adjective pronoun= in cases where the possessor is clearly seen from the
context; as—
+Ich habe die Feder in ~der~ Hand.+
I have the pen in _my_ hand.
_B._ =The possessor is often indicated by a personal pronoun in the
dative case=; as—
+Ich will ~mir die~ Hände waschen.+
I will wash _my_ hands.
The latter mode of construction must be applied in this case.
[10] ‘I have taught thee to conduct a canoe.’ Read once more S. 42, N. 4,
and mark further that: =that which is taught is often expressed in the
form of a Supine=, as in this instance.
[11] We say ‘+mit Pfeil und Bogen+’.
[12] +überfal´len+.
[13] +gewäh´ren+; sustenance, +Nahrung+, f.
[14] +lag in Finsternis gehüllt.+
[15] +also+; nation = people; to take up = to seize.
_Section 44._
THE INDIAN CHIEF.
IV.
The officer replied that[1] he would rather lose his own life than take
away that of his deliverer. The Indian, bending[2] down his (S. 43, N. 9,
_A_) head, _and_ covering his face with both _his_ hands, stood[3] some
time silent. Then, looking[4] earnestly at his prisoner, he[5] said, in
a voice that was at once softened by tenderness and grief: “Hast thou a
father?” “My father,” said the young man, “was[6] alive when I left my
country[7].” “Alas!” said[8] the Indian, “how wretched[9] must he be!” He
paused[10] a moment, and then added: “Dost thou know that[11] I have been
a father? I[12] am a father no more. I saw my son fall in[13] battle. He
fought at my side. I saw him expire. He was covered with wounds, when he
fell[14] dead at my feet.”
[1] that — deliverer = that he would rather die than kill his deliverer.
See App. §§ 28 and 30.
[2] The two Participles in -ing are best rendered by using the Imperfect.
[3] stood — silent, +und stand so eine Weile schweigend da+.
[4] Say ‘Upon this (+Hierauf+) he looked’, etc.
[5] he — grief, +und fragte mit von Zärtlichkeit und Kummer gedämpfter
Stimme+.
[6] +war noch am Leben.+
[7] +Heimat+, f.
[8] exclaimed.
[9] unhappy.
[10] +zögern+, i.e. to hesitate.
[11] +daß auch ich einst Vater war?+
[12] Say ‘But now I (App. § 14) am it no more’.
[13] We use here the def. art.
[14] +nie´derfallen.+
_Section 45._
THE INDIAN CHIEF.
V.
He pronounced[1] these words with the utmost vehemence. His[2] body shook
with a universal tremour. He[3] was almost stifled with sighs, which[4]
he would not suffer to escape him. There[5] was a keen restlessness in
the eye, but no tears flowed to[6] his relief. At[7] length he became
calm by degrees: and, turning towards the east, where the sun had just
risen, “Dost thou see,” said he to the young officer, “the beauty of
that sky, which sparkles with prevailing day? and hast thou pleasure in
the sight?” “Yes,” replied the[8] young officer, “I have pleasure in the
beauty of[9] so fine a sky.” “I have none!” said the Indian, and[10] his
tears then found their way.
A few minutes after, he showed the young man a[11] magnolia, in full
bloom. “Dost thou see that beautiful tree?” said he, “and dost thou
look[12] upon it with pleasure?” “Yes,” replied the officer, “I[13] look
with pleasure upon that beautiful tree.” “I have no longer any pleasure
in[14] looking upon it!” said the Indian hastily[15], and[16] immediately
added: “Go, return to thy father, that[17] he may still have pleasure,
when (S. 18, N. 6) he sees the sun rise in[18] the morning, and the trees
blossom in the spring!”—WASHINGTON IRVING.
[1] spoke. Begin the clause with ‘These words’ (S. 7, N. 2).
[2] Say ‘A universal tremour shook (+erschüttern+) his body’.
[3] +Er erstickte fast unter den Seufzern.+
[4] Say ‘which he endeavoured (+bemüht sein+) to suppress’.
[5] His eyes (sing.) looked restlessly about.
[6] +zur Linderung seines Schmerzes.+
[7] Say ‘Gradually he became calmer’. The following passage requires
altogether a different structure in German. Say ‘He turned towards the
east (+sich gen Osten wenden+), where the sun had just risen. “Dost thou
see the beauty of the sky, which sparkles (+erglänzen+) with (+von+) the
breaking (+an´brechen+) day (+Tageslicht+, n.)? and hast thou pleasure
(+Freude+, f.) in (+an+) the sight (+Anblick+, m.)?” he asked the young
officer’.
