ASSOCIATION IN INSANE SUBJECTS.
§ 1. GENERAL SURVEY OF PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL.
The pathological material which forms the basis of the present part of
our study consists mainly of two hundred and forty-seven test records
obtained for the most part from patients at the Kings Park State
Hospital.
The different groups from which the cases were selected, together with
the number from each group, are shown in Table I.
TABLE I.
Dementia præcox 108 cases.
Paranoic conditions 33 "
Epilepsy 24 "
General Paresis 32 "
Manic-depressive insanity 32 "
Involuntary melancholia 8 "
Alcoholic psychoses 6 "
Senile dementia 4 "
A comparison of our pathological with our normal material _en
masse_ reveals in the former evidence of a weakening of the normal
tendency to respond by common reactions. This is shown in Table II.
TABLE II.
Common Doubtful Individual
reactions. reactions. reactions.
1,000 normal subject 91.7% 1.5% 6.8%
247 insane subjects 70.7% 2.5% 26.8%
It seems evident from this that pathological significance attaches
mainly to individual reactions, so that our study resolves itself
largely into (1) an analysis and classification of individual
reactions and (2) an attempt to determine what relationship, if any,
exists between the different types of reactions and the different
clinical forms of mental disease.
§ 2. CLASSIFICATION OF REACTIONS.
Those who have attempted to use the association test in the study of
insanity have felt the need of a practical classification of
reactions, and have at the same time encountered the difficulty of
establishing definite criteria for distinguishing the different groups
from one another. It is a comparatively simple matter to make these
distinctions in a general way and even to formulate a more or less
comprehensive theoretical classification, but there still remains much
difficulty in practice. We have made repeated attempts to utilize
various systems of classification which involve free play of personal
equation in their application. Although for us the matter is greatly
simplified by the elimination of all the common reactions with the aid
of the frequency tables, we have nevertheless met with no success. The
distinctions made by either of us have on no occasion fully satisfied,
at the second reading, either the one who made them or the other,
while a comparison of the distinctions made by each of us
independently has shown a disagreement to the extent of 20-35 per
cent.
We sought, therefore, to formulate a classification in which the
various groups should be so defined as to obviate the interference of
personal equation in the work of applying it, hoping thus to achieve
greater accuracy. In this we can lay claim to only partial success;
for, in the first place, having satisfactorily defined a number of
groups, we found it necessary in the end to provide a special group
for unclassified reactions, into which falls more than one-third of
the total number of individual reactions; and, in the second place, in
at least two of our groups the play of personal equation has not been
entirely eliminated, so that there is still a possibility of error to
the extent of five per cent of individual reactions, which means
approximately one per cent of the total number of reactions. We have
found, however, that in spite of these shortcomings the classification
here proposed is more serviceable than others which, though more
comprehensive, are at the same time lacking in definiteness.
Our classification consists of the following classes, groups and
subdivisions:
I. _Common reactions._
1. Specific reactions.
2. Non-specific reactions.
II. _Doubtful reactions._
III. _Individual reactions._
1. Normal reactions.
2. Pathological reactions:
A. Derivatives of stimulus words.
B. Partial dissociation:
(a) Non-specific reactions.
(b) Sound reactions:
a. Words.
b. Neologisms.
(c) Word complements.
(d) Particles of speech.
C. Complete dissociation:
(a) Perseveration:
a. Association to preceding stimulus.
b. Association to preceding reaction.
c. Repetition of preceding stimulus.
d. Repetition of previous stimulus.
e. Repetition of preceding reaction.
f. Repetition of previous reaction.
g. Reaction repeated five times (stereotypy).
(b) Neologisms without sound relation.
3. Unclassified.
§ 3. NON-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; DOUBTFUL REACTIONS.
*Non-specific Reactions.*--It has already been intimated that common
reactions are in the vast majority of instances to be regarded as
normal. From amongst them, however, a fairly definite group can be
separated out which seems to possess some pathological significance,
namely, the group which we have termed non-specific.
In this group are placed words which are so widely applicable as to
serve as more or less appropriate reactions to almost any of our
stimulus words. That such reactions are in value inferior to the
remaining group of common reactions, which we have termed, in
contradistinction, _specific reactions_, is perhaps sufficiently
obvious; we shall speak later, however, of their occurrence in both
normal and insane cases.
It is not always easy to judge whether or not a given reaction should
be classed as non-specific. A study of our material made with special
reference to this type of reactions has enabled us to select the
following list of words, any of which, occurring in response to any
stimulus word, is classed as a non-specific reaction:
article, articles
bad
beautiful, beauty
fine
good, goodness
great
happiness, happy
large
man
necessary, necessity
nice
object (noun)
people
person
pleasant, pleasantness, pleasing, pleasure
pretty
small
thinking, thought, thoughts
unnecessary
unpleasant
use, used, useful, usefulness, useless, uselessness, uses, using
woman
work
It should be mentioned that some of these words occur as reactions to
one or several stimulus words with such frequency
(_citizen--man_, value 27.8 per cent; _health--good_, value
9.4 per cent) as to acquire in such instances a value as high as that
of strictly specific reactions.
*Doubtful Reactions* have already been defined (p.40): any
reaction word which is not found in the table in its identical form,
but which is a grammatical variant or derivative of a word found
there, is placed in this group.
§ 4. INDIVIDUAL REACTIONS; EXPLANATION OF GROUPS AND METHODS OF
APPLICATION.
*Normal Reactions.*--Inasmuch as the frequency tables do not exhaust all
normal possibilities of reaction, a certain number of reactions which
are essentially normal are to be found among the individual reactions.
In order to separate these from the pathological reactions, we have
compiled an appendix to the frequency tables, consisting mainly of
specific definitions of groups of words to be included under each
stimulus word in our list. This appendix will be found at the end of
this paper.
A word of explanation is perhaps due as to the manner in which the
appendix has been compiled. It was developed in a purely empirical
way, the basis being such individual reactions, given by both normal
and insane subjects, as seemed in our judgment to be obviously normal.
It must be acknowledged that the appendix falls short of all that
might be desired. In the first place, its use involves to some slight
extent the play of personal equation, and it therefore constitutes a
source of error; in the second place, it is in some respects too
inclusive while in other respects it is not sufficiently so. However,
the error due to personal equation is slight; the inclusion of certain
"far-fetched" or even frankly pathological reactions may be discounted
by bearing in mind that the general value of this group is not equal
to that of the group of common reactions; and the number of strictly
normal reactions which are not included is after all small. Our
experience has shown us that the appendix constitutes an important aid
in the analysis of individual reactions.
*Pathological Reactions. Derivatives of Stimulus Words.*--We
place here any reaction which is a grammatical variant or derivative
of a stimulus word. The tendency to give such reactions seems to be
dependent upon a suspension or inhibition of the normal process by
which the stimulus word excites the production of a new concept, for
we have here not a production of a new concept but a mere change in
the form of the stimulus word. As examples of such reactions may be
mentioned: _eating--eatables_, _short--shortness_,
_sweet--sweetened_, _quiet--quietness_.
*Partial Dissociation.*--We have employed the term dissociation
to indicate a rupture of that bond--whatever be its nature-which may
be supposed to exist normally between stimulus and reaction and which
causes normal persons to respond in the majority of instances by
common reactions. And we speak of partial dissociation where there is
still an obvious, though weak and superficial, connection. Under this
heading we can differentiate four types:
*Non-specific Reactions* have already been defined; we
distinguish those in this class from those in the class of common
reactions by means of the frequency tables.
*Sound Reactions.*--This type requires no explanation; the main
difficulty is to decide what degree of sound similarity between
stimulus and reaction should be deemed sufficient for placing a
reaction under this heading. The total number of different sounds
used in language articulation is, of course, small, so that any two
words are liable to present considerable chance similarity. Some
time ago we estimated the average degree of sound similarity between
stimulus words and reaction words in a series of one hundred
test records obtained from normal persons; we found that on
the average 14.53 per cent of the sounds of the stimulus words
were reproduced, in the same order, in the reaction word. Our
experience finally led us to adopt the following general rule: A
reaction is to be placed under this heading when fifty per cent of
the sounds of the shorter word of the pair are identical with sounds
of the longer word and are ranged in the same order.
Among sound reactions we occasionally find *neologisms*; for these a
separate heading is provided. Possibly their occurrence may be taken
as an indication of an exaggerated tendency to respond by sound
reactions.
*Word Compliments.*--Here we include any reaction which, added to the
stimulus word, forms a word, a proper name, or a compound word in
common use.
*Particles of Speech.*--Under this heading we include articles,
numerals, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, adverbs of time, place and
degree, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.
*Complete Dissociation.*--Here are included reactions which
appear to be entirely unrelated to the corresponding stimulus words;
in the case of such reactions the stimulus words seem to act, as
Aschaffenburg has pointed out, merely as signals for discharge. This
subdivision contains several types of reactions which seem to be
dependent upon the phenomenon of perseveration; it contains also the
rather important type of neologisms.
The phenomenon of *preservation* occurs in cases in which one may
observe an abnormal immobility of attention. To react normally to a
series of stimulus words requires on the part of the subject, in the
first place, a certain alertness in order that he may grasp quickly
and clearly the meaning of each word, and, in the second place, a
prompt shifting of the mind from one reaction to the next. When such
mental mobility is lacking the subject is liable to react not by a
response adjusted to the stimulus word, but either by repeating a
previous stimulus or reaction, or by giving a word associated to the
preceding stimulus or reaction.
The names of the different types of reactions included under the
heading of perseveration are sufficiently descriptive; we shall here
refer only to those which require further definition.
*Association to Preceding Stimulus.*--Here is placed any reaction
that is shown by the frequency tables to be related to the stimulus
preceding the one in question. Seeming or even obvious relationship,
if not established by reference to the frequency tables, is
disregarded. In the tables, however, the combination may not exist in
direct order but only in reverse order, in which case the reaction is
included here. The following examples may serve as illustrations:
_thief--night_
_lion--pocket-book_
_Lion--pocket-book_ is not found in the frequency tables, and is,
therefore, an individual reaction; _thief--pocket-book_, however,
is found there; _pocket-book_ is, therefore, classed in this case
as an association to preceding stimulus.
_table--fork_
_dark--mutton_
_Dark--mutton_ is not found in the frequency tables;
_table--mutton_ is also not found there in the direct order, but
is found in the reverse order, viz.: _mutton--table; mutton_ is,
therefore, classed in this case as an association to preceding
stimulus.
*Association to Preceding Reaction.*--If either the reaction in
question or the preceding reaction happens to be one of the stimulus
words in our list, and a relationship between the two be found to
exist by reference to the frequency tables--whether in direct or in
reverse order--the reaction in question is classed as an association
to preceding reaction. This is illustrated by the following examples:
_eating--table_
_mountain--floor_
_Mountain--floor_ is an individual reaction; _table--floor_
is found in the frequency tables; _floor_ is, therefore, classed
as an association to preceding reaction.
_beautiful--flowers_
_window--red_
_Window--red_ is an individual reaction; _red--flowers_ is
found in the frequency tables; therefore, _red_ is classed as an
association to preceding reaction.
In cases in which neither the reaction in question nor the preceding
reaction happens to be one of our stimulus words, but a relationship
between them may be judged to exist without considerable doubt, the
reaction in question is also classed here. Example:
_priest--father_
_ocean--mother_
_Ocean--mother_ is an individual reaction; neither the word
_father_ nor the word _mother_ is among our stimulus words;
but the association between the words _father_ and _mother_
may be judged to exist without considerable doubt; therefore, in this
case _mother_ is classed as an association to preceding reaction.
In such cases as this personal equation must necessarily come into
play; comparative uniformity of judgment may, however, be attained by
systematically excluding any reaction the relationship of which to the
preceding reaction is subject to any considerable doubt and by placing
any such reaction in the unclassified group.
*Repetition of Previous Stimulus.*--Here we place any reaction
which is a repetition of any previous stimulus from amongst the ten
next preceding, at the same time placing *repetition of preceding
stimulus* under a separate heading.
*Neologisms.*--Here we place the newly coined words, so commonly
given by the insane, excepting such as possess a sound relationship to
the stimulus word, for which, as already stated, a special place in
the classification has been provided.
Neologisms might be divided into three types, as follows: (1) those
which arise from ignorance of language (_comfort--uncomfort,
short--diminiature_); (2) distortions of actual words, apparently
of pathological origin and not due to ignorance (_hungry--foodation,
thief--dissteal_); and (3) those which seem to be without any
meaning whatever (_scack, gehimper, hanrow, dicut_). It is,
however, impossible to draw clear-cut distinctions between these
types, and for this reason we have made no provision in our
classification for such division.
*Unclassified Reactions.*--This group is important, in the first
place, because it is numerically a large one, and in the second place,
because it contains certain fairly definite types of reactions which
are placed here for the sole reason that we have not been able to find
strictly objective criteria for their differentiation from other
types.
It has already been stated that the frequency tables, even together
with the appendix, fail to exhaust all normal possibilities of
association, so that a certain small number of perfectly normal
reactions must fall into the unclassified group. We submit the
following examples:
_music--listen_
_smooth--suave_
_sour--curdled_
_earth--mound_
Another type of reactions found in the unclassified group, though also
normal, yet not obviously so until explained by the subject, is
represented by those which originate from purely personal experiences,
such as the following, given by normal subjects:
_blossom--T....._
_hammer--J....._
The first of these reactions is explained by the subject's acquaintance
with a young lady, Miss T...., who has been nick-named "Blossom," and
the second is explained by the subject's having among her pupils at
school a boy by the name of J.... Hammer.
It would be difficult to estimate the proportion of such reactions in
the unclassified group, but we have gained the general impression that
it is small. An attempt to place them in a separate group could be
made only with the aid of explanations from the subjects; such aid in
the case of insane subjects is generally unreliable. Moreover, to
class these reactions as strictly normal would perhaps be going too
far, since their general value is obviously inferior to that of the
common reactions; and in any case in which they are given in unusually
large numbers they must be regarded as manifestation of a tendency to
depart from the normal to the extent to which they displace common
reactions. The next type of reactions met with in the unclassified
group is characterized by a peculiarly superficial, or non-essential,
or purely _circumstantial_ relationship to the stimulus. Such
reactions, though occasionally given by normal subjects, are more
often given by insane ones, and seem to be somewhat characteristic of
states of mental deterioration which are clinically rather loosely
described as puerilism. We offer the following examples, given by
normal subjects:
_music--town_
_sickness--summer_
_child--unknown_
_house--enter_
Still another type of reactions to be considered in this connection
consists of words which are in no way related to the corresponding
stimulus words, but which arise from _distraction_ of the subject
by surrounding objects, sounds, and the like. In some cases the
experimenter may be able to judge from the direction of the subject's
gaze, from a listening attitude, and so on, that certain reactions are
due to distraction. In other cases, particularly in cases of normal
subjects, the fact that certain reactions are due to distraction may
be determined by questioning the subject on this point immediately
after making the test; In work with insane subjects, as we have
several times had occasion to point out, such aid is generally not
available.
The group of unclassified reactions includes also one more type of
reactions which are of great importance both numerically and
otherwise. These are the *incoherent reactions*, that is to say,
reactions which are determined neither by the stimulus words, nor by
the agency of perseveration, nor by distraction.
Although the occurrence of incoherent reactions is hardly subject to
doubt, yet in no instance is it possible to establish with certainty
that a given reaction is of this type, for in no instance can a
remote, or an imagined, or a merely symbolic relationship between
stimulus and reaction be positively excluded. Some, indeed, would
assert that some such relationship must necessarily exist in every
instance, at least in the domain of the subconscious. This
circumstance necessitates the placing of this type of reactions in the
unclassified group.
In practice it may be found advisable in some cases to analyze the
unclassified reactions with a view to ascertaining to what extent each
of the various types is represented among them. But one here treads on
slippery ground, and one must be continually warned against the danger
of erroneous conclusions.
§ 5. ORDER OF PREFERENCE.
After having developed the classification here proposed we found that
there was still considerable room for difference of opinion in the
placing of many reactions, owing to the circumstance that in many
cases a reaction presents features which render it assignable under
any one of two or more headings. To leave the matter of preference in
grouping: to be decided in each case according to the best judgment of
the experimenter would mean introducing again the play of personal
equation, and would thus court failure of all our efforts to
accomplish a standardization of the association test. Therefore, the
necessity of establishing a proper order of preference for guidance in
the application of the classification became to us quite apparent.
In the arrangement of the order of preference we were guided mainly by
two principles, namely: (i) as between two groups of unequal
definition, the one which is more clearly defined and which,
therefore, leaves less play for personal equation is to be preferred;
(2) as between two groups of equal definition, the one which possesses
the greater pathological significance is to be preferred. In
accordance with these principles we have adopted the order of
preference shown in Table III., placing every reaction under the
highest heading on the list under which it may be properly classed.
TABLE III
1. Non-specific (common).
2. Doubtful reactions.
INDIVIDUAL REACTIONS.
3. Sound reactions (neologisms).
4. Neologisms without sound relation.
5. Repetition of preceding reaction.
6. Reaction repeated five times.
7. Repetition of preceding stimulus.
8. Derivatives.
9. Non-specific reactions.
10. Sound reactions (words).
11. Word complements.
12. Particles of speech.
13. Association to preceding stimulus.
14. Association to preceding reaction (by frequency tables).
15. Repetition of previous reaction.
16. Repetition of previous stimulus.
17. Normal (by appendix).
18. Association to preceding reaction (without frequency tables).
19. Unclassified.
§ 6. ERRORS INVOLVED IN THE USE OF ARBITRARY OBJECTIVE STANDARDS.
It may readily be seen that such definiteness and uniformity as this
classification possesses results from the introduction of more or less
arbitrary criteria for the differentiation of the various types of
reactions. The question might arise, To what extent do the
distinctions thus made correspond to reality? To consider, for
instance, our rule for the placing of sound reactions (50 per cent of
the sounds of the shorter word to be present, in the same order, in
the other word): when a given reaction (_man--minstrel_) is in
accordance with the rule assigned under the heading of sound
reactions, can it be assumed that sound similarity and not some other
relationship is the determining factor of the association in question?
Or when in, a given instance (_cabbage--cobweb_) the sound
similarity falls somewhat short of the standard required by the rule,
can it be assumed that sound similarity is not, after all, the
determining factor?
Similar questions may, of course, arise in connection with other
subdivisions.
It must, indeed, be conceded that objective methods can reveal but
indirectly and with uncertainty the inner mechanism which produces any
association and that in any given instance it would be impossible to
establish the correctness of grouping in accordance with such
methods. However, to decide that question for any given reaction is
really not necessary in practice, since an error made through wrongly
placing one, two, or three reactions tinder any heading is of no
significance; the types acquire importance only when represented by
large numbers in a record under consideration; and when many reactions
fall tinder a single heading the likelihood of error, as affecting the
record as a whole, is by that fact alone greatly reduced.
The whole question might more profitably be approached from another
point of view: To what extent are the distinctions of this
classification useful? An answer to this question can be found only in
the results.
§ 7. ANALYSIS OF PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL
We present in Table IV, the results of a statistical examination of
the records obtained from certain groups of normal subjects and from
some groups of insane subjects.
The normal groups have been studied for the purpose of determining the
frequency and manner of occurrence among normal subjects of the
various of abnormal reactions. It seemed best for this purpose to
consider separately the records of those subjects who gave an
unusually large number of individual reactions. Fifty-three records
containing fifteen or more individual reactions were found after a
fairly diligent search among our normal test records. In the other
groups of subjects--persons of common school education, persons of
collegiate education, and children--we included no records containing
more than ten individual reactions.
The more striking departures from average normal figures are indicated
in the table by the use of heavy type.
This table reveals associational tendencies as occurring in connection
with the psychoses studied. A better insight into the nature of these
tendencies can be gained by a special analysis of the test of each
clinical group.
DEMENTIA PRÆCOX
In this psychosis we find the number of individual reactions far
exceeding not only that of the normal but that of any other psychosis
which we studied. To a corresponding extent we find the number of the
highest type of normal reactions--the common specific
reactions--reduced.
TABLE IV.
