Insurrection in North Carolina.... Dissatisfaction of Massachusetts....
Corresponding-committees.... Governor Hutchinson's correspondence
communicated by Dr. Franklin.... The assembly petition for his
removal.... He is succeeded by General Gage.... Measures to enforce the
act concerning duties.... Ferment in America.... The tea thrown into
the sea at Boston.... Measures of Parliament.... General enthusiasm in
America.... A general congress proposed.... General Gage arrives....
Troops stationed on Boston neck.... New counsellors and judges....
Obliged to resign.... Boston neck fortified.... Military stores seized
by General Gage.... Preparations for defence.... King's speech....
Proceedings of Parliament.... Battle of Lexington.... Massachusetts
raises men.... Meeting of Congress.... Proceedings of that body....
Transactions in Virginia.... Provincial congress of South Carolina....
Battle of Breed's hill.
NOTES
Footnotes
ILLUSTRATIONS
General Washington
Ruins of the Old Brick Church Built at Jamestown In 1639
Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1622
Penn Seeking Freedom for Imprisoned Friends
Great Meadows and the Site of Fort Necessity
General Braddock's Grave
The Death of Wolfe on the Plains Of Abraham
The Boston Tea Party
LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume II.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
Birth of Mr. Washington.... His mission to the French on the Ohio....
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of regular troops....
Surprises Monsieur Jumonville.... Capitulation of fort Necessity.... Is
appointed aid-de-camp to General Braddock.... Defeat and death of
that general.... Is appointed to the command of a regiment.... Extreme
distress of the frontiers, and exertions of Colonel Washington to
augment the regular forces of the colony.... Expedition against fort
Du Quesne.... Defeat of Major Grant.... Fort Du Quesne evacuated by
the French, and taken possession of by the English.... Resignation of
Colonel Washington.... His marriage.
CHAPTER II.
Colonel Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the American
forces.... Arrives at Cambridge.... Strength and disposition of the
two armies.... Deficiency of the Americans in arms and ammunitions....
Falmouth burnt.... Success of the American cruisers.... Distress of
the British from the want of fresh provisions.... Measures to form a
continental army.... Difficulty of re-enlisting the troops.... Plan for
attacking Boston.... General Lee detached to New York.... Possession
taken of the heights of Dorchester.... Boston evacuated....
Correspondence respecting prisoners.
CHAPTER III.
Invasion of Canada meditated.... Siege of St. John's.... Capture of
fort Chamblee.... Carleton defeated at Longueisle.... St. John's
capitulated.... Montreal surrenders.... Arnold's expedition.... He
arrives before Quebec.... Retires to Point Aux Trembles.... Montgomery
lays siege to Quebec.... Unsuccessful attack on that place.... Death of
Montgomery.... Blockade of Quebec.... General Thomas takes command
of the army.... The blockade raised.... General Sullivan takes the
command.... Battle of the Three Rivers.... Canada evacuated.... General
Carleton constructs a fleet.... Enters lake Champlain.... Defeats the
American flotilla.... Takes possession of Crown Point.... Retires into
winter quarters.
CHAPTER IV.
Transaction in Virginia.... Action at Great Bridge.... Norfolk
evacuated.... Burnt.... Transactions in North Carolina.... Action at
Moore's Creek Bridge.... Invasion of South Carolina.... British fleet
repulsed at Fort Moultrie.... Transactions in New York.... Measures
leading to Independence.... Independence declared.
CHAPTER V.
Lord and Sir William Howe arrive before New York.... Circular letter of
Lord Howe.... State of the American Army.... The British land in force
on Long Island.... Battle of Brooklyn.... Evacuation of Long Island....
Fruitless negotiations.... New York evacuated.... Skirmish on the
heights of Haerlem.... Letter on the state of the army.
CHAPTER VI.
The British land at Frog's Neck.... The American army evacuates York
Island, except fort Washington.... Both armies move towards the White
Plains.... Battle of the White Plains.... The British army returns to
Kingsbridge.... General Washington crosses the North river.... The
lines of fort Washington carried by the British, and the garrison
made prisoners.... Evacuation of fort Lee.... Weakness of the American
army.... Ineffectual attempts to raise the militia.... General
Washington retreats through Jersey.... General Washington crosses the
Delaware.... Danger of Philadelphia.... Capture of General Lee....
The British go into winter quarters.... Battle of Trenton.... Of
Princeton.... Firmness of congress.
CHAPTER VII.
American army inoculated.... General Heath moves to Kingsbridge....
Returns to Peekskill.... Skirmishes.... State of the army....
