Yet more it seemed | I must suffer yet
When the princes great | to Atli gave me.
12. “The brave boys I summoned | to secret speech;
For my woes requital | I might not win
Till off the heads | of the Hniflungs I hewed.
13. “To the sea I went, | my heart full sore
For the Norns, whose wrath | I would now escape;
But the lofty billows | bore me undrowned,
Till to land I came, | so I longer must live.
14. “Then to the bed— | of old was it better!—
Of a King of the folk | a third time I came;
Boys I bore | his heirs to be,
Heirs so young, | the sons of Jonak.
15. “But round Svanhild | handmaidens sat,
She was dearest ever | of all my children;
So did Svanhild | seem in my hall
As the ray of the sun | is fair to see.
16. “Gold I gave her | and garments bright,
Ere I let her go | to the Gothic folk;
Of my heavy woes | the hardest it was
When Svanhild’s tresses | fair were trodden
In the mire by hoofs | of horses wild.
17. “The sorest it was | when Sigurth mine
On his couch, of victory | robbed, they killed;
And grimmest of all | when to Gunnar’s heart
There crept the bright-hued | crawling snakes.
18. “And keenest of all | when they cut the heart
From the living breast | of the king so brave;
Many woes I remember, | . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . .
19. “Bridle, Sigurth, | thy steed so black,
Hither let run | thy swift-faring horse;
Here there sits not | son or daughter
Who yet to Guthrun | gifts shall give.
20. “Remember, Sigurth, | what once we said,
When together both | on the bed we sat,
That mightily thou | to me wouldst come
From hell and I | from earth to thee.
21. “Pile ye up, jarls, | the pyre of oak,
Make it the highest | a hero e’er had;
Let the fire burn | my grief-filled breast,
My sore-pressed heart, | till my sorrows melt.”
22. May nobles all | less sorrow know,
And less the woes | of women become,
Since the tale of this | lament is told.
NOTES
Prose. In the manuscript the prose is headed “Of Guthrun,” the title
“Guthrunarhvot” preceding stanza 1. The prose introduction is used both
by Snorri (Skaldskaparmal, chapter 42) and in the Volsungasaga. It
would be interesting to know on what the annotator based this note, for
neither Bikki nor Randver is mentioned by name in either the
Guthrunarhvot or the Hamthesmol. On the prose notes in general, cf.
Reginsmol, introductory note. Guthrun: on the slaying of Atli by his
wife, Guthrun, Sigurth’s widow, cf. Atlamol, 83–86 and notes. Jonak: a
Northern addition to the legend, introduced to account for Svanhild’s
half-brothers; the name is apparently of Slavic origin. Sorli, Erp, and
Hamther: Sorli and Hamther are the Sarus and Ammius of the Jordanes
story (cf. introductory note). The Volsungasaga follows this note in
making Erp likewise a son of Guthrun, but in the Hamthesmol he is a son
of Jonak by another wife. Svanhild: cf. Sigurtharkvitha en skamma, 54
and note. Jormunrek (Ermanarich): cf. introductory note. Bikki: the
Sifka or Sibicho of the Gothic legends of Ermanarich, whose evil
counsel always brings trouble. Randver: in the Volsungasaga Jormunrek
sends his son Randver with Bikki to seek Svanhild’s hand. On the voyage
home Bikki says to Randver: “It were right for you to have so fair a
wife, and not such an old man.” Randver was much pleased with this
advice, “and he spake to her with gladness, and she to him.” Thus the
story becomes near of kin to those of Tristan and Iseult and Paolo and
Francesca. According to the Volsungasaga, Bikki told Ermanarich that a
guilty love existed between his son and his young wife, and presumably
the annotator here meant as much by his vague “this.”
1. The poet’s introduction of himself in this stanza is a fairly
certain indication of the relative lateness of the poem.
2. Idle: a guess; a word is obviously missing in the original. The
manuscript marks line 5 as beginning a new stanza, and lines 5–6 may
well have been inserted from another part of the “old” Hamthesmol (cf.
Hamthesmol, 3).
3. Gunnar and Hogni: cf. Drap Niflunga. Line 5 may be interpolated.
Hunnish: here used, as often, merely as a generic term for all South
Germanic peoples; the reference is to the Burgundian Gunnar and Hogni.
4. Hamther: some editions spell the name “Hamthir.” Sigurth, etc.: cf.
Sigurtharkvitha en skamma, 21–24, and Brot, concluding prose. This
stanza has been subjected to many conjectural rearrangements, some
editors adding two or three lines from the Hamthesmol.
5. Bloody: a guess; a word in the original is clearly missing, and the
same is true of all in line 3. Thy sons: i.e., by killing her sons Erp
and Eitil (cf. Atlamol, 72–74) Guthrun deprived Hamther, Sorli, and the
second Erp of valuable allies in avenging Svanhild’s death.
6. The manuscript indicates no gap, but most editors assume the loss of
one, two or even more lines before the two here given.
7. The manuscript indicates line 4 as beginning a new stanza.
8. Line 1, identical with line 1 of stanza 4, may be interpolated here.
Spear-god: warrior, i.e., Hamther himself. With this stanza the
introductory hvot (“inciting”) ends, and stanza 9 introduces the lament
which forms the real body of the poem.
11. Line 1 in the original is of uncertain meaning. Many editors assume
the loss of a line after line 1, and some completely reconstruct line 1
on the basis of a hypothetical second line. Princes: Gunnar and Hogni.
12. Some editors assume the loss of one line, or more, before line 1.
Hniflungs: Erp and Eitil, the sons of Guthrun and Atli. On the
application of the name Niflung (or, as later spelt, Hniflung) to the
descendants of Gjuki, Guthrun’s father, cf. Brot, 17, note.
13. Norns: the fates; cf. Voluspo, 8 and note.
14. The manuscript omits the first half of line 4.
16. Some editors assume a gap of two lines after line 2, and make a
separate stanza of lines 3–5; Gering adds a sixth line of his own
coining, while Grundtvig inserts one between lines 3 and 4. The
manuscript indicates line 5 as beginning a new stanza.
17. The manuscript does not indicate line 1 as beginning a stanza (cf.
note on stanza 16). Stanzas 17 and 18 are very likely later
interpolations, although the compilers of the Volsungasaga knew them as
they stand here. The whole passage depends on the shades of difference
in the meanings of the various superlatives: harþastr, “hardest”;
sárastr, “sorest”; grimmastr, “grimmest,” and hvassastr, “keenest.”
Snakes: cf. Drap Niflunga.
18. The king: Hogni; cf. Atlakvitha, 25. The manuscript marks line 3 as
beginning a new stanza. Most editors agree that there is a more or less
extensive gap after stanza 18, and some of them contend that the
original ending of the poem is lost, stanzas 19–21 coming from a
different poem, probably a lament closely following Sigurth’s death.
19. The manuscript does not indicate line 1 as beginning a stanza, and
it immediately follows the fragmentary line 3 of stanza 18. The
resemblance between stanzas 19–21 and stanzas 64–69 of Sigurtharkvitha
en skamma suggests that, in some otherwise lost version of the story,
Guthrun, like Brynhild, sought to die soon after Sigurth’s death. Thy
steed: Guthrun’s appeal to the dead Sigurth to ride back to earth to
meet her is reminiscent of the episode related in Helgakvitha
Hundingsbana II, 39–48. The promise mentioned in stanza 20 is spoken of
elsewhere only in the Volsungasaga paraphrase of this passage.
21. Perhaps something has been lost between stanzas 20 and 21, or
possibly stanza 21, while belonging originally to the same poem as
stanzas 19 and 20, did not directly follow them. Sore-pressed: a guess;
a word seems to have been omitted in the original.
22. Words of the poet’s, like stanza 1, and perhaps constituting a
later addition. Many editors assume the loss of a line after line 3.
The meaning, of course, is that the poet hopes the story of Guthrun’s
woes will make all other troubles seem light by comparison.
HAMTHESMOL
THE BALLAD OF HAMTHER
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The Hamthesmol, the concluding poem in the Codex Regius, is on the
whole the worst preserved of all the poems in the collection. The
origin of the story, the relation of the Hamthesmol to the
Guthrunarhvot, and of both poems to the hypothetical “old” Hamthesmol,
are outlined in the introductory note to the Guthrunarhvot. The
Hamthesmol as we have it is certainly not the “old” poem of that name;
indeed it is so pronounced a patchwork that it can hardly be regarded
as a coherent poem at all. Some of the stanzas are in Fornyrthislag,
some are in Malahattr, one (stanza 29) appears to be in Ljothahattr,
and in many cases the words can be adapted to any known metrical form
only by liberal emendation. That any one should have deliberately
composed such a poem seems quite incredible, and it is far more likely
that some eleventh century narrator constructed a poem about the death
of Hamther and Sorli by piecing together various fragments, and
possibly adding a number of Malahattr stanzas of his own.
It has been argued, and with apparently sound logic, that our extant
Hamthesmol originated in Greenland, along with the Atlamol. In any
case, it can hardly have been put together before the latter part of
the eleventh century, although the “old” Hamthesmol undoubtedly long
antedates this period. Many editors have attempted to pick out the
parts of the extant poem which were borrowed from this older lay, but
the condition of the text is such that it is by no means clear even
what stanzas are in Fornyrthislag and what in Malahattr. Many editors,
likewise, indicate gaps and omissions, but it seems doubtful whether
the extant Hamthesmol ever had a really consecutive quality, its
component fragments having apparently been strung together with little
regard for continuity. The notes indicate some of the more important
editorial suggestions, but make no attempt to cover all of them, and
the metrical form of the translation is often based on mere guesswork
as to the character of the original lines and stanzas. Despite the
chaotic state of the text, however, the underlying narrative is
reasonably clear, and the story can be followed with no great
difficulty.
1. Great the evils | once that grew,
With the dawning sad | of the sorrow of elves;
In early morn | awake for men
The evils that grief | to each shall bring.
2. Not now, nor yet | of yesterday was it,
Long the time | that since hath lapsed,
So that little there is | that is half as old,
Since Guthrun, daughter | of Gjuki, whetted
Her sons so young | to Svanhild’s vengeance.
3. “The sister ye had | was Svanhild called,
And her did Jormunrek | trample with horses,
White and black | on the battle-way,
Gray, road-wonted, | the steeds of the Goths.
4. “Little the kings | of the folk are ye like,
For now ye are living | alone of my race.
5. “Lonely am I | as the forest aspen,
Of kindred bare | as the fir of its boughs,
My joys are all lost | as the leaves of the tree
When the scather of twigs | from the warm day turns.”
6. Then Hamther spake forth, | the high of heart:
“Small praise didst thou, Guthrun, | to Hogni’s deed give
When they wakened thy Sigurth | from out of his sleep,
Thou didst sit on the bed | while his slayers laughed.
7. “Thy bed-covers white | with blood were red
From his wounds, and with gore | of thy husband were wet;
So Sigurth was slain, | by his corpse didst thou sit,
And of gladness didst think not: | ’twas Gunnar’s doing.
8. “Thou wouldst strike at Atli | by the slaying of Erp
And the killing of Eitil; | thine own grief was worse;
So should each one wield | the wound-biting sword
That another it slays | but smites not himself.”
9. Then did Sorli speak out, | for wise was he ever:
“With my mother I never | a quarrel will make;
Full little in speaking | methinks ye both lack;
What askest thou, Guthrun, | that will give thee no tears?
10. “For thy brothers dost weep, | and thy boys so sweet,
Thy kinsmen in birth | on the battlefield slain;
Now, Guthrun, as well | for us both shalt thou weep,
We sit doomed on our steeds, | and far hence shall we die.”
