[14] he — life, +in seinem Leben, daß er sich schlug+.
[15] Place the conj. ‘but’ after the subject, and, for the sake of
emphasis, repeat the pron. ‘I’ after the rel. pron. ‘+der+’, which must
introduce the next clause.
[16] ‘in’, here +auf+.
[17] never ... at all, +nie+.
_Section 68._
TENDER, TRUSTY, AND TRUE.
VIII.
Boys, I like peace; I like (S. 51, N. 13) to see you play like good,
true-hearted little men[1]. Never[2] fight if you can help[3] it; but[4]
never strike a boy who is no match for you, and never stand[5] by quietly
whilst another boy is doing (S. 32, N. 11) it. Tender, trusty, and true,
boys; tender and true. King David, King Alfred, George Washington,
William Channing, Theodore Parker[6], more great men than I can name,
were all of that sort; and[7] they came out right, because they went in
right. Brave as lions[8], true as steel, with kind[9] hearts for doves,
ravens, and sparrows, they (App. § 14) would never tear[10] birds’ nests,
or sling stones to[11] kill birds, because they felt as Jesus _did_ when
he said: “Blessed are the merciful.”—REV. ROBERT COLLYER, THE LIFE THAT
NOW IS.
[1] ‘man’, here +Bursche+.
[2] The adverb cannot precede the Imperative in German. ‘To fight’, here
+sich schlagen+.
[3] to help = to avoid.
[4] Render ‘but’ by +jedoch+, which place immediately after the verb.
[5] to stand by quietly, +müßig dabei stehen+.
[6] +~Theodore Parker~, berühmter amerikanischer Geistlicher und
Gelehrter, wurde im Jahre 1810 zu Lexington in Massachusetts geboren
und starb im Jahre 1860 zu Florenz, wo er sich seiner Gesundheit wegen
aufhielt. Durch seine ausgezeichnete Gelehrsamkeit, große Willenskraft
und seltene Menschenliebe übte er auf seine Zeitgenossen einen
bedeutenden Einfluß aus, namentlich aber in Bezug auf die Befreiung der
Sklaven, deren Sache er oft mit Gefahr seines Lebens und seiner Freiheit
verteidigte.+
[7] and — right, +und sie traten als Sieger aus dem Kampfe hervor, weil
sie für das Recht in den Kampf traten+.
[8] Use the noun ‘lions’ with the def. art., but not the noun ‘steel’.
[9] ‘kind’ here = feeling.
[10] +zerstören.+
[11] See S. 19, N. 7, and supply the prepositional adverb +damit+ before
the object.
_Section 69._
DESPATCH OF BUSINESS[1].
You[2] must beware[3] of stumbling over a propensity, which easily
besets[4] you from[5] the habit of not having your time fully
employed[6]. I mean[7] what the women very expressively[8] call
dawdling[9]. Your motto must be “Hoc age.” Do instantly whatever[10]
is[11] to be done, and take[12] the hours of recreation after
business[13], and not before it[14]. When a regiment is[15] under march,
(S. 27, N. 8) the rear is[16] often thrown into confusion, because the
front do[17] not move[18] steadily[19] and without interruption. It[20]
is the same thing with business. If[21] that which is first in hand is
not instantly, steadily[22], and regularly despatched[23], other[24]
things accumulate, till affairs[25] begin to press all at once, and no
human being can[26] stand the confusion.—SIR WALTER SCOTT, LETTERS TO HIS
SON.
[1] +Schnelle Geschäftserledigung.+
[2] Use the 2nd pers. sing. =Personal and Possessive Pronouns used in
letters, and referring to the person addressed, require a capital initial
in German.=
[3] to beware of stumbling over a propensity, +sich hüten, einem Hange zu
verfallen+. See S. 1, N. 3, and S. 34, N. 10.
[4] +beschleichen.+
[5] from the habit, +wenn Du Dich daran gewöhnst+.
[6] ‘to employ’, here +aus´füllen+.
[7] Supply here the pronominal adverb +damit+.
[8] +bezeichnend.+
[9] +Zeitvergeudung.+
[10] +was.+
[11] is to be done = must be done. See S. 62, N. 4, and S. 2, N. 1.
[12] choose your hours of recreation (+Erholungsstunde+, f.).
[13] business = work, which use with the def. art.
[14] it = the same.
[15] to be under march, +auf dem Marsch begriffen sein+.