[8] the — officer, +dieser+, to avoid a useless repetition.
[9] of such a (S. 28, N. 9) sky.
[10] ‘and his’, say ‘whose’; found their way, +hervor´brachen+.
[11] +eine in voller Blüte stehende Magnolie.+
[12] ‘to look upon’, here +betrachten+.
[13] Say ‘I rejoice in its splendour’, to avoid monotony. To rejoice in a
thing, +sich einer Sache freuen+.
[14] ‘in — it’, may be briefly rendered by ‘in the sight’.
[15] +rasch.+
[16] ‘and — Go’. Begin a new clause here, and say: ‘“Go,” he added
(+fügte er dann hinzu+)’.
[17] +auf daß+ (followed by the Pres. Subj. of +haben+).
[18] +des Morgens+, App. § 9. The verb ‘sees’, being the governing verb
in both clauses, takes the last place. See App. § 19.
_Section 46._
RICE.
Rice forms the[1] chief subsistance of the people[2] in India, China,
Japan, and other eastern[3] countries. Indeed, it supports[4] more
persons than any other article of food[5]. In Asia it (S. 2, N. 1)
is chiefly cultivated in India, China, and[6] Ceylon; in Europe: in
Lombardy[7] (Italy) and Spain; in Africa: in Egypt; in South America:
in Brazil; and in North America: in[8] the Carolines and[9] Louisiana.
Its[10] cultivation requires an[11] immense quantity of moisture. It[12]
grows best in[13] fields which can be inundated. Indeed[14], the fact
that it is usually sown upon watery soil makes it probable that the
first Verse of the eleventh Chapter in[15] Ecclesiastes refers to Rice.
In Egypt, for example, it is always sown while[16] the waters of the
Nile cover the land, and when the floods subside[17], (S. 27, N. 8) it
is deposited[18] in the mud. A strong spirit[19], called arrack, is
distilled from[20] rice, and[21] the straw is used for making plait for
hats and bonnets.—NELSON’S READERS.
[1] +das hauptsächlichste Nahrungsmittel.+
[2] Say ‘of the inhabitants of India (+Indiens+)’, etc.
[3] +orientalisch.+
[4] +ernähren.+
[5] +Nahrungsartikel+, m.
[6] Supply here the prep. +auf+, which should always be used to render
the English ‘in’ before names of islands.
[7] +in der Lombardei.+
[8] +auf den Karolinen.+
[9] Supply the prep. +in+.
[10] +Der Reisbau+, i.e. the cultivation of rice.
[11] an — of = extraordinary much.
[12] The noun ‘rice’ must here be repeated, since the pron. ‘+er+’ would
refer to ‘+Reisbau+’.
[13] +auf.+
[14] +Ja, die Thatsache, daß+, etc.
[15] +im Prediger Salomonis+; to refer to something, +sich auf etwas
beziehen.+ The above mentioned passage reads as follows: ‘Cast thy bread
upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many days’.
[16] Say ‘when the land is still covered by (+von+) the waters of the
Nile’.
[17] +sich zurück´ziehen+, i.e. withdraw.
[18] +sich ab´lagern+ (see S. 4, N. 4, _A_); ‘mud’, here +Schlamm+, m.
[19] +Spiritus+, m.
[20] +aus.+
[21] and — bonnets, +und das Stroh gebraucht man zur Anfertigung von
Männer- und Frauenhüten+.
_Section 47._
THE WHITE SHIP.
(A.D. 1120.)
I.
King Henry I went[1] over to Normandy with his son Prince (S. 10, N. 2)
William and a great retinue, to have the prince acknowledged[2] as his
successor by the Norman nobles, and to contract[3] the promised marriage
between him and the daughter of the count of Anjou. When both[4] these
things had been done with great show[5] and rejoicing, the whole retinue
prepared[6] _to embark_ for the voyage home.
When[7] all was ready, _there_ came to the king Fitz-Stephen[8], a
sea-captain, and said: “My[9] liege, my father served your father all
his life, upon the sea. He steered[10] the ship[11] with the gold boy
upon the prow, in[12] which your father sailed[13] to conquer England.
I beseech you to grant[14] me the same office. I[15] have a fair vessel
in the harbour here, called the White Ship, manned by fifty sailors of
renown. I pray you, Sire[16], to[17] let your servant have the honour of
steering[18] you in the White Ship to England.”