11. Then the fame-glad one— | on the steps she was—
The slender-fingered, | spake with her son:
“Ye shall danger have | if counsel ye heed not;
. . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . .
By two heroes alone | shall two hundred of Goths
Be bound or be slain | in the lofty-walled burg.”
12. From the courtyard they fared, | and fury they breathed;
The youths swiftly went | o’er the mountain wet,
On their Hunnish steeds, | death’s vengeance to have.
13. On the way they found | the man so wise;
. . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . .
“What help from the weakling | brown may we have?”
14. So answered them | their half-brother then:
“So well may I | my kinsmen aid
As help one foot | from the other has.”
15. “How may a foot | its fellow aid,
Or a flesh-grown hand | another help?”
16. Then Erp spake forth, | his words were few,
As haughty he sat | on his horse’s back:
“To the timid ’tis ill | the way to tell.”
A bastard they | the bold one called.
17. From their sheaths they drew | their shining swords,
Their blades, to the giantess | joy to give;
By a third they lessened | the might that was theirs,
The fighter young | to earth they felled.
18. Their cloaks they shook, | their swords they sheathed,
The high-born men | wrapped their mantles close.
19. On their road they fared | and an ill way found,
And their sister’s son | on a tree they saw,
On the wind-cold wolf-tree | west of the hall,
And cranes’-bait crawled; | none would care to linger.
20. In the hall was din, | the men drank deep,
And the horses’ hoofs | could no one hear,
Till the warrior hardy | sounded his horn.
21. Men came and the tale | to Jormunrek told
How warriors helmed | without they beheld:
“Take counsel wise, | for brave ones are come,
Of mighty men | thou the sister didst murder.”
22. Then Jormunrek laughed, | his hand laid on his beard,
His arms, for with wine | he was warlike, he called for;
He shook his brown locks, | on his white shield he looked,
And raised high the cup | of gold in his hand.
23. “Happy, methinks, | were I to behold
Hamther and Sorli | here in my hall;
The men would I bind | with strings of bows,
And Gjuki’s heirs | on the gallows hang.”
24. In the hall was clamor, | the cups were shattered,
Men stood in blood | from the breasts of the Goths.
25. Then did Hamther speak forth, | the haughty of heart:
“Thou soughtest, Jormunrek, | us to see,
Sons of one mother | seeking thy dwelling;
Thou seest thy hands, | thy feet thou beholdest,
Jormunrek, flung | in the fire so hot.”
26. Then roared the king, | of the race of the gods,
Bold in his armor, | as roars a bear:
“Stone ye the men | that steel will bite not,
Sword nor spear, | the sons of Jonak.”
Sorli spake:
27. “Ill didst win, brother, | when the bag thou didst open,
Oft from that bag | came baleful counsel;
Heart hast thou, Hamther, | if knowledge thou hadst!
A man without wisdom | is lacking in much.”
Hamther spake:
28. “His head were now off | if Erp were living,
The brother so keen | whom we killed on our road,
The warrior noble,— | ’twas the Norns that drove me
The hero to slay | who in fight should be holy.
29. “In fashion of wolves | it befits us not
Amongst ourselves to strive,
Like the hounds of the Norns, | that nourished were
In greed mid wastes so grim.
30. “We have greatly fought, | o’er the Goths do we stand
By our blades laid low, | like eagles on branches;
Great our fame though we die | today or tomorrow;
None outlives the night | when the Norns have spoken.”
31. Then Sorli beside | the gable sank,
And Hamther fell | at the back of the house.
This is called the old ballad of Hamther.
NOTES
1. This stanza looks like a later interpolation from a totally
unrelated source. Sorrow of elves: the sun; cf. Alvissmol, 16 and note.
2. Some editors regard lines 1–2 as interpolated, while others question
line 3. Guthrun, etc.: regarding the marriage of Jonak and Guthrun
(daughter of Gjuki, sister of Gunnar and Hogni, and widow first of
Sigurth and then of Atli), and the sons of this marriage, Hamther and
Sorli (but not Erp), cf. Guthrunarhvot, introductory prose and note.
3. Svanhild and Jormunrek: regarding the manner in which Jormunrek
(Ermanarich) married Svanhild, daughter of Sigurth and Guthrun, and
afterwards had her trodden to death by horses, cf. Guthrunarhvot,
introductory note. Lines 3–4 are identical with lines 5–6 of
Guthrunarhvot, 2.
4. These two lines may be all that is left of a four-line stanza. The
manuscript and many editions combine them with stanza 5, while a few
place them after stanza 5 as a separate stanza, reversing the order of
the two lines. Kings of the folk: Guthrun’s brothers, Gunnar and Hogni,
slain by Atli.
5. Cf. note on stanza 4; the manuscript does not indicate line 1 as
beginning a stanza. Scather of twigs: poetic circumlocution for the
wind (cf. Skaldskaparmal, chapter 27), though some editors think the
phrase here means the sun. Some editors assume a more or less extensive
gap between stanzas 5 and 6.
6. Lines 1–3 are nearly identical with lines 1–3 of Guthrunarhvot, 4.
On the death of Sigurth cf. Sigurtharkvitha en skamma, 21–24, and Brot,
concluding prose. The word thy in line 3 is omitted in the original.
7. Lines 1–2 are nearly identical with lines 4–5 of Guthrunarhvot, 4.
The manuscript, followed by many editions, indicates line 3 and not
line 1 as beginning a stanza.
8. Some editors regard this stanza as interpolated. Erp and Eitil:
regarding Guthrun’s slaying of her sons by Atli, cf. Atlamol, 72–75.
The Erp here referred to is not to be confused with the Erp, son of
Jonak, who appears in stanza 13. The whole of stanza 8 is in doubtful
shape, and many emendations have been suggested.
10. Some editors assign this speech to Hamther. Brothers: Gunnar and
Hogni. Boys: Erp and Eitil.
11. In the manuscript this stanza follows stanza 21, and some editors
take the word here rendered “fame-glad one” (hróþrglǫþ) to be a proper
name (Jormunrek’s mother or his concubine). The Volsungasaga, however,
indicates that Guthrun at this point “had so fashioned their war-gear
that iron would not bite into it, and she bade them to have nought to
do with stones or other heavy things, and told them that it would be
ill for them if they did not do as she said.” The substance of this
counsel may well have been conveyed in a passage lost after line 3,
though the manuscript indicates no gap. It is by being stoned that
Hamther and Sorli are killed (stanza 26). On the other hand, the second
part of line 3 may possibly mean “if silent ye are not,” in which case
the advice relates to Hamther’s speech to Jormunrek and Sorli’s
reproach to him thereupon (stanzas 25 and 27). Steps: the word in the
original is doubtful. Line 3 is thoroughly obscure. Some editors make a
separate stanza of lines 3–5, while others question line 5.
12. Many editors assume the loss of a line after line 1. In several
editions lines 2–3 are placed after line 2 of stanza 18. Hunnish: the
word meant little more than “German”; cf. Guthrunarhvot, 3 and note.
13. In the manuscript these two lines follow stanza 16; some editors
insert them in place of lines 2–3 of stanza 11. The manuscript
indicates no gap. The man so wise: Erp, here represented as a son of
Jonak but not of Guthrun, and hence a half-brother of Hamther and
Sorli. There is nothing further to indicate whether or not he was born
out of wedlock, as intimated in stanza 16. Some editors assign line 3
to Hamther, and some to Sorli.
14. The stanza is obviously defective. Many editors add Erp’s name in
line 1, and insert between lines 2 and 3 a line based on stanza 15 and
the Volsungasaga paraphrase: “As a flesh-grown hand | another
helps.” In the Volsungasaga, after Erp’s death, Hamther stumbles and
saves himself from falling with his hand, whereupon he says: “Erp spake
truly; I had fallen had I not braced myself with my hand.” Soon
thereafter Sorli has a like experience, one foot slipping but the other
saving him from a fall. “Then they said that they had done ill to Erp,
their brother.”
15. Many editions attach these two lines to stanza 14, while a few
assume the loss of two lines.
16. In the manuscript this stanza stands between stanzas 12 and 13.
Some editors make line 4 a part of Erp’s speech.
17. The manuscript does not indicate line 1 as beginning a stanza. The
giantess: presumably the reference is to Hel, goddess of the dead, but
the phrase is doubtful.
18. In the manuscript these two lines are followed by stanza 19 with no
indication of a break. Some editions insert here lines 2–3 of stanza
12, while others assume the loss of two or more lines.
19. Cf. note on stanza 18. Ill way: very likely the road leading
through the gate of Jormunrek’s town at which Svanhild was trampled to
death. Sister’s son: many editors change the text to read “stepson,”
for the reference is certainly to Randver, son of Jormunrek, hanged by
his father on Bikki’s advice (cf. Guthrunarhvot, introductory note).
Wolf-tree: the gallows, the wolf being symbolical of outlaws.
Cranes’-bait: presumably either snakes or worms, but the passage is
doubtful.
20. Many editors assume the loss of a line after line 3. The warrior:
presumably a warder or watchman, but the reference may be to Hamther
himself.
21. The word here rendered men (line 1) is missing in the original,
involving a metrical error, and various words have been suggested.
22. Line 2 in the original is thoroughly obscure; some editors directly
reverse the meaning here indicated by giving the line a negative force,
while others completely alter the phrase rendered “his arms he called
for” into one meaning “he stroked his cheeks.”
23. Gjuki’s heirs: the original has “the well-born of Gjuki,” and some
editors have changed the proper name to Guthrun, but the phrase
apparently refers to Hamther and Sorli as Gjuki’s grandsons. In the
manuscript this stanza is followed by stanza 11, and such editors as
have retained this arrangement have had to resort to varied and complex
explanations to account for it.
24. Editors have made various efforts to reconstruct a four-line stanza
out of these two lines, in some cases with the help of lines borrowed
from the puzzling stanza 11 (cf. note on stanza 23). Line 2 in the
original is doubtful.
25. Some editors mark line 1 as an interpolation. The manuscript marks
line 4 as beginning a new stanza. As in the story told by Jordanes,
Hamther and Sorli succeed in wounding Jormunrek (here they cut off his
hands and feet), but do not kill him.
26. The manuscript marks line 3, and not line 1, as beginning a stanza.
Of the race of the gods: the reference here is apparently to Jormunrek,
but in the Volsungasaga the advice to kill Hamther and Sorli with
stones, since iron will not wound them (cf. note on stanza 11), comes
from Othin, who enters the hall as an old man with one eye.
27. In the manuscript this stanza is introduced by the same line as
stanza 25: “Then did Hamther speak forth, | the haughty of heart,”
but the speaker in this case must be Sorli and not Hamther. Some
editors, however, give lines 1–2 to Hamther and lines 3–4 to Sorli.
Bag: i.e., Hamther’s mouth; cf. note on stanza 11. The manuscript
indicates line 3 as beginning a new stanza.
28. Most editors regard stanzas 28–30 as a speech by Hamther, but the
manuscript does not indicate the speaker, and some editors assign one
or two of the stanzas to Sorli. Lines 1–2 are quoted in the
Volsungasaga. The manuscript does not indicate line 1 as beginning a
stanza. Erp: Hamther means that while the two brothers had succeeded
only in wounding Jormunrek, Erp, if he had been with them, would have
killed him. Lines 3–4 may be a later interpolation. Norns: the fates;
the word used in the original means the goddesses of ill fortune.
29. This is almost certainly an interpolated Ljothahattr stanza, though
some editors have tried to expand it into the Fornyrthislag form.
Hounds of the Norns: wolves.
30. Some editors assume a gap after this stanza.
31. Apparently a fragment of a stanza from the “old” Hamthesmol to
which the annotator’s concluding prose note refers. Some editors assume
the loss of two lines after line 2.