[16] to be thrown in confusion, +in Unordnung geraten+.
[17] =The verb must be in the singular after a collective noun in the
singular.=
[18] ‘to move’, here +fort´marschieren+.
[19] +gleichmäßig.+
[20] Say ‘And so it is likewise (+auch+) with business (+Arbeit+)’.
[21] If — hand, +Wenn die gerade vorliegende Arbeit+.
[22] +stetig.+
[23] +erledigen.+
[24] other — accumulate, +so häufen sich inzwischen andere Sachen an+.
[25] +die Arbeiten+, after which place the words ‘all at once’, +alle auf
einmal+. For the place of the verbs see App. § 19.
[26] can — confusion, +der Verwirrung gewachsen ist+.
_Section 70._
ON PERFUMERY[1].
I.
The[2] exquisite pleasure we enjoy from the smell of sweet flowers
is[3] alone sufficient to account for the love of perfumery. Flowers
pass away[4] so quickly that we naturally desire to preserve their
sweetness[5] as[6] long as we can, and in this our perfumers succeed[7]
admirably. The perfume[8] of most flowers depends upon an oil, which[9]
is peculiar to the plant, almost every sweet-scented[10] plant having its
own peculiar oil; and, what is of[11] more importance: these oils belong
to a class called[12] essential or volatile, because they become[13]
volatile when[14] heated.
[1] +Ueber Parfümerien.+
[2] Say ‘the great enjoyment which the smell (+Duft+, m.) of sweet
(+wohlriechend+) flowers affords (+gewähren+) us’. Place the pron. ‘us’
immediately after the rel. pron.
[3] is — perfumery = explains sufficiently (+zur Genüge+) our love for
perfumery.
[4] to pass away, +verwelken+.
[5] +Wohlgeruch+, m.
[6] as — can, +so lange wie möglich+. For the position of the verbs see
App. § 19.
[7] to succeed, +gelingen+, v. intr. (used with +sein+), governs the
dative of the person; as—
He succeeds admirably in this.
+Dies gelingt ihm vortrefflich.+
Construe the above clause accord. to the preceding example; perfumer,
+Parfümeur+.
[8] ‘perfume’, here = scent, +Duft+, m.
[9] The relat. clause ‘which — plant’ is best rendered by the attributive
construction, as explained in S. 48, N. 6; peculiar, +eigentümlich+.
[10] odorous, +wohlriechend+; its own particular oil, +ihr besonderes
Öl+. The clause ‘almost — oil’ must be construed accord. to S. 30, N. 4.
[11] of — importance = still more important.
[12] Say ‘which one calls essential (+ätherisch+) or volatile
(+flüchtig+) oils’.
[13] to become volatile, +sich verflüchtigen+.
[14] when heated = when they are heated (+erwärmen+). Comp. S. 27, N. 7.
_Section 71._
ON PERFUMERY.
II.
The common or fixed[1] oils, on the contrary, _such_ as olive[2] or
linseed-oil, do not evaporate. This[3] may be easily illustrated, thus:
If a piece of writing-paper be touched[4] with a fixed oil or grease,
(S. 27, N. 8) it leaves[5] a stain, which[6], upon being held before the
fire, will not disappear.
Now[7], if any[8] plant has a peculiar smell or taste, it is[4]
generally found that its essential oil is the cause of this (S. 4, N.
5, _B_). Consequently[9], if we extract this, we really obtain[10] the
essence.—PROF. ASCHER.
[1] +fest+; on the contrary, +hingegen+. See S. 15, N. 3.
[2] as olive or linseed-oil, +wie das Oliven- oder Leinsamenöl+. When
two =compound nouns= which have the last component in common follow each
other, the last component is generally omitted in the first noun, which
is connected with the next one by means of hyphens.—To evaporate, +sich
verflüchtigen+.
[3] +Dies läßt sich auf folgende Weise leicht beweisen.+
[4] Turn the Passive Voice here into the Active Voice by means of the
pron. +man+, as explained in S. 4, N. 4.
[5] ‘to leave’, here = to leave behind; it = this.
[6] The passage ‘which — disappear’ may be briefly rendered, thus: ‘which
does not disappear before the fire’. See S. 32, N. 11.
[7] Reverse the order of the first two words in this clause.
[8] any = a.
[9] Consequently = therefore, +also+, which place after the subject ‘we’.
