stayed with me.
+~Wenn~ mein alter Lehrer nach Hamburg kam, wohnte er stets bei
mir.+
[7] The verb ‘+lehren+’, to teach, requires the accusative of the person.
Render the sentence ‘I — benefactor’ by ‘I will teach him to be thankful
to his benefactor’.
[8] +Halt´!+
[9] to be mistaken, +sich irren+.
[10] Teach — higher, +Lehre ihn höher blicken+.
[11] The pronoun ‘Him’ is here used as a demonstr. pron.; ‘both ... and’,
+sowohl ... wie auch+; ‘to give’, here = to send.
_Section 19._
HOW DID CUVIER[1] BECOME A NATURALIST?
When young (S. 10, N. 2) Cuvier was one day[2] strolling[3] along the
sands near Fiquainville, in Normandy[4], he observed a cuttle-fish
lying[5] stranded on the beach. He was attracted[6] by the curious
object, took it home to[7] dissect, and[8] began the study of the
mollusca, which ended in his becoming one of the greatest among natural
historians.—S. SMILES.
[1] +G. D. Cüvier, berühmter französischer Naturforscher (1769-1832),
erhob die vergleichende Anatomie zuerst zur Wissenschaft.+
[2] one day, +eines Tages+; one morning, +eines Morgens+; one evening,
+eines Abends+, etc.
[3] to stroll along the sands, +an der Küste umher´schlendern+, ‘near’,
here +von+.
[4] +die Normandie+, always used with the def. art.
[5] ‘lying — beach’, say ‘which the sea had washed (+spülen+) upon the
beach’. (See App. § 17.)
[6] to be attracted by something, +sich durch etwas an´gezogen fühlen+;
‘object’, here ‘creature’.
[7] The =Supine= is used to express =purpose=, and must be employed
whenever the English ‘=to=’ is used in the meaning of ‘=in order to=’, or
‘=for the purpose of=’; clauses of this sort are generally introduced by
the conjunction ‘+=um=+’; as—
I will take this animal home _to_ dissect.
Ich will dies Tier mit nach Hause nehmen, um es ~zu~ sezieren.
[8] ‘and — historian’, say ‘began (+an´fangen+) to study the mollusca,
and became finally (+schließlich+) one of the greatest natural
historians’. Mollusca, +Mollusken+ or +Weichtiere+.
_Section 20._
ON THE CHOICE OF BOOKS[1].
In literature (S. 3, N. 2) I am fond[2] of confining myself to the best
company, which consists chiefly of old acquaintances[3] with whom I am
desirous of becoming more intimate, and I suspect[4] that, nine[5] times
out of ten, it is more profitable[6], if not more agreeable, to read an
old book over again, than[7] to read a new one for the first time.—LORD
DUDLEY.
[1] ‘of books’, here +der Lektüre+.
[2] _A._ The verbs ‘=to be fond of=’ and ‘=to like=’ are often rendered
by the auxiliary verb of mood ‘+=mögen=+’, either with or without the
adverb ‘+gerne+’ or ‘+gern+’ (willingly), which is used to intensify its
signification; as—
_I am_ very _fond of_ the German language.
+Ich ~mag~ die deutsche Sprache sehr ~gern~.+
_Are you fond of_ walking?
+~Mögen Sie gerne~ spazieren gehen?+
_I don’t like_ this child.
+~Ich mag~ dies Kind ~nicht~.+
_B._ But the adverb +=~gerne~=+ or +=~gern~=+ in itself denotes liking
and fondness, and is therefore the general translation of the verbs ‘to
be fond of’ or ‘to like’ when used with the infinitive of other verbs; as—
_I like_ to dance.
+Ich tanze ~gern~.+
_We are fond of_ confining ourselves to a few old books.
+Wir beschränken uns ~gern~ auf einige wenige alte Bücher.+
Construe the above clause accord. to the last example given.
[3] acquaintances = friends; I am desirous of becoming = I wish to become
(App. § 19). The insertion of the adverb ‘+noch+’ before the comparative
will greatly improve the rendering of this clause.
[4] to suspect = to believe.
[5] ‘nine times out of ten’ may be briefly rendered by the adverbial
expression +meistenteils+, which place immediately after the subject of
the subordinate clause.
[6] profitable, +nützlich+; ‘if — agreeable’, say ‘if not even (+gar+)
more agreeable’; ‘over again’, here +noch einmal+.