TYPES OF REACTION
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA
+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+----+
_Common reactions:_ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific reactions................|90|89.8|....|90|89.7|....|91|89.4|....|72|71.4|....|631/2|58.9|....|82|71.3|....|71|63.7|....|78 |71.8|....|80 |71.2|....|
Non-specific reactions............| 4| 4.9|....| 4| 4.1|....| 5| 5.7|....| 3| 4.8|....| 3 | 4.2|....| 4| 4.8|....| 5| 6.0|....|41/2 | 5.3|....|31/2 | 4.6|....|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
_Doubtful reactions_................| 1| 1.1|....| 1| 0.6|....| 0| 0.7|....| 2| 2.3|....| 2 | 2.5|....| 2| 3.0|....| 3| 3.0|....| 2 | 2.2|....| 2 | 3.0|....|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
_Individual reactions:_ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Normal reactions..................| 2| 1.8|41.8| 1| 1.8|35.8| 1| 1.6|42.0| 7| 7.3|33.4| 4 | 4.8|13.9| 3| 3.5|16.3|31/2| 3.4|12.6| 3 | 3.6|17.4|41/2 | 5.3|24.3|
Derivatives of stimulus words.....| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.02| 0.3| 0| 0| 0 | 0|0.04| 0.2| 0 |0.16|0.46| 0|0.10|0.40| 0|0.04|0.15| 0 |0.09|0.45| 0 |0.09|0.43|
Non-specific Reactions............| 0| 0.1| 3.3| 0|0.1 | 1.2| 0|0.2 | 5.3| 0|0.4 | 2.0| 0 |0.6 |1.7 | 0|0.4 |1.7 | 0|0.5 |1.8 | 1 |0.5 |2.4 | 0 |0.3 |1.6 |
Sound reactions (words)...........| 0|0.08| 1.9| 0|0.05| 0.9| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.11| 0.5| 0 |1.62|4.7 | 1|1.60|7.4 | 0|0.54|2.0 | 0 |0.22|1.0 | 1 |1.53|7.1 |
Sound reactions (neologisms)......| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.02| 0.3| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.07|0.2 | 0|1.0 |4.7 | 0|0.17|0.6 | 0 |0.06|0.3 | 0 |0.03|0.1 |
Word complements..................| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.03| 0.6| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.08| 0.3| 0 |0.06|0.2 | 0|0.03|0.1 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.06|0.3 | 0 |0.10|0.9 |
Particles of speech...............| 0|0.09| 2.2| 0|0.06| 1.2| 0|0.06| 1.6| 0|0.68| 3.1| 0 |1.06|3.1 | 0|0.50|2.2 | 0|1.53|5.3 | 0 |1.22|5.3 | 0 |1.32|6.1 |
Association to preceding stimulus.| 0|0.06| 1.4| 0|0.06| 1.2| 0|0.04| 1.1| 0|0.49| 2.2| 0 |0.92|2.7 | 0|0.60|2.7 | 1|1.04|3.8 | 0 |0.75|3.6 | 0 |0.53|2.5 |
Association to preceding reaction.| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.04| 1.0| 0|0.09| 0.4| 1 |1.29|3.8 | 0|0.40|2.0 | 1|2.50|9.2 | 1 |3.69|17.7| 0 |0.37|1.7 |
Repetition of preceding stimulus..| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.03| 0.6| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.06|0.2 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.08|0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Repetition of previous stimulus...| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.01| 0.3| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.02| 0.1| 0 |0.12|0.4 | 0|0.10|0.4 | 0|0.29|1.1 | 0 |0.28|1.4 | 0 |0.22|1.0 |
Repetition of preceding reaction..| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.03| 0.6| 0|0.02| 0.5| 0|0.08| 0.3| 0 |1.16|3.4 | 0|0.12|0.6 | 0|0.58|2.1 | 0 |2.28|10.9| 0 |0.73|3.6 |
Repetition of previous reaction...| 0|0.21| 4.7| 0|0.31| 6.3| 0|0.23| 5.8| 0|0.92| 4.2| 1 |2.72|7.9 | 1|1.51|7.1 | 3|3.46|12.7| 0 |0.87|4.2 | 0 |0.91|4.2 |
Reaction repeated five times......| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.05| 0.9| 0|0.08| 2.1| 0|0.32| 1.5| 0 |1.52|4.4 | 0|1.21|5.5 | 0|4.58|16.8| 0 |1.28|6.1 | 0 |0.81|3.8 |
Neologisms without sound relation.| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.02| 0.5| 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |1.90|5.5 | 0|0.81|3.7 | 0|0.58|2.1 | 0 |0.09|0.4 | 0 |0.31|1.5 |
Unclassified......................| 2| 1.8|43.4| 2|2.5 |50.3| 1|1.5 |39.4|11|11.1|51.2|11 |16.2|47.2| 5|9.3 |43.5| 6|7.7 |28.5| 5 |5.9 |28.4| 4 |8.6 |40.1|
+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+----+
Total individual reactions | 4| 4.2|....| 5|5.1 |....| 9|3.9 |....|21|21.8|....|261/2|34.3|....|10|21.3|....|19|27.2|....|141/2|20.8|....|111/2|21.5|....|
+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+--+----+----+--+----+----+---+----+----+---+----+----+
86 normal subjects, common school education; records containing not
over 10 individual reactions.
A. Median per cent of all reactions.
B. Average per cent of all reactions.
C. Average per cent of individual reactions.
66 normal subjects, collegiate education; records containing not over
10 individual reactions.
D. Median per cent of all reactions.
E. Average per cent of all reactions.
F. Average per cent of individual reactions.
46 normal subjects, school children; records containing not over 10
individual reactions.
G. Median per cent of all reactions.
H. Average per cent of all reactions.
I. Average per cent of individual reactions.
53 normal subjects; records containing not under 15 individual
reactions.
J. Median per cent of all reactions.
K. Average per cent of all reactions.
L. Average per cent of individual reactions.
108 cases of dementia præcox.
M. Median per cent of all reactions.
N. Average per cent of all reactions.
O. Average per cent of individual reactions.
33 cases of paranoic conditions.
P. Median per cent of all reactions.
Q. Average per cent of all reactions.
R. Average per cent of individual reactions.
24 cases of epilepsy.
S. Median per cent of all reactions.
T. Average per cent of all reactions.
U. Average per cent of individual reactions.
32 cases of general paresis.
V. Median per cent of all reactions.
W. Average per cent of all reactions.
X. Average per cent of individual reactions.
32 cases of manic-depressive insanity.
Y. Median per cent of all reactions.
Z. Average per cent of all reactions.
AA. Average per cent of individual reactions.
While almost every type of individual reactions shows here an increase
over the normal averages, the most striking increases are shown by the
table to be in the groups of unclassified reactions, neologisms, sound
reactions, and some types of perseveration. A further examination of
the individual test records shows that there is no uniformity of
associational tendencies in this clinical group, but that several
tendencies are more or less frequently met with either alone or in
various combinations. Yet some of these tendencies, when appearing at
all prominently, are so highly characteristic of dementia præcox as to
be almost pathognomonic. Among these may be mentioned: (1) the
tendency to give _neologisms_, particularly those of the
senseless type; (2) the tendency to give unclassified reactions
largely of the _incoherent_ type; and (3) the tendency toward
_stereotypy_ manifested chiefly by abnormally frequent
repetitions of the same reaction. Fairly characteristic also is the
occasional tendency to give sound reactions. Again, occasionally one
encounters pronounced _perseveration_, and at least two of our
subjects gave a good many unclassified reactions obviously due to
_distraction_.
It must be noted that not infrequently cases of dementia præcox give
test records that cannot be distinguished from normal. It seems that
the pathological associational tendencies constitute merely a special
group of symptoms, some of which may be expected to be manifest in
cases which have reached a state of advanced mental deterioration, but
may not necessarily be present in the early stages of the disease. On
the other hand there is evidence to show that these tendencies may in
some cases appear among the earliest manifestations. This matter will
be referred to again.
Thus the test records of dementia præcox depart from the normal not
sharply but by a gradual shading off. We find similar gradual
transitions between dementia præcox and other psychoses. For this
work we selected cases in which the diagnoses were established with
reasonable certainty. Whether or not in cases of doubtful clinical
classification this association test may be of aid in determining the
diagnosis, is a question that must for the present remain open.
We submit herewith copies of test records. The numbers which appear
after the reactions indicate in each case the reaction type, in
accordance with Table III. (p. 27); common specific reactions are not
numbered.
CASE No. 4752.--H.J. Neologisms; some unclassified reactions, mostly
incoherent.
Table--meadow.........19
Dark--black...........
Music--sweet..........
Sickness--dead........ 2
Man--manion........... 3
Deep--near............19
Soft--sooner..........19
Eating--formble....... 4
Mountain--gair........ 4
House--temble......... 4
Black--benched........ 4
Mutton--ranched....... 4
Comfort--bumble....... 4
Hand--semble.......... 4
Short--simber......... 4
Fruit--narrow.........13
Butterfly--Ben........19
Smooth--gum...........19
Command--bramble......19
Chair--low............
Sweet--temper.........19
Whistle--bensid....... 4
Woman--hummery........ 4
Cold--gunst........... 4
Slow--bemper.......... 4
Wish--tip.............19
River--gumper......... 4
White--Andes..........19
Beautiful--giinper.... 4
Window--hummer........ 4
Rough--geep........... 4
Citizen--humper....... 4
Foot--zuper........... 4
Spider--gumper........ 4
Needle--himper........ 4
Red--gumper........... 4
Sleep--moop........... 4
Anger--rumble.........19
Carpet--slamper....... 4
Girl--Mnker........... 4
High--bumper.......... 4
Working--gumpip....... 4
Sour--imper........... 4
Earth--gumper......... 4
Trouble--humper....... 4
Soldier--guipper...... 4
Cabbage--phar......... 4
Hard--her.............12
Eagle--damnornott..... 4
Stomach--dumper....... 4
Stem--gumper.......... 4
Lamp--huntenit........ 4
Dream--hungnot........ 4
Yellow--bampir........ 4
Bread--gumper......... 4
Justice--sidnerber.... 4
Boy--eeper............ 4
Light--huntznit....... 4
Health--geeper........ 4
Bible--himpier........ 4
Memory--hummer........19
Sheep--hunner......... 4
Bath--bemnitper....... 4
Cottage--gumper....... 4
Swift--dumper......... 4
Blue--dipper..........19
Hungry--hummer........ 3
Priest--rump..........19
Ocean--himmer......... 4
Head--hiniper......... 4
Stove--gamper......... 4
Long--humble..........19
Religion--gumper...... 4
Whiskey--numper....... 4
Child--himmer......... 4
Bitter--gehimper...... 3
Hammer--gueep......... 4
Thirsty--humper....... 4
City--deeper..........19
Square--bummer........ 4
Butter--bimper........ 3
Doctor--harner........ 4
Loud--harner.......... 4
Thief--himmer......... 4
Lion--humor...........19
Joy--gumpier.......... 4
Bed--hoomer........... 4
Heavy--doomer......... 4
Tobacco--per..........12
Baby--hoomer.......... 4
Moon--gumper.......... 4
Scissors--gumper...... 4
Quiet--humper......... 4
Green--gueet.......... 3
Salt--rummer.......... 4
Street--numper........ 4
King--himper.......... 4
Cheese--guinter....... 4
Blossom--yunger....... 4
Afraid--yunger........ 4
CASE No. 5183.--G. D. Neologisms; numerous unclassified reactions,
mostly incoherent; some sound neologisms.
Table--muss...........19
Dark--gone............19
Music--caffa.......... 4
Sickness--monk........19
Man--boy..............
Deep--lesson..........19
Soft--ness............ 4
Eating--pie............
Mountain--Gus.........19
House--muss...........15
Black--court..........19
Mutton--beef..........
Comfort--ness......... 4
Hand--koy............. 4
Short--ness........... 4
Fruit--dalb........... 4
Butterfly--flack...... 4
Smooth--mess..........19
Command--cork.........19
Chair--ness........... 4
Sweet--Bess...........17
Whistle--toy..........
Woman--girl...........
Cold--cork............15
Slow--mass............19
Wish--veil............ 4
River--mouth..........17
White--cast...........17
Beautiful--ness....... 4
Window--crow..........19
Rough--ratter.........19
Citizen--zide......... 4
Foot--malloy.......... 4
Spider--straw.........19
Needle--cast..........15
Red--Roman............19
Sleep--scack.......... 4
Anger--gois........... 4
Carpet--noise.........13
Girl--call............18
High--hort............ 4
Working--kaffir.......19
Sour--romerscotters... 4
Earth--bell...........19
Trouble--tramine...... 4
Soldier--gas..........19
Cabbage--cor.......... 4
Hard--kalbas.......... 4
Eagle--bell...........15
Stomach--chenic....... 4
Stem--trackstar....... 3
Lamp--loss............19
Dream--melso.......... 4
Yellow--ormondo....... 4
Bread--life...........
Justice--quartz.......19
Boy--nellan........... 4
Light--cor............ 4
Health--hallenbee..... 4
Bible--book...........
Memory--bike..........19
Sheep--armen.......... 4
Bath--cor............. 4
Cottage--callan....... 4
Swift--swar........... 3
Blue--blacksen........ 4
Hungry--scatterbuck... 4
Priest--canon.........17
Ocean--men............19
Head--will............19
Stove--somen.......... 4
Long--lass............19
Religion--cor......... 4
Whiskey--hanrow....... 4
Child--vand........... 4
Bitter--bike..........15
Hammer--hemmel........ 3
Thirsty--cass......... 4
City--cor............. 4
Square--malice........19
Butter--back..........19
Doctor--ness.......... 4
Loud--arman........... 4
Thief--cast...........15
Lion--loss............15
Joy--kaffir...........15
Bed--banrow........... 4
Heavy--cast...........15
Tobacco--colrow....... 4
Baby--boil............19
Moon--padoc........... 4
Scissors--kantow...... 4
Quiet--kilroe......... 4
Green--graft..........10
Salt--semen...........19
Street--pess.......... 4
King--guess...........19
Cheese--tiffer........ 4
Blossom--cad..........19
Afraid--mellows.......19
CASE No. 1500.--D.V. Considerable number of neologisms; stereotypy
manifested partly in a tendency toward frequent repetition of certain
reactions but mainly in a persistent tendency to make use of the
grammatical form of present participle, giving rise to numerous
doubtful reactions.
Table--stand..........
Dark--lonesome........
Music--playing........
Sickness--disease.....
Man--hiding...........19
Deep--unreckless...... 4
Soft--beginning.......19
Eating--plenty........
Mountain--high........
House--standing....... 6
Black--grivelling..... 4
Mutton--plenty........15
Comfort--laying.......19
Hand--disease.........15
Short--writing........13
Fruit--coming.........19
Butterfly--flying.....
Smooth--glimming...... 4
Command--master.......
Chair--standing....... 6
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--blowing......
Woman--loving.........
Cold--cellar..........19
Slow--coming..........15
Wish--dreaming........ 2
River--divided........19
White--wall...........
Beautiful--pleasant... 1
Window--breaking...... 2
Rough--tumble.........
Citizen--gentleman....
Foot--sweating........19
Spider--biting........ 2
Needle--stinging...... 2
Red--coloring.........
Sleep--dreaming.......
Anger--widing......... 4
Carpet--cleaning......
Girl--pretty.......... 1
High--degrace......... 4
Working--nobody.......19
Sour--holling......... 4
Earth--disgrace.......19
Trouble--plenty.......
Soldier--shooting.....13
Cabbage--welldebell... 4
Hard--earning......... 4
Eagle--setting........19
Stomach--degrivel..... 4
Stem--biting..........19
Lamp--burning.........
Dream--walking........19
Yellow--blowing.......15
Bread--making.........
Justice--unpossible... 4
Boy--growing.......... 2
Light--stand.......... 6
Health--raising.......19
Bible--teaching....... 2
Memory--together......12
Sheep--weeding........19
Bath--held............19
Cottage--standing..... 2
Swift--incuriossable.. 4
Blue--smooven......... 4
Hungry--uncareless.... 4
Priest--going.........19
Ocean--moving......... 2
Head--setting.........15
Stove--warm...........
Long--slowly.......... 2
Religion--everything..19
Whiskey--burning......
Child--born...........
Bitter--taking........19
Hammer--hitting....... 2
Thirsty--drinking.....
City--welldebell...... 4
Square--taking........15
Butter--soft..........
Doctor--instrument....19
Loud--speaking........ 2
Thief--gitting........ 4
Lion--scared..........17
Joy--playing.......... 2
Bed--laying........... 2
Heavy--raisen......... 4
Tobacco--eating.......19
Baby--born............
Moon--shining.........
Scissors--cutting.....
Quiet--hitting........15
Green--landed.........19
Salt--throwing........19
Street--walking.......
King--tension.........19
Cheese--eating........
Blossom--growing...... 2
Afraid--nobody........
CASE No. 5138.--C.J. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--tablecloth.....
Dark--forward.........19
Music--instrument.....
Sickness--fluid.......19
Man--hemale........... 4
Deep--steep...........
Soft--hard............
Eating--mountain......19
Mountain--raven.......19
House--shutter........17
Black--blue...........
Mutton--beef..........
Comfort--discomfort...
Hand--wrist...........
Short--tall...........
Fruit--vegetable......
Butterfly--bee........
Smooth--rough.........
Command--orders.......
Chair--sofa...........
Sweet--sour...........
Whistle--fife.........
Woman--girl...........
Cold--warm............
Slow--faster.......... 2
Wish--not............. 2
River--neck...........17
White--blue...........
Beautiful--homely.....
Window--sill..........
Rough--paint..........19
Citizen--pedestrian...19
Foot--rose............19
Spider--towel.........19
Needle--lifter........19
Red--dove.............19
Sleep--coat...........13
Anger--smile..........19
Carpet--gas...........19
Girl--kite............19
High--cow.............19
Working--candy........19
Sour--peach...........17
Earth--balloon........19
Trouble--grass........13
Soldier--brass........17
Cabbage--flea.........19
Hard--cat.............19
Eagle--negro..........10
Stomach--winter.......19
Stem--leaf............
Lamp--cloth...........19
Dream--slumber........
Yellow--pink..........
Bread--glass..........19
Justice--coal.........19
Boy--maid.............
Light--shine..........
Health--pale..........17
Bible--leaf...........
Memory--grief.........19
Sheep--giraffe........19
Bath--soap............
Cottage--scene........19
Swift--slow...........
Blue--piece...........19
Hungry--food..........
Priest--minister......
Ocean--waves..........
Head--black...........
Stove--lid............
Long--short...........
Religion--Christian...
Whiskey--malt.........
Child--baby...........
Bitter--sweet.........
Hammer--nail..........
Thirsty--water........
City--steeple.........19
Square--marble........19
Butter--bread.........
Doctor--aster.........19
Loud--fog.............19
Thief--Mary...........19
Lion--tiger...........
Joy--glad.............
Bed--sheet............
Heavy--light..........
Tobacco--smoke........
Baby--powder..........
Moon--sky.............
Scissors--handle......
Quiet--sing...........19
Green--pink...........
Salt--chimney.........19
Street--block.........
King--crown...........
Cheese--tea...........17
Blossom--leaves.......
Afraid--frighten......
CASE No. 17979.--R.T. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--full...........19
Dark--coldness........ 2
Music--aeronaut.......19
Sickness--better......
Man--extension........19
Deep--electrician.....19
Soft--harden.......... 2
Eating--stomach.......
Mountain--Lord........19
House--roof...........
Black--darkness.......
Mutton--working.......19
Comfort--ahead........12
Hand--mercury.........19
Short--have...........12
Fruit--flavor.........19
Butterfly--plant......13
Smooth--level.........
Command--obedient.....
Chair--rest...........
Sweet--polish.........19
Whistle--note.........
Woman--comfort........
Cold--pleasant........ 1
Slow--move............
Wish--wealth..........
River--shell..........19
White--change.........19
Beautiful--sat........19
Window--temperature...39
Rough--shell..........15
Citizen--soldier......
Foot--travel..........
Spider--web...........
Needle--point.........
Red--temperature......15
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--temper.........
Carpet--court.........10
Girl--birth...........10
High--dirt............19
Working--ease.........
Sour--bait............ 4
Earth--vexation.......19
Trouble--business.....
Soldier--obedient..... 2
Cabbage--fell.........19
Hard--solid...........
Eagle--government.....19
Stomach--chest........
Stem--wish............19
Lamp--brilliancy......17
Dream--unso........... 4
Yellow--color.........
Bread--crust..........
Justice--truth........
Boy--obedient.........
Light--heart.......... 2
Health--feeling.......
Bible--scripture......
Memory--saying........19
Sheep--wool...........
Bath--get.............19
Cottage--morrell...... 4
Swift--good........... 1
Blue--look............19
Hungry--have..........12
Priest--scripture.....15
Ocean--supply.........19
Head--manager.........17
Stove--shake..........19
Long--journey.........
Religion--thought..... 1
Whiskey--lusk......... 4
Child--wish...........15
Bitter--enmalseladiga. 4
Hammer--efface........19
Thirsty--want.........
City--comforts........15
Square--crown.........19
Butter--flavor........15
Doctor--dram..........19
Loud--temper..........15
Thief--catched........ 2
Lion--crown...........15
Joy--pleasure......... 1
Bed--comforts.........
Heavy--thoughts....... 1
Tobacco--changes......15
Baby--pleasure........ 1
Moon--brilliancy...... 2
Scissors--edge........
Quiet--baptism........19
Green--autumn.........19
Salt--gather..........19
Street--thoroughfare..
King--crown...........
Cheese--flavor........15
Blossom--wood.........17
Afraid--downhearted...17
CASE No. 3307.--G.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; slight
tendency to respond by sound reactions.
Table--desk...........
Dark--blue............
Music--stars..........13
Sickness--trees.......19
Man--menace...........10
Deep--soap............19
Soft--excited.........19
Eating--spelling......10
Mountain--marbles.....19
House--train..........19
Black--bed............19
Mutton--button........10
Comfort--steak........13
Hand--flexible........19
Short--umbrella.......17
Fruit--blanket........19
Butterfly--grass......