Prose. Regarding the “old” Hamthesmol, cf. Guthrunarhvot, introductory
note.
PRONOUNCING INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
Introductory Note
The pronunciations indicated in the following index are in many cases,
at best, mere approximations, and in some cases the pronunciation of
the Old Norse is itself more or less conjectural. For the sake of
clarity it has seemed advisable to keep the number of phonetic symbols
as small as possible, even though the result is occasional failure to
distinguish between closely related sounds. In every instance the
object has been to provide the reader with a clearly comprehensible and
approximately correct pronunciation, for which reason, particularly in
such matters as division of syllables, etymology has frequently been
disregarded for the sake of phonetic clearness. For example, when a
root syllable ends in a long (double) consonant, the division has
arbitrarily been made so as to indicate the sounding of both elements
(e.g., Am-ma, not Amm-a).
As many proper names occur in the notes but not in the text, and as
frequently the more important incidents connected with the names are
outlined in notes which would not be indicated by textual references
alone, the page numbers include all appearances of proper names in the
notes as well as in the text.
The following general rules govern the application of the phonetic
symbols used in the index, and also indicate the approximate
pronunciation of the unmarked vowels and consonants.
Vowels. The vowels are pronounced approximately as follows:
a —as in “alone”
ā —as in “father”
e —as in “men”
ē —as a in “fate”
i —as in “is”
ī —as in “machine”
o —as in “on”
ō —as in “old”
ö —as in German “öffnen”
ȫ —as in German “schön”
ǭ —as aw in “law”
u —as ou in “would”
ū —as ou in “wound”
y —as i in “is” } Both with a slight
ȳ —as ee in “free” } sound of German ü
æ —as e in “men”
ǣ —as a in “fate”
ei —as ey in “they”
ey —as in “they”
au —as ou in “out”
ai —as i in “fine”
No attempt has been made to differentiate between the short open “o”
and the short closed “o,” which for speakers of English closely
resemble one another.
Consonants. The consonants are pronounced approximately as in English,
with the following special points to be noted:
G is always hard, as in “get,” never soft, as in “gem;” following “n”
it has the same sound as in “sing.”
J is pronounced as y in “young.”
Th following a vowel is soft, as in “with;” at the beginning of a word
or following a consonant it is hard, as in “thin.”
The long (doubled) consonants should be pronounced as in Italian, both
elements being distinctly sounded; e.g., “Am-ma.”
S is always hard, as in “so,” “this,” never soft, as in “as.”
H enters into combinations with various following consonants; with “v”
the sound is approximately that of wh in “what”; with “l,” “r” and “n”
it produces sounds which have no exact English equivalents, but which
can be approximated by pronouncing the consonants with a marked initial
breathing.
Accents. The accented syllable in each name is indicated by the acute
accent (′). In many names, however, and particularly in compounds,
there is both a primary and a secondary accent, and where this is the
case the primary stress is indicated by a double acute accent (″) and
the secondary one by a single acute accent (′). To avoid possible
confusion with the long vowel marks used in Old Norse texts, the
accents are placed, not over the vowels, but after the accented
syllables.
PRONOUNCING INDEX
Æg′-ir, the sea-god, 102, 132, 139–141, 150–154, 156–158, 161, 172,
199, 280, 299, 300, 314, 324, 359.
Æk′-in, a river, 95.
Af′-i, Grandfather, 204, 207.
Ag′-nar, a warrior, 390, 444, 445.
Ag′-nar, brother of Geirröth, 85, 86.
Ag′-nar, son of Geirröth, 84, 87, 88, 106.
Āi, a dwarf, 6, 8.
Āi, Great-Grandfather, 204.
Alf, a dwarf, 8.
Alf, husband of Hjordis, 335, 336, 359, 374, 454.
Alf, slayer of Helgi, 286, 288, 289, 331.
Alf, son of Dag, 223, 454.
Alf, son of Hring, 306.
Alf, son of Hunding, 295, 316, 317.
Alf, son of Ulf, 222.
Alf′-heim, home of the elves, 3, 88, 186.
Alf′-hild, wife of Hjorvarth, 272, 273.
Alf′-roth-ul, the sun, 81.
Al′-grȫn, an island, 127.
Āl′-i, a warrior, 222.
Alm′-veig, wife of Halfdan, 222.
Ā′-lof, daughter of Franmar, 273, 275, 276.
Al′-svith, a giant, 62.
Al′-svith, a horse, 99, 100, 394.
Al′-thjōf, a dwarf, 6.
Al′-vald-i, a giant, 128.
Al′-vīs, a dwarf, 183–193.
Al″-vīss-mǭl, the Ballad of Alvis, 68, 109, 183–194, 252, 283, 546.
Ām, son of Dag, 223.
Am′-bōtt, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Am′-ma, Grandmother, 204, 207, 208.
Ān, a dwarf, 6.
And′-hrim-nir, a cook, 92.
And″-var-a-naut′, a ring, 114, 361, 448.
And′-var-i, a dwarf, 8, 114, 260, 343, 357–361, 417, 426, 448, 493.
An′-gan-tȳr, a berserker, 225.
An′-gan-tȳr, a warrior, 218, 220, 232.
Ang′-eyj-a, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Angr′-both-a, a giantess, 17, 21, 146, 196, 230, 231.
Arf′-i, son of Jarl, 214.
Ar″-in-nef′-ja, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Arn′-grīm, father of the berserkers, 225.
Ār′-vak, a horse, 99, 100, 394.
Ās″-a-thōr′, Thor, 135.
Ās′-garth, home of the gods, 3, 11, 12, 141, 179, 186.
Ask, Ash, 8.
Ās′-laug, daughter of Brynhild, 353, 404, 429.
Ās′-mund, a giant (?), 104.
Ath′-al, son of Jarl, 214.
At′-la, mother of Heimdall, 229.
At″-la-kvith′-a, the Lay of Atli, 165, 255, 306, 421, 448, 463, 476,
480–501, 515, 520, 522, 530, 543.
At″-la-mǭl′, the Ballad of Atli, 448, 449, 463, 480–482, 485, 487, 491,
494, 498–535, 538, 540, 545, 548.
At′-li, Attila, 8, 121, 290, 339, 346, 361, 406, 418, 419, 422,
430–432, 436–438, 447–451, 456–459, 461–466, 468–470, 472–478, 480–485,
487–489, 491–502, 504, 506, 507, 513, 514, 516–520, 522–538, 541,
546–548.
At′-li, son of Hring, 306.
At′-li, son of Ithmund, 271, 273–276, 278–281, 283, 284.
At′-rīth, Othin, 104.
Aur′-both-a, a giantess, 109, 228.
Aur′-both-a, Mengloth’s handmaid, 249.
Aur′-gelm-ir, Ymir, 76.
Aur′-vang, a dwarf, 7.
Austr′-i, a dwarf, 6.
Auth, mother of Harald Battle-Tooth, 227.
Auth′-a, sister of Agnar, 390, 444, 445.
Auth′-i, son of Halfdan the Old, 221, 485.
Baldr, a god, 1, 2, 14–16, 22, 25, 82, 83, 90, 91, 114, 161, 172,
195–199, 218, 227, 228, 236, 245, 360.
Baldrs Draumar, Baldr’s Dreams, 15, 19, 114, 174, 178, 195–200, 236.
Bāl′-eyg, Othin, 103.
Bar′-i, a dwarf, 247.
Barn, son of Jarl, 214.
Bar′-ri, a berserker, 225.
Bar′-ri, a forest, 119, 120.
Beit′-i, Atli’s steward, 520.
Bekk′-hild, sister of Brynhild, 345, 346.
Bel′-i, a giant, 22, 110, 112.
Ber′-a, Kostbera, 449, 510, 511, 517.
Ber′-gel-mir, a giant, 76, 78.
Best′-la, Othin’s mother, 4, 61, 160.
Beyl′-a, servant of Freyr, 152, 153, 169.
Bif′-lind-i, Othin, 104.
Bif′-rost, the rainbow bridge, 22, 90, 96, 102, 136, 329, 376.
Bī′-fur, a dwarf, 6.
Bik′-ki, follower of Jormunrek, 439, 487, 488, 538, 551.
Bīl′-eyg, Othin, 103.
Bil′-ling, a giant (?), 28, 46, 48.
Bil′-rost, the rainbow bridge, 102, 376.
Bil′-skirn-ir, Thor’s dwelling, 88, 93.
Bjort, Mengloth’s handmaid, 249.
Blāin, Ymir (?), 6.
Bleik, Mengloth’s handmaid, 249.
Blind, follower of Hunding, 312.
Blīth, Mengloth’s handmaid, 249.
Bod′-di, son of Karl, 209.
Bǭ′-fur, a dwarf, 6.
Bolm, an island, 225.
Bol′-thorn, Othin’s grandfather, 4, 61.
Bol′-verk, Othin, 50, 52, 103.
Bom′-bur, a dwarf, 6.
Bōnd′-i, son of Karl, 209.
Borg′-ar, brother of Borghild (?), 334.
Borg′-hild, mother of Helgi, 270, 291, 293, 310, 333–335.
Borg′-nȳ, daughter of Heithrek, 469–473, 479.
Both′-vild, daughter of Nithuth, 254, 258, 260, 261, 263, 265–268.
Brag′-a-lund, a forest, 314.
Brag′-i, a god, 102, 152, 155–158, 228, 314, 394.
Brag′-i, brother of Sigrun, 318, 319.
Brag′-i Bod′-da-son, a skald, 102.
Brā′-lund, birthplace of Helgi, 291, 292, 310.
Brām′-i, a berserker, 225.
Brand′-ey, an island, 297.
Bratt′-skegg, son of Karl, 209.
Brā′-voll, a field, 303.
Breith, son of Karl, 209.
Breith′-a-blik, Baldr’s home, 90.
Brim′-ir, a giant, 6, 16, 17, 394.
Brim′-ir, a sword, 102.
Brīs′-ings, the dwarfs, 159, 177–179, 236.
Brodd, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Brot af Sig″-urth-ar-kvith′-u, Fragment of a Sigurth Lay, 155, 370,
402–412, 420, 421, 427–429, 448, 450–452, 486, 493, 515, 539, 542, 547.
Brun″-a-vāg′-ar, a harbor, 313, 314.
Brūth, daughter of Karl, 210.
Bryn′-hild, wife of Gunnar, 14, 226, 234, 270, 296, 339, 344–347,
349–353, 362, 370, 371, 383–388, 391, 396, 397, 400, 403–408, 412,
417–419, 421–425, 427, 429–438, 442–448, 457, 459, 460, 469, 470,
474–476, 481, 484, 511, 516, 518, 532, 537, 543.
Bū′-i, a berserker, 225.
Bū′-i, son of Karl, 209.
Bund″-in-skeg′-gi, son of Karl, 209.
Bur, father of Othin, 4, 160, 228.
Bur, son of Jarl, 214.
Buth′-li, father of Atli, 296, 339, 344, 346, 347, 371, 385, 388, 405,
406, 408, 417–419, 425, 429, 430, 432, 437, 441, 443, 459, 466, 474,
485, 487, 488, 498, 512, 518, 521, 525, 530, 532.
Buth′-lungs, descendants of Buthli, 498.
Bygg′-vir, Freyr’s servant, 152, 153, 165, 166, 169.
Bȳ′-leist (or Bȳ′-leipt), brother of Loki, 22, 230.
Dag, a god (Day), 66, 75, 192.
Dag, brother of Sigrun, 310, 318, 319, 323, 324, 331.
Dag, husband of Thora, 223, 454.
Dāin, a dwarf, 6, 220.
Dāin, a hart, 98.
Dāin, an elf, 62.
Dan, a king, 216.
Dan′-a, daughter of Danp, 216.
Danp, a king, 216, 484.