[1] to go over, +sich begeben+. The words ‘to Normandy’ (S. 19, N. 4)
must be placed after ‘retinue’.
[2] to have acknowledged, +huldigen lassen+. See S. 19, N. 7. The words
‘by (+von+) the Norman nobles’ must be placed after ‘prince’. The nobles,
+der Adel+.
[3] to contract a promised marriage, +einen verabredeten Heiratsvertrag
ab´schließen+. The pron. ‘him’ should be turned by ‘the prince’, to avoid
ambiguity.
[4] both — things = this.
[5] +Pomp+, m.; rejoicing, +viele Freudenbezeigungen+; to be done,
+geschehen+.
[6] +sich zur Heimreise an´schicken.+
[7] Supply the adverb ‘+nun+’ after ‘when’.
[8] The subject and apposition must be placed immediately after the
predicate. Comp. App. § 15.
[9] Say ‘My father, O prince (+Fürst+), served yours (use the second
pers. sing. of the posses. pron., and continue the address in the same
person) his whole life long at (+zur+) sea’.
[10] +lenken.+
[11] +das am Vorderteile mit einem goldenen Knaben verzierte Schiff.+
[12] +auf.+
[13] sailed — England = sailed (+sich ein´schiffen+) for (+zu+) the
conquest of England.
[14] +verleihen.+
[15] Say ‘I possess in this (+hiesig+) harbour a fair with fifty renowned
(+bewährt+) sailors (+Seeleute+) manned vessel (+Fahrzeug+), called (App.
§ 1) the White Ship’. Comp. S. 7, N. 3.
[16] +o Herr.+
[17] to let ... have = to grant; use the Supine.
[18] ‘to steer’, here = to conduct, +geleiten+. See S. 1, N. 3.
_Section 48._
THE WHITE SHIP.
II.
“I am sorry,” replied the king, “that[1] my vessel is already chosen, and
_that_ I cannot therefore sail with the son of the man who served[2] my
father. But[3] the prince, with all his company, shall go along with you
in the fair White Ship manned by fifty sailors of renown.”
An[4] hour or two afterwards, the king (App. § 15) set sail[5] in[6] the
vessel he had chosen, accompanied by other vessels, and[7], sailing all
night with a fair and gentle wind, arrived upon the coast of England in
the morning. While[8] it was yet night, the[9] people in some of the
ships heard a faint wild cry come[10] over the sea, and wondered what[11]
it was.
[1] Say ‘that I have already chartered (+bedingen+) a ship’.
[2] Use the =Perfect=, which is used in German to express an action or
occurrence both perfect and past, without reference to any other action
or occurrence.
[3] Render ‘but’ by +jedoch+, which place after ‘shall’; with — company,
+samt seinem ganzen Gefolge+; ‘to go along’, here +fahren+, to be placed
at the end of the whole clause, which construe accord. to S. 48, N. 6.
[4] An — afterwards = Soon after.
[5] to set sail, +ab´segeln+.
[6] =To place the qualifying parts before the word qualified is one of
the most striking peculiarities of German Grammar.= This construction,
called =attributive constriction=, has been explained in section 7, Note
3 with respect to the rendering of the Perfect (or Past) Participle
qualifying a preceding noun; but it must here be pointed out that it
may likewise be used for rendering the Present Participle qualifying
a preceding noun (comp. S. 16, N. 4), and that it is sometimes even
suitable for translating short relative clauses. This, as long as it is
not too much indulged in, imparts to the construction great conciseness
and vigour, and avoids the too frequent use of relative pronouns, which,
contrary to English construction, cannot be omitted in German. (Comp. S.
16, N. 10.)
EXAMPLES.
When the fleet, _favoured_ by the finest weather, was about to
set sail, there arose a shout of joy, _proceeding_ from many
thousands of voices, and resounding mightily from the shore.
+~Als die von dem schönsten Wetter begünstigte Flotte~ im
Begriff war abzusegeln, erhob sich ~ein von vielen tausend
Stimmen erschallender Jubelruf~, von dem das Ufer mächtig
wiederhallte.+
The child, gently _sleeping_ in his mother’s arms, was suddenly
roused by his father’s noisy entrance.
+~Das in den Armen der Mutter sanft schlafende Kind~ wurde
plötzlich durch den lärmenden Eintritt des Vaters aufgeweckt.+
The church, _which was damaged by the siege_, is now being
restored.