[10] to obtain, +gewinnen+; the essence (as a Nom.), +der der Pflanze
eigentümliche Wohlgeruch+.
_Section 72._
ON INSTINCT[1].
The[2] following most curious instance of a change of instinct is
mentioned by Darwin. The bees carried[3] over to[4] Barbadoes and the
Western Isles ceased[5] to lay up any honey after the first year, as[6]
they found it not useful _to them_. They found the weather so fine, and
the materials[7] for making honey so plentiful, that they quitted[8]
their grave, prudent[9], _and_ mercantile[10] character, became
exceedingly profligate and debauched[11], ate[12] up their capital,
resolved to work no more, and[13] amused themselves by flying about the
sugar-houses and stinging the blacks. The[14] fact is, that[15], by[16]
putting animals in different situations[17], you may[18] change, and
even reverse, _any of_ their original propensities. Spallanzani[19]
brought[20] up an eagle upon[21] bread and milk, and fed a dove on[22]
raw beef.—REV. S. SMITH.
[1] +Über den tierischen Instinkt.+
[2] This clause requires a different rendering; let us say ‘Darwin gives
the following most (+höchst+) curious example of a change of the animal
instinct’. The last noun requires the def. art., as explained in S. 3, N.
2.
[3] to carry over, +hinü´berbringen+. The Perfect Participle qualifies
the noun ‘bees’. According to S. 7, N. 3, the words ‘carried — Isles’
may be rendered either by the attributive construction or by forming of
them a relative clause. I venture to propose the use of the attributive
construction as the more elegant of the two modes of rendering, and more
especially in order to avoid a repetition of subordinate clauses.
[4] When the preposition ‘=to=’, in connection with a verb denoting
motion, stands before the names of countries, towns, islands, etc., it
must be rendered by ‘+=nach=+’.
[5] Here follow the words ‘after — year’, to lay up honey, +einen Vorrat
von Honig an´sammeln+.
[6] See S. 41, N. 6; it = this; not useful, +nicht mehr von Nutzen+.
[7] materials — plentiful, +Materialien zur Honigbereitung in solchem
Überflusse vorhanden+.
[8] +auf´geben.+
[9] prudent = cautious.
[10] +merkantilisch.+
[11] +unmäßig.+
[12] to eat up, +auf´zehren+.
[13] +und sich daran ergötzten.+ For rendering the passage ‘by — blacks’
see S. 1, N. 3. To fly about, +umschwär´men+, v. tr.
[14] The — is, +Es ist eine ausgemachte Thatsache.+
[15] Here follows the subject ‘you’ (comp. S. 66, N. 15), which translate
by the impers. pron. +man+.
[16] by — animals, +durch Versetzung der Tiere+, i.e. by _a_ removal of
the animals. In = into; different = other.
[17] Here follows the object and its attributes, ‘their original
(+angeboren+) propensities (+Trieb+, m.)’.
[18] may = can; reverse, +in entgegengesetzte Richtungen leiten+.
[19] +~Lazaro Spallanzani~, berühmter italienischer Anatom und
Naturforscher, geb. 1729, † 1799.+
[20] to bring up, +groß ziehen+.
[21] +bei.+
[22] +mit.+
_Section 73._
PETER THE GREAT AND THE MONK.
Peter the Great ordered[1] many foreign books to be translated into the
Russian language, and among others[2] “Puffendorf’s[3] Introduction to
the Knowledge of the States of Europe.” A monk, to whom the translation
of this book was committed[4], presented[5] it some time after[6] to
the Emperor. The monarch examined[7] the translation; at[8] a certain
chapter, however, he suddenly changed[9] countenance, turned indignantly
to the monk, and said: “Fool, what did I order[10] thee to do? Is this a
translation?” He[11] then referred to the original and showed the poor
monk a paragraph in which the author had spoken with great asperity[12]
of the Russians, but which had not been translated. “Go,” resumed the
monarch, “and instantly carry out[13] what I have bidden thee _to do_.
_It is_ not to (S. 19, N. 7) flatter my subjects _that_ I[14] have
ordered this book to be translated, but (S. 6, N. 10) to instruct[15] and
reform[16] them!”—ANONYMOUS.
[1] Use the auxiliary verb of mood ‘+=lassen=+’ as a translation of ‘=to
order=’, ‘=to command=’, and ‘=to cause=’, when these verbs are connected
with the auxiliary ‘=to be=’ and the Past Participle of another verb; as—
The emperor _ordered_ the ringleaders _to be shot_.