[7] ‘than — time’, say ‘than to occupy oneself (+sich beschäftigen+)
with a new _one_’. This periphrase is necessary to avoid a monotonous
repetition in German.
_Section 21._
AN APPARENTLY INSIGNIFICANT FACT[1] OFTEN[2] LEADS TO GREAT RESULTS.
When Galvani[3] discovered that a frog’s leg[4] twitched when placed in
contact with different metals, it[5] could scarcely have been imagined
that so apparently insignificant a fact would ever lead (App. § 17) to
important results. Yet therein lay the germ of[6] the Electric Telegraph,
which[7] binds the intelligence of continents together, and probably
before many years elapse will[8] “put[9] a girdle round the globe.”—S.
SMILES.
[1] +Thatsache+, f.
[2] See S. 5, N. 2, and place the adverb after the verb; ‘result’,
+Resultat+, n.
[3] +Luigi Galvani, italienischer Anatom, entdeckte 1780 den
Galvanismus.+ ‘When — discovered’, say ‘When Galvani made the discovery’.
[4] ‘leg’, here +Schenkel+, m.; to twitch, +in Zuckungen geraten+; when
placed = when (S. 18, N. 6) the same was (S. 2, N. 1) brought.
[5] it — imagined, +hätte man sich kaum vorstellen können+; ‘that so
apparently ... a’, +daß eine scheinbar so+.
[6] +zum.+
[7] which — together, +welcher die Geister der Kontinente mit einander
verbindet+; before — elapse = in a few years.
[8] See App. § 16.
[9] to put a girdle round the globe, +einen Gürtel rings um die Erde
ziehen+. ‘+Rings um die Erde zieh’ ich einen Gürtel in viermal zehn
Minuten.+’ +Puck, Sommernachtstraum.+
_Section 22._
OATS[1].
Oats are (S. 2, N. 1) chiefly used whole[2] as food for horses. Ground[3]
into meal, they are used in some countries (especially in Scotland)
for[4] making porridge and cakes. As[5] a plant, it is extremely hardy,
and grows where neither wheat nor barley could[6] be made productive.
For[7] this reason it is a favourite crop in mountainous countries and
moist climates—for example in Scotland and Wales. It (S. 5, N. 2) also
grows luxuriantly in Australia, Northern[8] and Central Asia, and in
North America.—NELSON’S READERS.
[1] +Der Hafer+, which noun is never used in the plural.
[2] whole, +ungemahlen+; to use, +benutzen+; food for horses,
+Pferdefutter+, n.
[3] Ground — meal, +zu Mehl vermahlen+; they — used = one uses
(+gebrauchen+) it (m.). see S. 4, N. 4; ‘country’, here +Gegend+.
[4] for — cakes, +um Mehlsuppe und Kuchen daraus zu machen+.
[5] ‘As — hardy’, say ‘The plant is extremely hardy (+kräftig+)’.
[6] could — productive = would thrive.
[7] For — reason, +Daher+, adv., App. § 14. Render the pron. ‘it’ by
‘+der Hafer+’; a favourite crop, +das Hauptgetreide+.
[8] in +Nord- und Mittelasien+.
_Section 23._
SPRING-BLOSSOMS[1].
The blossoms of Spring are as brief[2] as _they are_ beautiful. For[3]
_a_ short time they embellish the country, spreading[4], as it were, a
bridal veil over every[5] tree and hedge. It seems, indeed[6], as if
Nature had given them existence only to (S. 19, N. 7) show their worth,
and then to destroy them. Yet[7] they are “fair pledges of a fruitful
tree,” and teach us the solemn[8] lesson—that[9] everything lovely on
earth is destined soon to perish, and[10] like them to glide into the
grave.—REV. E. M. DAVIES.
[1] +Frühlingsblüten.+
[2] +vergänglich.+
[3] +Auf+; to embellish, +schmücken+.
[4] spreading = and spread; as it were, +gleichsam+.
[5] ‘every — hedge’, say ‘hedges and trees’.
[6] +wirklich+; as — only, +als hätte die Natur ihnen nur das Dasein
verliehen+.
[7] ‘Yet — tree’, say ‘They are however the lovely messengers
(+Vorboten+) of a fruitful (+fruchtreich+) tree’.
[8] solemn lesson, +ernste Wahrheit+.
[9] that — perish, +daß alles Schöne auf Erden der Vergänglichkeit
geweiht ist+.