Smooth--sheet.........19
Command--carpet.......19
Chair--store..........19
Sweet--flower.........
Whistle--linen........19
Woman--water..........19
Cold--coal............
Slow--ferry...........17
Wish--sample..........19
River--shades.........19
Whiter--blue..........
Beautiful--suspender..19
Window--wood..........
Rough--chisel.........19
Citizen--ruler........
Foot--snake...........19
Spider--fly...........
Needle--bird..........13
Red--green............
Sleep--opening........19
Anger--angry..........
Carpet--stitching.....19
Girl--madam...........17
High--ceiling.........
Working--easy.........
Sour--warm............19
Earth--heaven.........
Trouble--astonished...19
Soldier--man.......... 1
Cabbage--carrot.......
Hard--softness........ 2
Eagle--parrot.........
Stomach--mind.........19
Stem--stable..........10
Lamp--oil.............
Dream--awake..........
Yellow--darkness...... 2
Bread--rough..........19
Justice--male.........19
Boy--buoy.............10
Light--standing.......19
Health--very..........12
Bible--ashamed........19
Memory--staring.......19
Sheep--stock..........
Bath--sponge..........
Cottage--house........
Swift--mouse..........19
Blue--fall............19
Hungry--appetite......
Priest--pastor........
Ocean--waves..........
Head--hat.............
Stove--blackening..... 2
Long--garden..........19
Religion--goodness.... 1
Whiskey--Kummell......17
Child--woman.......... 1
Bitter--coughing......19
Hammer--sofa..........19
Thirsty--pillow.......18
City--united..........19
Square--oblong........
Butter--lard..........
Doctor--physician.....
Loud--easy............
Thief--burglar........
Lion--tiger...........
Joy--healthy.......... 2
Bed--thread...........10
Heavy--gloves.........17
Tobacco--cigar........
Baby--hood............11
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--knife.......
Quiet--recollect......17
Green--ring...........19
Salt--pencil..........19
Street--bushes........19
King--Germany.........17
Cheese--rice..........17
Blossom--pepper.......19
Afraid--allspice......18
CASE NO. 971.--O.M. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--vote...........19
Dark--plenty..........19
Music--health.........19
Sickness--fright......
Man--manager..........10
Deep--slow............19
Soft--pepper..........19
Eating--vanity........19
Mountains--slept......19
House--courage........19
Black--funeral........
Mutton--age...........19
Comfort--slide........19
Hand--credit..........19
Short--Simpson........17
Fruit--physician......19
Butterfly--torment....19
Smooth--button........17
Command--scarf........19
Chair--rage...........19
Sweet--cider..........17
Whistle--lace.........19
Woman--debt...........19
Cold--powderly........ 4
Slow--telephone.......19
Wish--regret..........17
River--herald.........19
White--black..........
Beautiful--jolly......19
Window--pane..........
Rough--duty...........19
Citizen--ward.........17
Foot--minister........19
Spider--handsome......19
Needle--pin...........
Red--white............
Sleep--apple..........13
Anger--sour...........19
Carpet--wood..........
Girl--boy.............
High--low.............
Working--height.......13
Sour--pitcher.........19
Earth--clam...........19
Trouble--necessity.... 9
Soldier--marine.......
Cabbage--watermelon...17
Hard--cracker.........17
Eagle--bright.........19
Stomach--back.........
Stem--stimulant.......10
Lamp--hair............19
Dream--knees..........19
Yellow--amen..........12
Bread--general........19
Justice--no........... 2
Boy--grass............19
Light--thought........ 9
Health--depression....17
Bible--judger......... 4
Memory--stomach.......19
Sheep--crusade........19
Bath--labor...........19
Cottage--cotton.......10
Swift--depth..........19
Blue--crimson.........17
Hungry--alloyed.......19
Priest--politicians...17
Ocean--sea............
Head--cranium.........
Stove--soft...........19
Long--biles........... 4
Religion--bunion......10
Whiskey--vinegar......17
Child--edge...........19
Bitter--born..........10
Hammer--wood..........
Thirsty--cradle.......19
City--flames..........19
Square--eating........19
Butter--dirt..........19
Doctor--malefactor....19
Loud--quinine.........19
Thief--joy............19
Lion--sage............19
Joy--thorn............19
Bed--draper...........19
Heavy--close..........19
Tobacco--weed.........
Baby--stop............19
Moon--starch..........19
Scissors--crepe.......17
Quiet--bustle.........19
Green--color..........
Salt--throw...........19
Street--ferment.......19
King--jaunce.......... 4
Cheese--tepid.........19
Blossom--woman........ 9
Afraid--shame.........17
CASE No. 01665.--E.H. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--cent...........19
Dark--sweet...........19
Music--delighted...... 2
Sickness--pop.........19
Man--change...........19
Deep--pass............19
Soft--drop............19
Eating--fair..........19
Mountains--heavy......19
House--fate...........19
Black--right..........19
Mutton--with..........12
Comfort--indeed.......12
Hand--span............10
Short--stop...........
Fruit--dip............19
Butterfly--home.......19
Smooth--days..........19
Command--stop.........15
Chair--pledge.........19
Sweet--right..........15
Whistle--home.........15
Woman--Louisa.........17
Cold--chair...........16
Slow--aid.............19
Wish--book............ 2
River--shoes..........19
White--ouch...........12
Beautiful--not........12
Window--papers........19
Rough--lettuce........19
Citizen--money........17
Foot--stand...........
Spider--socks.........19
Needle--drops.........15
Red--glass............17
Sleep--suits..........19
Anger--suits.......... 5
Carpet--hat...........19
Girl--president.......19
High--pass............19
Working--knock.......19
Sour--cake............19
Earth--home...........
Trouble--news.........17
Soldier--name.........19
Cabbage--rule.........19
Hard--rope............19
Eagle--in.............12
Stomach--potato.......17
Stem--pick............
Lamp--berry...........18
Dream--book...........
Yellow--lettuce.......19
Bread--chews..........17
Justice--night........15
Boy--bat..............17
Light--rasp...........19
Health--off...........12
Bible--comforter...... 2
Memory--candy.........19
Sheep--eat............
Bath--sweet...........19
Cottage--walk.........19
Swift--reason.........19
Blue--dot.............19
Hungry--swift.........16
Priest--birth.........19
Ocean--stop...........15
Head--strap...........19
Stove--pot............17
Long--name............
Religion--day.........13
Whiskey--take.........19
Child--jaw............17
Bitter--licorice......17
Hammer--sound.........
Thirsty--cards........19
City--dice............18
Square--muff..........19
Butter--stick.........19
Doctor--perfect.......19
Loud--walk............15
Thief--jail...........
Lion--cow.............
Joy--nail.............19
Bed--new..............19
Heavy--down...........12
Tobacco--prize........19
Baby--new.............15
Moon--new.............
Scissors--teach.......19
Quiet--man............ 1
Green--water..........17
Salt--money...........19
Street--right.........15
King--girl............19
Cheese--house.........19
Blossom--work......... 1
Afraid--jars..........19
CASE M.F. (from Hudson River State Hospital).--Unclassified reactions,
mostly incoherent.
Table--heat...........19
Dark--succeed.........19
Music--benefit........19
Sickness--steep.......19
Man--dicut............ 4
Deep--rectify.........19
Soft--bed.............
Eating--dozy..........19
Mountain--tulu........ 4
House--sails..........19
Black--sunrise........19
Mutton--tuition.......19
Comfort--blasphemous..19
Hand--doing...........
Short--pest...........19
Fruit--charm..........19
Butterfly--doctor.....19
Smooth--border........19
Command--right........
Chair--distill........19
Sweet--noticed........19
Whistle--stead........19
Woman--splice.........19
Cold--strap...........19
Slow--chief...........19
Wish--shame...........19
River--word...........19
White--color..........
Beautiful--better.....19
Window--dull..........19
Rough--bright.........18
Citizen--chum.........19
Foot--relax...........19
Spider--float.........19
Needle--action........19
Red--stout............19
Sleep--lazy...........17
Anger--anguish........
Carpet--knowledge.....19
Girl--first...........10
High--hand............19
Working--power........17
Sour--mud.............19
Earth--sky............
Trouble--sorrow.......
Soldier--manhood...... 2
Cabbage--righteous....19
Hard--beaten..........17
Eagle--dog............19
Stomach--paste........19
Stem--dust............10
Lamp--fall............19
Dream--idle...........17
Yellow--zone..........19
Bread--pan............17
Justice--tricks.......17
Boy--barrel...........19
Light--powers.........15
Health--kindness......19
Bible--story..........
Memory--pillow........19
Sheep--veil...........19
Bath--ink.............19
Cottage--paper........19
Swift--arrow..........
Blue--cold............
Hungry--dyes..........19
Priest--cloak.........19
Ocean--pilot..........17
Head--tin.............19
Stove--plate..........17
Long--trouble.........19
Religion--soap........19
Whiskey--starch.......18
Child--night..........19
Bitter--contentment...19
Hammer--shortness.....19
Thirsty--knife........19
City--mind............19
Square--truth......... 2
Butter--biscuit.......
Doctor--piles.........17
Loud--distrust........19
Thief--babies.........19
Lion--hair............
Joy--eyesight.........19
Bed--dievos........... 4
Heavy--determined.....19
Tobacco--health.......19
Baby--wood............19
Moon--heat............15
Scissors--squeeze.....19
Quiet--tears..........19
Green--fall...........15
Salt--soft............10
Street--wait..........19
King--inches..........19
Cheese--doctor........15
Blossom--fades........19
Afraid--hearts........ 2
CASE No. 01552.--E.J.D. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--unicorn..........19
Dark--African...........17
Music--love.............
Sickness--slumber.......17
Man--minstrel...........10
Deep--river.............
Soft--highwayman........19
Eating--England.........19
Mountain--pleasure...... 1
House--Christianity.....19
Black--directory........19
Mutton--capers..........19
Comfort--mankind........12
Hand--surface...........19
Short--court............10
Fruit--pleasure.........
Butterfly--dispatcher...19
Smooth--navigation......19
Command--administration. 9
Chair--time.............19
Sweet--office...........13
Whistle--foreign........19
Woman--usefulness.......
Cold--frigid............
Slow--vocation..........19
Wish--longing...........
River--tributary........17
White--island...........
Beautiful--unseen.......19
Window--frugal..........19
Rough--nautical.........19
Citizen--pedestrian.....19
Foot--laugh.............19
Spider--jungle..........19
Needle--man............. 9
Red--monde.............. 4
Sleep--resustication.... 4
Anger--uncared..........19
Carpet--foreign.........15
Girl--celt..............19
High--wine..............10
Working--prayer.........19
Sour--flower............10
Earth--tariff...........19
Trouble--ledger.........19
Soldier--work...........
Cabbage--ancient........19
Hard--provender.........19
Eagle--school...........19
Stomach--bowels.........
Stem--tide..............
Lamp--scientific........19
Dream--somno.............4
Yellow--pain............19
Bread--populous.........19
Justice--thwart.........19
Boy--globe..............19
Light--female...........13
Health--linen...........19
Bible--divine...........17
Memory--current.........19
Sheep--water............
Bath--rain..............18
Cottage--journal........19
Swift--yacht............17
Blue--novel.............19
Hungry--viand........... 2
Priest--pedestrian......15
Ocean--commotion........10
Head--sugar.............19
Stove--writer...........19
Long--mingle............19
Religion--tent..........
Whiskey--copulency...... 4
Child--editor...........19
Bitter--backward........19
Hammer--youth...........19
Thirsty--salt...........17
City--gentler...........19
Square--angelus.........19
Butter--pastry..........17
Doctor--veterinary......17
Loud--muslin............19
Chief--grocer...........19
Lion--trip..............19
Joy--penance............17
Bed--granite............19
Heavy--note.............19
Tobacco--vanese......... 4
Baby--school............15
Moon--element...........19
Scissors--elderly.......19
Quiet--trinity..........19
Green--commissioner.....19
Salt--strength..........19
Street--voyager.........19
King--sorrow............19
Cheese--holiday.........19
Blossom--parks..........19
Afraid--stamina.........17
CASE No. 667.--C.L. Pronounced stereotypy. Following note on test
record: "Many attempts were made to secure a reaction other than
'cat,' but usually without success; the reaction _cold--warm_ was
given spontaneously and with apparent interest; most reactions were
given only in response to much urging, or else mechanically, without
attention."
Table--cat............ 6
Dark--rat.............18
Music--shoe...........19
Sickness--cat......... 6
Man--boy..............
Deep--cat............. 6
Soft--hat.............19
Eating--cat........... 6
Mountain--hit.........19
House--gold...........19
Black--woman.......... 9
Mutton--get...........19
Comfort--cousin.......19
Hand--Jesus...........19
Short--hat............15
Fruit--hand...........16
Butterfly--going......19
Smooth--hat...........15
Command--boy..........
Chair--hat............15
Sweet--cat............ 6
Whistle--boy..........
Woman--cat............
Cold--warm............
Slow--button..........19
Wish--cat............. 6
River--cat............ 5
White--rat............15
Beautiful--good....... 1
Window--wheel.........19
Rough--good........... 9
Citizen--candy........19
Foot--cat............. 6
Spider--dog...........19
Needle--cat........... 6
Red--button...........15
Sleep--cat............ 6
Anger--go.............15
Carpet--cat........... 6
Girl--in..............12
High--little..........19
Working--cold.........19
Sour--cat............. 6
Earth--tag............19
Trouble--cat.......... 6
Soldier--cat.......... 5
Cabbage--cat.......... 5
Hard--cat............. 5
Eagle--cat............ 5
Stomach--cat..........
Stem--hat.............15
Lamp--cat............. 6
Dream--cat............ 5
Yellow--cat...........
Bread--cat............ 5
Justice--cat.......... 5
Boy--cat.............. 5
Light--cat............ 5
Health--cat........... 5
Bible--cat............ 5
Memory--cat........... 5
Sheep--cat............ 5
Bath--cat............. 5
Cottage--cat.......... 5
Swift--cat............
Blue--cat............. 5
Hungry--cat........... 5
Priest--cat........... 5
Ocean--cat............ 5
Head--cat............. 5
Stove--cat............ 5
Long--cat............. 5
Religion--cat......... 5
Whiskey--cat.......... 5
Child--cat............ 5
Bitter--cat........... 5
Hammer--cat........... 5
Thirsty--cat.......... 5
City--cat............. 5
Square--cat........... 5
Butter--cat........... 5
Doctor--cat........... 5
Loud--cat............. 5
Thief--cat............ 5
Lion--cat.............
Joy--cat.............. 5
Bed--cat.............. 5
Heavy--cat............ 5
Tobacco--cat.......... 5
Baby--cat............. 5
Moon--cat............. 5
Scissors--cat......... 5
Quiet--cat............ 5
Green--cat............ 5
Salt--cat............. 5
Street--cat........... 5
King--cat............. 5
Cheese--cat........... 5
Blossom--cat.......... 5
Afraid--cat...........
CASE No. 6006.--E.T.S. Stereotypy
Table--eat............
Dark--unkindness......19
Music--beautiful...... 1
Sickness--suffering...
Man--good............. 1
Deep--unkindness......15
Soft--unkindness...... 5
Eating--digesting.....
Mountain--low.........
House--small.......... 1
Black--darkness.......
Mutton--good.......... 1
Comfort--home.........
Hand--useful.......... 1
Short--useful......... 5
Fruit--healthy........
Butterfly--beautiful.. 1
Smooth--unkindness....15
Command--great........ 9
Chair--useful......... 1
Sweet--healthy........15
Whistle--beautiful.... 6
Woman--good........... 1
Cold--unhealthy.......19
Slow--good............ 6
Wish--always..........12
River--needed......... 6
White--pretty......... 1
Beautiful--trees......
Window--needed........ 6
Rough--unneeded....... 4
Citizen--needed....... 6
Foot--needed.......... 2
Spider--needed........ 5
Needle--needed........ 5
Red--beautiful........ 2
Sleep--beautiful...... 1
Anger--needed......... 6
Carpet--needed........ 5
Girl--needed.......... 5
High--height..........
Working--needed....... 6
Sour--needed.......... 5
Earth--needed......... 5
Trouble--trust........10
Soldier--needed....... 6
Cabbage--needed....... 5
Hard--trouble.........
Eagle--beautiful...... 6
Stomach--trouble......
Stem--shoot...........10
Lamp--light...........
Dream--pleasant....... 1
Yellow--pretty........ 1
Bread--good........... 1
Justice--needed....... 6
Boy--needed........... 5
Light--Pretty......... 6
Health--needed........
Bible--needed......... 5
Memory--needed........ 2
Sheep--needed......... 5
Bath--needed.......... 5
Cottage--needed....... 5
Swift--needed......... 5
Blue--pretty.......... 1
Hungry--food..........
Priest--Father........
Ocean--fresh..........19
Head--unhealthy.......15
Stove--warmth.........
Long--length..........
Religion--needed...... 2
Whiskey--needed....... 5
Child--needed.........
Bitter--needed........ 5
Hammer--needed........ 5
Thirsty--water........
City--pretty.......... 6
Square--honest........
Butter--good.......... 1
Doctor--needed........
Loud--needed.......... 5
Thieft--trust.........
Lion--love............19
Joy--laughter.........
Bed--comfortable......
Heavy--sleepiness..... 2
Tobacco--needed....... 6
Baby--needed.......... 5
Moon--needed.......... 5
Scissors--needed...... 5
Quiet--pleasure....... 1
Green--me.............18
Salt--needed..........
Street--needed........ 5
King--needed.......... 5
Cheese--needed........ 5
Blossom--needed....... 5
Afraid--nervous.......
CASE No. 2292.--C.M. Perseveration: numerous instances of association
to preceding reaction; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--tree...........19
Dark--night...........
Music--instrument.....
Sickness--smoke.......19
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--water...........
Soft--tide............18
Eating--potato........
Mountain--milk........13
House--clay...........17
Black--polish.........17
Mutton--goat..........
Comfort--cream........10
Hand--hay.............19
Short--meat...........19
Fruit--pears..........
Butterfly--flower.....
Smooth--smell.........10
Command--drink........19
Chair--wine...........18
Sweet--honey..........
Whistle--wind.........
Woman--whiskey........19
Cold--fire............
Slow--speed...........
Wish--go..............
River--boat...........
White--stem...........13
Beautiful--cloak......17
Window--drift.........19
Rough--storm..........
Citizen--citron.......10
Foot--feed............19
Spider--web...........
Needle--thread........
Red--sew..............13
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--health.........13
Carpet--carrots.......10
Girl--eat.............19
High--horse...........19
Working--hay..........15
Sour--cut.............19
Earth--machine........19
Trouble--repair.......18
Soldier--mow..........19
Cabbage--plant........
Hard--seed............18
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--egg..........17
Stem--join............
Lamp--oil.............
Dream--burn...........13
Yellow--gas...........18
Bread--flour..........
Justices--drink.......19
Boy--girl.............
Light--man............ 9
Health--woman......... 1
Bible--baby...........10
Memory--want..........19
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--hay..........15
Swift--corn...........18
Blue--eat.............18
Hungry--ham...........17
Priest--pickle........18
Ocean--turnip.........18
Head--hair............
Stove--coal...........
Long--wood............13
Religion--lemon.......10
Whiskey--wheat........17
Child--rye............18
Bitter--medicine......
Hammer--nail..........
Thirsty--beer.........
City--cake............19
Square--pie...........18
Butter--cream.........
Doctor--herb..........19
Loud--duck............19
Thief--feathers.......18
Lion--animal..........
Joy--peace............
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--rest...........13
Tobacco--chew.........
Baby--chair...........19
Moon--sun.............
Scissors--cut.........
Quiet--hair...........18
Green--grapes.........
Salt--bag.............19
Street--stone.........
King--cement..........18
Cheese--money.........19
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--fast..........19
CASE No. 17880.--E.D. Numerous repetitions of reactions previously
given; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; neologisms.
Table--eating.........
Dark--night...........
Music--piano..........
Sickness--stoppery.... 4
Man--manly............
Deep--knowing......... 6
Soft--undoable........ 4
Eating--oblong........19
Mountain--guide.......19
House--residing....... 2
Black--dress..........
Mutton--aiding........19
Comfort--escorted..... 6
Hand--escorted........ 5
Short--unescorted.....18
Fruit--eating.........
Butterfly--interfere..19
Smooth--knowing....... 6
Command--unerrorer.... 4
Chair--seated.........
Sweet--durable........19
Whistle--treated......19
Woman--help........... 2
Cold--stoppery........ 4
Slow--unknowing....... 4
Wish--treated.........15
River--boats..........
White--treasurer......19
Beautiful--form.......
Window--outlook.......
Rough--unescorted.....15
Citizen--residing..... 2
Foot--travel..........
Spider--stoppery...... 4
Needle--clothing...... 2
Red--color............