Destruction of stores at Peekskill.... At Danbury.... Expedition to Sagg
Harbour.... Camp formed at Middlebrook.... Sir William Howe moves out
to Somerset Court House.... Returns to Amboy.... Attempts to cut off
the retreat of the American army to Middlebrook.... Lord Cornwallis
skirmishes with Lord Stirling.... General Prescott surprised and
taken.... The British army embarks.
CHAPTER VIII.
General Washington commences his march to the Delaware.... Takes
measures for checking Burgoyne.... British army land at Elk River....
General Washington advances to Brandywine.... Retreat of Maxwell....
Defeat at Brandywine.... Slight skirmish near the White Horse, and
retreat to French Creek.... General Wayne surprised.... General Howe
takes possession of Philadelphia.... Removal of Congress to Lancaster.
CHAPTER IX.
Measures to cut off the communication between the British army and
fleet.... Battle of Germantown.... Measures to intercept supplies to
Philadelphia.... Attack on fort Mifflin.... On Red Bank.... The Augusta
blows up.... Fort Mifflin evacuated.... Fort Mercer evacuated.... The
British open the communication with their fleet.... Washington urged to
attack Philadelphia.... General Howe marches out to Chestnut Hill....
Returns to Philadelphia.... General Washington goes into winter
quarters.
CHAPTER X.
Inquiry into the conduct of General Schuyler.... Burgoyne appears
before Ticonderoga.... Evacuation of that place,... of Skeensborough....
Colonel Warner defeated.... Evacuation of fort Anne.... Proclamation of
Burgoyne.... Counter-proclamation of Schuyler.... Burgoyne approaches
fort Edward.... Schuyler retires to Saratoga,... to Stillwater....
St. Leger invests fort Schuyler.... Herkimer defeated.... Colonel Baum
detached to Bennington.... is defeated.... Brechman defeated.... St.
Leger abandons the siege of fort Schuyler.... Murder of Miss M'Crea....
General Gates takes command.... Burgoyne encamps on the heights of
Saratoga.... Battle of Stillwater.... Burgoyne retreats to Saratoga....
Capitulates.... The British take forts Montgomery and Clinton.... The
forts Independence and Constitution evacuated by the Americans....
Ticonderoga evacuated by the British.
CHAPTER XI.
Defects in the Commissary departments.... Distress of the army at Valley
Forge.... The army subsisted by impressments.... Combination in congress
against General Washington.... Correspondence between him and General
Gates.... Distress of the army for clothes.... Washington's exertions to
augment the army.... Congress sends a committee to camp.... Attempt to
surprise Captain Lee.... Congress determines on a second expedition to
Canada.... Abandons it.... General Conway resigns.... The Baron Steuben
appointed Inspector General.... Congress forbids the embarkation of
Burgoyne's army.... Plan of reconciliation agreed to in Parliament....
Communicated to congress and rejected.... Information of treaties
between France and the United States.... Complaints of the treatment of
prisoners.... A partial exchange agreed to.
NOTES
Footnotes
ILLUSTRATIONS
Wakefield--the Birthplace of George Washington
The Washington Family Burial Ground
The Historic Washington Elm at Cambridge, Massachusetts
Independence Hall, Philadelphia
Washington's Headquarters at White Plains
Washington Crossing the Delaware
The Saratoga Battle Monument
Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge
LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume III.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
Incursion into Jersey.... General Lacy surprised.... Attempt on
Lafayette at Barren hill.... General Howe resigns the command of
the British army.... Is succeeded by Sir H. Clinton.... He evacuates
Philadelphia, and marches through the Jerseys.... A council of war
which decides against attacking the British on their march.... Battle of
Monmouth.... General Lee arrested.... Sentenced to be suspended for one
year.... Thanks of Congress to General Washington and his army.
CHAPTER II.
Count D'Estaing arrives with a French fleet.... Meditates an attack on
the British fleet in New York harbour.... Relinquishes it.... Sails
to Rhode Island.... Lord Howe appears off Rhode Island.... Both fleets
dispersed by a storm.... General Sullivan lays siege to Newport....
D'Estaing returns.... Sails for Boston.... Sullivan expresses his
dissatisfaction in general orders.... Raises the siege of Newport....
Action on Rhode Island.... The Americans retreat to the Continent....
Count D'Estaing expresses his dissatisfaction with Sullivan in a letter
to congress.... General Washington labours successfully to heal these
discontents.... Lord Howe resigns the command of the British fleet....
Colonel Baylor's regiment surprised.... Captain Donop defeated by
Colonel Butler.... Expedition of the British against Egg Harbour....
Pulaski surprised.
CHAPTER III.