+~Die durch die Belagerung beschädigte Kirche~ wird jetzt
wiederhergestellt.+
The clause ‘in — vessels’ requires the attributive construction, since
the two relative clauses, otherwise required, would make the rendering
very lengthy and monotonous. To avoid a useless repetition, translate the
first noun ‘vessel’ by +Schiff+ and the second by +Fahrzeug+, and connect
the two clauses by the conjunction +und+.
[7] The passage ‘and — morning’ may be briefly rendered thus: and
arrived, favoured (+begünstigt+, App. § 1) by a gentle (+mäßig+) wind,
the (+am+) next morning in England.
[8] Say ‘During the night’.
[9] the people = one, after which supply the conj. +jedoch+; in ships =
upon some ships.
[10] come — sea, +von der See herüber+, which place after ‘ships’; wild
cry, +Angstschrei+.
[11] +was dies zu bedeuten habe.+
_Section 49._
THE WHITE SHIP.
III.
The prince went[1] aboard the White Ship with _one_ hundred and forty
youthful nobles, among whom were eighteen noble ladies of the highest
rank. All[2] this gay company, with their servants and the fifty sailors,
made three hundred souls aboard the White Ship.
“Give three[3] casks _of_ wine, Fitz-Stephen,” said the prince, “to the
fifty sailors of renown. My[4] father the king has sailed out of the
harbour. What[5] time is there to make merry here, and yet reach England
with the rest?”
“Prince[6],” said Fitz-Stephen, “before morning my fifty and the White
Ship shall overtake the swiftest vessel in attendance on your father the
king, if we sail at midnight.”
[1] to go aboard ship, +sich auf ein Schiff begeben+; the young noble,
+der junge Adelige+; ‘to be’, here +sich befinden+; eighteen — rank,
+achtzehn dem höchsten Range angehörige Damen+. The words ‘aboard the
White Ship’ take the last place in the clause.
[2] This clause requires the following construction: With the servants
(+Dienerschaft+, f.) and the fifty sailors consisted the whole gay
company upon the White Ship of (+aus+) three hundred persons.
[3] Construe according to App. § 5.
[4] Say ‘My royal father’; has sailed out of = has left. Supply the
adverb +soeben+ after the auxiliary. This will greatly improve the
rendering.
[5] Also the two following passages require a different construction;
say ‘How long can we still make merry (+sich gütlich thun+) here (to be
placed before ‘still’), if we will arrive in England at the same time
(+zugleich+) with the others?’ The words ‘in England’ should stand before
the verbs, which arrange according to App. § 18.
[6] Say ‘“If we sail at (+um+) midnight, O prince (see S. 27, N. 8), my
fifty men (+Leute+) and the White Ship shall nevertheless (+dennoch+)
before the coming morning overtake the swiftest ship in the service of
thy royal father,” replied Fitz-Stephen’.—‘The swiftest — father’ = the
swiftest in the service of thy royal father standing ship. (Comp. S. 48,
N. 6.)
_Section 50._
THE WHITE SHIP.
IV.
Then[1] the prince commanded to[2] make merry; and the sailors drank
_out_ the three casks _of_ wine, and the prince and[3] all the noble[4]
company danced in the moonlight on the deck of the White Ship.
When at last she[5] shot[6] out of the harbour of Barfleur, there[7] was
not[8] a sober seaman on[9] board. But the sails were all set[10] and[11]
the oars all going merrily, Fitz-Stephen at the helm.
The gay young nobles and the beautiful ladies talked, laughed, and sang.
The prince encouraged[12] the fifty sailors to row harder[13] yet,
for[14] the honour of the White Ship.
[1] Hereupon.
[2] that they (+man+) should make merry. The verb must stand in the
Present Subjunctive, as will be seen from §§ 28-30 of the App.
[3] +samt.+
[4] +adelig+; company = retinue.
[5] +dieses+, to be placed after ‘When’.
[6] shot out of = left.
[7] there to be, +sich befinden+.
[8] not a, +auch nicht ein einziger+.
[9] Say ‘upon the ship’.
[10] +gespannt.+
[11] Say ‘and the oars moved (+sich bewegen+) merrily (+lustig+), whilst
F.-St. stood at the helm’.
[12] +an´treiben.+
[13] harder = faster.
[14] +dem weißen Schiff zu Ehren.+
_Section 51._
THE WHITE SHIP.
V.