Sleep--stoppery....... 4
Anger--unguarded......17
Carpet--residence.....15
Girl--help............ 6
High--escorted........ 6
Working--man.......... 1
Sour--form............15
Earth--platformer..... 4
Trouble--unguarded....15
Soldier--sentinel..... 2
Cabbage--dinners...... 2
Hard--escorted........ 6
Eagle--newspaper......17
Stomach--health.......
Stem--winding.........
Lamp--reading.........
Dream--guarded........19
Yellow--aged..........19
Bread--knowing........ 6
Justice--bar..........17
Boy--help............. 6
Light--advice.........19
Health--doableness.... 4
Bible--church.........
Memory--knowing....... 2
Sheep--aided..........15
Bath--stoppery........ 4
Cottage--seashore.....
Swift--business.......17
Blue--help............ 6
Hungry--unadded....... 4
Priest--Rome..........19
Ocean--help........... 6
Head--knowing......... 2
Stove--cooking........
Long--bank............19
Religion--church......
Whiskey--drink........
Child--help........... 6
Bitter--error.........16
Hammer--builder....... 2
Thirsty--drink........
City--building........
Square--unerrorer..... 4
Butter--eating........
Doctor--destroyer.....10
Loud--notoriety.......17
Thief--error..........15
Lion--lord............19
Joy--escorted......... 6
Bed--unescorted.......15
Heavy--unescorted..... 5
Tobacco--chewing......
Baby--help............ 6
Moon--knowing......... 6
Scissors--tailor......
Quiet--form...........15
Green--moneyed........19
Salt--eating..........
Street--city..........
King--adds............19
Cheese--eating........
Blossom--escorted..... 6
Afraid--unguarded.....15
CASE No. 6065.--A.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent;
perseveration: instances of association to preceding reaction and to
preceding stimulus.
Table--stove..........19
Dark--clear...........19
Music--calm...........19
Sickness--exact.......19
Man--particular.......18
Deep--personal........18
Soft--frank...........19
Eating--determined....19
Mountain--idea........19
House--street.........
Black--water..........
Mutton--ground........19
Comfort--country......18
Hand--fire............19
Short--straight.......10
Fruit--flowers........
Butterfly--horn.......19
Smooth--farm..........19
Command--forbidden.... 2
Chair--bed............
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--noise........
Woman--boy............
Cold--house...........13
Slow--store...........14
Wish--work............19
River--sound..........17
White--blue...........
Beautiful--fair.......
Window--door..........
Rough--glass..........13
Citizen--dress........19
Foot--exact...........15
Spider--fly...........
Needle--pins..........
Red--person........... 9
Sleep--nervous........17
Anger--determined.....15
Carpet--floor.........
Girl--man............. 1
High--fruit...........19
Working--wear.........10
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--early..........10
Trouble--state........19
Soldier--girl.........18
Cabbage--woman........ 9
Hard--heart...........
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--friend.......19
Stem--tree............
Lamp--couch...........19
Dream--desk...........19
Yellow--table.........
Bread--chair..........14
Justice--truth........
Boy--honor............13
Light--tails..........19
Health--care..........
Bible--book...........
Memory--remembrance...
Sheep--free...........19
Bath--court...........19
Cottage--pitcher......19
Swift--strong.........
Blue--delicate........18
Hungry--bread.........
Priest--church........
Ocean--ship...........
Head--height.......... 2
Stove--people......... 9
Long--heart...........15
Religion--Catholic....
Whiskey--Brooklyn.....19
Child--New York.......18
Bitter--frost.........19
Hammer--summer........10
Thirsty--fall.........18
City--autumn..........18
Square--winter........18
Butter--daily.........19
Doctor--midnight......19
Loud--forenoon........18
Thief--afternoon......18
Lion--evening.........18
Joy--sorrow...........
Bed--obstinate........19
Heavy--indifferent....19
Tobacco--pipe.........
Baby--mother..........
Moon--daughter........18
Scissors--son.........18
Quiet--sister.........18
Queen--brother........18
Salt--forward.........19
Street--proper........19
King--vulgar..........18
Cheese--personal......15
Blossom--tree.........
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 17188.--G.B. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly
incoherent
Table--tablet.........10
Dark--dot.............10
Music--Lizzie.........19
Sickness--Josh........17
Man--McMahon..........10
Deep--deaf (deef).....10
Soft--sulphur.........10
Eating--itching.......10
Mountain--mouth.......10
House--horse..........10
Black--back...........10
Mutton--button........10
Comfort--community....10
Hand--hat.............10
Short--shore..........10
Fruit--Freehoff.......10
Butterfly--busty...... 3
Smooth--small......... 1
Command--Cummings.....10
Chair--cherries.......10
Sweet--sweeten........ 8
Whistle--Walters......19
Woman--wayman.........10
Cold--laboratory......19
Slow--slaw............10
Wish--wishbone........
River--Ontario........17
White--William........19
Beautiful--bureau.....10
Window--Weldon........10
Rough--saw............17
Citizen--Sendow.......17
Foot--hoof............17
Spider--web...........
Needle--shoe..........19
Red--book.............
Sleep--sitting........19
Anger--Freeman........19
Carpet--longing.......19
Girl--gone............19
High--law.............19
Working--back.........15
Sour--clock...........19
Earth--flower.........
Trouble--sensibility..17
Soldier--sodder.......10
Cabbage--Cabot........10
Hard--done............ 2
Eagle--time...........19
Stomach--mat..........19
Stem--water...........
Lamp--florist.........19
Dream--Conners........19
Yellow--flower........
Bread--water..........
Justice--Gaynor.......17
Boy--passion..........19
Light--life...........
Health--wealth........
Bible--gone...........15
Memory--Hans..........19
Sheep--pasture........
Bath--Rogan...........19
Cottage--house........
Swift--swim...........10
Blue--Thompson........19
Hungry--memory........18
Priest--golden........18
Green--hat............15
Head--broom...........19
Stove--fan............19
Long--time............
Religion--Yukon.......19
Whiskey--Freeman......15
Child--Hopkins........17
Bitter--brown.........19
Hammer--hands.........19
Thirsty--thirty.......10
City--sure............19
Square--squire........10
Butter--Tam O'Shanter.10
Doctor--Dorsan........10
Loud--law.............15
Thief--child..........19
Lion--dirty...........19
Joy--commerce.........19
Bed--strike...........19
Heavy--Walden.........19
Tobacco--Alice........19
Baby--water...........15
Moon--handsome........19
Scissors--comet.......19
Quiet--tiger..........19
Green--tree...........
Salt--salary..........10
Street--prunes........19
King--kind............19
Cheese--handsome......15
Blossom--pretty....... 1
Afraid--Africa........10
CASE No. 6238.--M.H. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly
incoherent.
Table--token..........19
Dark--dye.............17
Music--meat...........10
Sickness--sorrow......
Man--mother...........17
Jeep--dark............
Soft--silk............
Eating--elephant......19
Mountain--many........10
House--home...........
Black--brown..........
Mutton--men...........10
Comfort--cat..........10
Hand--hat.............10
Short--shift..........10
Fruit--free...........10
Butterfly--baby.......19
Smooth--soft..........
Command--cat..........10
Chair--comfort........
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--wine.........19
Woman--when...........10
Cold--cat.............15
Slow--short...........
Wish--when............12
River--Rhine..........
White--when...........10
Beautiful--baby.......
Window--wide..........
Rough--red............19
Citizen--company......19
Foot--feeling.........19
Spider--speck.........10
Needle--nothing.......18
Red--rose.............
Sleep--should.........12
Anger--after..........10
Carpet--cat...........10
Girl--God.............19
High--heaven..........
Working--will......... 2
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--eaten..........14
Trouble--tea..........10
Soldier--sailor.......
Cabbage--cobweb.......19
Hard--haven't.........12
Eagle--eaten..........15
Stomach--sat..........10
Stem--should..........12
Lamp--little..........19
Dream--did............12
Yellow--you...........10
Bread--butter.........
Justice--Jesus........10
Boy--baby.............
Light--love...........14
Health--heaven........
Bible--bitch..........19
Memory--man........... 1
Sheep--shepherd.......
Bath--both............10
Cottage--cat..........10
Swift--said...........19
Blue--bad............. 9
Hungry--haven't.......12
Priest--Pope..........
Ocean--open...........10
Head--heart...........
Stove--steel..........
Long--little..........15
Religion--right.......
Whiskey--when.........12
Child--chimney........19
Bitter--both..........19
Hammer--heart.........15
Thirsty--think........ 9
City--church..........17
Square--swift.........19
Butter--bread.........
Doctor--debtor........10
Loud--loaf............19
Thief--theatre........10
Lion--liar............10
Joy--jam..............19
Bed--broom............19
Heavy--hard...........
Tobacco--Tom..........19
Baby--brother.........17
Moon--men............. 2
Scissors--shift.......10
Quiet--quilt..........10
Green--grass..........
Salt--said............19
Street--Stevens.......10
King--kite............19
Cheese--cat...........15
Blossom--bad.......... 9
Afraid--anger.........
CASE No. 12720.--J.B. Unclassified reactions, many of which are
probably due to distraction; some stereotypy. Note on test record
states: "Influenced by sensory impressions, but gave good attention to
each stimulus word. Had some difficulty in limiting his response to
one word, but made all possible effort to comply with every
request. On one occasion he was asked to react with his eyes closed,
but was unable, under the unnatural conditions, to respond with one
word."
Table--floor..........
Dark--light...........
Music--shoe...........19
Sickness--well........
Man--boy..............
Deep--sea.............
Soft--soap............
Eating--tea...........17
Mountain--forest......17
House--horse..........10
Black--sill...........19
Mutton--tablecloth....17
Comfort--black........16
Hand--fingers.........
Short--wrist..........13
Fruit--soup...........17
Butterfly--grape......13
Smooth--coat..........
Command--vest.........18
Chair--pillow.........19
Sweet--brick..........19
Whistle--knuckles.....19
Woman--wall...........19
Cold--eating..........19
Slow--swift...........
Wish--knob............19
River--pad............19
White--book...........19
Beautiful--shadow..... 6
Window--stockings.....19
Bough--stand..........19
Citizen--blue.........19
Foot--brass...........19
Spider--shoelace......19
Needle--name..........19
Red--sunlight.........19
Sleep--flag...........18
Anger--slant..........19
Carpet--rip...........19
Girl--lady............
High--stripe..........19
Working--steam........17
Sour--handkerchief....19
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--insect.......19
Soldier--army.........
Cabbage--sill.........15
Hard--washstand.......19
Eagle--blue...........15
Stomach--tap..........19
Stem--sill............15
Lamp--back............19
Dream--shadow......... 2
Yellow--blanket.......19
Bread--horizontal.....19
Justice--ink..........19
Boy--taste............19
Light--yellow.........
Health--book..........19
Bible--Joseph.........17
Memory--Joe...........18
Sheep--pillow.........19
Bath--Mott............19
Cottage--globe........19
Swift--continue.......19
Blue--notice..........19
Hungry--Josephine.....19
Priest--sixteen.......12
Ocean--flag...........15
Head--cabbage.........
Stove--rivet..........17
Long--floor...........19
Religion--priest......
Whiskey--tin..........19
Child--shadow......... 6
Bitter--black.........15
Hammer--buttons.......15
Thirsty--shadow....... 6
City--back............15
Square--oval..........
Butter--table.........
Doctor--doorway.......10
Loud--shadow.......... 6
Thief--butter.........16
Lion--difference......19
Joy--ink..............15
Bed--butter...........15
Heavy--shadow......... 6
Tobacco--wood.........13
Baby--wall............15
Moon--lightning.......17
Scissors--book........15
Quiet--yellow.........15
Green--sole...........19
Salt--ink.............15
Street--sides.........19
King--stripes.........19
Cheese--butter........
Blossom--trees........
Afraid--boy...........
CASE No. 5374.--J.F. Perseveration; some stereotypy; sound reactions;
unclassified reactions many of which are probably due to distraction.
Note on test record states: "Understood what was expected, but could
not be induced to give much attention to the stimulus words; sat
facing a window, and showed a strong tendency to merely name objects
in sight. Reaction time very short, in some cases so short that it is
doubtful if he recognized the stimulus word at all."
Table--God............19
Dark--angel...........18
Music--bird...........
Sickness--woman....... 9
Man--male.............
Deep--dove............19
Soft--dog.............19
Eating--horse.........18
Mountain--mule........18
House--dog............
Black--rabbit.........18
Mutton--hen...........18
Comfort--dog..........15
Hand--clock...........
Short--myself.........
Fruit--post...........19
Butterfly--bricks.....19
Smooth--glass.........
Command--sand.........10
Chair--leaf...........19
Sweet--wood...........19
Whistle--earth........19
Woman--grass..........14
Cold--mustard.........19
Slow--kale............19
Wish--lampsquob....... 4
River--ten............12
White--rock...........17
Beautiful--water......17
Window--scene.........
Rough--been...........12
Citizen--house........13
Foot--stable.......... 2
Spider--horse.........13
Needle--pin...........
Red--cushion..........18
Sleep--black..........13
Anger--white..........14
Carpet--vingency...... 4
Girl--noodles.........19
High--macaroni........18
Working--tomatoes.....18
Sour--asparagus.......18
Earth--oakry.......... 4
Trouble--peas.........19
Soldier--beans........18
Cabbage--greens.......
Hard--cow.............19
Eagle--robin..........
Stomach--hawk.........13
Stem--fishes..........19
Lamp--whale...........18
Dream--shark..........18
Yellow--crabs.........18
Bread--red............10
Justice--jam..........19
Boy--be............... 2
Light--girl...........13
Health--filth.........10
Bible--book...........
Memory--bad........... 1
Sheep--dat............ 4
Bath--oval............19
Cottage--nurse........19
Swift--begin..........19
Blue--joy.............19
Hungry--wonder........10
Priest--apostle.......17
Ocean--preacher.......13
Head--dead............10
Stove--store..........10
Long--lone............10
Religion--world.......19
Whiskey--whisper......10
Child--gule........... 4
Bitter--Rugby.........19
Hammer--ball..........18
Thirsty--sun..........19
City--Christ..........10
Square--Jesus.........18
Butter--Joe...........19
Doctor--John..........17
Loud--Luke............18
Thief--St. Matthew....18
Lion--lie.............10
Joy--George...........10
Bed--Beth.............10
Heavy--tither......... 4
Tobacco--iron.........13
Baby--blade...........10
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--sun.........13
Quiet--wired..........10
Green--mean...........10
Salt--Lou.............19
Street--vault.........19
King--sepulchre.......18
Cheese--Presbyterian..19
Blossom--Baptist......18
Afraid--Methodist.....18
CASE No. 1431.--A.L. Sound reactions; particles; unclassified
reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--ammitting...... 4
Dark--cat.............
Music--hello..........12
Sickness--spelling....19
Man--then.............12
Deep--heap............10
Soft--deep............ 7
Eating--people........ 1
Mountain--striking....19
House--pat............19
Black--and............12
Mutton--it............12
Comfort--herself......12
Hand--self............19
Short--length.........
Fruit--long...........13
Butterfly--quick......19
Smooth--edges.........19
Command--first........17
Chair--exact..........19
Sweet--nicest......... 2
Whistle--thistle......10
Woman--pins...........19
Cold--waving..........19
Slow--swift...........
Wish--choice..........17
River--never..........10
White--black..........
Beautiful--much.......19
Window--such..........19
Rough--exact..........15
Citizen--just.........
Foot--root............10
Spider--diving........19
Needle--Hercules......19
Red--green............
Sleep--deep...........
Anger--grief..........
Carpet--cheap.........19
Girl--ink.............19
High--I...............10
Working--loafing......
Sour--hour............10
Earth--hurt...........10
Trouble--bubble.......10
Soldier--yes..........12
Cabbage--garbage......10
Hard--hitting.........17
Eagle--fitting........19
Stomach--pitting......19
Stem--condemned.......10
Lamp--stamp...........10
Dream--stained........19
Yellow--purple........
Bread--pimple.........19
Justice--suit.........17
Boy--ahoy.............12
Light--night..........
Health--wealth........
Bible--indeed.........12
Memory--remembering...
Sheep--cow............
Bath--sponge..........
Cottage--people....... 1
Swift--left...........10
Blue--shift...........19
Hungry--property......19
Priest--judge......... 2
Ocean--river..........
Head--sea.............13
Stove--Venus..........19
Long--hog.............19
Religion--pigeon......10
Whiskey--gin..........
Child--thing..........19
Bitter--better........10
Hammer--happy......... 9
Thirsty--whiskey......17
City--fitting.........10
Square--round.........
Butter--shut..........10
Doctor--exercise......19
Loud--accounts........10
Thief--endless........19
Lion--tiger...........
Joy--fast.............19
Bed--grass............19
Heavy--heaving........10
Tobacco--queen........19
Baby--water...........19
Moon--room............19
Scissors--pants.......17
Quiet--razor..........13
Green--steel..........18
Salt--sharp...........
Street--fence.........19
King--bring...........10
Cheese--eggs..........
Blossom--see..........19
Afraid--awaiting......19
CASE No. 6251.--C.D. Some stereotypy; particles; unclassified
reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--doctor.........19
Dark--nigger..........17
Music--violin.........
Sickness--whores......19
Man--Mulcane..........17
Deep--deaf............19
Soft--hearing.........18
Eating--pillow........13
Mountain--sight.......19
House--pure...........19
Black--nigger.........
Mutton--plenty........ 6
Comfort--middle.......19
Hand--left............17
Short--one............12
Fruit--up.............12
Butterfly--bird.......
Smooth--never......... 6
Command--commodore....10
Chair--seat...........
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--highest......19
Woman--Constance......17
Cold--temperature.....
Slow--walk............
Wish--wishbone........
River--love...........19
White--Dr. White......17
Beautiful--pretty..... 1
Window--dove..........19
Rough--fine........... 1
Citizen--United States
Foot--left............15
Spider--web...........
Needle--ether.........19
Red--pot..............
Sleep--wake...........
Anger--mad............
Carpet--pretty........ 1
Girl--boy.............
High--Heidel..........10
Working--never........
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--bride..........19
Trouble--mischief.....
Soldier--war..........
Cabbage--head.........
Hard--never........... 6
Eagle--fly............
Stomach--go...........19
Stem--study...........10
Lamp--light...........
Dream--behave.........19
Yellow--false.........19
Bread--plenty......... 6
Justice--just.........
Boy--come.............19
Light--Davie..........19
Health--wealth........
Bible--Constance......15
Memory--fine.......... 1
Sheep--plenty......... 6
Bath--bother..........10
Cottage--mansion......
Swift--hurry..........
Blue--flowers......... 2
Hungry--never.........
Priest--highest....... 2
Ocean--land...........
Head--millionaire.....19
Stove--twenty-five....12
Long--thirty-four.....12
Religion--churches....
Whiskey--plenty....... 6
Child--baby...........
Bitter--sorrow........
Hammer--court.........19
Thirsty--blood........11
City--this............12
Square--I.............12
Butter--plenty........ 6
Doctor--millionaire...15
Loud--tell............17
Thief--rich...........19
Lion--west............19
Joy--ever.............12
Bed--Constance........15
Heavy--fine........... 9
Tobacco--back.........10
Baby--millionaire.....15
Moon--always..........12
Scissors--large....... 9
Quiet--stay...........19
Green--flowers........
Salt--perfume.........18
Street--floor.........19
King--Haaken..........19
Cheese--kiss..........19
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--never.........
CASE No. 17607.--P.D. Test record somewhat approaching the normal: 24
individual reactions, of which 16 are unclassified, mostly "far
fetched" and not strictly incoherent. Patient is a well-marked case of
dementia præcox but only moderately deteriorated; works well at the
hospital.
Table--oak..............
Dark--brown.............
Music--falsetto.........17
Sickness--typhoid.......
Man--gender.............19
Deep--feet..............19
Soft--feeling...........
Eating--partaking.......19
Mountain--hunter........19
House--dwelling.........
Black--color............
Mutton--sheep...........
Comfort--coziness....... 2
Hand--anatomy...........
Short--stature..........
Fruit--apples...........
Butterfly--insect.......
Smooth--plain...........
Command--order..........
Chair--furniture........
Sweet--sugar............
Whistle--steam..........
Woman--sex..............
Cold--degree............
Slow--speedless.........
Wish--expression........
River--Amazon...........
White--pulp.............17
Beautiful--description..
Window--opaque..........19
Rough--uncouth..........
Citizen--qualification..19
Foot--anatomy...........
Spider--bug.............
Needle--steel...........
Red--color..............
Sleep--slumber..........
Anger--aroused..........
Carpet--texture......... 2
Girl--female............
High--up................
Working--doing..........
Sour--lemon.............
Earth--dirt.............
Trouble--distress.......
Soldier--uniform........
Cabbage--crop...........19
Hard--metal.............
Eagle--bird.............
Stomach--anatomy........
Stem--pipe..............
Lamp--glass.............
Dream--atmosphere.......19
Yellow--color...........
Bread--flour............
Justice--equality.......
Boy--male...............
Light--sun..............
Health--color...........