Del′-ling, father of Day, 66, 75, 247.
Digr′-ald-i, son of Thræll, 206.
Dog′-ling, Delling, 75.
Dög′-lings, descendants of Dag, 223.
Dolg′-thras-ir, a dwarf, 7.
Dōr′-i, a dwarf, 8, 247.
Drāp Nifl′-ung-a, the Slaying of the Niflungs, 408, 438, 447–449, 461,
472, 477, 481, 482, 485, 489, 494, 501, 539, 543.
Draup′-nir, a dwarf, 7.
Draup′-nir, a ring, 114, 360.
Dreng, son of Karl, 209.
Drott, son of Thræll, 206.
Drumb, son of Thræll, 206.
Drumb′-a, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Dūf, a dwarf, 8.
Dun′-eyr, a hart, 98.
Dur′-in, a dwarf, 6.
Dval′-in, a dwarf, 6, 7, 62, 188, 375.
Dval′-in, a hart, 98.
Dyr′-a-thrōr, a hart, 98.
Ed′-da, Great-Grandmother, 204, 205.
Egg′-thēr, the giants’ watchman, 18.
Eg′-il, brother of Völund, 254–257, 265, 267.
Eg′-il, father of Thjalfi (?), 141.
Eg″-ils-sag′-a, the Saga of Egil, 139.
Eik″-in-skjald′-i, a dwarf, 7, 8.
Eik″-in-tjas′-na, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Eik′-thyrn-ir, a hart, 94.
Eir, Mengloth’s handmaid, 248, 249.
Eist′-la, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Eit′-il, son of Atli, 448, 461, 482, 495–498, 525, 540, 541, 548.
Eld′-hrim-nir, a kettle, 92.
Eld′-ir, Ægir’s servant, 153, 154.
Ēl″-i-vāg′-ar, the Milky Way (?), 76, 140.
Emb′-la, Elm, 8.
Ern′-a, wife of Jarl, 213, 214.
Erp, son of Atli, 448, 461, 482, 495–498, 525, 540, 541, 548.
Erp, son of Jonak, 361, 439, 538, 540, 546, 548, 550, 554.
Ey′-fur-a, mother of the berserkers, 225.
Eyj′-olf, son of Hunding, 295, 316, 317.
Ey′-lim-i, father of Hjordis, 226, 270, 295, 335, 336, 340, 341, 363,
365.
Ey′-lim-i, father of Svava, 277, 284, 285, 287, 335.
Ey′-mōth, Atli’s emissary, 456, 457.
Ey′-mund, king of Holmgarth, 222.
Eyr′-gjaf-a, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Fāf′-nir, brother of Regin, 226, 260, 273, 339, 345, 357, 359, 361–365,
369–383, 385, 412, 421, 431, 445, 448, 475, 476, 484.
Fāf″-nis-mǭl′, the Ballad of Fafnir, 6, 7, 125, 151, 188, 215, 226,
273, 343, 344, 356, 357, 365, 369–388, 390, 402, 411, 417, 445, 450,
474, 476, 509.
Fal′-hōfn-ir, a horse, 96.
Far′-baut-i, father of Loki, 157, 168.
Farm′-a-tȳr, Othin, 104.
Fath′-ir, Father, 204, 210.
Feim′-a, daughter of Karl, 210.
Feng, Othin, 366.
Fen′-ja, a giantess, 436.
Fenr′-ir, a wolf, 17–23, 81–83, 91, 93, 100, 140, 146, 152, 164, 165,
170, 196, 303.
Fen′-sal-ir, Frigg’s hall, 15.
Fīl′-i, a dwarf, 7.
Fim′-a-feng, Ægir’s servant, 152, 153.
Fim′-bul-thul, a river, 95.
Fith, a dwarf, 8.
Fit′-jung, Earth, 43, 44.
Fjal′-ar, a cock, 18, 19, 243.
Fjal′-ar, a dwarf, 8.
Fjal′-ar, Suttung (?), 32.
Fjal′-ar, Utgartha-Loki (?), 130.
Fjol′-kald, Svipdag’s grandfather, 240.
Fjol′-nir, Othin, 103, 366.
Fjol″-svinns-mǭl′, the Ballad of Fjolsvith, 234, 239–251.
Fjol′-svith, Mengloth’s watchman, 234, 239–250.
Fjol′-svith, Othin, 103.
Fjol′-var, a giant (?), 127.
Fjōn, an island, 455.
Fjorg′-yn, Jorth, 23, 24, 136.
Fjorg′-yn, Othin, 24, 160.
Fjorm, a river, 95.
Fjorn′-ir, Gunnar’s cupbearer, 486.
Fjors′-ungs, the fishes (?), 321.
Fjōsn′-ir, son of Thræll, 206.
Fjot′-ur-lund, a forest, 323.
Fljōth, daughter of Karl, 210.
Folk′-vang, Freyja’s home, 90, 175.
For′-set-i, a god, 91, 228.
Fōst″-bræth-ra-sag′-a, the Saga of the Foster-Brothers, 46.
Frā Dauth′-a Sinf′-jotl-a, Of Sinfjotli’s Death, 270, 293, 295, 302,
332–337, 340, 342, 356, 357, 359, 365, 368, 374, 386, 388, 421, 454,
455.
Frǣg, a dwarf, 7.
Frān′-ang, a waterfall, 172, 173.
Frān′-mar, Sigrlin’s foster-father, 273, 275.
Frār, a dwarf, 7.
Frath′-mar, son of Dag, 223.
Frek′-a-stein, a battlefield, 287, 288, 304, 307, 318, 319, 322.
Frek′-i, a wolf, 92, 295.
Frek′-i, son of Dag, 223.
Frey′-ja, a goddess, 10–12, 22, 90, 91, 102, 108, 128, 152, 157–159,
161–163, 175–177, 180, 181, 217–220, 231–233, 236, 472.
Freyr, a god, 10, 22, 88, 91, 101, 107–110, 112–115, 117, 119, 120,
152, 161–166, 169, 175, 220, 228, 284, 308, 428.
Fri′-aut, daughter of Hildigun, 222, 223.
Frigg, a goddess, 14, 15, 22, 68, 29, 86, 89, 91, 151, 152, 157–161,
182, 196, 236, 248, 472.
Frīth, Mengloth’s handmaid, 249.
Frost′-i, a dwarf, 8.
Frōth′-i, a Danish king, 294, 295, 436.
Frōth′-i, father of Hledis, 222.
Frōth′-i, father of Kari (?), 224.
Ful′-la, Frigg’s handmaid, 86.
Ful′-nir, son of Thræll, 206.
Fund′-in, a dwarf, 7.
Gagn′-rāth, Othin, 68, 70–72.
Gand′-alf, a dwarf, 7.
Gang, brother of Thjazi, 128.
Gang′-ler-i, King Gylfi, 94.
Gang′-ler-i, Othin, 103.
Garm, a hound, 19, 21, 24, 102, 140, 196.
Gast′-ropn-ir, Mengloth’s dwelling, 242.
Gaut, Othin, 105.
Gef′-jun, a goddess, 157–159.
Geir′-mund, kinsman of Atli, 478.
Geir′-on-ul, a Valkyrie, 99.
Geir′-röth, a king, 84–87, 104–106.
Geir′-skog-ul, a Valkyrie, 14.
Geir′-vim-ul, a river, 95.
Geit′-ir, Gripir’s servant, 340–342.
Ger′-i, a hound, 244.
Ger′-i, a wolf, 92, 295.
Gerth, daughter of Gymir, 109, 111–115, 119, 120, 152, 165, 228.
Gīf, a hound, 244.
Gim′-lē, a mountain, 26.
Gin′-nar, a dwarf, 8.
Gin″-nung-a-gap′, Yawning Gap, 4, 77.
Gip′-ul, a river, 95.
Gīsl, a horse, 96.
Gjaf′-laug, Gjuki’s sister, 413.
Gjal″-lar-horn′, Heimdall’s horn, 12, 20.
Gjol, a river, 95.
Gjolp, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Gjūk′-i, father of Gunnar, 226, 343, 344, 348, 352–354, 362, 383, 403,
406, 407, 410, 411, 413, 415–418, 421–423, 426, 429, 444, 446–448, 451,
452, 459, 462, 466, 470, 476, 477, 480, 482, 499, 500, 509, 516, 517,
529, 535, 541, 542, 546, 552, 553.
Gjūk′-i, son of Hogni, 449.
Gjūk′-ungs, Gjuki’s sons, 344, 383, 388, 403, 408, 421, 426, 431, 446,
448, 449, 451, 456, 457, 476, 477, 483, 484, 500, 501.
Glap′-svith, Othin, 103.
Glas′-ir, a forest, 274.
Glath, a horse, 96.
Glaths′-heim, Othin’s dwelling, 89.
Glaum, Atli’s horse, 493.
Glaum′-vor, wife of Gunnar, 448, 500, 502, 507, 508, 510, 511.
Gleip′-nir, a chain, 17.
Gler, a horse, 96.
Glit′-nir, Forseti’s dwelling, 91.
Glō′-in, a dwarf, 7.
Gnip″-a-hel′-lir, a cave, 19, 21, 24.
Gnip′-a-lund, a forest, 300, 301, 303, 306.
Gnit′-a-heith, Fafnir’s mountain, 343, 365, 371, 484.
Gō′-in, a serpent, 98.
Gol, a Valkyrie, 99.
Gol″-lin-kamb′-i, a cock, 19, 243, 329.
Goll′-nir, a giant (?), 303.
Goll′-rond, daughter of Gjuki, 414–416, 418.
Goll′-topp, a horse, 96, 97.
Goll′-veig, a Wane, 10.
Gom′-ul, a river, 95.
Gond′-lir, Othin, 104.
Gond′-ul, a Valkyrie, 14.
Gop′-ul, a river, 95.
Gorm (the Old), King of Denmark, 201, 202.
Goth′-mund, son of Granmar, 290, 300–305, 309, 316–318, 321, 322, 332.
Got′-thorm, slayer of Sigurth, 226, 350, 354, 361, 405, 410, 426–428,
453, 533.
Grā′-bak, a serpent, 98.
Graf′-vit-nir, a serpent, 98.
Graf′-vol-luth, a serpent, 98.
Gram, Sigurth’s sword, 351, 365, 378, 427, 428.
Gran′-i, Sigurth’s horse, 259, 260, 303, 342, 344, 350, 358, 359, 385,
395, 403, 406, 417, 431, 432, 445, 446, 452, 476.
Gran′-mar, father of Hothbrodd, 291, 296, 300, 304, 308, 316–322, 332.
Greip, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Gret′-tir, a hero, 64.
Gret″-tis-sag′-a, the Saga of Grettir, 129.
Grīm, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Grīm, Othin, 103.
Grīm′-hild, wife of Gjuki, 226, 349, 350, 354, 403, 405, 436, 448,
455–457, 459–461, 474, 519, 524, 526.
Grim′-nir, Othin, 84, 86, 87, 103, 104.
Grim″-nis-mǭl, the Ballad of Grimnir, 4, 5, 9, 12, 14, 17–20, 62, 68,
75, 84–108, 122, 130, 136, 138, 139, 152, 175, 179, 180, 196, 203, 221,
230, 234, 237, 253, 302, 303, 323, 329, 366, 376, 378, 384, 394, 472,
487, 494.
Grīp′-ir, Sigurth’s uncle, 337, 340–355.
Grīp″-is-spǭ′, Gripir’s Prophecy, 14, 87, 226, 336–359, 365, 371, 383,
386, 388, 403, 404, 406, 409, 412, 417, 418, 421, 422, 429, 440–442,
446, 447, 450, 451, 456, 469, 481, 484, 499, 518, 536.
