mis take ex plain ing pro long
mis tak en ex pect
ex pect ed
ex cuse
ex press
ex am ple
ex treme ly
IX.
_ap_ _ad_ _af_
ap pear ad mit af fec tion
ap pear ing ad mit ting af ter
ad mit ted
ad mit tance
ad dress
ad di tion
X.
_at_ _an ab_
at tic an i mal
at tract wom an
at tend ab sent
at ten tion
XI.
_ness_ _less_ _some_
cold ness weak ness end less some times
ill ness sick ness help less some thing
lame ness wil der ness home less lone some
like ness fear less moth er less hand some
near ness friend less fath er less win some
XII.
_ob_ _or_ _ph = f_
ob tain par lor Phil ip
ob tains mir ror el e phant
ob tained or gan pho to gra ph
ob tain ing or chard s phere
XIII.
SUMMARY.
y ies ly ful ure
age le ous tion in
en il el ed est
a be de re pre
dis mis ex ap ad
af at an ab ob
ness less some or ph = f
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF POEMS.
The teacher may read the following poems to the children in
connection with the reading lessons in the Second Reader.
SEPTEMBER.
"September," by Helen Hunt Jackson. _Book: Jackson's Poems._
"Hiawatha's Childhood," by Henry W. Longfellow. _Book: Longfellow's
Poems._
Lines beginning: "By the shores of Gitchee Gumee" to
"called them 'Hiawatha's Brother's.'"
Selections from Hiawatha's Fasting.
The first day of his fasting.
The fourth day of his fasting, lines beginning: "To-morrow
is the last day of your fasting."
The seventh day of his fasting, lines beginning: "Day by
day did Hiawatha."
"The Little Elf," by John Kendrick Bangs.
_Book: "The Posy Ring," (Selections) Wiggin &
Smith (Eds.)._
OCTOBER.
"The Mountain and the Squirrel," by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
_Book: Emerson's Poems._
"Robin Redbreast," by William Allingham.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
"Lullaby of the Iroquois," by E. Pauline Johnson.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow," (Selections)
McMurry and Cook (Eds.)._
"Hiawatha's Sailing," by Henry W. Longfellow.
_Book: Longfellow's Poems._
NOVEMBER.
"The Story of a Seed," from _The Youth's Companion._
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"Little Red Riding Hood," by John G. Whittier.
_Book: Whittier's Poems._
"Selections from the Barefoot Boy," by John G. Whittier.
_Book: Whittier's Poems._
"The Boy and the Sheep," by Ann Taylor.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
DECEMBER.
"Little Fir Trees," by Evaleen Stein.
_Book: "St. Nicholas."_
"Why do Bells for Christmas Ring?" by Eugene Field.
_Book: "Lullaby Land."_
"The Sugar-Plum Tree," by Eugene Field.
_Book: "Lullaby Land."_
"A Visit from St. Nicholas," by Clement C. Moore.
_Book: "Child Life," (Selections) John G. Whittier
(Ed.)._
JANUARY.
"What the Wood Fire Said to the Little Boy," by Frank L. Stanton.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"The Snow," from _The Youth's Companion._
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"The Frost," by Hannah F. Gould.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
"Talking in Their Sleep," by Edith M. Thomas.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
FEBRUARY.
"The Village Blacksmith," by Henry W. Longfellow.
_Book: Longfellow's Poems._
"From My Arm Chair," by Henry W. Longfellow.
_Book: Longfellow's Poems._
"The Children's Hour," by Henry W. Longfellow.
_Book: Longfellow's Poems._
"Time to Rise"; "Bed in Summer," by Robert Louis Stevenson.
_Book: "A Child's Garden of Verses."_
MARCH.
"The Windmill," by Henry W. Longfellow.
_Book: Longfellow's Poems._
"The Wind," by Robert Louis Stevenson.
_Book: "A Child's Garden of Verses."_
"My Shadow," by Robert Louis Stevenson.
_Book: "A Child's Garden of Verses."_
"The Lost Doll," by Charles Kingsley.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
APRIL.
"The Brown Thrush," by Lucy Larcom.
_Book: "Childhood Songs."_
"Wild Geese," by Celia Thaxter.