Bible--nonsense.........19
Memory--retentiveness... 2
Sheep--quadruped........
Bath--water.............
Cottage--stories........19
Swift--speed............
Blue--navy..............
Hungry--appetite........
Priest--uniform.........15
Ocean--Atlantic.........
Head--stature...........15
Stove--iron.............
Long--inches............17
Religion--creed.........
Whiskey--hops...........
Child--neuter...........19
Bitter--horehound.......17
Hammer--steel...........
Thirsty--degree.........15
City--population........
Square--sides...........
Butter--cream...........
Doctor--physician.......
Loud--noise.............
Thief--characterization.19
Lion--menagerie.........
Joy--openness...........19
Bed--furniture..........
Heavy--weight...........
Tobacco--plant..........
Baby--egg...............19
Moon--astronomy.........
Scissors--blades........
Quiet--noiseless........
Green--Paris............11
Salt--crystal...........17
Street--lane............
King--usurper...........19
Cheese--milk............
Blossom--bud............
Afraid--scared..........
CASE No. 5537.--J.H. Test record approaching the normal: 21
individual reactions, 8 classed as normal, 1 non-specific, 12
unclassified, mostly "far fetched" but not strictly incoherent.
Well-marked dementia præcox, but of recent origin and but slight
deterioration.
Table--eat............
Dark--night...........
Music--pleasure....... 1
Sickness--suffering...
Man--farmer...........17
Deep--low.............
Soft--hard............
Eating--life..........
Mountain--earth.......
House--dwelling.......
Black--color..........
Mutton--food..........
Comfort--rest.........
Hand--limb............
Short--small.......... 1
Fruit--nourishing.....
Butterfly--flower.....
Smooth--straight......
Command--obey.........
Chair--furniture......
Sweet--palate......... 8
Whistle--noise........
Woman--marriage.......
Cold--indisposed......17
Slow--weary...........19
Wish--work............ 9
River--tug............
White--sheets......... 2
Beautiful--rare.......19
Window--ventilation...
Rough--uneven.........
Citizen--public.......17
Foot--walk............
Spider--web...........
Needle--sew...........
Red--marine........... 1
Sleep--repose.........
Anger--assault........17
Carpet--cloth.........
Girl--sister..........
High--above...........
Working--labor........
Sour--bitter..........
Earth--farm...........
Trouble--fight........
Soldier--duty.........
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--stone...........
Eagle--large.......... 1
Stomach--body.........
Stem--leaf............
Lamp--light...........
Dream--unconsciousness
Yellow--flag..........
Bread--hunger.........
Justice--freedom......
Boy--school...........
Light--electricity....
Health--business......19
Bible--religion.......
Memory--brain.........
Sheep--pasture........
Bath--clean...........
Cottage--property.....17
Swift--current........
Blue--uniform.........17
Hungry--appetite......
Priest--church........
Ocean--commerce.......19
Head--thought......... 1
Stove--iron...........
Long--distance........
Religion--belief......
Whiskey--alcohol......
Child--parent.........
Bitter--taste.........
Hammer--trade.........19
Thirsty--beverage.....
City--position........19
Square--block.........
Butter--yellow........
Doctor--profession....
Loud--fiddle..........17
Thief--police.........
Lion--Africa..........
Joy--sensation........
Bed--rest.............
Heavy--burden.........
Tobacco--store........19
Baby--care............
Moon--atmosphere......
Scissors--dressmaker..
Quiet--lonesome.......
Green--color..........
Salt--house...........19
Street--neighborhood..17
King--beast...........19
Cheese--merchant......19
Blossom--flowers......
Afraid--train.........10
CASE No. 6190.--L.L. Test record not distinguishable from normal.
Case of recent onset, with little, if any deterioration.
Table--chair..........
Dark--light...........
Music--note...........
Sickness--health......
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--shallow.........
Soft--hard............
Eating--breakfast.....
Mountain--rock........
House--chimney........
Black--white..........
Mutton--animal........
Comfort--chair........
Hand--foot............
Short--long...........
Fruit--ripe...........
Butterfly--fields.....
Smooth--hard..........
Command--army.........
Chair--straw..........19
Sweet--bitter.........
Whistle--engine.......
Woman--man............ 1
Cold--hot.............
Slow--fast............
Wish--desire..........
River--brook..........
White--black..........
Beautiful--girl.......
Window--glass.........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--city.........
Foot--ankle...........
Spider--web...........
Needle--cotton........
Red--brick............
Sleep--night..........
Anger--joy............
Carpet--cloth.........
Girl--mouth...........17
High--low.............
Working--idle.........
Sour--vinegar.........
Earth--round..........
Trouble--sickness.....
Soldier--gun..........
Cabbage--garden.......
Hard--rock............
Eagle--fly............
Stomach--man.......... 1
Stem--watch...........
Lamp--oil.............
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--sunflower.....
Bread--butter.........
Justice--peace........
Boy--girl.............
Light--window.........
Health--man........... 1
Bible--God............
Memory--mind..........
Sheep--pasture........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--trees........
Swift--engine.........
Blue--sky.............
Hungry--bread.........
Priest--church........
Ocean--ships..........
Head--mind............
Stove--chimney........
Long--wind............19
Religion--God.........
Whiskey--alcohol......
Child--mother.........
Bitter--fruit.........
Hammer--nails.........
Thirsty--water........
City--cars............
Square--angles........
Butter--cow...........
Doctor--sickness......
Loud--noise...........
Thief--sinner......... 2
Lion--jungle..........
Joy--gladness.........
Bed--pillow...........
Heavy--iron...........
Tobacco--leaf.........
Baby--mother..........
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--thread......
Quiet--room...........
Green--grass..........
Salt--ocean...........
Street--men...........15
King--queen...........
Cheese--butter........
Blossom--bud..........
Afraid--coward........
CASE No. 1278.--B.B. Test record not distinguishable from normal.
Case of several years standing, but showing almost complete remission
of all symptoms.
Table--chair..........
Dark--day.............
Music--instrument.....
Sickness--health......
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--thoughts........ 1
Soft--apple...........
Eating--food..........
Mountain--rock........
House--building.......
Black--dark...........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--home.........
Hand--from............12
Short--stout..........
Fruit--eating.........
Butterfly--bird.......
Smooth--glossy........
Command--general......
Chair--floor..........
Sweet--taste..........
Whistle--tune.........
Woman--man............ 1
Cold--chilly..........
Slow--fast............
Wish--something.......
River--water..........
White--black..........
Beautiful--pretty.....
Window--pane..........
Rough--ugly...........
Citizen--papers.......
Foot--shoe............
Spider--bug...........
Needle--thread........
Red--white............
Sleep--slumber........
Anger--kindness.......
Carpet--mat...........
Girl--boy.............
High--short...........
Working--idle.........
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--land...........
Trouble--sorrow.......
Soldier--hero.........
Cabbage--turnip.......
Hard--soft............
Eagle--owl............
Stomach--head.........
Stem--pipe............
Lamp--cover...........19
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--brown.........
Bread--biscuit........
Justice--peaceful..... 2
Boy--girl.............
Light--dark...........
Health--well..........
Bible--book...........
Memory--lost.......... 2
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--wash............
Cottage--house........
Swift--movements...... 2
Blue--red.............
Hungry--thirst........
Priest--minister......
Ocean--sea............
Head--body............
Stove--iron...........
Long--length..........
Religion--too.........12
Whiskey--drink........
Child--baby...........
Bitter--taste.........
Hammer--nails.........
Thirsty--drink........
City--town............
Square--man........... 1
Butter--bread.........
Doctor--patient.......
Loud--howl............17
Thief--steal..........
Lion--bear............
Joy--happiness........ 1
Bed--blanket..........
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--smoke........
Baby--cradle..........
Moon--sun.............
Scissors--thimble.....
Quiet--stillness......
Green--plaid..........17
Salt--pepper..........
Street--sidewalk......
King--queen...........
Cheese--crackers......
Blossom--leaf.........
Afraid--frightened....
PARANOIC CONDITIONS.
The clinical group of psychoses included under the designation
paranoic conditions is far from being homogeneous. We have here cases
that are more or less closely allied to the paranoid form of dementia
præcox, other cases that are apparently dependent upon involutional
changes (Kraepelin's _praeseniler Beeinträchtigungswah_), still
other cases that are characterized by absence or at least delay of
mental deterioration, etc.
In some of these cases disturbance of the flow of utterance is not
observed, and the test records obtained from them present no striking
abnormalities. Distinctly pathological records are obtained mainly
from those cases which clinically resemble dementia præcox; in these
records the nature of the pathological reactions would seem to
indicate that the diagnosis of dementia præcox would be more
justifiable than that of paranoic condition.
The following test records will serve to illustrate the types of
reactions met with in this group of psychoses:
CASE No. 3039.--F.A. Normal record.
Table--purpose........19
Dark--obscure.........
Music--pleasant....... 1
Sickness--confinement.17
Man--twenty-one.......12
Deep--down............
Soft--smooth..........
Eating--nourishment...
Mountain--high........
House--living.........
Black--dark...........
Mutton--eating........
Comfort--pleasant..... 1
Hand--limb............
Short--low............
Fruit--eat............
Butterfly--miller.....
Smooth--soft..........
Command--obey.........
Chair--sitting........
Sweet--tasting........
Whistle--noise........
Woman--female.........
Cold--unpleasant...... 1
Slow--easy............
Wish--want............
River--water..........
White--colorless......
Beautiful--handsome...
Window--glass.........
Rough--unpleasant..... 1
Citizen--vote.........
Foot--limb............
Spider--insect........
Needle--sewing........
Red--color............
Sleep--bed............
Anger--cross..........
Carpet--floor.........
Girl--young...........
High--up..............
Working--labor........
Sour--unpleasant...... 1
Earth--dirt...........
Trouble--worriment....
Soldier--fight........
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--tough...........
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--anatomy......
Stem--growth..........
Lamp--burn............
Dream--restlessness...
Yellow--color.........
Bread--eat............
Justice--right........
Boy--young............
Light--see............
Health--well..........
Bible--religion.......
Memory--thoughtful....
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--wash............
Cottage--house........
Swift--fast...........
Blue--color...........
Hungry--appetite......
Priest--Christian.....17
Ocean--large..........
Head--trunk...........
Stove--fire...........
Long--distance........
Religion--Christianity
Whiskey--drinkable....
Child--young..........
Bitter--bad...........
Hammer--knock.........
Thirsty--dry..........
City--government......
Square--block.........
Butter--eat...........
Doctor--cure..........
Loud--noisy...........
Thief--steal..........
Lion--animal..........
Joy--pleasant.........
Bed--laying...........
Heavy--weighty........
Tobacco--smoking......
Baby--new-born........
Moon--planet..........
Scissors--cutting.....
Quiet--easy...........
Green--color..........
Salt--preservative....
Street--lane..........
King--monarch.........
Cheese--eatable.......
Blossom--budding......
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 5803.--D.E.D. Slight tendency to give sound reactions.
Table--tree...........19
Dark--bright..........
Music--song...........
Sickness--health......
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--shallow.........
Soft--hard............
Eating--digesting.....
Mountain--hill........
House--horse..........10
Black--red............
Mutton--tallow........
Comfort--wealth.......
Hand--arm.............
Short--long...........
Fruit--plate..........17
Butterfly--net........
Smooth--surface.......
Command--obey.........
Chair--table..........
Sweet--sour...........
Whistle--call.........
Woman--lady...........
Cold--lukewarm........19
Slow--not.............12
Wish--receive.........
River--lake...........
White--black..........
Beautiful--graceful...
Window--door..........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--city.........
Foot--leg.............
Spider--soap..........10
Needle--pin...........
Red--yellow...........
Sleep--slumber........
Anger--amiable........
Carpet--mat...........
Girl--boy.............
High--hill............
Working--playing......
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--land...........
Trouble--tranquillity.10
Soldier--boy..........
Cabbage--plant........
Hard--easy............
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--bowels.......
Stem--head............
Lamp--chimney.........
Dream--myth...........17
Yellow--blue..........
Bread--biscuit........
Justice--balance......17
Boy--girl.............
Light--gray...........17
Health--wealth........
Bible--prayerbook.....
Memory--understanding.
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--swim............
Cottage--house........
Swift--slow...........
Blue--yellow..........
Hungry--eat...........
Priest--bishop........
Ocean--river..........
Head--neck............
Stove--covers.........
Long--short...........
Religion--optional....
Whiskey--wine.........
Child--baby...........
Bitter--sweet.........
Hammer--gimlet........
Thirsty--drink........
City--town............
Square--compass.......
Butter--butterfly.....
Doctor--lawyer........
Loud--lord............
Thief--beggar.........
Lion--lioness.........
Joy--sorrow...........
Bed--couch............
Heavy--light..........
Tobacco--cigarette....
Baby--child...........
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--knife.......
Quiet--quilt..........
Green--envy...........
Salt--sewing..........
Street--lane..........
King--queen...........
Cheese--cracker.......
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--courageous....
CASE No. 2133.--M.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly "far fetched" or
incoherent; perseveration.
Table--eat............
Dark--night...........
Music--sing...........
Sickness--sadness.....
Man--home.............
Deep--light...........
Soft--sleep...........13
Eating--drink.........
Mountain--hills.......
House--home...........
Black--stove..........17
Mutton--lamb..........
Comfort--pleasure..... 1
Hand--write...........
Short--short-cake.....10
Fruit--grapes.........
Butterfly--butter.....
Smooth--ironing.......
Command--correct......19
Chair--see............19
Sweet--apples.........
Whistle--happiness.... 1
Woman--girl...........
Cold--warm............
Slow--fast............
Wish--like............
River--water..........
White--blue...........
Beautiful--red........13
Window--light.........
Rough--easy...........
Citizen--spring.......19
Foot--run.............
Spider--fly...........
Needle--Carrie........19
Red--pink.............
Sleep--awake..........
Anger--jolly..........19
Carpet--curtains......
Girl--yellow..........19
High--green...........14
Working--bed..........19
Sour--dishes..........19
Earth--grapes.........13
Trouble--work......... 1
Soldier--sing.........15
Cabbage--potatoes.....
Hard--sewing..........17
Eagle--daisy..........19
Stomach--flowers......18
Stem--vine............
Lamp--flatiron........19
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--awake.........13
Bread--children.......
Justice--dresses......14
Boy--mother...........
Light--dark...........
Health--wealth........
Bible--commands....... 2
Memory--black.........13
Sheep--chickens.......17
Bath--carpet..........19
Cottage--worsted......14
Swift--silk...........18
Blue--cotton..........18
Hungry--chair.........19
Priest--church........
Ocean--spring.........15
Head--canary..........19
Stove--board..........
Long--dishes..........18
Religion--piano.......19
Whiskey--home.........15
Child--baby...........
Bitter--shoes.........19
Hammer--tacks.........
Thirsty--longing......
City--Flushing........17
Square--store.........10
Butter--butcher.......10
Doctor--hat...........19
Loud--chair...........15
Thief--picture........19
Lion--house...........13
Joy--gladness.........
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--sick........... 2
Tobacco--album........19
Baby--basket..........17
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--knife.......
Quiet--spoon..........18
Green--scar...........19
Salt--pepper..........
Street--sugar.........18
King--blacking........19
Cheese--meat..........
Blossom--flowers......
Afraid--red...........18
CASE No. 4569.--L.K. Marked stereotypy; unclassified reactions,
mostly incoherent.
Table--fruit..........17
Dark--light...........
Music--pleasure....... 1
Sickness--illness.....
Man--parent........... 6
Deep--verse...........19
Soft--fruit...........
Eating--illness.......15
Mountain--parent...... 6
House--privilege......19
Black--colors......... 2
Mutton--parent........ 6
Comfort--family.......18
Hand--comfort......... 7
Short--parent......... 6
Fruit--parent......... 5
Butterfly--insect.....
Smooth--surface.......
Command--privilege....15
Chair--house..........
Sweet--dairy..........19
Whistle--nature.......19
Woman--parent......... 6
Cold--house........... 6
Slow--light...........15
Wish--desire..........
River--house.......... 6
White--suspicion......19
Beautiful--house...... 6
Window--light.........
Rough--surface........
Citizen--parent....... 6
Foot--house...........
Spider--insect........
Needle--house......... 6
Red--colors...........
Sleep--God............ 6
Anger--God............ 5
Carpet--house.........
Girl--God............. 6
High--house...........
Working--parent....... 6
Sour--desire..........15
Earth--God............ 6
Trouble--God.......... 5
Soldier--house........ 6
Cabbage--desire.......15
Hard--vegetable.......
Eagle--animal.........
Stomach--doctor.......
Stem--growth..........
Lamp--house...........
Dream--God............ 6
Yellow--color.........
Bread--God............ 6
Justice--fright.......19
Boy--parent........... 6
Light--God............ 6
Health--God........... 5
Bible--teachings......
Memory--teaching...... 2
Sheep--God............ 6
Bath--cleanness.......
Cottage--home.........
Swift--fear...........19
Blue--color...........
Hungry--appetite......
Priest--servant.......
Ocean--God............ 6
Head--servant......... 6
Stove--house..........
Long--God............. 6
Religion--servant..... 6
Whiskey--doctor.......15
Child--house.......... 6
Bitter--taste.........
Hammer--household.....19
Thirsty--drink........
City--God............. 6
Square--touch.........19
Butter--taste.........
Doctor--servant....... 6
Loud--thought......... 9
Thief--slave..........19
Lion--animal..........
Joy--pleasure......... 1
Bed--household........15
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--doctor.......15
Baby--care............
Moon--heavens.........
Scissors--household...15
Quiet--nerve..........19
Green--substance......19
Salt--taste...........
Street--heavens.......15
King--servant......... 6
Cheese--taste.........
Blossom--sight........
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 6164.--L.E. Remarkably persistent tendency to give sound
reactions; numerous sound neologisms; no reactions given in response
to some of the stimulus words on the ground that she had "no word to
match."
Table--witchhazel.....10
Dark--frog............19
Music--lessons........ 2
Sickness--badness..... 2
Man--wife.............
Deep--seef............ 4
Soft--shoft........... 3
Eating--feeding.......
Mountain--sounding....10
House--shmouse........ 3
Black--fake...........19
Mutton--shutton....... 3
Comfort--somfort...... 3
Hand--land............10
Short--court..........10
Fruit--shrewd.........10
Butterfly--shuddergy.. 3
Smooth--slude......... 3
Command--noman........ 3
Chair--sash...........19
Sweet--leaf...........19
Whistle--noshissel.... 3
Woman--lemon..........19
Cold--shoal...........10
Slow--snow............10
Wish--dish............
River--liberty........10
White--size...........10
Beautiful--...........
Window--Hilda.........19
Rough--shoff.......... 3
Citizen--shiffizen.... 3
Foot--shoot...........10
Spider--shider........ 3
Needle--dreedle....... 3
Red--shred............10
Sleep--seef........... 3
Anger--...............
Carpet--shloppet...... 3
Girl--shirl........... 3
High--fie.............10
Working--shlirking.... 3
Sour--bower...........10
Earth--world..........
Trouble--shuttle......19
Soldier--polster...... 3
Cabbage--sheffies..... 4
Hard--shward.......... 3
Eagle--...............
Stomach--.............
Stem--lamp............19
Lamp--sant............ 4
Dream--leam........... 3
Yellow--cherry........19
Bread--dread..........10
Justice--chestnuts....10
Boy--.................
Light--shwife......... 3
Health--felt.......... 2
Bible--...............
Memory--..............
Sheep--sheet..........10
Bath--scab............19
Cottage--foppach...... 3
Swift--shift..........10
Blue--shoe............10
Hungry--angry.........
Priest--sheaf.........19
Ocean--notion.........10
Head--shred...........10
Stove--shove.......... 3
Long--song............10
Religion--switching...19
Whiskey--chiston...... 4
Child--kile........... 3
Bitter--shitter....... 3
Hammer--lemon.........13
Thirsty--flrsten...... 3
City--................
Square--birds.........19
Butter--shudder.......10
Doctor--shoctor....... 3
Loud--souse...........10
Thief--sheaf..........10
Lion--Zion............10
Joy--bloy............. 3
Bed--wading...........19
Heavy--shleavy........ 3
Tobacco--confecker.... 4
Baby--savey........... 3
Moon--shoon........... 3
Scissors--............
Quiet--shiet.......... 3
Green--sheel.......... 4
Salt--shawlt.......... 3
Street--freet......... 3
King--sing............10
Cheese--seefs......... 4
Blossom--pleasant..... 9
Afraid--shraid........ 3
CASE No. 3606.--F.W. Neologisms; some particles; many unclassified
reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table--pleasure....... 9
Dark--air.............19
Music--walking........19
Sickness--gloves......19
Man--fields...........19
Deep--courtesy........19
Soft--spoons..........19
Eating--oranges.......
Mountain--ice.........17
House--paintings...... 2
Black--blue...........
Mutton--hemisphere....19
Comfort--flowers......19
Hand--sawdust.........19
Short--peanuts........19
Fruit--autoharp.......19
Butterfly--disease....19
Smooth--ice...........