Arrival of the British commissioners.... Terms of conciliation
proposed.... Answer of congress to their propo[Pg iv]sitions....
Attempts of Mr. Johnson to bribe some members of congress....
His private letters ordered to be published.... Manifesto of the
commissioners, and counter-manifesto of congress.... Arrival of Monsieur
Girard, minister plenipotentiary of France.... Hostilities of the
Indians.... Irruption into the Wyoming settlement.... Battle of
Wyoming.... Colonel Dennison capitulates for the inhabitants....
Distress of the settlement.... Colonel Clarke surprises St. Vincent....
Congress determines to invade Canada.... General Washington opposes the
measure.... Induces congress to abandon it.
CHAPTER IV.
Divisions in Congress.... Letters of General Washington on the state
of public affairs.... Invasion of Georgia.... General Howe defeated by
Colonel Campbell.... Savannah taken.... Sunbury surrenders.... Georgia
reduced.... General Lincoln takes command of the Southern army.... Major
Gardener defeated by General Moultrie.... Insurrection of the Tories
in South Carolina.... They are defeated by Colonel Pickens.... Ash
surprised and defeated.... Moultrie retreats.... Prevost marches
to Charleston.... Lincoln attacks the British at Stono Ferry
unsuccessfully.... Invasion of Virginia.
CHAPTER V.
Discontents in a part of the American army.... Letter from General
Washington on the subject.... Colonel Van Schaick destroys an Indian
settlement.... Expedition against the Indians meditated.... Fort Fayette
surrendered to the British.... Invasion of Connecticut.... General Wayne
storms Stony Point.... Expedition against Penobscot.... Powles Hook
surprised by Major Lee.... Arrival of Admiral Arbuthnot.... Of the Count
D'Estaing.... Siege of Savannah.... Unsuccessful attempt to storm that
place.... Siege raised.... Victory of General Sullivan at Newtown....
Spain offers her me[Pg v]diation to the belligerents.... Declares
war against England.... Letter from General Washington to congress
respecting the annual formation of the army.... The army goes into
winter quarters.
CHAPTER VI.
South Carolina invaded.... The British fleet passes the bar, and
gets possession of the harbour of Charleston.... Opinion of General
Washington on the propriety of defending that place.... Sir Henry
Clinton invests the town.... Tarleton surprises an American corps at
Monk's Corner.... Fort Moultrie surrendered.... Tarleton defeats
Colonel White.... General Lincoln capitulates.... Buford defeated....
Arrangements for the government of South Carolina and Georgia.... Sir
Henry Clinton embarks for New York.... General Gates takes command of
the Southern army.... Is defeated near Camden.... Death of De Kalb....
Success of General Sumpter.... He is defeated.
CHAPTER VII.
Distress in the American camp.... Expedition against Staten Island....
Requisitions on the states.... New scheme of finance.... Committee
of congress deputed to camp.... Resolution to make up depreciation of
pay.... Mutiny in the line of Connecticut.... General Knyphausen
enters Jersey.... Sir Henry Clinton returns to New York.... Skirmish at
Springfield.... Exertions to strengthen the army.... Bank established in
Philadelphia.... Contributions of the ladies.... Farther proceedings of
the states.... Arrival of a French armament in Rhode Island.... Changes
in the quartermaster's department.... Enterprise against New York
abandoned.... Naval superiority of the British.
CHAPTER VIII.
Treason and escape of Arnold.... Trial and execution of Major Andre....
Precautions for the security of West[Pg vi] Point.... Letter of General
Washington on American affairs.... Proceedings of congress respecting
the army.... Major Talmadge destroys the British stores at Coram.... The
army retires into winter quarters.... Irruption of Major Carleton into
New York.... European transactions.
CHAPTER IX.
Transactions in South Carolina and Georgia.... Defeat of Ferguson....
Lord Cornwallis enters North Carolina.... Retreat out of that state....
Major Wemys defeated by Sumpter.... Tarleton repulsed.... Greene
appointed to the command of the Southern army.... Arrives in camp....
Detaches Morgan over the Catawba.... Battle of the Cowpens.... Lord
Cornwallis drives Greene through North Carolina into Virginia.... He
retires to Hillsborough.... Greene recrosses the Dan.... Loyalists under
Colonel Pyle cut to pieces.... Battle of Guilford.... Lord Cornwallis
retires to Ramsay's mills.... To Wilmington.... Greene advances
to Ramsay's mills.... Determines to enter South Carolina.... Lord
Cornwallis resolves to march to Virginia.
CHAPTER X.
Virginia invaded by Arnold.... He destroys the stores at Westham and
at Richmond.... Retires to Portsmouth.... Mutiny in the Pennsylvania
line.... Sir H. Clinton attempts to negotiate with the mutineers....