_Book: "Poems for Children."_
"The Song of the Lilies," by Lucy Wheelock.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"What is Pink?" by Christina G. Rossetti.
_Book: "Sing-Song."_
MAY.
"Baby Seed Song," by E. Nesbit.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
"Calling the Violet," by Lucy Larcom.
_Book: "Childhood Songs."_
"The Bluebird," by Emily Huntington Miller.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
"Spring," by Celia Thaxter.
_Book: "Poems for Children."_
JUNE.
"Mabel on Midsummer Day," by Mary Howitt.
"The Fairies of the Caldron-Low," by Mary Howitt.
"The Fairy Folk," by Robert Bird.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
"Seven Times One," by Jean Bigelow.
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
JULY.
"Flag Song," by Mrs. Coonley-Ward.
_Book: "Wilson's History Reader."_
"Independence Bell." (Author unknown.)
_Book: "Williams's Choice Literature, Book II."_
"The Flag Goes By," from _The Youth's Companion._
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"The Star-Spangled Banner," by Francis Scott Key.
_Book: "Williams's Choice Literature, Book II."_
AUGUST.
"The Song of the Crickets," by Emily Huntington Miller.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"The Spider and the Fly," by Mary Howitt.
_Book: "Songs of the Tree-Top and Meadow."_
"Wynken, Blynken and Nod," by Eugene Field.
_Book: "Lullaby Land."_
"Old Gaelic Lullaby." (Author unknown.)
_Book: "The Posy Ring."_
LATER WORK.
After the third half year any series of readers may be used. The
literature of childhood, carefully selected and edited, should form
the subject-matter of these reading books.
Phonic lessons based as far as possible upon the words found in the
readers should be practised daily during the first three years. This
later work does not differ from that of the preceding phonic lessons.
CONSONANT SOUNDS.
+BREATH SOUNDS.+ +VOCAL SOUNDS.+
h-
wh w-
p b m
t d n l r-
k g ng
f v
th th
s z
sh zh
ch j y-
{qu = kwh}
{x = ks }
+EQUIVALENT SPELLINGS.+
c = k cat ge } = j age
ce } cent dge } bridge
ci } = s city ph = f elephant
cy } bicycle s = z is, has
Based on Chart of Consonant Sounds used in Clarke School,
Northampton, Mass.
1. Two consonant sounds may be omitted from the phonic
work in the primary grades.
(_a_) Omit the breath sound of _th_ as in _thin_, _thick_,
_thank_, since the vocal sound as in _this_, _then_, _they_ is more
often in the child's vocabulary. It will be confusing to have two
sounds for the same symbol.
(_b_) The _zh_ sound as heard in _pleasure_, _measure_,
_treasure_, does not occur in the Summers Readers and therefore is
omitted. Let the symbol _s_ at first represent the breath sound as
in _sit_.
2. _p_, _b_, and _m_ are in a horizontal line indicating that
all are made by the same organs of speech.
_t_, _d_, _n_, _l_, _r_, all have the point of the tongue as the
active organ and the upper gum as the passive organ in articulation.
_q_ and _x_ are not elementary sounds. They are double breath
consonants. qu = kwh. x = ks.
VOWEL SOUNDS.
Short a at Short o hop
Long a-e ate Long o-e hope
Italian a(r) arm Short oo foot
aw saw Long oo food
air fair ow cow
a ask oy boy
Short e bed ore more
Long ee bee Short u us
Short i pin Long u-e use
Long i-e pine ur fur
COMMON EQUIVALENT SPELLINGS.
a-e = ay, ai day, train
ee = ea, -e each, me
i-e = -y, igh my, high
o-e = -o, oa so, coat
u-e = ew new, view
aw = all, or call, corn
ow = ou out, found
oy = oi boil
ur = er, ir her, sir
Three vowel sounds may be omitted from the phonic work in the
primary grades. The sounds in _ask_, _fair_, and _more_ should be
used with accuracy by the teacher, since the child is at the most
imitative and impressionable stage. In the early phonic work it will
confuse the child if he is taught two sounds for the same symbol. In
this Manual the symbol _a_ means invariably _a_ (short) as in _cat_,
therefore such words as _ask_, _chance_, _after_ are taught through
the series idea. _Fair_, _hair_, _bore_, _more_ are taught in the
same manner.
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