Command--botheration..19
Chair--tea............19
Sweet--arrangement....19
Whistle--steadfast....19
Woman--flowers........15
Cold--grandeur........19
Slow--present.........19
Wish--mania...........19
River--courtesy.......15
White--ink............17
Beautiful--flowers....
Window--air...........
Rough--enjoyment......19
Citizen--queer........19
Foot--hatred..........19
Spider--carousy....... 4
Needle--pleasant...... 9
Red--permit...........19
Sleep--indeed.........12
Anger--benevolence....19
Carpet--disorder......19
Girl--caterer.........19
High--aside...........10
Working--among........12
Sour--destroy.........19
Earth--confusion......19
Trouble--frivolous....19
Soldier--air..........15
Cabbage--temptation...19
Hard--among...........12
Eagle--quality........19
Stomach--debasteaur... 4
Stem--counteract......19
Lamp--testament.......19
Dream--connexus....... 4
Yellow--division......19
Bread--atherey........ 4
Justice--anger........19
Boy--quality..........15
Light--among..........12
Health--frivolous.....15
Bible--permit.........15
Memory--usual.........19
Sheep--astray.........
Bath--conscientious...19
Cottage--texalous..... 4
Swift--patience.......19
Blue--community.......19
Hungry--confusion.....15
Priest--second........19
Ocean--apology........19
Head--trinity.........19
Stove--compartment....19
Long--terminal........19
Religion--abundant....19
Whiskey--approvement.. 4
Child--anger..........15
Bitter--courageous....19
Hammer--correction....19
Thirsty--afterwards...12
City--cataract........19
Square--plenty........19
Butter--accost........19
Doctor--southern......19
Loud--triangular......19
Thief--cannery........19
Lion--practice........19
Joy--summons..........19
Bed--avron............ 4
Heavy--olenthegolis... 4
Tobacco--abundant.....15
Baby--parenthus....... 4
Moon--otherwise.......12
Scissors--cartridge...19
Quiet--outside........12
Green--abounty........ 4
Salt--calonry......... 4
Street--abyss.........19
King--cavenry......... 4
Cheese--perplex.......19
Blossom--cartridge....15
Afraid--stubborn......19
EPILEPSY.
Most of the cases of epilepsy in our collection show advanced dementia
and in some the clinical history would indicate also original mental
inferiority, that is to say, imbecility or feeble-mindedness.
In these cases the dominant characteristic, so far as shown in the
test records, seems to be a narrowing of the mental horizon manifested
firstly by a tendency to repeat many times one or another word, and
secondly by an abnormally pronounced tendency to make use of
non-specific reactions or particles of speech. Occasionally other
abnormalities are noted, such as perseveration or distraction.
We submit here copies of some test records.
CASE No. 5410.--W.T.K. Repetition of words previously given;
nonspecific reactions.
Table--article........ 1
Dark--light...........
Music--tone...........
Sickness--ill.........
Man--person........... 1
Deep--distant......... 2
Soft--condition....... 6
Eating--chew..........
Mountain--high........
House--abode..........
Black--color..........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--peace........
Hand--limb............
Short--distance.......
Fruit--result.........
Butterfly--animal.....
Smooth--plain.........
Command--order........
Chair--seat...........
Sweet--pleasant....... 1
Whistle--sound........
Woman--female.........
Cold--chilly..........
Slow--pace............
Wish--desire..........
River--body...........
White--clear..........
Beautiful--grand......
Window--place.........13
Rough--unsmooth....... 4
Citizen--member.......
Foot--member..........
Spider--animal........
Needle--article....... 1
Bed--color............
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--condition...... 6
Carpet--covering......
Girl--female..........
High--distance........
Working--occupation...
Sour--condition....... 6
Earth--planet.........
Trouble--condition.... 6
Soldier--member....... 6
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--condition....... 6
Eagle--animal.........
Stomach--member.......
Stem--branch..........
Lamp--article......... 1
Dream--thinking....... 1
Yellow--shade.........
Bread--article........ 6
Justice--position.....19
Boy--male.............
Light--clear..........
Health--condition.....
Bible--book...........
Memory--condition..... 6
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--position........15
Cottage--house........
Swift--fast...........
Blue--color...........
Hungry--condition..... 6
Priest--office........
Ocean--body...........
Head--member..........
Stove--article........ 1
Long--distance........
Religion--profession..
Whiskey--liquid.......
Child--person......... 1
Bitter--condition..... 6
Hammer--article....... 1
Thirsty--condition.... 6
City--place...........
Square--honest........
Butter--article....... 6
Doctor--profession....
Loud--sound...........
Thief--position.......15
Lion--animal..........
Joy--pleasant......... 1
Bed--article.......... 6
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--plant........
Baby--person.......... 1
Moon--planet..........
Scissors--article..... 1
Quiet--peaceful.......
Green--shade..........
Salt--article......... 1
Street--place.........
King--ruler...........
Cheese--article....... 6
Blossom--plant........
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 2208.--J.A. Repetition of words previously given;
non-specific reactions.
Table--wood...........
Dark--chairs..........13
Music--wood...........14
Sickness--dropsy......17
Man--body.............
Deep--well............
Soft--lady............19
Eating--man........... 6
Mountain--hills.......
House--barns.......... 2
Black--horse..........
Mutton--sheep.........
Comfort--poison.......19
Hand--man............. 1
Short--people......... 1
Fruit--trees..........
Butterfly--tree.......
Smooth--people........ 6
Command--general......
Chair--hands..........16
Sweet--fruit..........
Whistle--man.......... 1
Woman--people......... 1
Cold--ice.............
Slow--people.......... 6
Wish--dead............19
River--lakes..........
White--foam...........17
Beautiful--man........ 1
Window--glass.........
Rough--people......... 6
Citizen--man.......... 1
Foot--people.......... 6
Spider--barn..........15
Needle--clothes.......
Red--blood............
Sleep--bed............
Anger--angry..........
Carpet--stores........19
Girl--ladies.......... 2
High--mountain........
Working--people....... 6
Sour--fruit...........
Earth--clay...........
Trouble--bad.......... 1
Soldier--man.......... 1
Cabbage--field........
Hard--case............19
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--man.......... 1
Stem--pipe............
Lamp--fire............
Dream--bad............ 1
Yellow--chair.........15
Bread--rye............
Justice--right........
Boy--bad.............. 1
Light--ship...........19
Health--pig...........19
Bible--man............ 6
Memory--mind..........
Sheep--mutton.........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--ship...........15
Blue--lines...........17
Hungry--people........ 6
Priest--man........... 1
Ocean--deep...........
Head--bad............. 9
Stove--wood...........
Long--trees........... 2
Religion--form........19
Whiskey--apples.......17
Child--people......... 1
Bitter--apples........
Hammer--axe...........
Thirsty--drink........
City--towns...........
Square--measurement...
Butter--cows..........
Doctor--person........ 1
Loud--people.......... 1
Thief--person......... 1
Lion--animal..........
Joy--person........... 9
Bed--man.............. 6
Heavy--mountain.......
Tobacco--growing......
Baby--person.......... 1
Moon--people.......... 6
Scissors--cutting.....
Quiet--mind...........
Green--cloud..........19
Salt--planting........13
Street--walk..........
King--human...........19
Cheese--milk..........
Blossom--flowers......
Afraid--human.........15
CASE No. 01218.--E.M. Repetition of words previously given;
non-specific reactions.
Table--tablecloth.....
Dark--dog.............
Music--figure.........17
Sickness--drink.......17
Man--people........... 1
Deep--pull............19
Soft--light...........
Eating--think......... 1
Mountain--well........13
House--plumber........17
Black--horse..........
Mutton--park..........19
Comfort--nice......... 1
Hand--use............. 1
Short--long...........
Fruit--figs...........
Butterfly--cloth......19
Smooth--nice.......... 1
Command--pleasant..... 6
Chair--wash...........19
Sweet--sour...........
Whistle--mug..........19
Woman--pear...........19
Cold--warm............
Slow--quickness.......
Wish--nice............ 1
River--pleasant....... 1
White--use............ 6
Beautiful--comfort....19
Window--looks......... 2
Rough--pleasant....... 6
Citizen--comfort......15
Foot--help............
Spider--wake..........19
Needle--use........... 1
Red--look.............15
Sleep--good........... 1
Anger--no.............12
Carpet--make..........19
Girl--happy........... 9
High--nice............ 6
Working--pleasant..... 1
Sour--bag.............19
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--good......... 6
Soldier--clothes......
Cabbage--eat..........
Hard--good............ 1
Eagle--pleasant....... 6
Stomach--hurt.........
Stem--use............. 1
Lamp--lighted.........
Dream--pleasant....... 1
Yellow--wake..........15
Bread--making.........
Justice--help.........
Boy--pleasant......... 6
Light--big............19
Health--nice.......... 6
Bible--use............ 1
Memory--no............12
Sheep--pleasant....... 1
Bath--good............ 6
Cottage--useful.......
Swift--quick..........
Blue--good............ 1
Hungry--sour..........15
Priest--good.......... 1
Ocean--useful......... 6
Head--nice............ 6
Stove--lighted........ 2
Long--lake............19
Religion--pleasant.... 6
Whiskey--use.......... 6
Child--help........... 6
Bitter--sour..........
Hammer--stick.........19
Thirsty--drink........
City--handy...........19
Square--pleasant...... 6
Butter--useful........ 1
Doctor--help..........
Loud--make............15
Thief--punish......... 2
Lion--bad............. 9
Joy--happy............ 1
Bed--pleasant......... 1
Heavy--light..........
Tobacco--pleasant..... 1
Baby--help............ 6
Moon--sun.............
Scissors--pleasant.... 6
Quiet--sleep..........
Green--beans..........10
Salt--handy...........15
Street--make..........15
King--nice............ 6
Cheese--good.......... 1
Blossom--pleasant..... 1
Afraid--will..........19
CASE No. 4989.--C.H. Repetition of words previously given;
non-specific reactions; particles.
Table--work........... 1
Dark--true............19
Music--pleasant....... 1
Sickness--well........
Man--absent...........19
Deep--together........12
Soft--plenty.......... 6
Eating--good.......... 1
Mountain--together....12
House--one............12
Black--America........19
Mutton--vegetable..... 2
Comfort--sleep........
Hand--nothing.........19
Short--never..........12
Fruit--vegetable......
Butterfly--bird.......
Smooth--large......... 9
Command--willing......
Chair--good........... 6
Sweet--always......... 6
Whistle--music........
Woman--one............12
Cold--medium.......... 6
Slow--quick...........
Wish--hope............
River--lake...........
White--always......... 6
Beautiful--medium..... 6
Window--open..........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--American.....
Foot--two.............
Spider--butterfly.....
Needle--steel.........
Red--color............
Sleep--plenty.........
Anger--never..........
Carpet--floor.........
Girl--five............12
High--medium..........
Working--always.......
Sour--never........... 6
Earth--cultivate......17
Trouble--none.........
Soldier--willing......15
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--seldom..........12
Eagle--American.......
Stomach--no...........12
Stem--one.............12
Lamp--burning.........
Dream--always......... 6
Yellow--sometimes.....12
Bread--soft...........
Justice--always.......
Boy--two..............12
Light--plenty.........
Health--plenty........
Bible--Catholic.......17
Memory--good.......... 1
Sheep--wool...........
Bath--good............ 1
Cottage--plenty....... 6
Swift--medium......... 6
Blue--never........... 6
Hungry--seldom........ 6
Priest--good.......... 1
Ocean--three..........12
Head--good............ 1
Stove--burning........
Long--medium..........
Religion--willing.....15
Whiskey--some.........19
Child--good........... 1
Bitter--never......... 6
Hammer--tool..........
Thirsty--seldom....... 6
City--New York........
Square--always........ 6
Better--good.......... 1
Doctor--good.......... 1
Loud--medium.......... 6
Thief--none...........
Lion--animal..........
Joy--plenty........... 6
Bed--good............. 1
Heavy--medium......... 6
Tobacco--yes..........12
Baby--more............19
Moon--bright..........
Scissors--sharp.......
Quiet--plenty......... 6
Green--good........... 6
Salt--little..........19
Street--lots..........18
King--none............
Cheese--seldom........ 6
Blossom--always....... 6
Afraid--sometimes.....15
CASE No. 4847.--C.C. Distraction
Table--eat............
Dark--lock............10
Music--fiddle.........
Sickness--doctors..... 2
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--water...........
Soft--snow............
Eating--oats..........17
Mountain--spray.......19
House--building.......
Black--red............15
Mutton--meat.......... 9
Comfort--red..........15
Hand--people.......... 9
Short--world..........19
Fruit--age............18
Butterfly--bird.......
Smooth--eggs..........18
Command--cake.........19
Chair--world..........15
Sweet--cherries.......
Whistle--peaches......18
Woman--children.......
Cold--summer..........17
Slow--brother.........19
Wish--pear............19
River--orange.........18
White--black..........
Beautiful--red........13
Window--door..........
Rough--table..........
Citizen--couch........19
Foot--arm.............
Spider--fly...........
Needle--scissors......17
Red--blue.............
Sleep--pink...........13
Anger--box............19
Carpet--rug...........
Girl--boy.............
High--play............
Working--cup..........19
Sour--bread...........17
Earth--picture........19
Trouble--soap.........19
Soldier--towel........18
Cabbage--turnip.......
Hard--tree............
Eagle--clock..........19
Stomach--eat..........
Stem--soap............15
Lamp--oil.............
Dream--glass..........13
Yellow--bottle........18
Bread--soap...........15
Justice--pencil.......19
Boy--picture..........15
Light--darkness.......
Health--washstand.....19
Bible--book...........
Memory--saucer........19
Sheep--chair..........19
Bath--bureau..........14
Cottage--pan..........19
Swift--towel..........15
Blue--wash............ 2
Hungry--eat...........
Priest--church........
Ocean--beans..........19
Head--prunes..........18
Stove--cook...........
Long--fig.............19
Religion--church......
Whiskey--tea..........17
Child--people......... 1
Bitter--stomach.......19
Hammer--tack..........
Thirsty--peach........15
City--box.............15
Square--soap..........15
Butter--lard..........
Doctor--sick..........
Loud--head............19
Thief--cup............15
Lion--bottle..........15
Joy--pitcher..........19
Bed--sheet............
Heavy--blanket........13
Tobacco--mustard......19
Baby--pepper..........18
Moon--heater..........19
Scissors--string......
Quiet--lace...........19
Green--red............
Salt--soda............17
Street--soldier.......19
King--box.............15
Cheese--cake..........
Blossom--shell........19
Afraid--blotter.......19
CASE No. 3597.--L.T. Some neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.
Table--stand..........
Dark--light...........
Music--instrument.....
Sickness--health......
Man--female...........
Deep--detableness..... 4
Soft--hard............
Eating--starving......
Mountain--isthmus.....17
House--building.......
Black--white..........
Mutton--beef..........
Comfort--patient......
Hand--leg.............
Short--long...........
Fruit--vegetable......
Butterfly--spider.....
Smooth--coarse........
Command--thought...... 1
Chair--utensil........19
Sweet--sour...........
Whistle--trumpet......
Woman--man............ 1
Cold--warm............
Slow--quick...........
Wish--command.........
River--lake...........
White--black..........
Beautiful--pretty..... 1
Window--door..........
Rough--straight.......
Citizen--tramp........19
Foot--arm.............
Spider--fly...........
Needle--pin...........
Red--blue.............
Sleep--awake..........
Anger--patient........ 2
Carpet--rug...........
Girl--servant.........
High--low.............
Working--laziness.....
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--hemisphere.....
Trouble--goodness..... 9
Soldier--merchant.....17
Cabbage--pumpkin......17
Hard--tight...........
Eagle--hawk...........
Stomach--abdomen......
Stem--leaf............
Lamp--lantern.........
Dream--nightmare......
Yellow--lavender......17
Bread--pastry.........
Justice--badness...... 2
Boy--child............
Light--darkness.......
Health--sickness......
Bible--testament......
Memory--remember......
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--dirtiness....... 2
Cottage--building.....
Swift--quickly........
Blue--redness......... 2
Hungry--starving......
Priest--minister......
Ocean--sea............
Head--topness......... 4
Stove--cooking........
Long--shorter......... 2
Religion--wickedness..
Whiskey--medicine.....
Child--daughter.......
Bitter--sweetness..... 2
Hammer--pickaxe.......17
Thirsty--drinkness.... 4
City--village.........
Square--strightness... 2
Butter--syrup.........17
Doctor--queen.........19
Loud--low.............
Thief--burglar........
Lion--tiger...........
Joy--enjoyable........ 2
Bed--bedstead.........
Heavy--lightness......
Tobacco--sweetness.... 2
Baby--infant..........
Moon--sun.............
Scissors--shears......
Quite--noiseness...... 4
Green--greenbill...... 3
Salt--sugar...........
Street--island........19
King--nephew..........19
Cheese--curdness...... 4
Blossom--bud..........
Afraid--knowledgeable. 4
GENERAL PARESIS.
Cases presenting no considerable dementia or confusion and cases in a
state of remission are apt to give normal test records. As we proceed
from the records of such cases to those of cases showing mental
deterioration we observe a gradual reduction in the values of
reactions, contraction of the mental horizon,[1] and the appearance of
the phenomenon of perseveration. We submit the following test records
for illustration:
[Footnote 1: What we mean by contraction of the mental horizon has
already been described in connection with epilepsy, page 47.]
CASE No. 4047.--C.A.F. Almost complete remission of all mental
symptoms. Normal record.
Table--dish...........
Dark--light...........
Music--sound..........
Sickness--disease.....
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--fathomless......
Soft--sweet...........
Eating--food..........
Mountain--high........
House--barn...........
Black--color..........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--ease.........
Hand--foot............
Short--long...........
Fruit--sweet..........
Butterfly--moth.......
Smooth--rough.........
Command--order........
Chair--leg............
Sweet--pleasant....... 1
Whistle--sound........
Woman--female.........
Cold--ice.............
Slow--languid.........17
Wish--desire..........
River--long...........
White--color..........
Beautiful--fair.......
Window--glass.........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--voter........
Foot--toe.............
Spider--fly...........
Needle--sharp.........
Red--color............
Sleep--slumber........
Anger--rage...........
Carpet--sweep.........
Girl--maiden..........
High--lofty...........
Working--toiling......
Sour--distasteful.....
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--sorrow.......
Soldier--fighter......
Cabbage--leaf.........
Hard--easy............
Eagle--fly............
Stomach--food.........
Stem--petal...........
Lamp--light...........
Dream--slumber........
Yellow--color.........
Bread--eat............
Justice--judgment.....
Boy--youth............
Light--lamp...........
Health--nature........17
Bible--holy...........
Memory--remember......
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--fast...........
Blue--color...........
Hungry--famished......
Priest--holy..........
Ocean--sea............
Head--top.............
Stove--fire...........
Long--short...........
Religion--holy........
Whiskey--drink........
Child--infant.........
Bitter--sour..........
Hammer--knock.........
Thirsty--drink........
City--town............
Square--round.........
Butter--eat...........
Doctor--physician.....
Loud--knock...........
Thief--steal..........
Lion--tiger...........
Joy--happiness........ 1
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--weigh..........
Tobacco--smoke........
Baby--child...........
Moon--stars...........
Scissors--cut.........
Quiet--soft...........
Green--color..........
Salt--food............
Street--lane..........
King--queen...........
Cheese--eat...........
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 6660.--F.F. Repetition of words previously given;
non-specific reactions; unclassified reactions some of which are
"circumstantial" (see page 25).
Table--bureau.........19
Dark--boats........... 2
Music--piano..........
Sickness--doctor......
Man--sober............19
Deep--cellar..........
Soft--easy............
Eating--chewing.......
Mountain--climb.......
House--tenants........ 2
Black--color..........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--easy.........
Hand--use............. 1
Short--stump.......... 2
Fruit--nice........... 1
Butterfly--like....... 6
Smooth--clean.........
Command--faithful.....17
Chair--easy...........
Sweet--like........... 6
Whistle--good......... 6
Woman--like........... 6
Cold--medicine........
Slow--I...............12
Wish--like............
River--boats..........
White--sheet..........
Beautiful--flowers....
Window--red...........14
Rough--streets........ 2
Citizen--honest.......
Foot--walking.........
Spider--kill..........10
Needle--sew...........
Red--nice............. 6
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--cross..........
Carpet--good.......... 6
Girl--nice............ 1
High--good............ 1
Working--well.........19
Sour--bitter..........
Earth--property.......19
Trouble--fighting.....
Soldier--good......... 1
Cabbage--eat..........
Hard--sorry...........19
Eagle--good........... 6
Stomach--good......... 1
Stem--fair............19
Lamp--use............. 1
Dream--now............12
Yellow--color.........
Bread--good........... 1
Justice--fine......... 1
Boy--good............. 1
Light--good........... 1
Health--right.........19
Bible--home...........
Memory--good.......... 1
Sheep--like........... 6
Bath--good............ 1
Cottage--fine......... 1
Swift--go.............