+Der Kaiser ~ließ~ die Anführer ~erschießen~.+
The admiral _commanded_ the ships _to be drawn up_ in order
of battle.
+Der Admiral ~ließ~ die Schiffe in Schlachtordnung
~aufstellen~.+
He _caused_ the money _to be paid_ to me.
+Er ~ließ~ mir das Geld ~auszahlen~.+
[2] Supply here the adverb +auch+.
[3] +Puffendorfs Beiträge zur europäischen Staatenkunde.+
[4] +an´vertrauen.+
[5] +überrei´chen+; it = the same, which must agree with its antecedent
‘translation’.
[6] after, +darauf+.
[7] +prüfen.+
[8] +bei.+
[9] to change countenance, +die Farbe wechseln+.
[10] ‘to order’, here +befehlen+. See S. 48, N. 2.
[11] Say ‘Hereupon he opened (+auf´schlagen+) the original’.
[12] +Schärfe+, f.; had spoken ... of = had expressed himself (+sich
aus´sprechen+) ... about.
[13] +verrichten.+
[14] Inverted construction.
[15] +belehren+.
[16] +reformieren+; the prep. +zu+ must be repeated before this verb.
_Section 74._
THE BEAUTY OF THE EYE.
I.
Look[1] how beautiful the human eye is, excelling[2] in beauty the eye
of every creature! The eyes of many _of the_ lower animals are doubtless
very beautiful. All[3] of us must have admired the bold, fierce, bright
eye of the eagle; the large, gentle, brown eye of the ox; the treacherous
green eye of the cat, waxing[4] and waning[5] like the moon, as[6] the
sun shines upon it (S. 4, N. 5) or[7] deserts it; the pert eye of the
sparrow; the sly eye of the fox; the peering[8] little bead[9] of black
enamel in[10] the mouse’s head; the[11] gem-like eye which[12] redeems
the toad from ugliness; and the intelligent, affectionate expression,
which[13] looks out from the human-like eye of the horse and dog.
There[14] are these and the eyes of many other animals full of beauty;
but[15] there is a glory which excelleth in the eye of man.
[1] Use the 2nd pers. sing.
[2] Say ‘and how it excelleth in (+an+) beauty the eye of every other
creature!’ The words ‘in beauty’ should be placed before the verb.
[3] All of us, +wir alle+; all of them, +sie alle;+ all of you, +ihr+ (or
+Sie+) +alle+. Render the words ‘must have’ by ‘have certainly’. The p.
p. should be placed after ‘eagle’.
[4] +sich vergrößern.+
[5] +sich verkleinern.+
[6] as = according as, +je nachdem+.
[7] or deserts it = or not.
[8] +forschend.+
[9] +Perlenauge.+
[10] +im Mauseköpfchen.+
[11] +das einem Edelsteine gleichende Auge.+
[12] Say ‘which lets us forget the ugliness of the toad’.
[13] which — the = in the.
[14] There are these ... full = These ... are full. Full of, +voller+.
[15] +im Auge des Menschen jedoch liegt eine alles übertreffende Pracht.+
_Section 75._
THE BEAUTY OF THE EYE.
II.
We realise[1] this fully only when[2] we gaze into the faces of those
we love. It[3] is their eyes (S. 16, N. 10) we look at[4] when we are
near them, and[5] recall when we are[6] far away. The face is a[7] blank
without the eye, and the eye seems to concentrate every[8] feature in
itself. _It is_ the eye _that_ smiles, not the lips; _it is_ the eye
_that_ listens[9], not the ear; it[10] that frowns, not the brow; it[11]
that mourns, not the voice. Every sense and every faculty[12] seems
to[13] flow toward it, and find expression through it[14], nay[15], to be
lost in it; for all must have felt at times as[16] if a man’s eye was not
a part of him, but (S. 6, N. 10) the man himself; as[17] if it had not
merely life, but also a[18] personality of its own;—as[19] if it was not
only a living, but also a thinking being.—PROF. G. WILSON.
[1] ‘to realise’, here = to comprehend, +begreifen+. The object ‘this’
may be emphasized by being placed at the head of the clause. Fully only,
+erst ganz+.
[2] Say ‘when we look upon (+betrachten+) the face (+Antlitz+, n.) of our
loved ones (+unserer Lieben+)’.