[10] ‘and — grave’, say ‘and like the blossoms must (App. § 18) glide
(+sinken+) into an early grave’.
_Section 24._
THE WINKING[1] EYELID.
The[2] object of winking is a very important one. An outside[3] window
soon (S. 5, N. 2) gets soiled[4] and dirty, and a careful shopkeeper[5]
cleans his windows every morning. But our eye-windows must[6] never have
so much as a speck or spot upon them; and the winking eyelid[7] is the
busy apprentice who, not once a day, but[8] all the day, keeps the living
glass[9] clean; so that, after all[10], we are little worse off than the
fishes, who[11] bathe their eyes and wash their faces every moment.—PROF.
G. WILSON.
[1] +Das Öffnen und Schließen der Augenlider.+
[2] ‘The — one’, say ‘The opening and closing of the eyelid (pl.) is of
great importance.
[3] outside window = street window.
[4] +trübe.+
[5] +Ladenhüter+; supply the adv. ‘therefore’ after the verb ‘cleans’,
and place the object last of all.
[6] ‘must — them’, say ‘must (+dürfen+) never suffer (+erleiden+) even
(+selbst+) the smallest speck, the least dimness (+Trübung+).
[7] +das sich öffnende und schließende Augenlid+; ‘apprentice’, here
+Ladenbursche+.
[8] but — day, +nein, den ganzen Tag hindurch+.
[9] +Augenglas.+
[10] +genau betrachtet+; the subject should be placed immediately after
the conjunction ‘that’; little = not much; to be badly off, +schlimm
daran sein+.
[11] who — moment, +welche Augen und Gesicht jeden Augenblick baden und
waschen+.
_Section 25._
A GOOD EXAMPLE.
It is reported that, one day (S. 19, N. 2), the[1] two great philosophers
Aristippus[2] and Æschines had fallen at variance[3]. The[4] following
day, however, Aristippus came to[5] Æschines, and said: “Shall[6] we be
friends?” “Yes, with[7] all my heart!” answered Æschines. “Remember[8],”
continued Aristippus, that[9] though I am your elder, yet I sought for
peace. “True[10],” replied Æschines, “and for this[11] I will always
acknowledge you to be the more worthy man, for[12] I began the strife,
and you the peace.”—REV. J. BURROUGHS.
[1] Place the subject immediately after the conj. ‘that’.
[2] +~Aristippus~ aus Cyrene wurde (380 v. Chr.) Stifter der cyrenaischen
Philosophenschule, welche die Lehre aufstellte, daß das höchste Glück des
Menschen im sinnlichen und geistigen Vergnügen zu suchen sei. Aristippus
war ein Zeitgenosse des Socrates und der einzige Philosoph seiner Zeit,
der sich seine Vorträge mit Geld bezahlen ließ. ~Äschines~ war ein
Nebenbuhler und Gegner des Demostenes, wurde (389 v. Chr.) zu Athen
geboren, lebte später zu Rhodus und siedelte endlich nach Samos über, wo
er (314 v. Chr.) starb.+
[3] to fall at variance, +sich überwer´fen+.
[4] The = On the; however, +jedoch+, which must not be placed between
commas.
[5] Use here the def. art. contracted with the prep. +zu+ into +zum+,
for: =The def. art. is often used to mark the Gen. Dat. and Acc. of
proper names.=
[6] Shall = Will.
[7] +von ganzem Herzen!+
[8] +Erinnere dich daran.+
[9] Say ‘that I have sought for peace, although I am the elder’; to seek
for peace, +um den Frieden nach´suchen+.
[10] Say ‘That is true’.
[11] +deshalb+, adv. (App. § 14). He acknowledged you to be the more
worthy man (of us two), +Er erkannte dich ~als~ den Würdigeren von uns
beiden an+; construe according to this example, and supply the expletive
‘auch’ after the object ‘you’.
[12] +denn ich war der erste zum Streit, und du zum Frieden.+
_Section_ 26.
DESCRIPTION OF A GLACIER.
I must now explain to you[1] what a glacier is. You see before you[2]
thirty or forty mountain-peaks, and between these peaks what[3] seem to
you frozen rivers. The snow, from[4] time to time melting and dripping
down the sides of the mountain, and congealing in the elevated hollows
between the peaks, forms a half-fluid mass, a river of ice[5], which
is called (S. 4, N. 4) _a_ glacier. As[6] the whole mass lies upon
a slanting surface, and is not entirely solid throughout, it[7] is
continually pushing, with a gradual but imperceptible motion, down[8]
into the valley below.—MRS. BEECHER STOWE.