Crash[1]!—a terrific cry broke from three hundred hearts. It was the
cry (S. 16, N. 10) the people[2] in the distant vessels of the king had
faintly[3] heard on the water. The White Ship had struck upon a rock,
and[4] was going down!
Fitz-Stephen hurried[5] the prince into a boat with some few nobles.
“Push off,” he whispered, “and row to[6] the land. It is not far, and the
sea is smooth[7]. The[8] rest of us must die.”
But[9], as they rowed away fast from the sinking ship, the prince heard
the voice of his sister Mary calling[10] for help. He (S. 5, N. 2) never
in his life had been so good as[11] he was then. He[12] cried, in an
agony: “Row back at any risk! I cannot bear[13] to leave her!”
[1] +Krach!—es erhob sich ein aus drei hundert Kehlen erschallender
fürchterlicher Angstschrei.+
[2] the people = one; in = upon.
[3] faintly on the water, +unvollkommen von der See herüber+.
[4] +und war im Sinken begriffen!+
[5] to hurry into a boat, +schnell in ein Boot steigen lassen+; with =
and.
[6] +an+, contracted with the def. art.
[7] +ruhig.+
[8] The — us = We others.
[9] Render ‘but’ by +jedoch+, which place before the adverb ‘fast’
(+schnell+); to row away, +sich entfernen+.
[10] See S. 16, N. 4; for, +um+.
[11] Say ‘as at (+in+) this moment’.
[12] The remaining passage will greatly improve by placing the clause
‘Row — risk’ before the words ‘He — agony’. In an agony, +voll
Seelenangst+; at any risk, +koste es, was es wolle+.
[13] When there is in a principal clause a transitive verb, the object
of which is contained in a following objective clause, which often
assumes the form of a supine (i.e. an infinitive with +zu+, see S. 1, N.
2), =the object in the principal clause is frequently supplied by the
pronoun +es+, which then may be called the grammatical object.= This is
more particularly the case when special emphasis is given to the verb
contained in the principal clause; as—
He _liked to hear_ good music.
+Er ~liebte es~, gute Musik ~zu hören~.+
The deed proves, that she speaks the truth.
+Die That ~beweist es~, daß sie die Wahrheit spricht.+
_Section 52._
THE WHITE SHIP.
VI.
They rowed back. When[1] the prince held out his arms to catch[2] his
sister, such[3] numbers lept in, that the boat was overset; and in the
same instant the White Ship went[4] down.
Only two men floated[5]: a nobleman, Godfrey by name, and a poor butcher
of Rouen. By and by[6] another man came swimming towards them, whom[7]
they knew, when he had pushed aside his long wet hair, to be Fitz-Stephen.
When he heard that the prince and all his retinue had[8] gone down,
Fitz-Stephen, with a ghastly face[9], cried: “Woe, woe to me!” and
sank[10] to the bottom.
[1] Supply here the conj. +aber+.
[2] +auf´fangen.+
[3] Say ‘so many persons jumped into the boat, that it capsized’.
[4] Supply the adverb +auch+ after the verb.
[5] to float, +auf dem Wasser schwimmen+; of Rouen, +aus Rouen+.
[6] +Kurz darauf+; supply the adverb +noch+ before ‘another’. He comes
swimming towards me, +er kommt auf mich zu´geschwommen+.
[7] Say ‘in whom they recognised Fitz-Stephen, when he’, etc.; to push
aside = to throw back.
[8] had gone down, +den Tod erlitten+. The auxiliary verb (had) may here
be omitted, for: =In subordinate clauses, the auxiliary verbs= (+haben+,
+sein+, and +werden+) =are often omitted for the sake of conciseness and
elegance=; as—
+Daß sie mir ~genommen~ (wurde), ist mein größtes Leid.+
That she _was_ taken from me is my greatest sorrow.
[9] with — face, +totenbleich+, adv. How must the words be arranged here?
[10] to sink to the bottom, +in die Tiefe hinab´sinken+. Supply the adv.
+dann+ after the verb, which will establish a closer connection between
this clause and the preceding one.
_Section 53._
THE WHITE SHIP.
VII.
The other two clung[1] to the yard for some hours. At length (App. § 14)
the young noble said faintly[2]: “I am exhausted, _and_ benumbed[3] with
cold, and can hold[4] no longer. Farewell, good friend. God preserve
(App. § 34) you!”