[3] +Es sind.+
[4] +anblicken.+
[5] and which we recall (+sich zurückrufen+).
[6] are far away, +fern von ihnen weilen+.
[7] a blank = expressionless.
[8] Supply here the adj. ‘individual’ (+einzeln+).
[9] +lauschen.+
[10] Say ‘the eye frowns (+zürnen+, i.e. to look angry)’.
[11] Say ‘the eye is sad’.
[12] +Gemütsstimmung+, f.
[13] to — it, +dahin zu strömen+.
[14] ‘it’, here = the same.
[15] +ja, darin aufzugehen.+
[16] as if ... was, +als wäre+; a man’s eye = the eye of a man.
[17] as if it had, +als hätte es+.
[18] a personality of its own = a self-dependent personality.
[19] as if it was, +als wäre es+.
_Section 76._
A FUNERAL DANCE[1].
Drums were beating[2], horns blowing[3], and[4] people were seen all
running in one direction. The cause was a funeral dance. I joined[5] the
crowd, and soon found myself in[6] the midst of the entertainment[7].
The dancers were most (+höchst+) grotesquely[8] got up[9]. About a dozen
huge ostrich feathers adorned their helmets. Leopard or black and white
monkey-skins[10] were suspended[11] from their shoulders, and a leather,
tied (S. 7, N. 3, _A_) round the waist, covered a large iron bell which
was strapped[12] upon the loins of each dancer; this they rang[13] to the
time of the dance. A large crowd got up in[14] this style[15] created[16]
an indescribable hubbub, heightened[17] by the blowing of[18] horns and
the beating of seven nogaras[19] of various notes[20]. Every dancer
wore[21] an antelope’s horn[22] suspended round the neck, which he blew
occasionally in[23] the height of his excitement.—SIR S. BAKER, THE
ALBERT N’YANZA.
[1] +Ein Tanz zur Leichenfeier.+
[2] were beating = were being beaten. See S. 2, N. 1. To beat a drum,
+eine Trommel rühren+.
[3] horns (were) blowing = horns resounded (+ertönen+).
[4] Say ‘and one saw all (+alles+) people run in (+nach+) one direction.
[5] +sich an´schließen+, which requires the dat.
[6] in the midst, +inmitten+, which requires the gen.
[7] entertainment = festivity.
[8] +grotesk.+
[9] ‘to get up’, here +aus´staffieren+.
[10] ‘skin’, here +Fell+, n., of which form a compound expression with
the pl. of the nouns ‘leopard’ and ‘monkey’, as explained in S. 71, N. 2.
[11] were suspended = hung; from = +von ... herab+.
[12] to be strapped, +mit einem Riemen befestigt sein+; ‘upon’ here +an+.
[13] +schellen+; to — dance, +während des Tanzens zum Takte+.
[14] +auf+.
[15] style = manner.
[16] created = made.
[17] Say ‘which was (Passive) still heightened’, according to S. 7, N. 3,
_B_.
[18] Use the gen. of the def. art.
[19] ‘nogaras’—which use in its unaltered form in German—are a kind of
drum.
[20] notes = sounds.
[21] wore ... suspended = had ... hanging; ‘round’, here +an+.
[22] To render ‘antelope’s horn’ form a compound noun of the pl. of the
noun ‘antelope’ and the singl. of the noun ‘horn’. Comp. S. 36, N. 7,
_A_, _B_, and _C_, and mark further:
_A._ Although the first component of =Compound Nouns= is generally in
the singular, =some require the plural=; as—+Kinderstube+, f., nursery;
+Bildergallerie+, f., picture-gallery.
_B_, 1. The first component takes sometimes one of =the genitive
inflections +s+, +es+, +n+, +en+, or +ens+=, according to the declension
it belongs to; as—+Königsmantel+, m., royal mantel; +Tageslicht+, n.,
day-light; +Heldenmut+, m., heroism; +Friedensliebe+, f., love of peace.
2. We find, however, =the terminations +s+ or +es+ used as a connecting
link= between the two components =for the mere sake of euphony=, even
in cases where the first component is a feminine noun; this is more
especially the case when the first component is in itself a compound
expression, when it has one of the derivative suffixes +heit+, +ing+,
+ling+, +keit+, +schaft+, +tum+, +ung+, or when it is a noun of foreign
origin terminating in +ion+, +at+, and +ät+; as—+Geburtstag+, m.,
birthday; +Hochzeitsgeschenk+, n., wedding present; +Weisheitslehre+, f.,
philosophy; +Religionsduldung+, f., toleration; +Universitätsgericht+,
n., university court.