[1] Use the 2nd pers. sing.
[2] Place the words ‘before you’ after the object.
[3] +glaubst du zu Eis erstarrte Flüsse zu erblicken.+
[4] which (App. § 16) from time to time melts, drips down on the
mountain-sides (+Bergabhänge+), and congeals (+gefrieren+), etc., see
S. 16, N. 4. Supply the adverb wieder before the verb ‘congeals’. The
elevated hollow, +die höher gelegene Felsspalte+.
[5] +Eisstrom+, m.
[6] As = Since, +da+ (App. § 16); to be entirely solid throughout, +durch
und durch fest sein+.
[7] it — pushing, +so senkt sie sich fortwährend+; with a ... but, +mit
einer zwar ... doch+.
[8] down — below, +in das unten liegende Thal hinab+.
_Section 27._
WITHOUT[1] PAINS NO GAINS.
It was one of the characteristic qualities of Charles James Fox[2],
that[3] he was thoroughly pains-taking in all that he did. When[4]
appointed Secretary of State, being[5] piqued at some observation as to
his bad writing, he actually took[6] a writing-master, and wrote copies
like a schoolboy until he had sufficiently improved himself. Though[7] a
corpulent man, he[8] was wonderfully active at picking up tennis-balls,
and[9] when asked how he contrived to do so, he playfully replied:
“Because[10] I am a very pains-taking man.” The same accuracy which he
bestowed upon trifling matters[11], was displayed by him in things of
greater importance; and[12] he acquired his reputation by “neglecting
nothing.”—S. SMILES.
[1] +Ohne Mühe kein Gewinn.+
[2] +Ich möchte vorschlagen zu übersetzen+: ‘of the famous Ch. J. Fox’,
+weil dadurch das Verhältnis des Genitivs ganz klar ausgedrückt wird.
~Charles James Fox~ (1749-1806) ward schon 1768 Mitglied des Unterhauses,
1772 Lord des Schatzes, und bildete 1783 mit North und Portland ein
Ministerium, welches jedoch bald dem Ministerium Pitt weichen mußte.
Er begann darauf mit Burke und andern eine großartige parlamentarische
Opposition gegen Pitt und kämpfte von 1792-97 fast allein gegen eine
starke Majorität. Im Jahre 1806, kurz vor seinem Tode, wurde er mit
Granville nochmals ans Staatsruder berufen.+
[3] +daß er sich in allem, was er that, die größte Mühe gab.+
[4] When he was appointed (see N. 7). The verbs +~machen~+ (to make),
+~ernennen~+ (to appoint), and +~erwählen~+ (to choose, to elect), and
other =verbs denoting choosing or appointing=, require in German the
prep. +zu+ contracted with the def. art., whilst in English they govern
_two_ Nominatives in the Passive Voice; as—
+Der Freund meines Vaters ist zum Abgeordneten ~erwählt
worden~.+
My father’s friend has been elected a member of Parliament.
[5] being — writing. This clause must be rendered in an altogether
different form; let us say ‘and felt hurt by an observation as to
(+über+) his bad hand-writing’. To feel hurt by something, +sich durch
etwas verletzt fühlen+. The p. p. must be placed?
[6] ‘to take’, here +engagie´ren+; ‘actually’, here +faktisch+ (see App.
§ 15); to write copies, +sich im Schönschreiben üben+; improved himself =
improved his hand-writing.
[7] Though he was. Grammatical distinctness, as a rule, requires that the
=subject and copula=, which after certain conjunctions are so frequently
omitted in English, =should be clearly expressed in German=.
[8] When a subordinate clause, beginning with one of the conjunctions
+~da~+, +~obgleich~+, +~weil~+, and +~wenn~+, precedes a principal
clause, which is often done for the sake of emphasis, the =principal
clause= is generally =introduced by= the adverbial conjunction +=so=+
(so, thus, therefore); as—
+~Da~ es regnet, ~so~ können+ (App. § 15) +wir nicht ausgehen.+
As it is raining, we cannot go out.
‘He — balls’, +so war er im Auffangen der Bälle beim Tennisspiele doch
merkwürdig gewandt+.