Grō′-a, mother of Svipdag, 234–236, 238.
Grǭth, a river, 95.
Grot″-ta-songr′, the Song of Grotti, 436.
Grot′-ti, a mill, 436.
Grō″-u-galdr′, Groa’s Spell, 234–239.
Gull′-fax-i, a horse, 126.
Gull″-in-tan′-ni, Heimdall, 97.
Gung′-nir, a spear, 101, 395.
Gun′-nar, brother of Borghild (?), 334.
Gun′-nar, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Gun′-nar, son of Gjuki, 8, 226, 339, 343, 349–354, 361, 383, 403–405,
407–409, 414, 417–419, 421–424, 426, 427, 429–434, 436–38, 442,
447–449, 453, 456, 457, 459–461, 467, 469, 470, 473–479, 482–486,
488–494, 497–500, 502, 507–509, 513, 517–519, 521, 522, 532, 533, 539,
541, 543, 546–548.
Gunn′-loth, daughter of Suttung, 28, 32, 50–52.
Gunn′-thor-in, a river, 95.
Gunn′-thrō, a river, 95.
Gust, Andvari (?), 357, 361.
Guth, a Valkyrie, 14, 314.
Guth′-rūn, wife of Sigurth, 226, 339, 343, 344, 349, 352–354, 383, 388,
403–407, 410–417, 419, 421–424, 428, 429, 433, 436–439, 442, 446–451,
453, 455–457, 459–466, 468, 470, 477, 480, 482, 485, 493–501, 513, 515,
516, 518, 519, 522–544, 546–550, 552.
Guth″-rūn-ar-hvot′, Guthrun’s Inciting, 226, 410, 411, 439, 447, 450,
497, 535–547, 549, 551, 555.
Guth″-rūn-ar-kvith′-a I (en Fyrst′-a), the First Lay of Guthrun, 4,
293, 325, 402, 409, 411–420, 422, 423, 426, 429, 430, 450, 452–454,
475, 479.
Guth″-rūn-ar-kvith′-a II (On′-nur, en Forn′-a), the Second (Old) Lay of
Guthrun, 230, 255, 325, 407, 410–412, 416, 419, 450–465, 467, 476, 493,
495, 496, 501, 505.
Guth″-rūn-ar-kvith′-a III (Thrith′-ja), the Third Lay of Guthrun, 450,
451, 465–469, 517.
Gylf″-a-gin′-ning, the Deceiving of Gylfi, 120, 228, 229, 231, 248,
370.
Gyl′-lir, a horse, 96.
Gym′-ir, Ægir, 151.
Gym′-ir, a giant, 109, 111, 112, 114, 165, 228.
Gyrth, son of Dag, 223.
Had′-ding, a Danish king, 311, 458.
Had″-ding-ja-skat′-i, Haddings’-Hero (Helgi), 311, 330, 331.
Had′-dings, berserkers, 225.
Hǣm′-ing, son of Hunding, 311.
Hag′-al, Helgi’s foster-father, 310–312.
Hak′-i, son of Hvethna, 227.
Hal, son of Karl, 209.
Hālf, King of Horthaland, 222, 223.
Half′-dan, father of Kara, 316, 330.
Half′-dan (the Old), a Danish king, 221–223, 227, 269, 307, 308, 364,
454.
Hālfs′-sag-a, the Saga of Half, 222, 223.
Ham′-al, son of Hagal, 311, 314.
Ham′-thēr, son of Jonak, 361, 439, 447, 536–541, 545–550, 552–555.
Ham″-thēs-mǭl′, the Ballad of Hamther, 226, 410, 439, 447, 450, 488,
536–540, 545–555.
Hā′-mund, son of Sigmund, 293, 334.
Han′-nar, a dwarf, 7.
Hār, Othin, 94, 103.
Har′-ald (Battle-Tooth), son of Hrörek, 227.
Har′-ald (Blue-Tooth), King of Denmark, 201, 202.
Hār′-barth, Othin, 104, 121, 122, 125–137.
Hār″-barths-ljōth′, the Poem of Harbarth, 12, 24, 104, 121–140, 142,
143, 152, 167, 168, 170, 171, 174, 175, 185, 195, 228, 314, 394, 443,
478, 480.
Hat′-a-fjord, a fjord, 278.
Hat′-i, a giant, 278, 280, 281.
Hat′-i, a wolf, 18, 100.
Haug′-spor-i, a dwarf, 7.
Heer′-fath-er, Othin, 13, 14, 69, 92, 94, 218, 390.
Heim′-dall, a god, 3, 12, 18, 20, 90, 97, 115, 166, 167, 178, 202, 203,
213, 228–230.
Heim′-ir, Brynhild’s foster-father, 345–348, 350, 351, 353, 403, 404,
445.
Heith, daughter of Hrimnir, 228.
Heith, Gollweg (?), 10.
Heith′-draup-nir, Mimir (?), 393, 394.
Heith′-rek, father of Borgny, 470.
Heith′-rūn, a goat, 94, 232.
Hel, goddess of the dead, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 93, 95, 97, 115, 118,
146, 196, 231, 237, 245, 377, 441–443, 518, 551.
Hel′-blind-i, Othin, 103.
Helg″-a-kvith′-a Hjor″-varths-son′-ar, the Lay of Helgi the Son of
Hjorvarth, 14, 189, 269–290, 292, 293, 295, 298, 300, 302, 304, 309,
313, 318, 332, 358, 359, 371, 506.
Helg″-a-kvith′-a Hund″-ings-ban′-a I (en Fyr′-ri), the First Lay of
Helgi Hundingsbane, 14, 160, 215, 221, 273, 276, 281, 287, 290–308,
310, 311, 313, 316–319, 321, 322, 328, 358, 364–366, 428, 524.
Helg″-a-kvith′-a Hund″-ings-ban′-a II (On′-nur), the Second Lay of
Helgi Hundingsbane, 95, 272, 288, 289, 294, 296, 298, 306, 309–331,
366, 418, 434, 466, 543.
Helg′-i (Had″-ding-ja-skat′-i), Helgi the Haddings’-Hero, 311, 330,
331.
Helg′-i, Hjalmgunnar (?), 344, 345.
Helg′-i, son of Hjorvarth, 269–272, 276–289, 310, 311, 330, 331, 335.
Helg′-i, son of Sigmund, 221, 269, 270, 276, 289–301, 304, 306–336,
339, 340, 357, 358, 364–366, 368, 371, 446.
Hel′-reith Bryn′-hild-ar, Brynhild’s Hell-Ride, 129, 255, 345, 346,
353, 387, 388, 390, 442–447, 450, 511.
Hept″-i-fīl′-i, a dwarf, 7.
Her′-borg, queen of the Huns, 411, 413, 414.
Her′-fjot-ur, a Valkyrie, 99.
Her′-jan, Othin, 14, 103, 416.
Herk′-ja, Atli’s servant, 465, 466, 468.
Her′-mōth, son of Othin, 218.
Hers′-ir, father of Erna, 213.
Her′-teit, Othin, 103.
Her″-var-ar-sag′-a, the Saga of Hervor, 366, 484.
Her′-varth, a berserker, 225.
Her′-varth, son of Hunding, 316, 317.
Her′-vor, a swan-maiden, 254–256, 259.
Heth′-in, brother of Helgi, 271–273, 284–286, 288, 289.
Heth′-ins-ey, an island, 297.
Hild, a Valkyrie, 14, 99.
Hild, Brynhild, 444, 511.
Hild, mother of King Half, 223, 224.
Hild′-i-gun, daughter of Sækonung, 222, 223.
Hild″-i-svin′-i, a boar, 220.
Hild′-olf, a warrior, 124.
Him′-in-bjorg, Heimdall’s dwelling, 90.
Him″-in-vang′-ar, Heaven’s-Field, 293.
Hind′-ar-fjoll, Brynhild’s mountain, 383, 384, 388, 445.
Hjal′-li, Atli’s cook, 491, 492, 520, 521.
Hjalm′-ar, a warrior, 225.
Hjalm′-ber-i, Othin, 103.
Hjalm′-gun-nar, a Gothic king, 345, 390, 445.
Hjalp′-rek, father of Alf, 335, 336, 358, 359, 365, 369, 454.
Hjor′-dīs, mother of Sigurth, 226, 270, 277, 293, 333, 335, 336, 340,
341, 368, 374, 454.
Hjor′-leif, father of King Half, 223.
Hjor′-leif, follower of Helgi, 298.
Hjor′-varth, a berserker, 225.
Hjor′-varth, father of Helgi, 269–274, 276–278, 284, 287, 289, 331.
Hjor′-varth, father of Hvethna, 227.
Hjor′-varth, son of Hunding, 273, 295, 316, 317, 368.
Hlath′-guth, a swan-maiden, 254–256.
Hlē′-barth, a giant, 128.
Hlē′-bjorg, a mountain, 319, 320.
Hlē′-dīs, mother of Ottar, 222.
Hlēr, Ægir, 132, 152.
Hlēs′-ey, an island, 132, 139, 314, 478.
Hlē′-vang, a dwarf, 7.
Hlīf, Mengloth’s handmaid, 248.
Hlīf′-thras-a, Mengloth’s handmaid, 248.
Hlīn, Frigg, 22.
Hlith′-skjolf, Othin’s seat, 86, 88, 107, 108, 480, 487.
Hlokk, a Valkyrie, 99.
Hlōr′-rith-i, Thor, 135, 140, 143, 147, 149, 169, 176, 178, 182.
Hloth′-varth, follower of Helgi, 280.
Hloth′-vēr, a Frankish king, 459.
Hloth′-vēr, father of Hervor, 254–256, 259.
Hlōth′-yn, Jorth, 23.
Hlym′-dal-ir, Brynhild’s home, 444.
Hnifl′-ung, son of Hogni, 498, 515, 529.
Hnifl′-ungs, the people of Gjuki (Nibelungs), 291, 305.
Hnik′-ar, Othin, 103, 357, 366, 367.
Hnik′-uth, Othin, 103, 104.
Hǭ′-alf, a Danish king, 437, 454.
Hǭ′-alf, King Half of Horthaland, 223, 224.
Hǭ′-brōk, a hawk, 102.
Hodd′-mim-ir, Mimir, 80.
Hodd′-rof-nir, Mimir (?), 393, 394.
Hog′-ni, brother of Sigar, 312, 313.
Hog′-ni, father of Sigrun, 296, 306, 308, 312, 313, 316–319, 323, 328,
329.
Hog′-ni, son of Gjuki, 226, 343, 350, 354, 361, 404–406, 421, 425–427,
429, 431, 434, 447–449, 453, 456, 457, 459–461, 467, 469, 472, 476,
477, 482, 484–487, 490–93, 498–500, 502–506, 509, 511, 512, 514, 515,
517–521, 523, 529–533, 539, 541, 543, 546–548.
Hǭk′-on, father of Thora, 419, 454, 455.
Hol, a river, 95.
Holm′-garth, Russia, 222.
Holth, son of Karl, 209.
Hȫn′-ir, a god, 8, 20, 25, 162, 358, 359, 493.
Hǭr, a dwarf, 7.
Hǭr, Othin, 10, 51–53, 60, 103.
Horn, a river, 237.
Horn′-bor-i, a dwarf, 7.
Horth′-a-land, Half’s kingdom, 222, 223.
Hörv′-ir, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Hos′-vir, son of Thræll, 206.
Hoth, slayer of Baldr, 15, 25, 161, 198, 228.
Hoth′-brodd, son of Granmar, 269, 270, 291, 296, 297, 301, 304–306,
309, 316, 317, 319, 321, 322.
Hǭ′-tūn, Helgi’s home, 293, 298.