_C._ In a few compound nouns we find one of the euphonic terminations
=+e+, +er+, and +l+ used as a connecting link= between the two
components; as—+Tagewerk+, n., day’s work; +Aschermittwoch+, m.,
Ash-Wednesday; +Heidelbeere+, bilberry.
_D_, 1. When =the first component= consists of =the stem of a verb=,
it is often joined to the second component without a connecting link;
as—+Schreibbuch+, n., copy-book.
2. Sometimes =a euphonic +e+ is used as a connection link=;
as—+Zeigefinger+, m., forefinger; +Haltepunkt+, m., place of stopping.
[23] in — excitement = in the highest excitement.
_Section 77._
ABSOLUTION BEFOREHAND[1].
When Tezel[2] was at Leipzig, in the sixteenth century (App. § 9), and
had collected[3] a great deal of money from all ranks[4] of people, a
nobleman, who suspected imposition, put[5] the question to him: “Can
you[6] grant absolution for a sin which a man[7] shall intend to commit
in future?” “Yes,” replied the frontless commissioner, “but on[8]
condition that a proper[9] sum of money be actually[10] paid down.” The
noble (S. 5, N. 2) instantly produced the sum demanded, and in return[11]
received a diploma[12], sealed and signed by Tezel, absolving[13] him
from the unexplained crime which he intended to commit. Not[14] long
after, when Tezel was about (S. 6, N. 4) to leave Leipzig, the nobleman
made[15] inquiry respecting the road he would probably travel[16],
waited[17] for him in ambush at a convenient place, attacked and robbed
him, then[18] beat him soundly with a stick, sent him back to Leipzig
with[19] his chest empty, and[20] at parting said: “This is the fault[21]
I intended to commit, and for which I have your absolution[22].”—REV. R.
K. ARVINE.
[1] +Der im voraus erteilte Ablaß.+
[2] +~Johann Tezel~ (eigentlich Diezel) wurde um 1460 zu Leipzig geboren,
trat 1489 in den Dominikanerorden, ward 1502 vom Papst zum Ablaßprediger
bestellt, später zum apostolischen Kommissar ernannt und mit dem
Ablaßhandel in Sachsen betraut, zog sich jedoch, von Luther seit dem
31ˢᵗᵉⁿ Oktober 1517 wegen seiner unverschämten Anmaßungen bekämpft, in
das Paulinerkloster zu Leipzig zurück, wo er im Jahre 1519 verstarb.+
[3] +ein´nehmen+; a great deal of, +eine Masse+. Construe accord. to App.
§ 5.
[4] ranks = classes; people, +Bevölkerung+, f., see S. 3, N. 2.
[5] ‘to put a question to somebody’ here = to ask somebody.
[6] I propose to use the 2nd pers. pl. in this case, and to supply the
adverb +auch+ after the pron.
[7] a — future = which one only (+erst+) intends to commit. See App. § 19.
[8] +unter+, followed by the def. art.
[9] +angemessen+; to render ‘sum of money’ form a comp. n. of which the
noun ‘money’ forms the first component and the noun ‘sum’ the last.
[10] actually = directly; to pay down, +aus´zahlen+.
[11] in return, +dafür+, which place after the verb.
[12] ‘diploma’, here +Ablaßbrief+, m.
[13] +absolvieren+. See S. 16, N. 4; unexplained, +ungenannt+.
[14] Not — after = Soon upon that. See S. 4, N. 5, _B_.
[15] to make inquiry respecting something, +sich nach etwas erkundigen+.
[16] ‘to travel’, here +ein´schlagen+.
[17] to wait in ambush for somebody, +einen in einem Hinterhalte
auf´lauern+.
[18] the adverb +dann+ must be placed after the object. To beat a person
soundly with a stick, +einen tüchtig durch´prügeln+.
[19] Say ‘with empty chest (+Kasten+, m.)’, which place immediately after
the object.
[20] +und rief ihm beim Abschied noch zu.+
[21] ‘fault’, here = sin.
[22] Supply here the adverb +schon+.
_Section 78._
STAND UP[1] FOR WHATEVER IS TRUE, MANLY, AND LOVELY[2].
I.