So[5] he dropped and sank, and of all the brilliant crowd[6], the poor
butcher of Rouen alone was saved. In[7] the morning, some fishermen
saw him floating in his sheep-skin coat[8], and got[9] him into their
boat,—the sole relater of the dismal tale.
For[1] three days no one dared to carry[10] the intelligence to the
king; at length they[11] sent into his presence a little boy, who,
weeping[12] bitterly, and kneeling at his feet, told him that the White
Ship was[13] lost, with all on board.
The king fell to the ground like[14] a dead man, and[15] never afterwards
was seen to smile.—C. DICKENS, A CHILD’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
[1] to cling to the yard, +sich an eine Segelstange an´klammern+; for
some hours, +einige Stunden lang+, for three days, +drei Tage lang+.
[2] +kraftlos.+
[3] +vor Kälte erstarrt.+
[4] ‘to hold,’ here +sich halten+.
[5] Say ‘Upon this (Hereupon) he fell into the water and sank to the
bottom (+in die Tiefe hinab´sinken+)’.
[6] crowd = company.
[7] In the morning, +am Morgen+.
[8] sheep-skin coat, +Schafpelz+, m.
[9] +nehmen+; the appositional clause ‘the sole relater (+Überbringer+)
of the dismal (+traurig+) tale (+Kunde+)’ must be placed immediately
after the pronoun ‘him’, to which it belongs; and mark that: =The
apposition must always agree in number, gender, and case with the noun or
pronoun to which it belongs.=
[10] to carry an intelligence to a person, +Einem eine Botschaft
verkünden+. See App. § 5.
[11] +man+; into his presence = to (+zu+) him, which place after ‘boy’.
[12] =The Present Participle may be used adverbially, as in English, to
denote manner or state.= Say ‘who told him kneeling and weeping bitterly,
that’, etc.
[13] was — board, +mit Mann und Maus gesunken sei+.
[14] like — man = as if dead (+wie tot+), which place after ‘fell.’
[15] Say ‘and never has one seen him smile again’.
_Section 54._
BARLEY (S. 3, N. 2).
Barley is (S. 2, N. 1) now principally used[6] to make[1] malt for[2]
brewing beer and distilling spirits. It serves, however[3], as food[4]
in _the_ form of pearl barley, used[5] for thickening soups. It is also
used[6] as food for poultry. Barley[7] meal is used for fattening pigs
and turkeys. Barley straw furnishes us fodder[8] for cattle and horses.
Barley is chiefly produced[9] in the northern regions of Europe, in
Central Asia, and in North America. It is much hardier[10] than wheat,
resists[11] _both_ heat and drought better, and[12] may therefore be
raised from poorer soils. It[13] is said to be the most ancient food[4]
of (S. 3, N. 2) man.—NELSON’S READERS.
[1] +bereiten+, see S. 19, N. 7.
[2] for — spirits, +zur Bierbrauerei und Branntweinbrennerei+, after
which supply +daraus+.
[3] +indessen+.
[4] +Nahrungsmittel+, n.
[5] Say ‘which one uses for thickening soups’, +zur Verdickung der
Suppen+.
[6] +benutzen+ and +gebrauchen+, which use alternately; as — poultry,
+als Hühnerfutter+.
[7] Say ‘With barley meal one fattens (+mästen+) pigs and turkeys
(+türkische Hühner+)’.
[8] +Vieh- und Pferdefutter+.
[9] +gebaut+. Where must the p. p. be placed here?
[10] +kräftig+.
[11] ‘to resist’ here = to bear, +vertragen+. Use the def. art. before
the first noun.
[12] Say ‘and can therefore be cultivated (+an´bauen+) upon poorer soil’.
Supply the adverb +auch+ after ‘therefore’.
[13] It is said to be, +sie soll ... sein+. =The verb +sollen+ is
frequently used to express an assertion of another person, when it
answers to the English ‘it is said’, ‘it is reported’, ‘they say’.=
_Section 55._
THE SOLDIER AND HIS FLAG (+Fahne+).
On seeing[1] a young Prussian soldier who was pressing his flag to
his bosom in the agonies of death, Napoleon said to his officers:
“Gentlemen[2], you see that a soldier has for his flag a sentiment almost
approaching[3] idolatry. Render[4] funeral honours at once to this young
man. I regret that I do not know his name, that[5] I might write to his
family. Do not take[6] _away_ his flag; its silken folds will be an
honourable shroud[7] for him.”—GENERAL BOURRIENNE[8].