Hǭv″-a-mǭl′, the Ballad of the High One, 4, 28–68, 71, 75, 112, 117,
130, 188, 193, 205, 215, 236, 237, 247, 357, 367, 368, 379, 387, 393,
397.
Hǭ′-varth, son of Hunding, 295.
Hrǣ′-svelg, an eagle, 21, 78, 115.
Hran′-i, a berserker, 225.
Hrauth′-ung, ancestor of Hjordis, 226.
Hrauth′-ung, father of Geirröth, 85.
Hreim, son of Thræll, 206.
Hreith′-mar, father of Regin, 7, 357–359, 361–363.
Hrīm′-fax-i, a horse, 72.
Hrīm′-gerth, a giantess, 189, 271, 278–283.
Hrīm″-gerth-ar-mǭl′, the Ballad of Hrimgerth, 271, 278–284.
Hrīm′-grim-nir, a giant, 118.
Hrim′-nir, a giant, 115, 228.
Hring, a warrior, 306, 307.
Hring′-stath-ir, Ringsted, 293, 308.
Hring′-stoth, Ringsted (?), 293.
Hrist, a Valkyrie, 99.
Hrīth, a river, 95, 237.
Hrō′-ar, brother of Borghild (?), 334.
Hrolf (the Old), King of Gautland, 224.
Hrol′-laug, a warrior, 319, 320.
Hrō′-mund, a warrior, 331.
Hrō′-mund-ar Sag′-a Greips′-son-ar, the Saga of Hromund Greipsson, 311,
331.
Hron, a river, 95, 237.
Hrōpt, Othin, 25, 166, 393.
Hrōpt′-a-tȳr, Othin, 66, 105.
Hrȫ′-rek, King of Denmark, 227.
Hross′-thjōf, son of Hrimnir, 228.
Hrōth, a giant, 142.
Hrōth′-mar, lover of Sigrlin, 275, 276, 278, 286.
Hrōth′-vit-nir, Fenrir, 100, 164.
Hrot′-ti, a sword, 385.
Hrung′-nir, a giant, 125, 126, 143, 171, 172, 394.
Hrym, a giant, 21.
Hug′-in, a raven, 92.
Hum′-lung, son of Hjorvarth, 272, 273.
Hund′-ing, enemy of Sigmund, 269, 270, 273, 294, 295, 307, 309–311,
313, 315, 316, 326, 335, 336, 342, 343, 357, 358, 365, 368, 369.
Hund′-land, Hunding’s kingdom, 294, 310, 311.
Hver′-gel-mir, a spring, 94.
Hveth′-na, mother of Haki, 227.
Hym′-ir, a giant, 77, 138–150, 163.
Hym″-is-kvith′-a, the Lay of Hymir, 21, 77, 116, 122, 138–152, 163,
170, 174, 179, 180, 182, 183, 391.
Hym′-ling, son of Hjorvarth, 273.
Hynd′-la, a giantess, 217–220, 222, 231–233.
Hynd″-lu-ljōth′, the Poem of Hyndla, 115, 132, 154, 167, 203, 217–233,
273, 292, 307, 314, 350, 427, 454, 457.
If′-ing, a river, 72, 131.
Im, son of Vafthruthnir, 70.
Imth, a giant, 304.
Imth, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Ing′-un, sister of Njorth (?), 165.
Ing′-un-ar = Freyr, Freyr, 165.
In′-stein, father of Ottar, 220, 222, 224.
Īr′-i, a dwarf, 247.
Īs′-olf, son of Olmoth, 224.
Īs′-ung, a warrior, 297.
Ith′-a-voll, meeting-place of the gods, 5, 24.
Īth′-i, brother of Thjazi, 128.
Ith′-mund, follower of Hjorvarth, 273, 274.
Īth′-un, a goddess, 102, 113, 128, 152, 157, 158, 175.
Ī′-vald-i, a dwarf, 101.
I′-var, King of Sweden, 227.
Jafn′-hǭr, Othin, 103, 104.
Jalk, Othin, 104, 105.
Jar′-i, a dwarf, 7, 247.
Jar′-iz-leif, Atli’s emissary, 456, 457.
Jar′-iz-skār, Atli’s emissary, 456, 457.
Jarl, son of Rig, 212–215.
Jarn′-sax-a, a giantess, 125.
Jarn′-sax-a, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Jof′-ur-mar, son of Dag, 223.
Jōn′-ak, father of Hamther, 439, 447, 536, 538, 542, 546, 548, 550,
553.
Jor′-mun-rek, Ermanarich, 225, 226, 339, 407, 437, 439, 447, 451,
538–540, 546, 549, 551–554.
Jorth, Earth, 12, 23, 24, 123, 136, 170, 174, 175, 389.
Jōth, son of Jarl, 214.
Jot′-un-heim, the world of the giants, 3, 5, 6, 21, 107, 111, 128,
179–181, 186.
Kār′-a, daughter of Halfdan, 272, 310, 311, 314, 316, 330, 331, 345.
Kār′-i, ancestor of Ketil, 224.
Karl, son of Rig, 208, 209.
Kār″-u-ljōth′, the Poem of Kara, 272, 311, 314, 315, 331.
Kef′-sir, son of Thræll, 206.
Ker′-laug, a river, 96.
Ket′-il Horth′-a = Kār′-i, husband of Hildigun, 223, 224.
Kīl′-i, a dwarf, 7.
Kjal′-ar, Othin, 104.
Kjār, father of Olrun, 254–256, 485.
Kleg′-gi, son of Thræll, 206.
Klūr, son of Thræll, 206.
Klypp, father of Ketil, 223.
Knē′-fröth, Atli’s messenger, 448, 482, 483, 502.
Kolg′-a, daughter of Ægir, 299.
Kon, son of Rig, 201, 209, 210, 214, 215, 236, 256, 306.
Kormt, a river, 96.
Kost′-ber-a, wife of Hogni, 449, 500, 502–506, 510.
Kumb′-a, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Kund, son of Jarl, 214.
Lǣ′-gjarn, Loki, 245.
Lǣ′-rāth, Yggdrasil, 94.
Lǣv′-a-tein, a sword, 245.
Lauf′-ey, mother of Loki, 9, 157, 168, 177–179.
Leg′-gjald-i, son of Thræll, 206.
Leipt, a river, 95, 323.
Leir′-brim-ir, Ymir (?), 242.
Lētt′-fet-i, a horse, 96.
Līf, mother of the new race, 80.
Līf′-thras-ir, father of the new race, 80.
Lim′-a-fjord, a fjord, 501, 510.
Lit, a dwarf, 7.
Ljōth′-a-tal, the List of Charms, 28, 44, 60, 63, 236.
Lodd′-fāf-nir, a singer, 28, 52–59, 67.
Lodd″-fāf-nis-mǭl′, the Ballad of Loddfafnir, 28, 67, 387, 397.
Lof′-ar, a dwarf, 7, 8.
Lofn′-heith, daughter of Hreithmar, 363.
Log′-a-fjoll, a mountain, 294, 295, 316, 317.
Lok″-a-sen′-na, Loki’s Wrangling, 4, 16, 26, 102, 107, 130, 134, 139,
151–175, 177, 178, 180, 184, 196, 218, 228, 232, 236, 256, 306.
Lok′-i, a god, 1, 8, 9, 11, 15–17, 21, 22, 25, 101, 102, 128, 130, 134,
146, 149–173, 175–179, 196, 198, 200, 228, 230–232, 245–247, 303,
357–362, 417, 493.
Lōn′-i, a dwarf, 7.
Lopt, Loki, 154, 231, 245.
Loth′-in, a giant, 282.
Lōth′-ur, Loki, 8, 9, 154.
Lūt, son of Thræll, 206.
Lyf′-ja-berg, a mountain, 248, 251.
Lyng′-heith, daughter of Hreithmar, 363, 364.
Lyng′-vi, son of Hunding, 336, 368, 369.
Lȳr, Mengloth’s hall, 247.
Mag′-ni, son of Thor, 82, 125, 135.
Mān′-i, Moon, 74, 75, 99.
Meil′-i, brother of Thor, 125.
Mēln′-ir, a horse, 306.
Men′-gloth, beloved of Svipdag, 234–236, 238, 239, 241, 248–251, 350,
388, 441.
Men′-ja, a giantess, 436.
Mīm (or Mīm′-ir), a water-spirit, 12, 13, 20, 61, 81, 242, 393, 394.
Mīm′-a-meith, Yggdrasil, 242, 243.
Mīm′-ir, brother of Regin, 359.
Mist, a Valkyrie, 99, 305.
Mith′-garth, the world of men, 3, 4, 92, 100, 101, 129, 186, 221, 223.
Mith″-garths-orm′, a serpent, 17, 21, 23, 24, 122, 139, 145, 146, 170,
196, 230.
Mith′-vit-nir, a giant, 104.
Mjoll′-nir, Thor’s hammer, 82, 126, 149, 169–171, 174, 181.
Mjoth′-vit-nir, a dwarf, 6, 7.
Mog, son of Jarl, 214.
Mog′-thras-ir, a giant (?), 82.
Mō′-in, a serpent, 98.
Mō″-ins-heim′-ar, a battlefield, 304, 322.
Morn′-a-land, an eastern country, 470.
Mōth′-i, son of Thor, 82, 148.
Mōth′-ir, mother of Jarl, 204, 210–212.
Mōt′-sog-nir, a dwarf, 6.
Mund″-il-fer′-i, father of Sol, 5, 74, 99.
Mun′-in, a raven, 92.
Mū′-spell, father of the fire-dwellers, 22, 165.
Mū′-spells-heim, home of the fire-dwellers, 3, 21, 73, 100.
Mȳln′-ir, a horse, 306.
Myrk′-heim, Myrkwood (Atli’s land), 498.
Myrk′-wood, a forest in Atli’s land, 476, 483, 484, 487, 498.
Myrk′-wood, a forest in Hothbrodd’s land, 306.
Myrk′-wood, a forest in Muspellsheim, 165.
Myrk′-wood, a forest in Nithuth’s land, 255, 256.
Nab′-bi, a dwarf, 220.
Nagl′-far, a ship, 21.
Nāin, a dwarf, 6.
Nal, Laufey, 168.
Nāl′-i, a dwarf, 7.
Nan′-na, daughter of Nokkvi, 224.
Nan′-na, wife of Baldr, 91.
Nār, a dwarf, 6.
Narf′-i, Nor, 75, 192.
Narf′-i, son of Loki, 16, 167, 172, 173.
Nā′-strond, Corpse-Strand, 17.
Nep, father of Nanna, 91.
Ner′-i, a giant (?), 292.
Nifl′-heim, the world of the dead, 3, 94.
Nifl′-hel, land of the dead, 80, 196.
Nifl′-ungs, the people of Gjuki (Nibelungs), 408, 447, 448, 486, 487,
489, 492, 493, 515, 517, 541.
Nīp′-ing, a dwarf, 6.
Nith, son of Jarl, 214.
Nith′-a-fjoll, a mountain, 16, 26, 27.
Nith″-a-vel′-lir, home of the dwarfs, 3, 16.
Nīth′-hogg, a dragon, 17, 26, 27, 97–99.
Nith′-i, a dwarf, 6.
Nith′-jung, son of Jarl, 214.
Nīth′-uth, king of the Njars, 253–255, 257–268.
Njāls′-sag-a, the Saga of Njal, 399.
Njars, the people of Nithuth, 254, 257, 259, 265, 268.
Njorth, a Wane, 9, 10, 78, 79, 90, 91, 101, 107, 108, 119, 120, 128,
152, 161–163, 165, 167, 175, 179, 180, 228.
Nō′-a-tūn, home of Njorth, 90, 91, 108, 179, 180.
Nokk′-vi, father of Nanna, 224.
Non, a river, 95.