[9] ‘and — so’, say ‘and when (S. 18, N. 6) one asked him how he did
(+machen+) it’. The verb +machen+ should be used in the Pres. Subj.,
since the clause contains an indirect question (App. §§ 28 and 30).
Playfully, +scherzend+.
[10] +Weil ich mir stets die größte Mühe gebe.+
[11] trifling matters, +Kleinigkeiten+; ‘was — importance’, say ‘he
showed also in more important matters’ (+Angelegenheiten+).
[12] and — nothing, +und er erwarb sich seinen Ruf dadurch, daß er nichts
für zu gering erachtete+.
_Section 28._
THE MAGNA CHARTA[1].
The great-grandsons of[2] those who had fought under William, and the
great-grandsons of those who had fought under Harold, began to[3]
draw near to each other in friendship, and the first pledge of their
reconciliation was the[4] Great Charter, won[5] by their united
exertions, and framed for their common benefit. Here commences the
history of the English nation. The history of the preceding events[6]
is the history of wrongs inflicted[7] and sustained by various tribes,
which, indeed[8], all dwelt on English ground, but[9] which regarded
each other with aversion such as[10] has scarcely ever existed between
communities separated[11] by physical barriers.—MACAULAY, HISTORY OF
ENGLAND.
[1] +Die ‘Magna Charta’ ist der am 19ᵗᵉⁿ Juni 1215 dem König Johann ohne
Land abgerungene Staatsgrundvertrag, welcher als Grundlage der englischen
Verfassung gilt.+
[2] ‘of those — Harold’. These two clauses are best rendered in a
contracted form, thus: ‘of the men who had fought under W. and H.’
[3] to draw near to each other, +sich einander nähern+; in friendship,
+freundschaftlich+, adv.
[4] +die Magna Charta.+
[5] The two clauses containing the two p. ps. must be turned into one
contracted relative clause, as explained in S. 7, N. 3, _B._ Use the
verbs in the Impf. of the Passive Voice. To frame, +entwerfen+.
[6] +Ereignis+, n.
[7] The two p. ps. qualifying ‘wrongs’ (+Unbilden+) should be placed
before that noun, as explained in S. 7, N. 3, _A_; of, +von+; to
inflict, +verüben+; to sustain, +erleiden+; by — tribes, +verschiedener
Volksstämme+.
[8] +zwar+; on = upon; ground = soil.
[9] but — aversion = but (+jedoch+) showed such an aversion against
one another. =The Article=, when used in connection with adjectives
and adverbs, stands in German generally before those words: such
_an_ aversion, +~einen solchen~ Widerwillen+. Since the clause to be
translated is in reality but a part of the preceding relative clause,
which it completes, the verb must be placed?
[10] such as, +wie+, after which supply the pron. +er+, to give more
distinctness to the rendering; to exist, +bestehen+; communities =
nations.
[11] +welche durch natürliche Grenzen von einander getrennt sind.+
_Section 29._
HONESTY.
Mr.[1] Denham had been in business at Bristol, had failed[2], compounded,
and gone[3] to America. There[4], by a close application to business
as a merchant, he acquired a plentiful[5] fortune in _a_ few years.
Returned[6] to England, he invited his old creditors to an entertainment,
at which he thanked them for the easy[7] terms (S. 16, N. 10) they had
favoured[8] him with, and, though the guests had expected nothing but a
good treat, every[9] man, at the first remove, found to his astonishment
a cheque under his plate for[10] the full amount of the unpaid
remainder, with interest.—DR. B. FRANKLIN.
[1] ‘Mr. — Bristol’, translate ‘Mr. D. had had a business at (+in+) B.’,
and place the object after the adverbial circumstance of place.
[2] to fail (in business) +fallieren+; to compound, +accordieren+.
Verbs from the Latin with the termination +~ieren~+ do not admit of the
prefix or augment +~ge~+ in the Past Participle, but follow in all other
respects the weak or modern form of conjugation.
[3] Say ‘and was gone to America’. The verb +~gehen~+ is always construed
with +=sein=+, which auxiliary is especially =used with Intransitive
Verbs= denoting a Passive State of the subject, a change from one State
into another, or a Motion, if the place to which the motion is directed,
or from which it proceeds, is either expressed or understood.
[4] The words ‘he acquired’ (+erlangen+) should, in an inverted form
(App. § 14), follow the adverb ‘There’; ‘by — merchant’, +durch
unablässige kaufmännische Thätigkeit+.