Blue--nice............ 6
Hungry--bad........... 1
Priest--Father........
Ocean--boats..........
Head--brains..........
Stove--heat...........
Long--streets.........
Religion--Catholic....
Whiskey--bad.......... 1
Child--good........... 1
Bitter--sorrow........
Hammer--use........... 1
Thirsty--drink........
City--Brooklyn........
Squares--park......... 2
Butter--ice...........19
Doctor--cure..........
Loud--holler..........
Thief--no............. 2
Lion--no.............. 6
Joy--hope.............
Bed--rest.............
Heavy--loud...........
Tobacco--good......... 1
Baby--good............ 1
Moon--light...........
Scissors--use......... 1
Quiet--good........... 1
Green--nice........... 6
Salt--use............. 1
Street--nice.......... 1
King--right...........19
Cheese--nice.......... 1
Blossom--grow.........
Afraid--no............
CASE No. 618.--R.N. Numerous particles of speech; some unclassified
reaction, chiefly "circumstantial" (see page 25).
Table--eat............
Dark--cloudy..........
Music--fond...........19
Sickness--well........
Man--human............
Deep--ocean...........
Soft--fine............ 1
Eating--yes........... 6
Mountain--yes......... 5
House--yes............ 5
Black--yes............ 5
Mutton--yes........... 5
Comfort--yes.......... 5
Hand--finger..........
Short--yes............ 6
Fruit--yes............ 5
Butterfly--yes........ 5
Smooth--even..........
Command--obey.........
Chair--settle.........17
Sweet--bitter.........
Whistle--can't........19
Woman--lady...........
Cold--ice.............
Slow--fast............
Wish--give............
River--enjoyment......19
White--black..........
Beautiful--yes........ 6
Window--pane..........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--yes.......... 6
Foot--one.............12
Spider--yes........... 6
Needle--sewing........
Red--blue.............
Sleep--nap............17
Anger--willing........19
Carpet--yes........... 6
Girl--nature..........19
High--low.............
Working--artist.......17
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--world..........
Trouble--peaceful.....
Soldier--no...........12
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--soft............
Eagle--American.......
Stomach--condition....
Stem--post............17
Lamp--light...........
Dream--thinking....... 1
Yellow--green.........
Bread--loaf...........
Justice--yes..........
Boy--human............
Light--heaven.........
Health--wealth........
Bible--yes............ 6
Memory--yes........... 5
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--yes............. 6
Cottage--yes.......... 5
Swift--fast...........
Blue--gray............
Hungry--no............
Priest--yes........... 6
Ocean--water..........
Head--human...........
Stove--coal...........
Long--short...........
Religion--yes......... 6
Whiskey--no...........12
Child--baby...........
Bitter--sweet.........
Hammer--pincher.......17
Thirsty--drinking.....
City--population......
Square--circle........
Butter--lard..........
Doctor--physician.....
Loud--low.............
Thief--penalty........17
Lion--liar............10
Joy--welcome..........17
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--light..........
Tobacco--yes.......... 6
Baby--human...........
Moon--natural.........15
Scissors--no..........12
Quiet--yes............ 6
Green--shade..........
Salt--eat.............
Street--town..........
King--ruler...........
Cheese--eat...........
Blossom--blooming.....
Afraid--scared........
CASE No. 6518.--C.Z. Perseveration shown by numerous instances of
association to preceding reaction.
Table--horse..........19
Dark--wren............10
Music--lark...........18
Sickness--cold........
Man--woman............ 1
Deep--sea.............
Soft--hard............
Eating--drinking......
Mountain--fountain....
House--barn...........
Black--stable.........13
Mutton--cow...........
Comfort--horse........18
Hand--lamb............
Short--calf...........
Fruit--apples.........
Butterfly--oranges.... 2
Smooth--peaches.......18
Command--plums........18
Chair--bench..........
sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--drum.........17
Woman--man............ 1
Cold--hot.............
Slow--fast............
Wish--who.............12
River--water..........
White--blue...........
Beautiful--splendid...
Window--sashes........ 2
Rough--ready..........
Citizen--Brooklyn.....
Foot--shoe............
Spider--web...........
Needle--pin...........
Red--blue.............
Sleep--awake..........
Anger--bad............ 1
Carpet--sweeper.......
Girl--boy.............
High--low.............
Working--playing......
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--wheelbarrow..19
Soldier--Mexican......17
Cabbage--potatoes.....
Hard--beets...........18
Eagle--carrots........18
Stomach--peas.........18
Stem--peas............ 5
Lamp--burning.........
Dream--happy.......... 1
Yellow--blue..........
Bread--green..........12
Justice--freedom......
Boy--girl.............
Light--burning........
Health--strength......
Bible--prayerbook.....
Memory--thoughts...... 1
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--whist..........10
Blue--red.............
Hungry--eating........
Priest--Father........
Ocean--mother.........18
Head--brother.........18
Stove--sister.........18
Long--freedom.........15
Religion--smart.......19
Whiskey--wine.........
Child--lamb...........19
Bitter--goat..........18
Hammer--nails.........
Thirsty--dry..........
City--talking.........19
Square--inches........
Butter--cheese........
Doctor--bread.........13
Loud--oranges.........15
Thief--almonds........18
Lion--apples..........18
Joy--grapes...........18
Bed--peaches..........18
Heavy--cranberries....18
Tobacco--grapes.......18
Baby--watermelon......18
Moon--muskmelons......18
Scissors--citrons.....10
Quiet--squashes.......18
Green--pumpkins.......18
Salt--cucumbers.......18
Street--tomatoes......18
Kings--pears..........18
Cheese--apples........18
Blossom--cherries.....
Afraid--gooseberries..18
CASE No. 5329.--B.W. Perseveration; record almost entirely made up of
instances of association to preceding reaction.
Table--San Francisco...19
Dark--comprehensible...19
Music--sinking.........
Sickness--Brooklyn.....19
Man--woman............. 1
Deep--amazing..........19
Soft--pleasant......... 9
Eating--digesting......
Mountain--gulf.........17
House--peninsula.......18
Black--Constantinople..18
Mutton--Bermuda........18
Comfort--Los Angeles...18
Hand--Cuba.............18
Short--cities..........18
Fruit--Iowa............18
Butterfly--England.....18
Smooth--Russia.........18
Command--Turkey........18
Chair--Manila..........18
Sweet--Porto Rico......18
Whistle--Washington....18
Woman--Cincinnati......18
Cold--Pittsburg........18
Slow--Philadelphia.....
Wish--Milwaukee........18
River--St. Louis.......18
White--Japan...........18
Beautiful--China.......18
Window--Berlin.........18
Rough--Glasgow.........18
Citizen--London........18
Foot--Dublin...........18
Spider--Sacramento.....18
Needle--Texas..........18
Red--North Carolina....18
Sleep--Florida.........18
Anger--Seattle.........18
Carpet--Nevada.........18
Girl--Iowa.............15
High--Virginia.........18
Working--Louisiana.....18
Sour--Hawaii...........18
Earth--Connecticut.....18
Trouble--Rhode Island..18
Soldier--Vermont.......18
Cabbage--Massachusetts.18
Hard--Hudson...........18
Eagle--East River......18
Stomach--Staten Island.18
Stem--Kings Park.......18
Lamp--Fort Lee.........18
Dream--Long Island.....18
Yellow--Greenport......18
Bread--Southold........18
Justice--Northport.....18
Boy--New Jersey........18
Light--Rome............18
Health--Italy..........18
Bible--Episcopal.......17
Memory--Methodist......18
Sheep--Congregational..18
Bath--Baptist..........18
Cottage--minister......18
Swift--physician.......18
Blue--horse............18
Hungry--cow............18
Priest--Catholics.......
Ocean--lake.............
Head--bay...............13
Stove--sound............18
Long--Island............
Religion--Boston........18
Whiskey--Harvard........18
Child--Yale.............18
Bitter--Columbia........18
Hammer--library.........18
Thirsty--Carnegie.......18
City--Rockefeller.......18
Square--Harriman........18
Butter--Leggitt.........18
Doctor--Lincoln.........18
Loud--Roosevelt.........18
Thief--Taft.............18
Lion--Gaynor............18
Joy--Slocum.............18
Bed--Grant..............18
Heavy--McClellan........18
Tobacco--Spain..........19
Baby--New London........18
Moon--Newburgh..........18
Scissors--Troy..........18
Quiet--Schenectady......18
Green--Lake George......18
Salt--Vienna............18
Street--Alsace Lorraine.18
King--Garfield..........17
Cheese--McKinley........18
Blossom--Bryan..........18
Afraid--Blaine..........18
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE INSANITY.
In this disorder the departures from the normal seem to be less
pronounced than in the psychoses considered above. The number of
individual reactions is in most cases not greatly above the normal
average; and, so far as their character is concerned, we find that
many of them are classed as normal, in accordance with the appendix to
the frequency tables; among the unclassified reactions, which are
quite frequent here, we find mostly either obviously normal ones, or
some of the type to which we have already referred as "far-fetched,"
while others among them are "circumstantial" (see p. 25); further we
find that most of the remaining individual reactions fall into the
general group of partial dissociation: non-specific reactions, sound
reactions, word complements, and particles.
In some cases the only abnormality that is found is that of an undue
tendency to respond by non-specific reactions, most of them being
common and there being no excessive number of individual reactions. It
would seem legitimate to assume that this tendency is here to be
regarded as a manifestation of the phenomenon which is clinically
described as _dearth of ideas_. It is significant that this
tendency is observed not only in depressive phases of the psychosis,
but also in manic phases and even in the normal intervals of recurrent
cases or after apparent recovery in acute cases; this will be seen
from some of the test records which are here reproduced.
Occasionally cases are met with which give a large number of
unclassified reactions, seemingly incoherent. There can be no doubt
that at least some of these cases are clinically perfectly typical
ones of manic-depressive insanity, yet the test records strongly
resemble, in some respects, those of dementia præcox.
Since clinically the distinction between typical cases of these
psychoses can be so clearly made on the basis of the disorders of the
flow of thought respectively characterizing them, it could hardly be
assumed that the associational disturbances in these two groups of
cases are truly related, although there may be an apparent
resemblance; it must be acknowledged that we are here confronted with
one of the most serious shortcomings of the association test, or at
least of the present method of applying it.
CASE No. 5236.--M.B. Depressive attack. Normal record.
Table--eat............
Dark--night...........
Music--play...........
Sickness--death.......
Man--health...........13
Deep--depth...........
Soft--hard............
Eating--chewing.......
Mountain--high........
House--living.........
Black--color..........
Mutton--sheep.........
Comfort--kind......... 2
Hand--body............
Short--small.......... 1
Fruit--garden.........
Butterfly--spring.....
Smooth--rough.........
Command--obey.........
Chair--sit............
Sweet--apple..........
Whistle--music........
Woman--land...........
Cold--chilly..........
Slow--easy............
Wish--want............
River--water..........
White--color..........
Beautiful--grand......
Window--light.........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--man.......... 1
Foot--body............
Spider--animal........
Needle--sew...........
Red--color............
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--badness........ 2
Carpet--floor.........
Girl--young...........
High--low.............
Working--busy.........
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--live...........
Trouble--grief........
Soldier--army.........
Cabbage--garden.......
Hard--stone...........
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--body.........
Stem--plant...........
Lamp--light...........
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--color.........
Bread--eat............
Justice--kind......... 2
Boy--young............
Light--day............
Health--strength......
Bible--Christ.........
Memory--think......... 1
Sheep--mutton.........
Bath--clean...........
Cottage--live.........
Swift--run............
Blue--color...........
Hungry--food..........
Priest--clergy........
Ocean--water..........
Head--body............
Stove--fire...........
Long--tall............
Religion--teaching....
Whiskey--drink........
Child--young..........
Bitter--sweet.........
Hammer--nail..........
Thirsty--drink........
City--town............
Square--four..........
Butter--eat...........
Doctor--medicine......
Loud--noise...........
Thief--steal..........
Lion--beast...........
Joy--kind............. 6
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--smoke........
Baby--mother..........
Moon--light...........
Scissors--cut.........
Quiet--kind........... 6
Green--grass..........
Salt--table...........
Street--walk..........
King--government......
Cheese--eat...........
Blossom--tree.........
Afraid--coward........
CASE No. 6120.--M.L. Maniacal attack. Fifteen individual reactions,
of which 11 are classed as normal in accordance with the appendix to
the frequency tables.
Table--chair............
Dark--light.............
Music--chorus...........17
Sickness--health........
Man--woman.............. 1
Deep--around............
Soft--light.............
Eating--food............
Mountain--valley........
House--flat.............17
Black--white............
Mutton--beef............
Comfort--disease........
Hand--legs..............
Short--tall.............
Fruit--grapes...........
Butterfly--birds........
Smooth--rough...........
Command--president......17
Chair--assemblyman......18
Sweet--bitter...........
Whistle--birds..........
Woman--man.............. 1
Cold--warm..............
Slow--fast..............
Wish--well..............
River--mountain.........
White--red..............
Beautiful--heaven.......
Window--door............
Rough--smooth...........
Citizen--naturalization.
Foot--hand..............
Spider--bug.............
Needle--doctor..........19
Red--white..............
Sleep--well.............
Anger--passion..........
Carpet--cloth...........
Girl--boy...............
High--low...............
Working--pleasure....... 1
Sour--sweet.............
Earth--heaven...........
Trouble--anger..........
Soldier--mine...........12
Cabbage--steak..........17
Hard--soft..............
Eagle--parrot...........
Stomach--pelvis.........17
Stem--flowers...........
Lamp--light.............
Dream--empty............17
Yellow--black...........
Bread--brown............
Justice--done...........
Boy--baby...............
Light--heaven...........
Health--wealth..........
Bible--love.............
Memory--remembrance.....
Sheep--goat.............
Bath--water.............
Cottage--house..........
Swift--slow.............
Blue--green.............
Hungry--I...............
Priest--minister........
Ocean--sea..............
Head--neck..............
Stove--electricity......17
Long--broad.............
Religion--Presbyterian..
Whiskey--medicinal...... 2
Child--boy..............
Bitter--sweet...........
Hammer--saw.............
Thirsty--water..........
City--Middletown........17
Square--Madison.........
Butter--bread...........
Doctor--love............15
Loud--soft..............
Thief--burglar..........
Lion--animal............
Joy--ecstasy............
Bed--couch..............
Heavy--lead.............
Tobacco--smoke..........
Baby--boy...............
Moon--stars.............
Scissors--cotton........17
Quiet--noisy............
Green--yellow...........
Salt--pepper............
Street--Dean............17
King--God...............17
Cheese--Roquefort.......
Blossom--apple..........
Afraid--never...........
CASE No. 6367.--J.N. Depressive attack. Only two individual
reactions, both classed as normal; undue tendency to give non-specific
reactions.
Table--cup............17
Dark--light...........
Music--song...........
Sickness--pain........
Man--child............
Deep--high............
Soft--hard............
Eating--tasting.......
Mountain--valley......
House--room...........
Black--white..........
Mutton--lamb..........
Comfort--peace........
Hand--foot............
Short--long...........
Fruit--apple..........
Butterfly--moth.......
Smooth--rough.........
Command--obey.........
Chair--table..........
Sweet--sour...........
Whistle--song.........
Woman--love...........
Cold--warm............
Slow--fast............
Wish--well............
River--water..........
White--black..........
Beautiful--grand......
Window--glass.........
Rough--smooth.........
Citizen--man.......... 1
Foot--hand............
Spider--fly...........
Needle--thread........
Red--blue.............
Sleep--rest...........
Anger--passion........
Carpet--rug...........
Girl--child...........
High--low.............
Working--labor........
Sour--sweet...........
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--overcome.....17
Soldier--brave........
Cabbage--lettuce......
Hard--soft............
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--heart........
Stem--tree............
Lamp--light...........
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--red...........
Bread--roll...........
Justice--peace........
Boy--child............
Light--sun............
Health--wealth........
Bible--good........... 1
Memory--good.......... 1
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--fast...........
Blue--white...........
Hungry--eat...........
Priest--man........... 1
Ocean--water..........
Head--arm.............
Stove--warm...........
Long--short...........
Religion--good........ 1
Whiskey--none.........
Child--good........... 1
Bitter--sour..........
Hammer--noise.........
Thirsty--water........
City--country.........
Square--round.........
Butter--salt..........
Doctor--good.......... 1
Loud--noise...........
Thief--man............ 1
Lion--beast...........
Joy--good............. 1
Bed--good............. 1
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--smoke........
Baby--child...........
Moon--sun.............
Scissors--knife.......
Quiet--rest...........
Green--red............
Salt--water...........
Street--city..........
King--man............. 1
Cheese--butter........
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 5162.--W.H. Recurrent attacks, mixed in character; at time
of test patient was in a normal interval. 5 individual reactions, of
which 1 is classed as normal, 1 as a derivative, 2 as non-specific,
and 1 as a sound reaction; undue tendency to give non-specific
(common) reactions.
Table--comfort........
Dark--darknew......... 8
Music--pleasure....... 1
Sickness--sorrow......
Map--manners..........10
Deep--thought......... 1
Soft--comfort.........
Eating--pleasure...... 1
Mountain--height......
House--comfort........
Black--darkness.......
Mutton--eating........
Comfort--pleasure..... 1
Hand--useful.......... 1
Short--stumpy.........
Fruit--eating.........
Butterfly--handsome...
Smooth--plane.........
Command--ordering.....
Chair--easy...........
Sweet--candy..........
Whistle--noise........
Woman--love...........
Cold--freezing........
Slow--laziness........
Wish--good............ 1
River--water..........
White--clearness...... 2
Beautiful--handsome...
Window--scene.........
Rough--harshness......
Citizen--voting.......
Foot--stepping........
Spider--poison........
Needle--sharpness.....
Red--blood............
Sleep--comfort........
Anger--passion........
Carpet--walking.......
Girl--lovely..........
High--height..........
Working--business.....
Sour--tart............
Earth--planting.......
Trouble--Sorrow.......
Soldier--fighting.....
Cabbage--eating.......
Hard--harshness....... 2
Eagle--flying.........
Stomach--eating.......
Stem--vine............
Lamp--lighting........ 2
Dream--pleasure....... 1
Yellow--color.........
Bread--eating.........
Justice--suing........17
Boy--children.........
Light--seeing.........
Health--pleasure...... 1
Bible--thinking....... 9
Memory--recollections.
Sheep--wool...........
Bath--pleasure........ 1
Cottage--living.......
Swift--quickness......
Blue--sky.............
Hungry--pleasure...... 9
Priest--holiness......
Ocean--sailing........
Head--thinking........ 1
Stove--warmth.........
Long--length..........
Religion--holiness....
Whiskey--badness...... 2
Child--pleasure....... 1
Bitter--sourness......
Hammer--pounding......
Thirsty--drinking.....
City--town............
Square--measure.......
Butter--greasy........
Doctor--medicine......
Loud--hearing......... 2
Thief--stealing.......
Lion--fierceness......
Joy--pleasure......... 1
Bed--sleeping.........
Heavy--solid..........
Tobacco--pleasure..... 1
Baby--loveliness......
Moon--bright..........
Scissors--sharpness....
Quiet--pleasure....... 1
Green--color..........
Salt--taste...........
Street--walking.......
King--majestic.........
Cheese--eating........
Blossom--handsome.....
Afraid--fear..........
CASE No. 6279.--A.F. Maniacal attack; at time of test patient had
improved, though not recovered. Non-specific reactions; particles.
(Patient does not speak English with perfect fluency.)
Table--board..........
Dark--night...........
Music--piano..........
Sickness--appendicitis
Man--husband..........
Deep--hole............
Soft--hard............
Eating--vegetable.....
Mountain--country.....
House--comfort........
Black--cotton.........17
Mutton--lamb..........
Comfort--rest.........
Hand--arm.............
Short--Journey........
Fruit--apples.........
Butterfly--love.......13
Smooth--nice.......... 1
Command--order........
Chair--down...........12
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--blow.........
Woman--good........... 1
Cold--ice.............
Slow--lazy............
Wish--home............
River--boat...........
White--milk...........
Beautiful--flowers....
Window--corner........
Rough--man............ 1
Citizen--not..........12
Foot--short...........
Spider--don't.........12
Needle--steel.........
Red--rose.............
Sleep--well...........
Anger--not............
Carpet--beauty........ 1
Girl--love............
High--reason..........19
Working--dress........19
Sour--vinegar.........
Earth--ground.........
Trouble--much.........
Soldier--blue.........
Cabbage--sour.........
Hard--no..............12
Eagle--paper..........
Stomach--well.........17
Stem--flower..........
Lamp--light...........
Dream--awful..........19
Yellow--flower........
Bread--rye............
Justice--court........
Boy--little...........
Light--room...........
Health--love..........15
Bible--no.............
Memory--good.......... 1
Sheep--lot............19
Bath--cold............
Cottage--little.......
swift--kick...........17
Blue--no..............12
Hungry--no............
Priest--love..........15
Ocean--Grove..........
Head--black...........
Stove--shine..........19
Long--square..........