Nor (or Norv′-i), father of Not, 75, 192.
Nōr′-i, a dwarf, 6.
Norn″-a-gests-thāttr′, the Story of Nornagest, 336, 356, 364, 369, 442,
444, 445.
North′-ri, a dwarf, 6.
Not, a river, 95.
Nǭt, Night, 66, 75, 192, 389.
Nȳ′-i, a dwarf, 6.
Nȳr, a dwarf, 7.
Nȳ′-rāth, a dwarf, 7.
Nyt, a river, 95.
Odd′-rūn, sister of Atli, 420, 438, 448, 449, 469–474, 476, 478, 479.
Odd″-rūn-ar-grātr′, the Lament of Oddrun, 132, 420, 438, 447, 449, 450,
469–479, 483, 494, 522, 532.
Ofn′-ir, a serpent, 98.
Ofn′-ir, Othin, 105.
Ō′-in, father of Andvari, 360.
Ökk″-vin-kalf′-a, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Ō′-kōl-nir, a volcano (?), 16.
Ol′-mōth, father of Isolf, 224.
Ol′-rūn, a swan-maiden, 254–257, 485.
Ōm′-i, Othin, 104.
Ōn′-ar, a dwarf, 6.
Ōr′-i, a dwarf, 8, 247.
Ork′-ning, brother of Kostbera, 449, 509, 510, 517.
Ormt, a river, 96.
Orv′-and-il, husband of Groa, 234.
Orv′-ar = Odd, a warrior, 225.
Orv′-ar = Odds′-sag-a, the Saga of Orvar-Odd, 225.
Orv′-a-sund, a bay, 298.
Ōsk′-i, Othin, 104.
Ō′-skōp-nir, an island, 376.
Ōs′-olf, son of Olmoth, 224.
Ōth, husband of Freyja, 11, 12, 161, 220, 232.
Ōth′-in, chief of the gods, 1, 3, 4, 8–15, 19–26, 28, 32, 45, 48–53,
60–63, 66, 68–84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 97, 98, 101–106, 108, 114,
117, 121, 122, 125, 126, 129, 131, 133, 134, 136, 139–141, 145, 149,
151, 152, 155, 157–160, 166, 167, 170, 174, 179, 182, 185, 195–200,
202, 203, 213, 218, 219, 221, 226, 228–231, 236, 274, 293–295, 302,
308, 319, 323–327, 330, 332, 335, 339, 342, 357–359, 361, 365, 366,
371, 372, 384, 390, 393–395, 416, 428, 445, 474, 483, 487, 493, 494,
553.
Oth′-lings, a mythical race, 221, 223, 226.
Ōth′-rör-ir, a goblet, 51, 61.
Ōtr, brother of Regin, 358, 359, 362.
Ōt′-tar, a warrior, 217–227, 231–233.
Rǣv′-il, a sea-king, 366.
Rag′-nar Loth′-brōk, a Danish king, 366.
Rand′-grīth, a Valkyrie, 99.
Rand′-vēr, son of Jormunrek, 439, 538, 551.
Rand′-vēr, son of Rathbarth, 227.
Ran′-i, Othin, 236.
Rat′-a-tosk, a squirrel, 97.
Rāth′-barth, a Russian king, 227.
Rāth′-grīth, a Valkyrie, 99.
Rāths′-ey, an island, 124.
Rāth′-svith, a dwarf, 7.
Rat′-i, a gimlet, 50.
Reg′-in, a dwarf, 7, 359.
Reg′-in, son of Hreithmar, 7, 343, 356–359, 361–366, 369–372, 377–383,
403.
Reg′-in-leif, a Valkyrie, 99.
Reg″-ins-mǭl′, the Ballad of Regin, 7, 8, 114, 151, 270, 295, 308, 333,
336, 342, 343, 356–371, 376, 378, 384, 386, 387, 402, 411, 426, 428,
448, 450, 493, 538.
Reif′-nir, a berserker, 225.
Rīg, Heimdall (?), 3, 201–204, 207, 208, 210–212, 215, 216.
Rigs′-thul-a, the Song of Rig, 3, 90, 167, 183, 201–216, 230, 428, 484.
Rīn, a river, 95.
Rind, mother of Vali, 198, 236.
Rin′-nand-i, a river, 95.
Rist′-il, daughter of Karl, 210.
Rith′-il, a sword, 380.
Rog′-a-land, Norway, 281.
Rog′-heim, Home of Battle, 289.
Rǭn, wife of Ægir, 280, 300, 359.
Rosk′-va, sister of Thjalfi, 141.
Roth′-uls-fjoll, a mountain, 289.
Roth′-uls-voll, a field, 276.
Ruth, a river, 237.
Sǣ′-far-i, father of Ulf, 222.
Sǣ′-hrim-nir, a boar, 92.
Sæk′-in, a river, 95.
Sǣ′-kon-ung, father of Hildigun, 223.
Sǣ′-morn, a river, 275.
Sǣ′-reith, wife of Hjorvarth, 272, 273.
Sǣ′-var-stath, an island, 261, 262.
Sāg′-a, a goddess, 89, 302.
Sal′-gof-nir, a cock, 329.
Sāms′-ey, an island, 160.
Sann′-get-al, Othin, 103.
Sath, Othin, 103.
Sax′-i, a southern king, 467.
Segg, son of Karl, 209.
Sess′-rym-nir, Freyja’s hall, 91, 175.
Sev′-a-fjoll, Sigrun’s home, 319, 323, 325, 327–329.
Sif, Thor’s wife, 88, 101, 134, 140, 143, 148, 151, 157, 168, 180, 184.
Sig′-ar, a Danish king, 293.
Sig′-ar, brother of Hogni, 312, 313.
Sig′-ar, father of Siggeir, 455.
Sig′-ar, Helgi’s messenger, 287, 288.
Sig′-ars-holm, an island, 277.
Sig′-ars-voll, a battlefield, 277, 287, 293.
Sig′-fath-er, Othin, 23, 103, 104, 170.
Sig′-geir, husband of Signy, 302, 303, 332, 455.
Sig′-mund, son of Sigurth, 407, 424, 428, 429, 456, 460.
Sig′-mund, son of Volsung, 218, 219, 226, 270, 276, 290–295, 301, 302,
307, 310, 311, 315, 317, 318, 330–336, 341, 364–366, 368, 369, 373,
374, 388, 389, 432, 455.
Sig′-nȳ, sister of Sigmund, 270, 290, 293, 302, 332, 333, 455.
Sigr′-drif-a, Brynhild, 296, 384–386, 388, 390, 391, 403.
Sigr″-drif-u-mǭl′, the Ballad of the Victory-Bringer, 4, 99, 100, 119,
151, 293, 339, 344, 356, 357, 370, 381, 384–403, 411, 442, 444, 445,
450, 470, 472.
Sigr′-lin, wife of Hjorvarth, 271–276, 287.
Sig′-rūn, wife of Helgi, 14, 269, 270, 289, 296, 299, 300, 306, 307,
309–316, 318–320, 323, 325–330, 339, 345.
Sig′-trygg, a king, 222.
Sig′-tȳr, Othin, 494.
Sig′-urth, son of Sigmund, 8, 226, 234, 260, 269, 270, 273, 277, 293,
295, 296, 303, 308, 333, 335–359, 361–380, 382–389, 391, 395, 396, 400,
402–407, 409–412, 414–433, 435, 437, 439–442, 445–448, 450–457, 460,
465, 469, 475, 476, 481, 484, 490, 493, 513, 518, 523, 532–534,
536–544, 546–548.
Sig″-urth-a-kvith′-a en Skam′-ma, the Short Lay of Sigurth, 93, 241,
308, 407, 410, 416–441, 443, 448–450, 453, 459, 470, 475, 488, 493,
534, 538, 539, 543, 547.
Sig′-urth Ring, son of Randver, 227.
Sig′-yn, wife of Loki, 16, 167, 172, 173.
Silf′-rin-topp, a horse, 96.
Sind′-ri, a dwarf, 16.
Sin′-fjot-li, son of Sigmund, 270, 290, 293, 300–304, 307, 309, 318,
321, 322, 332–335.
Sin′-ir, a horse, 96.
Sin′-mor-a, a giantess, 243, 245–247.
Sin′-rjōth, wife of Hjorvarth, 272, 273.
Sīth, a river, 95.
Sīth′-gran-i, Othin, 185.
Sīth′-hott, Othin, 103.
Sīth′-skegg, Othin, 103.
Skāf′-ith, a dwarf, 8.
Skāld″-skap-ar-māl, the Treatise on Poetics, 189, 192, 221, 274, 359,
370, 538, 547.
Skat′-a-lund, a forest, 445.
Skath′-i, a goddess, 90, 108, 128, 152, 157, 167, 168, 172, 180, 228.
Skegg′-jold, a Valkyrie, 99.
Skeith′-brim-ir, a horse, 96.
Skek′-kil, father of Skurhild, 224.
Skelf′-ir, a king, 221.
Skilf′-ing, Othin, 105, 221.
Skilf′-ings, descendants of Skelfir, 221, 223.
Skin′-fax-i, a horse, 71, 96.
Skirf′-ir, a dwarf, 8.
Skirn′-ir, Freyr’s servant, 107–115, 119, 120, 152.
Skirn″-is-mǭl′, the Ballad of Skirnir, 21, 22, 78, 86, 88, 101,
107–121, 126, 149, 152, 162, 163, 165, 174, 175, 193, 218, 228, 282,
360.
Skīth′-blath-nir, a ship, 101, 102.
Skjold, a Danish king, 221.
Skjöld″-ung-a-sag′-a, the Saga of the Skjoldungs, 216.
Skjold′-ungs, descendants of Skjold, 221–223.
Skog′-ul, a Valkyrie, 14, 99.
Skoll, a wolf, 18, 81, 93, 100.
Skor′-u-strond, home of Varin, 281.
Skrȳm′-ir, a giant, 122, 130, 170, 171.
Skuld, a Norn, 9.
Skuld, a Valkyrie, 14.
Skûr′-hild, daughter of Skekkil, 224.
Slag′-fith, brother of Völund, 254–257.
Sleip′-nir, Othin’s horse, 97, 102, 126, 160, 196, 230, 342, 394.
Slīth, a river, 16, 95.
Smith, son of Karl, 209.
Snǣ′-fjoll, a mountain, 293.
Snǣv′-ar, son of Hogni, 449, 487, 509, 517.
Snör, wife of Karl, 209.
Snōt, daughter of Karl, 210.
Sogn, a bay, 305.
Sǭg′-u-nes, a cape, 302.
Sokk′-mīm-ir, a giant, 104.
Sökk′-va-bekk, Saga’s dwelling, 88, 89.
Sōl, Sun, 74, 75, 79.
Sōl′-ar, son of Hogni, 449, 487, 509, 517.
Sōl′-bjart, father of Svipdag, 250.
Sōl′-blind-i, a dwarf, 241.
Sōl′-fjoll, a mountain, 293.
Sōl′-heim-ar, Hothbrodd’s home, 304.
Sorl′-i, son of Jonak, 361, 439, 536, 538, 540, 545, 546, 548–550,
552–555.
Spar′-ins-heith, Sparin’s Heath, 306.
Spor′-vit-nir, a horse, 306.
Sprak′-ki, daughter of Karl, 210.
Sprund, daughter of Karl, 210.
Stafns′-nes, a cape, 298.
Stark′-ath, son of Granmar, 316, 319, 320.
Stor′-verk, father of Starkath, 320.
Strond, a river, 95.
Styr′-kleif-ar, a battlefield, 319, 320.
Sun, son of Jarl, 214.
Surt, a giant, 18, 20–22, 73, 82, 110, 165, 243, 376.