[5] plentiful = great. For the position of the object see App. § 9.
[6] +Nach England zurückgekehrt+; entertainment = meal; at which, +wobei+.
[7] +bequem+; terms, +Bedingungen+.
[8] to favour a person with something, +einem etwas gewähren+ (v. tr.);
nothing but, +nur+; treat, +Schmaus+, m.
[9] every — plate, +fand doch ein jeder nach dem ersten Gange zu seinem
Erstaunen unter dem Teller einen Wechsel vor+.
[10] for — interest = which was issued (+ausstellen+) for (+auf+) the
full amount of the remaining (+rückständig+) debt with (+nebst+) interest.
_Section 30._
FORMATION OF A CORAL-ISLAND.
I.
It seems to me, that[1] when the animalcules, which form the corals at
the bottom[2] of the ocean, cease to live, their[3] structures adhere to
each other, by virtue either of the glutinous remains within, or of some
property in salt-water. The interstices being[4] gradually filled up with
sand and[5] broken pieces of coral washed by the sea, which also adhere,
a mass of rock is at length formed. Future[6] races of these animalcules
erect their habitations upon the rising[7] bank, and[8] die, in their
turn to elevate this monument of their wonderful labours.
[1] ‘that when the animalcules ... cease to live’. This clause may be
briefly rendered by saying: ‘that after the death (+Absterben+, n.) of
the animalcules’. To translate the last noun, form a diminutive of +Tier+.
[2] +Meeresboden+, m.
[3] ‘their — salt-water’. Use the following order of words for rendering
this passage: ‘their little houses (dim. of +Haus+) either through the in
them contained glutinous remains (+Überreste+) or through some (+irgend
eine+) property of the salt-water held together are (Pres. of the Passive
Voice)’.
[4] When the =Present Participle= is used to denote a =logical cause=
from which we may draw an inference, it must, by the help of the
conjunction ‘+=da=+’, be changed into a finite verb, i.e. one with a
personal termination, thus:—
The interstices being _gradually filled up_ with sand, a mass
of rock is at length formed.
+Da nun die Zwischenräume allmählich mit Sand ~ausgefüllt
werden~, so wird aus dem Ganzen endlich eine Felsenmasse
gebildet.+
The tense in which the verb is to be used, must always be determined by
the context.
[5] and — sea, +und mit vom Meere herangespülten zerbröckelten Korallen+;
it is a matter of course that the verbs must follow this passage.
[6] The following generations.
[7] ‘to rise’, here +sich erheben+. Present Participles used
attributively are inflected like adjectives. Bank = reef.
[8] ‘and die — labours’, translate ‘and die to (S. 19, N. 7) contribute
also in their turn (+ihrerseits+) to the elevation (+Erhöhung+, f.) of
this monument of their admirable work (+Arbeit+, f.)’.
_Section 31._
FORMATION OF A CORAL-ISLAND.
II.
The[1] new bank is not long in being visited by sea-birds. Salt-plants[2]
take root upon it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_), and[3] a soil is being formed.
A cocoa-nut, or the[4] drupe of a pandanus is thrown on[5] shore.
Land-birds visit it[6] and deposit the seeds of shrubs and trees. Every
high tide, and still more[7] every gale, adds something to the bank.
The[8] form of an island is gradually assumed, and last of all[9] comes
man (S. 3, N. 2) to (S. 19, N. 7) take possession.—M. FLINDERS.
[1] The new coral-reef is (S. 2, N. 1) now soon visited by (+von+)
sea-birds.
[2] Sea-plants; to take = to strike.
[3] +und so bildet sich eine Erdschicht.+
[4] +die Frucht einer Panane. Die Panane+ (Pandanus) +ist eine Art Palme
und wird auch Pandang+ (m.) +oder Palmnußbaum genannt.+
[5] +an+, contracted with the def. art.
[6] it = the same, to agree with its antecedent ‘shore’; to deposit,
+zurück´lassen+; seeds, +Same+, m., used in the sing.
[7] still more = especially; adds — bank, +trägt etwas zur Vergrößerung
des Riffs bei+.
[8] The latter (+dieses+) gradually assumes (+an´nehmen+) the form of an
island. The adv. ‘gradually’ may be made emphatic; see App. § 14.
[9] +zuletzt+; ‘to — possession’ = to take possession of the same.
_Section 32._
REYNARD[1] CAUGHT.