Religion--no..........
Whiskey--champagne....17
Child--my............. 2
Bitter--pepper........
Hammer--knock.........
Thirsty--no...........12
City--New York........
Square--table.........
Butter--good.......... 1
Doctor--S.............17
Loud--talk............
Thief--night..........
Lion--yes.............12
Joy--good............. 1
Bed--comfort..........
Heavy--Iron...........
Tobacco--strong.......
Baby--love............
Moon--shine...........
Scissors--cut........
Quiet--well...........
Green--bow............17
Salt--hitter..........
Street--Hinsdale......17
King--Franz Joseph....17
Cheese--Swiss.........
Blossom--nice......... 1
Afraid--no............
CASE No. 4578.--E.M. Circular insanity of over twenty years' standing;
at time of test patient was in a manic phase. Non-specific reactions;
doubtful reactions; neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.
Table--using.......... 1
Dark--unbright........ 4
Music--songs..........
Sickness--catching....17
Man--masculine........
Deep--high............
Soft--chew............19
Eating--sometimes.....12
Mountain--highlands...
House--live...........
Black--color..........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--easy.........
Hand--body............
Short--unlongly....... 4
Fruit--plants.........
Butterfly--insects....
Smooth--feeling.......
Command--do...........
Chair--use............ 1
Sweet--taste..........
Whistle--act..........
Woman--female.........
Cold--acting.......... 2
Slow--gradually.......17
Wish--desire..........
River--water..........
White--color..........
Beautiful--niceness... 2
Window--built.........19
Rough--treatment......17
Citizen--country......
Foot--body............
Spider--insect........
Needle--article....... 1
Red--color............
Sleep--tiredness...... 4
Anger--scolding.......
Carpet--article....... 1
Girl--female..........
High--low.............
Working--do...........
Sour--tasting.........
Earth--surface........
Trouble--worriment....
Soldier--man.......... 1
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--difficult.......
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--body.........
Stem--article......... 6
Lamp--article......... 1
Dream--untruly........ 4
Yellow--color.........
Bread--food...........
Justice--unfairly..... 2
Boy--masculine........
Light--easy...........
Health--sickness......
Bible--commandments...
Memory--remember......
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--cleanness.......
Cottage--country......
Swift--quickly........
Blue--color...........
Hungry--food..........
Priest--masculine.....15
Ocean--water..........
Head--body............
Stove--article........ 1
Long--shortly......... 2
Religion--Bible.......
Whiskey--drinking.....
Child--disremembering. 4
Bitter--taste.........
Hammer--using......... 1
Thirsty--drinking.....
City--acting..........15
Square--measuring..... 2
Butter--food..........
Doctor--helping....... 2
Loud--hearing......... 2
Thief--untrue.........15
Lion--animal..........
Joy--gladness.........
Bed--lying............
Heavy--unlightly...... 4
Tobacco--using........ 1
Baby--borning......... 4
Moon--sending.........19
Scissors--using....... 1
Quiet--acting......... 2
Green--color..........
Salt--food............
Street--walking.......
King--person.......... 1
Cheese--food..........
Blossom--plant........
Afraid--frightened....
CASE No. 5878.--A.B. Maniacal attack. 48 individual reactions, of
which 18 are classed as normal, 10 are sound reactions (2 sound
neologisms), 1 word complement, 8 particles, and 11 unclassified
reactions most of which are either obviously normal or "far fetched"
but not strictly incoherent.
Table--mahogany.......
Dark--green...........
Music--masonic........10
Sickness--seasickness.10
Man--maternity........10
Deep--well............
Soft--silk............
Eating--cleanliness...19
Mountain--Gibraltar...17
House--bungalow.......
Black--light..........
Mutton--lamb..........
Comfort--linen........17
Hand--left............17
Short--shorthand......10
Fruit--pears..........
Butterfly--canary.....17
Smooth--linen.........17
Command--pilot........17
Chair--round..........
Sweet--sugar..........
Whistle--mother.......19
Woman--twenty-one.....12
Cold--ice.............
Slow--music...........
Wish--girl............
River--Hudson.........
White--plaster........17
Beautiful--nature.....
Window--St. Patrick's.17
Rough--blankets.......19
Citizen--twenty-one...12
Foot--six.............12
Spider--fly...........
Needle--tailor........
Red--Herald...........19
Sleep--seven..........12
Anger--Angoria........ 3
Carpet--green.........
Girl--eighteen........12
High--school..........11
Working--ten..........12
Sour--kraut...........
Earth--round..........
Trouble--son..........19
Soldier--navy.........
Cabbage--curly........19
Hard--stone...........
Eagle--almanac........17
Stomach--stomjack..... 3
Stem--maple...........17
Lamp--New.....York....19
Dream--husband........19
Yellow--cards.........17
Bread--rye............
Justice--liberty......
Boy--Joe..............
Light--white..........
Health--death.........10
Bible--holy...........
Memory--seven.........12
Sheep--lamb...........
Bath--cleanliness.....
Cottage--gray.........17
Swift--ball...........
Blue--balloon.........10
Hungry--yes...........12
Priest--doctor........
Ocean--Niagara........17
Head--rest............
Stove--stationary.....10
Long--poems...........19
Religion--Catholic....
Whiskey--Hunter.......
Child--Jesus..........17
Bitter--gall..........
Hammer--steel.........
Thirsty--water........
City--New York........
Square--Union.........
Butter--sweet.........
Doctor--S.............17
Loud--discreet........19
Thief--night..........
Lion--Bostock......... 2
Joy--Joy Line.........10
Bed--Ostermoor........17
Heavy--iron...........
Tobacco--Durham.......
Baby--Rose............17
Moon--half............
Scissors--steel.......
Quiet--nursing........19
Green--grass..........
Salt--rock............
Street--Liberty.......17
King--Alphonso........
Cheese--Swiss.........
Blossom--apple........
Afraid--dark..........
CASE No. 6511.--U.B. Maniacal attack. Persistent use of particles
_oh, me, I, none,_ etc.
Table--none........... 6
Dark--red.............
Music--stock..........19
Sickness--rose........19
Man--Frank............17
Deep--blue............
Soft--pillow..........
Eating--no............12
Mountain--oyster......11
House--mercy..........19
Black--mother.........19
Mutton--me............ 6
Comfort--home.........
Hand--mother..........15
Short--me............. 6
Fruit--me............. 5
Butterfly--it.........12
Smooth--oh............12
Command--none......... 6
Chair--none........... 5
Sweet--for............12
Whistle--bird.........
Woman--I.............. 6
Cold--I............... 5
Slow--me..............
Wish--none............ 2
River--are............12
White--wife...........10
Beautiful--Alma.......17
Window--Stephen.......19
Rough--Rudolphia......10
Citizen--father.......17
Foot--Anthon..........19
Spider--reverend......19
Needle--pine..........17
Red--brother..........19
Sleep--Adam...........19
Anger--I.............. 6
Carpet--home..........
Girl--Agatha..........17
High--niece...........13
Working--I............ 6
Sour--I............... 5
Earth--I.............. 5
Trouble--I............ 5
Soldier--father.......15
Cabbage--hail.........19
Hard--me..............12
Eagle--I.............. 6
Stomach--I............ 5
Stem--life............
Lamp--Lambert.........10
Dream--I.............. 6
Yellow--I............. 5
Bread--I.............. 5
Justice--I............ 5
Boy--just.............13
Light--picture........19
Health--cook..........19
Bible--beads..........17
Memory--Dick..........19
Sheep--to.............12
Bath--none............
Cottage--home.........
Swift--lazy...........
Blue--Nell............19
Hungry--I.............
Priest--I............. 5
Ocean--I.............. 5
Head--home............ 6
Stove--home...........
Long--short...........
Religion--none........
Whiskey--none.........
Child--Sylvester......17
Bitter--I............. 6
Hammer--my............12
Thirsty--no........... 6
City--no.............. 5
Square--Ben...........19
Butter--I............. 6
Doctor--I............. 5
Loud--bell............
Thief--iron...........19
Lion--I............... 6
Joy--I................ 5
Bed--I................ 5
Heavy--I.............. 5
Tobacco--I............ 5
Baby--I............... 5
Moon--will............12
Scissors--beads.......15
Quiet--nerves.........19
Green--I.............. 6
Salt--I............... 5
Street--Peter.........17
King--I............... 6
Cheese--I............. 5
Blossom--I............ 5
Afraid--no............
CASE No. 4427.--A.R. Maniacal attack. Unusual number of doubtful
reactions; 46 individual reactions of which 9 are classed as normal;
29 are unclassified, some seemingly incoherent.
Table--Chicago........19
Dark--Montreal........18
Music--Mississippi....18
Sickness--flowers.....19
Man--ocean............19
Deep--medicines.......19
Soft--accidental......19
Eating--vaccination...19
Mountain--evergreens..17
House--caves..........19
Black--station........19
Mutton--operations....19
Comfort--money........
Hand--bandages........10
Short--soldiers.......19
Fruit--dictionary.....19
Butterfly--storehouse.19
Smooth--vegetables....18
Command--Bible........
Chair--histories......14
Sweet--farewells......19
Whistle--ammunition...19
Woman--foreign........19
Cold--armory..........19
Slow--St. Petersburg..19
Wish--wealth..........
River--revenue........10
White--purity.........
Beautiful--colonial...19
Window--shutters......
Rough--planes......... 2
Citizen--naturalization
Foot--carriage........19
Spider--remedies......19
Needle--canoe.........19
Red--refreshments.....10
Sleep--restfulness.... 2
Anger--usefulness..... 9
Carpet--coach.........19
Girl--finery..........19
High--fortifications..19
Working--materials....19
Sour--pickles.........
Earth--gravitation.... 2
Trouble--graphophone..19
Soldier--guns.........
Cabbage--children.....19
Hard--inheritance.....19
Eagle--feathers.......
Stomach--envelope.....19
Stem--roots...........
Lamp--oil.............
Dream--fairies........17
Yellow--lemons........ 2
Bread--jams...........17
Justice--repentance...17
Boy--clothes..........
Light--lanterns.......17
Health--joys.......... 2
Bible--heaven.........
Memory--head..........
Sheep--pastures.......
Bath--cleanliness.....
Cottage--home.........
Swift--rapids......... 2
Blue--truth...........
Hungry--appetite......
Priest--saintliness...17
Ocean--ships..........
Head--intelligence....
Stove--woods.......... 2
Long--trains.......... 2
Religion--godliness... 2
Whiskey--drunkenness..
Child--joyfulness..... 2
Bitter--olives........
Hammer--nuts..........
Thirsty--water........
City--shopping........
Square--monuments..... 2
Butter--crackers......17
Doctor--medicines.....
Loud--music...........
Thief--detectives..... 2
Lion--cages........... 2
Joy--home.............
Bed--restfulness...... 2
Heavy--expressage.....17
Tobacco--cigars.......
Baby--carriage........
Moon--light...........
Scissors--goods.......
Quiet--peacefulness...
Green--vegetables.....
Salt--water...........
Street--stones........
King--crown...........
Cheese--knife.........
Blossom--plants....... 2
Afraid--enemies.......17
CASE No. 6457.--C.G. Depressive attack. 36 individual reactions of
which 9 are classed as normal and 20 as unclassified; among the latter
several seem to be incoherent
Table--fish...........17
Dark--boat............
Music--water..........18
Sickness--tank........18
Man--horse............
Deep--ocean...........
Soft--egg.............
Eating--beans.........17
Mountain--grass.......
House--roof...........
Black--bath...........10
Mutton--butcher.......
Comfort--cigar........17
Hand--shoes...........19
Short--baseball.......19
Fruit--orange.........
Butterfly--elephant...19
Smooth--glass.........
Command--general......
Chair--kitchen........17
Sweet--cake...........17
Whistle--bird.........
Woman--door...........19
Cold--ice.............
Slow--cat.............19
Wish--bed.............19
River--trout..........17
White--paint..........
Beautiful--monkey.....19
Window--bars..........
Rough--rowdy..........
Citizen--policeman....
Foot--fine............ 9
Spider--insect........
Needle--sewing........
Red--man.............. 9
Sleep--pond...........19
Anger--hatred.........
Carpet--tacks.........
Girl--floor...........13
High--mountain........
Working--dog..........19
Sour--milk............
Earth--mud............
Trouble--radiator.....19
Soldier--cannon.......
Cabbage--vegetable....
Hard--wood............
Eagle--quick..........19
Stomach--flesh........
Stem--pipe............
Lamp--burn............
Dream--thinking....... 1
Yellow--mice..........19
Bread--baker..........
Justice--equality.....
Boy--young............
Light--green..........17
Health--art...........19
Bible--preacher.......
Memory--return........19
Sheep--fold...........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--fleeting....... 2
Blue--dark............
Hungry--thirst........
Priest--elephant......15
Ocean--briny..........19
Head--hard............
Stove--black..........
Long--grass...........
Religion--thinking.... 1
Whiskey--Kentucky.....
Child--carriage.......
Bitter--pickles.......
Hammer--nails.........
Thirsty--wanting......
City--New York........
Square--base..........17
Butter--cow...........
Doctor--carriage......
Loud--hall............19
Thief--prison.........
Lion--cage............
Joy--automobile.......
Bed--iron.............
Heavy--lead...........
Tobacco--weed.........
Baby--rocker..........
Moon--sky.............
Scissors--laundry.....19
Quiet--peaceful.......
Green--engine.........19
Salt--grocer..........19
Street--Lincoln.......17
King--Spain...........
Cheese--baker.........19
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--going......... 2
INVOLUTIONAL MELANCHOLIA; ALCOHOLIC DEMENTIA; SENILE DEMENTIA.
There are so few cases of these psychoses in our series that we can
say but little concerning their associational disorders.
In Table V. we show all the types of reactions given by each subject.
We have not observed in our cases of _involutional melancholia_ any
undue tendency to give individual reactions. The records are either
perfectly normal or slightly abnormal in that they show an increase of
the non-specific (common) reactions. In this respect they resemble
strongly the records obtained from some cases of manic-depressive
insanity. This similarity is of interest in connection with other
evidence, recently brought to light, [1] showing that involutional
melancholia is closely related to manic-depressive insanity, if not
identical with it.
[Footnote 1: G. L. Dreyfus. Die Melancholic ein Zustandsbild des
manisch-depressiven Irreseins. 1907.]
TABLE V.
+-----------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Involutional | Alcoholic | Senile |
| Melancholia | Dementia | Dementia |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| | | | | |
| 6| 4| 5| 6| 6| 6| 4| 5| 5| 6| 5| 6| 1| 6| 6| 5| 6| 5|
Case No.--| 2| 8| 7| 4| 3| 0| 8| 6| 2| 3| 9| 4| 0| 4| 4| 8| 5| 7|
TYPES OF REACTION | 0| 1| 1| 8| 6| 7| 1| 3| 9| 6| 6| 6| 0| 1| 7| 3| 3| 8|
| 7| 8| 9| 0| 8| 7| 2| 5| 8| 9| 7| 9| 9| 8| 1| 7| 3| 8|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
_Common reactions:_ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific reactions................|86|92|79|92|83|86|83|78|90|79|75|77|80|46|72|71|82|77|
Non-specific reactions............|13| 2|12| 1| 9| 4| 6| 6| 3|11|10| 8| 3| 8|16| 8|..| 3|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
_Doubtful reactions_................| 1| 2| 4| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 1| 2| 5| 3| 3| 7|..| 6|..|..|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
_Individual reactions:_ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Normal reactions..................|..| 2| 1| 4|..| 3| 1| 6| 5| 4| 3| 4| 3|14| 2| 4| 8| 3|
Derivatives of stimulus words.....|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|
Non-specific Reactions............|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 2|..|..|
Sound reactions (words)...........|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Sound reactions (neologisms)......|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Word complements..................|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Particles of speech...............|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 5| 1| 2|..| 1|
Association to preceding stimulus.|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|
Association to preceding reaction.|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 3|
Repetition of preceding stimulus..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|
Repetition of previous stimulus...|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|
Repetition of preceding reaction..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|
Repetition of previous reaction...|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2| 1| 2| 3| 1| 2|
Reaction repeated five times......|..|..|..|..| 4|..|..|..|..| 2| 2| 4|..| 4|..|..|..| 3|
Neologisms without sound relation.|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Unclassified......................|..| 2| 4|..| 1| 3| 1| 6|..| 2| 3| 4| 8|14| 6| 2| 8| 5|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Total individual reactions 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 6 8 10 12 14 39 12 15 18 20
CASE No. 4818.--S.M. Normal record.
Table--wood.............
Dark--black.............
Music--noise............
Sickness--illness.......
Man--being..............
Deep--depth.............
Soft--mushy.............
Eating--devouring.......
Mountain--hill..........
House--residence........
Black--color............
Mutton--meat............
Comfort--luxury.........
Hand--body..............
Short--abrupt...........19
Fruit--oranges..........
Butterfly--insect.......
Smooth--even............
Command--order..........
Chair--article.......... 1
Sweet--taste............
Whistle--noise..........
Woman--sex..............
Cold--temperature.......
Slow--dull..............
Wish--desire............
River--water............
White--color............
Beautiful--sky..........
Window--glass...........
Rough--uneven...........
Citizen--representative.17
Foot--end...............19
Spider--insect..........
Needle--instrument......
Red--color..............
Sleep--repose...........
Anger--temper...........
Carpet--rug.............
Girl--sex...............
High--elevation.........
Working--employment.....
Sour--bitter............
Earth--clay.............
Trouble--anxiety........
Soldier--military.......
Cabbage--vegetable......
Hard--substance.........
Eagle--bird.............
Stomach--body...........
Stem--flower............
Lamp--light.............
Dream--imagination......
Yellow--color...........
Bread--wheat............
Justice--credit.........17
Boy--child..............
Light--sun..............
Health--condition.......
Bible--book.............
Memory--remembrance.....
Sheep--lamb.............
Bath--bathing...........
Cottage--house..........
Swift--rapid............
Blue--color.............
Hungry--desire..........
Priest--minister........
Ocean--water............
Head--body..............
Stove--fire.............
Long--distance..........
Religion--creed.........
Whiskey--liquor.........
Child--infant...........
Bitter--sour............
Hammer--tool............
Thirsty--dry............
City--town..............
Square--block...........
Butter--food............
Doctor--physician.......
Loud--noisy.............
Thief--burglar..........
Lion--animal............
Joy--happiness.......... 1
Bed--cot................
Heavy--weight...........
Tobacco--weed...........
Baby--infant............
Moon--light.............
Scissors--instrument....
Quiet--noiseless........
Green--color............
Salt--seasoning.........
Street--block...........
King--ruler.............
Cheese--food............
Blossom--flower.........
Afraid--fear............
CASE No. 6207.--T.S. No individual reactions; 13 non-specific
reactions.
Table--furniture......
Dark--color...........
Music--fiddle.........
Sickness--bed.........
Man--person........... 1
Deep--water...........
Soft--pliable.........
Eating--cake..........
Mountain--high........
House--bricks.........
Black--color..........
Mutton--meat..........
Comfort--easy.........
Hand--limb............
Short--small.......... 1
Fruit--vegetable......
Butterfly--insect.....
Smooth--level.........
Command--control......
Chair--sit............
Sweet--nice........... 1
Whistle--noise........
Woman--person......... 1
Cold--atmosphere......
Slow--easy............
Wish--something.......
River--stream.........
White--color..........
Beautiful--nice....... 1
Window--glass.........
Rough--unpleasant..... 1
Citizen--person....... 1
Foot--limb............
Spider--insect........
Needle--instrument....
Red--color............
Sleep--bed............
Anger--irritable......
Carpet--rug...........
Girl--person.......... 1
High--elevation.......
Working--try.......... 2
Sour--bitter..........
Earth--sand...........
Trouble--anxiety......
Soldier--person....... 1
Cabbage--plant........
Hard--stone...........
Eagle--bird...........
Stomach--person....... 1
Stem--apple...........
Lamp--light...........
Dream--sleep..........
Yellow--color.........
Bread--flour..........
Justice--Equal........
Boy--child............
Light--gas............
Health--doctor........
Bible--Scripture......
Memory--thought....... 1
Sheep--animal.........
Bath--water...........
Cottage--house........
Swift--quick..........
Blue--color...........
Hungry--want..........
Priest--preach........
Ocean--water..........
Head--person.......... 1
Stove--heat...........
Long--length..........
Religion--belief......
Whiskey--drink........
Child--person......... 1
Bitter--sour..........
Hammer--tool..........
Thirsty--dry..........
City--place...........
Square--shape.........
Butter--eat...........
Doctor--physician.....
Loud--hear............
Thief--steal..........
Lion--animal..........
Joy--glad.............
Bed--sleep............
Heavy--weight.........
Tobacco--plant........
Baby--child...........
Moon--light...........
Scissors--tool........
Quiet--rest...........
Green--color..........
Salt--spice...........
Street--place.........
King--ruler...........
Cheese--eat...........
Blossom--flower.......
Afraid--hide..........
CASE No. 5719.--A.W.S. 5 individual reactions; 12 non-specific
reactions.