Suth′-ri, a dwarf, 6.
Sut′-tung, a giant, 32, 50–52, 117, 187, 193.
Svaf′-nir, a king, 273–275, 278.
Svaf′-nir, a serpent, 98.
Svaf′-nir, Othin, 105.
Svafr′-thor-in, Mengloth’s grandfather, 241.
Sval′-in, a shield, 100, 394.
Svan, father of Sæfari, 222.
Svan′-hild, daughter of Sigurth, 226, 339, 407, 437, 439, 447, 448,
537, 538, 540–542, 546, 551.
Svan′-ni, daughter of Karl, 210.
Svār′-ang, a giant, 131.
Svar′-in, a hill, 300, 316, 317.
Svar′-ri, daughter of Karl, 210.
Svart″-alf-a-heim′, the world of the dark elves, 3, 187.
Svart′-hofth-i, a magician, 229.
Svath″-il-far′-i, a stallion, 102, 159, 160, 196, 230.
Svāv′-a, daughter of Eylimi, 14, 270, 271, 276–278, 282, 284, 285,
287–289, 311, 313, 335, 339, 345.
Svāv′-a, wife of Sækonung, 223.
Svāv′-a-land, Svafnir’s country, 273, 275, 276, 278.
Svegg′-juth, a horse, 304, 305.
Svein, son of Jarl, 214.
Sver″-ris-sag′-a, the Saga of Sverrir, 370.
Svip′-al, Othin, 103.
Svip′-dag, son of Solbjart, 234–236, 238–250.
Svip″-dags-mǭl′, the Ballad of Svipdag, 60, 81, 154, 234–251, 350, 388,
441, 472.
Svip′-uth, a horse, 304, 305.
Svith′-rir, Othin, 104.
Svith′-ur, Othin, 104.
Svī′-ur, a dwarf, 7.
Svol, a river, 95.
Svǭs′-uth, father of Summer, 75.
Sylg, a river, 95.
Thakk′-rāth, Nithuth’s thrall, 268.
Thegn, son of Karl, 209.
Thekk, a dwarf, 7.
Thekk, Othin, 103.
Thīr, wife of Thræll, 206.
Thith″-reks-sag′-a, the Saga of Theoderich, 252, 254, 262, 265, 267,
268, 359, 410, 426, 530.
Thjalf′-i, Thor’s servant, 126, 127, 133, 141, 149.
Thjaz′-i, a giant, 89, 90, 128, 152, 167, 168, 175, 228.
Thjōth′-mar, father of Thjothrek, 466, 467.
Thjoth′-num-a, a river, 95.
Thjōth′-rek, Theoderich, 451, 465–467, 517.
Thjōth′-rör-ir, a dwarf, 66.
Thjōth′-var-a, Mengloth’s handmaid, 248.
Thjōth′-vit-nir, Skoll, 93.
Thol, a river, 95.
Tholl′-ey, an island, 282.
Thōr, a god, 12, 23, 24, 82, 83, 88, 93, 94, 96, 121–149, 151, 152,
168–171, 174, 176, 178–180, 182–193, 219, 228, 234, 303, 394.
Thōr′-a, daughter of Hokon, 419, 454, 455.
Thōr′-a, wife of Dag, 222, 454.
Thōr′-in, a dwarf, 7.
Thōr′-ir, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Thōrs′-nes, a cape, 303.
Thrǣll, son of Rig, 205, 206.
Thrāin, a dwarf, 7.
Thrith′-i, Othin, 103.
Thrōr, a dwarf, 7.
Thrōr, Othin, 104.
Thrūth, a Valkyrie, 99.
Thrūth, daughter of Thor, 184.
Thrūth′-gel-mir, a giant, 76, 77.
Thrūth′-heim, Thor’s home, 88.
Thrym, a giant, 174, 176, 177, 179–182.
Thrym′-gjol, a gate, 241.
Thrym′-heim, Thjazi’s home, 89, 90.
Thryms′-kvith-a, the Lay of Thrym, 12, 82, 107, 122, 128, 129, 143,
159, 166, 169, 174–183, 185, 195, 210, 252, 274, 471.
Thund, a river, 93.
Thund, Othin, 63, 105.
Thuth, Othin, 103.
Thyn, a river, 95.
Tind, a berserker, 225.
Tot″-rug-hyp′-ja, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Tron″-u-bein′-a, daughter of Thræll, 207.
Tron′-u-eyr, Crane-Strand, 298.
Tveg′-gi, Othin, 25.
Tȳr, a god, 18, 140–143, 147–149, 152, 163, 164, 228, 391.
Tyrf′-ing, a berserker, 225.
Ulf, follower of Hrolf, 224.
Ulf, son of Sæfari, 222.
Ulf′-dal-ir, Völund’s home, 254, 255, 257, 259.
Ulf′-rūn, mother of Heimdall, 229.
Ulf′-sjār, a lake, 254, 255.
Ull, a god, 88, 100, 228, 494.
Un″-a-vāg′-ar, a harbor, 300.
Un′-i, a dwarf, 247.
Urth, a Norn, 9, 52, 96, 236, 250, 251.
Ūt′-garth-a=Lok′-i, a giant, 122, 130.
Uth, daughter of Ægir, 323, 466.
Uth, Othin, 103.
Vaf′-thrūth-nir, a giant, 68–83.
Vaf″-thrūth-nis-mǭl′, the Ballad of Vafthruthnir, 4, 5, 21, 68–84, 99,
100, 115, 116, 131, 141, 149, 152, 174, 183, 192, 242, 247, 360, 368,
375, 376, 378.
Vak, Othin, 105.
Vāl′-a-skjolf, Othin’s home, 88.
Val′-bjorg, Grimhild’s land, 461.
Vald′-ar, a Danish king, 456, 457.
Val′-fath-er, Othin, 3, 12, 104.
Val′-grind, a gate, 93.
Val′-hall, Othin’s hall, 3, 14, 15, 25, 79, 88, 89, 92–94, 218, 220,
232, 325, 326, 441, 474, 480, 483.
Vāl′-i, a god, 15, 82, 198, 227, 228, 236.
Vāl′-i, son of Loki, 16, 167, 172, 173.
Val′-land, Slaughter-Land, 129, 136, 254, 255, 443.
Val′-tam, father of Vegtam, 197.
Vam, a river, 165.
Van′-a-heim, home of the Wanes, 3, 187.
Vand′-ils-vē, a shrine, 324.
Van′-ir, the Wanes, 1, 10.
Var, a dwarf, 247.
Var′-in, a Norwegian king (?), 281, 302.
Var′-ins-fjord, a bay, 298, 299.
Vār′-kald, father of Vindkald, 240.
Vath′-gel-mir, a river, 360.
Vē, brother of Othin, 4, 26, 160.
Veg′-dras-il, a dwarf, 247.
Veg′-svin, a river, 95.
Veg′-tam, Othin, 195, 197, 199.
Veg″-tams-kvith′-a, the Lay of Vegtam, 195.
Vel″-ents-sag′-a, the Saga of Velent, 252.
Ver′-a-tȳr, Othin, 87, 88.
Ver′-land, Land of Men, 136.
Verth′-and-i, a Norn, 9.
Vestr′-i, a dwarf, 6.
Vestr′-sal-ir, Rind’s home, 198.
Vethr′-fol-nir, a hawk, 97.
Vē′-ur, Thor, 142, 144, 145.
Vīf, daughter of Karl, 210.
Vīg′-blǣr, Helgi’s horse, 325.
Vīg′-dal-ir, Battle-Dale, 324, 325.
Vigg, a dwarf, 7.
Vīg′-rith, a field, 73, 376.
Vil′-i, brother of Othin, 4, 26, 160.
Vil′-meith, a dwarf (?), 229.
Vil′-mund, lover of Borgny, 469–472.
Vin, a river, 95.
Vin′-bjorg, Grimhild’s land, 461.
Vind′-alf, a dwarf, 7.
Vind′-heim, Wind-Home, 25, 26.
Vind′-kald, Svipdag, 240.
Vind′-ljōn-i, Vindsval, 75.
Vind′-sval, father of Winter, 75.
Ving′-i, Atli’s messenger, 448, 482, 501, 502, 510, 512–514, 517.
Ving′-nir, Thor, 82, 135, 174.
Ving′-skorn-ir, a horse, 384.
Ving′-thor, Thor, 135, 174, 185, 186.
Vīn′-ǭ, a river, 95.
Virf′-ir, a dwarf, 8.
Vit, a dwarf, 7.
Vīth, a river, 95.
Vīth′-ar, a god, 23, 82, 83, 91, 152, 155, 156, 164, 170, 228.
Vith′-ga, son of Völund, 268.
Vith′-i, Vithar’s land, 91.
Vith′-of-nir, a cock, 243, 245, 246.
Vīth′-olf, a dwarf (?), 229.
Vith′-rir, Othin, 160, 295.
Vith′-ur, Othin, 104.
Vǭf′-uth, Othin, 105.
Vols′-ung, father of Sigmund, 218, 219, 226, 270, 293, 302, 307, 310,
332–334, 366, 421.
Vols″-ung-a-sag′-a, the Saga of the Volsungs, 218, 226, 270, 276, 297,
299, 301, 332–334, 336, 340, 342, 345, 349, 350, 352, 353, 356, 361,
365, 366, 368, 370, 371, 373, 375, 377–379, 381, 383, 386, 391, 395,
396, 399, 400, 402, 403, 405, 407, 410–412, 418, 419, 425, 427, 433,
438, 440, 448, 450, 453, 455–458, 465, 469, 477, 478, 480, 486, 487,
500, 506, 508, 512–514, 518–522, 525–530, 532, 534, 537, 538, 543, 549,
550, 553, 554.
Vols′-ungs, descendants of Volsung, 269–272, 290–292, 306–311, 318,
319, 332, 333, 339, 421, 422, 425, 428.
Völ′-und, a smith, 252–262, 264–268, 527.
Völ″-und-ar-kvith′-a, the Lay of Völund, 129, 252–268, 296, 303, 319,
437, 443, 444, 471, 485, 493, 527.
Vol″-u-spǭ′, the Wise-Woman’s Prophecy, 1–28, 52, 61, 62, 68, 69,
73–75, 77, 78, 80–83, 89–91, 93, 95–97, 99–102, 108, 110, 112–115, 129,
136, 140, 145, 146, 152, 154, 156, 160–164, 166, 170, 172–174, 176,
178, 179, 186, 188, 195, 196, 198, 200, 203, 217, 218, 220, 223,
227–232, 236, 242, 243, 245, 247, 254, 276, 291, 293, 296, 314, 319,
359, 360, 375, 393, 394, 416, 444, 508, 542.
Vǭn, a river, 95.
Vond, a river, 95.
Vǭr, a goddess, 181.
Y′-dal-ir, Ull’s home, 88.
Ygg, Othin, 70, 105, 140, 384.
Ygg′-dras-il, the world-ash, 1, 3, 4, 9, 12, 17, 20, 27, 60, 62, 81,
94, 96–98, 102, 242, 243.
Ylf′-ings, a Danish race, 221, 291, 292, 301, 305, 307, 311, 313–315,
329.
Ylg, a river, 95.
Ym′-ir, a giant, 4, 6, 17, 74, 76, 77, 100, 229, 242.
Yng (or Yng′-vi), son of Halfdan the Old, 221, 307, 308, 364, 365.
Yng″-ling-a-sag′-a, the Saga of the Ynglings, 160, 163.
Yng′-lings, descendants of Yng, 221, 223, 307.
Yng′-vi, a dwarf, 8.
Yng′-vi, son of Hring, 306.
Yng′-vi, Yng, 221, 307, 308, 364, 365.
Ys′-ja, daughter of Thræll, 207.