They compromise with the civil government.... Mutiny in the Jersey
line.... Mission of Colonel Laurens to France.... Propositions to
Spain.... Recommendations relative to a duty on imported and prize
goods.... Reform in the Executive departments.... Confederation
adopted.... Military transactions.... Lafayette detached to
Virginia.... Cornwallis arrives.... Presses Lafayette.... Expedition
to Charlottesville, to the Point of Fork.... Lafayette forms a junction
with Wayne.... Cornwallis retires to the lower country.... General
Washington's letters are intercepted.... Action near Jamestown.[Pg vii]
CHAPTER XI.
Farther state of affairs in the beginning of the year 1781.... Measures
of Mr. Morris, the superintendent of finances.... Designs of General
Washington against New York.... Count Rochambeau marches to the North
River.... Intelligence from the Count de Grasse.... Plan of operations
against Lord Cornwallis.... Naval engagement.... The combined armies
march for the Chesapeake.... Yorktown invested.... Surrender of Lord
Cornwallis.
NOTES.
Footnotes.
ILLUSTRATIONS
George Washington, by Gilbert Stuart
Martha Washington, by Gilbert Stuart
George Washington, by John Trumbull
The Ruins of Stony Point--On the Hudson
Beverly Robinson Mansion at West Point
Where Washington Stayed During Andre's Trial
The Moore House at Yorktown, Virginia
LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume IV.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
Greene invests Camden.... Battle of Hobkirk's Hill.... Progress of
Marion and Lee.... Lord Rawdon retires into the lower country.... Greene
invests Ninety Six.... Is repulsed.... Retires from that place....
Active movements of the two armies.... After a short repose they resume
active operations.... Battle of Eutaw.... The British army retires
towards Charleston.
CHAPTER II.
Preparations for another campaign.... Proceedings in the Parliament of
Great Britain. Conciliatory conduct of General Carleton.... Transactions
in the south.... Negotiations for peace.... Preliminary and eventual
articles agreed upon between the United States and Great Britain....
Discontents of the American army.... Peace.... Mutiny of a part of the
Pennsylvania line.... Evacuation of New York.... General Washington
resigns his commission and retires to Mount Vernon.
CHAPTER III.
General Washington devotes his time to rural pursuits.... to the duties
of friendship.... and to institutions of public utility.... Resolves of
Congress and of the Legislature of Virginia for erecting statues to
his honour.... Recommends improvement in inland navigation.... Declines
accepting a donation made to him by his native state.... The society of
the Cincinnati.... He is elected President.... The causes which led to
a change of the government of the United States.... Circular letter of
General Washington to the governors of the several states.
CHAPTER IV.
Differences between Great Britain and the United States.... Mr. Adams
appointed minister to Great Britain.... Discontents excited by the
commercial regulations of Britain.... Parties in the United States....
The convention at Annapolis.... Virginia appoints deputies to a
convention at Philadelphia.... General Washington chosen one of them....
Insurrection at Massachusetts.... Convention at Philadelphia.... A form
of government submitted to the respective states, as ratified by eleven
of them.... Correspondence of General Washington respecting the
chief magistracy.... He is elected president.... Meeting of the first
congress.
CHAPTER V.
The election of General Washington officially announced to him.... His
departure for the seat of government.... Marks of affection shown him on
his journey.... His inauguration and speech to Congress.... His system
of intercourse with the world.... Letters on this and other subjects....
Answers of both houses of Congress to the speech.... Domestic and
foreign relations of the United States.... Debates on the impost and
tonnage bills.... On the power of removal from office.... On the policy
of the secretary of the treasury reporting plans of revenue.... On
the style of the President.... Amendments to the constitution....
Appointment of executive officers, and of the judges.... Adjournment of
the first session of congress.... The President visits New England....
His reception.... North Carolina accedes to the union.
CHAPTER VI.
Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... Report of the secretary
of the treasury on public credit.... Debate thereon.... Bill for fixing
the permanent seat of government.... Adjournment of congress.... Treaty
with the Creek Indians.... Relations of the United States with Great
Britain and Spain.... The President visits Mount Vernon.... Session of
congress.... The President's speech.... Debates on the excise.... On a
national bank.... The opinions of the cabinet on the law.... Progress of
parties.... War with the Indians.... Defeat of Harmar.... Adjournment of
congress.
CHAPTER VII.
General St. Clair appointed Commander-in-chief.... The President makes a
tour through the southern states.... Meeting of congress.... President's
speech.... Debate on the bill for apportioning representatives....
Military law.... Defeat of St. Clair.... Opposition to the increase
of the army.... Report of the Secretary of the Treasury for raising
additional supplies.... Congress adjourns.... Strictures on the conduct
of administration, with a view of parties.... Disagreement between
the Secretaries of State and Treasury.... Letters from General
Washington.... Opposition to the excise law.... President's
proclamation.... Insurrection and massacre in the island of St.
Domingo.... General Wayne appointed to the command of the army....
Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... Resolutions implicating
the Secretary of the Treasury, rejected.... Congress adjourns....
Progress of the French revolution, and its effects on parties in the
United States.
NOTES.
Footnotes.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
George Washington
Livingston Manor, Dobbs Ferry, New York
The Long Room in Fraunces' Tavern, New York City
The Old Senate Chamber at Annapolis, Maryland,
Where Washington Resigned His Commission
The Room in Which the First Constitutional Convention Met in Philadelphia
Washington Taking the Oath of Office
View of the Old City or Federal Hall, New York, in 1789
Tomb of Mary, Mother of Washington
LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume IV.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
G. Washington again unanimously elected President.... War between Great
Britain and France.... Queries of the President respecting the
conduct to be adopted by the American government.... Proclamation of
neutrality.... Arrival of Mr. Genet as minister from France.... His
conduct.... Illegal proceedings of the French cruisers.... Opinions
of the cabinet.... State of parties.... Democratic societies.... Genet
calculates upon the partialities of the American people for France, and
openly insults their government.... Rules laid down by the executive to
be observed in the ports of the United States in relation to the powers
at war.... The President requests the recall of Genet.... British order
of 8th of June, 1793.... Decree of the national convention relative to
neutral commerce.
CHAPTER II.
Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... His message on the
foreign relations of the United States.... Report of the Secretary
of State on the commerce of the United States.... He resigns.... Is
succeeded by Mr. Randolph.... Mr. Madison's resolutions founded on the
above report.... Debate thereon.... Debates on the subject of a navy....
An embargo law.... Mission of Mr. Jay to Great Britain.... Inquiry into
the conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, terminates honourably to
him.... Internal taxes.... Congress adjourns.
CHAPTER III.
Genet recalled.... Is succeeded by Mr. Fauchet.... Gouverneur Morris
recalled, and is succeeded by Mr. Monroe.... Kentucky remonstrance....
Intemperate resolutions of the people of that state.... General Wayne
defeats the Indians on the Miamis.... Insurrection in the western parts
of Pennsylvania.... Quelled by the prompt and vigorous measures of the
government.... Meeting of Congress.... President's speech.... Democratic
societies.... Resignation of Colonel Hamilton.... Is succeeded by Mr.
Wolcott.... Resignation of General Knox.... Is succeeded by Colonel
Pickering.... Treaty between the United States and Great Britain....
Conditionally ratified by the President.... The treaty unpopular....
Mr. Randolph resigns.... Is succeeded by Colonel Pickering.... Colonel
M'Henry appointed secretary at war.... Charge against the President
rejected..... Treaty with the Indians north-west of the Ohio....
With Algiers.... With Spain.... Meeting of congress.... President's
speech.... Mr. Adet succeeds Mr. Fauchet..... The house of
representatives call upon the President for papers relating to the
treaty with Great Britain.... He declines sending them.... Debates upon
the treaty making power.... Upon the bill for making appropriations
to carry into execution the treaty with Great Britain.... Congress
adjourns.... The President endeavours to procure the liberation of
Lafayette.
CHAPTER IV.
Letters from General Washington to Mr. Jefferson.... Hostile measures
of France against the United States.... Mr. Monroe recalled and General
Pinckney appointed to succeed him.... General Washington's valedictory
address to the people of the United States.... The Minister of France
endeavours to influence the approaching election.... The President's
speech to congress.... He denies the authenticity of certain spurious
letters published in 1776.... John Adams elected President, and Thomas
Jefferson Vice President.... General Washington retires to Mount
Vernon.... Political situation of the United States at this period....
The French government refuses to receive General Pinckney as
Minister.... Congress is convened.... President's speech.... Three
envoys extraordinary deputed to France.... Their treatment.... Measures
of hostility adopted by the American government against France....
General Washington appointed Commander-in-chief of the American army....
His death.... And character.
NOTES.
Footnotes.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
President Washington
Martha Washington
George Washington
George Washington's Bedroom at Mount Vernon
George Washington
Martha Washington's Bedroom at Mount Vernon
Mount Vernon
Resting-Place of George and Martha Washington at Mount Vernon
End of Project Gutenberg's The Life Of George Washington, by John Marshall