IN the Italian Archipelago, which may be said to begin in the south at
Sicily, and to extend northward to Corsica, there may be found a nearly
deserted island, composed of pure granite crags, down which delicious
streams of pure water flow, that never quite fail even in summer. It is
rich in vegetation of low but pretty growth, for the tempestuous winds
which rush over it prevent the trees from attaining any great height.
This, however, is compensated by the healthiness of this little island,
in which one may always enjoy fresh and pure air. The plants that grow
out of the crevices in the rocks are chiefly aromatic, and when a fire
is made of the leaves and twigs, they send forth a fragrance which
perfumes the whole vicinity.
The wandering cattle that graze over the promontories of the island, are
small in size but very robust. So are, also, the few inhabitants, who
live not in affluence but sufficient comfort upon the produce of their
tillage, fishing, and shooting, while, moreover, they are supplied with
other necessaries from the continent by the generosity or commerce of
their friends.
The inhabitants being scanty, police and government are superfluous, and
the absence of priests is one of the especial blessings of this little
spot. There God is worshipped, as he should be, in purity of spirit,
without formalism, fee, or mockery, under the canopy of the blue
heavens, with the planets for lamps, the sea-winds for music, and the
greensward of the island for altars.
The head of the principal family on this little island is, like other
men, one who has experienced both prosperity and misfortune. Like other
men he has his faults, but he has enjoyed the honor of serving the cause
of the people. Cosmopolitan, he loves all countries more or less; but
Italy and Rome he loves to adoration.
He hates the priesthood as a lying and mischievous institution, but
is ready, so soon as they divest themselves of their malignity and
buffoonery, to welcome them with open arms to a nobler vocation, a new
but honest profession, and to urge men to pardon their past offenses,
conforming in this, as in other acts, to a spirit of universal
tolerance. Though not suffering them as priests, he pities and yearns
towards them as men; for priests he regards as the assassins of the
soul, and in that light esteems them more culpable than those who slay
the body. He has passed his life in the hope of seeing the populations
ennobled, and to the extent of his power, has championed always and
everywhere their rights, but sadly confesses that he has lived partly in
a false hope; for more than one nation, raised to freedom and light
by Providence, has paltered again with despotism, whose rulers become
perhaps even more unjust and arbitrary than the patrician.
Still, this man never despairs of the ultimate amelioration of mankind,
albeit he is deeply grieved at the slowness of its coming. He regards
as the worst enemies of the liberty of the people those democratic
_doctrinnaires_ who have preached and still preach revolution, not as
a terrible remedy, a stern Nemesis, but as a trade carried on for their
own advancement He believes that these same mercenaries of liberty have
ruined many republics, and brought dishonor upon the republican system.
Of this there is a striking example in the great and glorious French
Republic of 1789, which is held up at the present day as a scarecrow by
despots and their crew against those who maintain the excellence of
the popular system. He defines a perfect republic to be a government of
honest and virtuous people by honesty and virtue, and illustrates his
definition by pointing to the downfall of all republics when people have
eschewed virtue and turned away towards vice. But he does not believe in
a republican government composed of five hundred governors.
He considers that the liberty of a nation consists in the people
choosing their own government, and that this government should be
dictatorial or presidential; that is to say, directed by one man alone.
To such an institution the greatest people in the world owed their
greatness. But woe be to those who, instead of a Cincinnatus, elect
a Caesar! The Dictatorship should be limited to a fixed period, and
prolonged only in extraordinary cases, like that in the authority of
Abraham Lincoln in the late war of the United States. It must be guarded
by popular rights and public opinion from becoming either excessive or
hereditary.
The islander whom we are describing, however, is not a dogmatist, and
holds that form of government desired or adopted by the majority of
the people most beneficial to each nation; and he gives, by way of
illustration, the English constitution. He regards the existing European
system as utterly immoral, and the governments guilty of the crimes and
suffering of the Continent; since, instead of seeking the welfare and
prosperity of their peoples, they intrigue only to secure their
own despotic positions. Hence that legion of armies, political
functionaries, and hangers-on, who devour in idleness the productions
of industry; pampering their vicious appetites, and spreading universal
corruption. These drones of the hive, not content with what suffices for
one man, conspire to appropriate to each of themselves the portion of
fifty to maintain their pomp and supply their luxuries.
This is just why the working portion of the populace are loaded with
taxes, and deprived of the manliest of their sons, who are torn from
the plough and the workshop to swell the ranks of the armies, under
the pretext that they are necessary to their country's safety, but in
reality to sustain a monstrous and fatal form of government. The people
are consequently discontented, starving, and wretched.
The continual state of warfare in which Europe is kept, too clearly
shows how ill-governed it is. Were each nation naturally and nobly
governed, war would cease, and the people would learn to understand
and to respect one another's rights without a passionate or suicidal
recourse to arms.
A Federation of European nations must be cemented by the medium of
representatives for each country, whose fundamental proclamation should
be--"War is declared impossible" and their second basis the law that, "All
disputes which may arise between nations shall henceforth be settled by
the International Congress."
Thus war--that scourge and disgrace of humanity--would be exterminated
forever, and with its extermination, the necessity for maintaining a
paid army would obviously cease, and the children of the peoples, now
led out to slaughter under the fictitious names of patriotism and glory,
would be restored to their families, to the field, and to the workshop,
once more to contribute to the fruitfulness and general improvement of
their native countries.
Such, then, are the sentiments upon these topics of the recluse, and we
frankly confess them to be also our own.
To this island, the abode of the recluse, Julia had arranged to take her
friends; but when it became impracticable for Silvia and Clelia to join
them, on account of the storm, and the consequent injury to the yacht,
she changed her plans, feeling that they would have altered their own,
and resolved to touch there only for advice, and then to return to the
Continent to gain, if possible, some news of Manlio's family.
Picture, courteous reader, one of those Mediterranean daybreaks which,
by its glorious beauty of gold and color, makes the watchers forget the
miseries of life and ponder only those marvellous marks of the Creator's
love with which he has embellished the earth.
Dawn is slowly breaking over the horizon, and tinting with all the
colors of the rainbow the fleecy clouds. The stars insensibly pale and
disappear before the radiance of the rising sun; and the voyager stands
enchanted at the sight, as the gentle breath of morning streams from the
east, slightly ruffling the blue waters, and fanning his cheek.
The small ash-colored island appears in the bright light above the
waves, as the _Seagull_, wafted slowly by a slight wind from the
eastward, nears its coast. The yacht had sailed from Porto Lon-gone the
day before, and had experienced a quick and smooth passage. Her Roman
passengers were soon hailed by the inhabitants of the island, as she
approached the northern point on this delicious April morning.
The sight of the beautiful yacht was always a welcome one to these
dwellers in solitude, for she was well known to them, having previously
paid them many visits. They hastened to meet their welcome guest, and
ran down to the beach, followed slowly by the head of the family, whose
step age and other troubles had slackened, making him no longer able to
keep pace with his nimble household.
Julia, upon landing, was welcomed affectionately by all. She introduced
her Roman friends, who met a warm reception, and were conducted by their
host to his dwelling. After they had rested some little time, the
recluse asked anxiously of Julia, "Well, what news from Rome? Is the
foreigner gone yet? Do the priests let the unhappy populace, whom they
have tormented so many centuries, breathe free at last?"
"Their miseries are not yet ended," answered the lovely Englishwoman;
"and who can tell when they will cease? The foreigner is withdrawn,
it is true, but others worse than the first are enlisting, and your
Government is shamefully preparing to bribe Italian substitutes to
enable it to retain the unhappy city in the power of the priests.
Moreover I, English by birth, but Italian in heart, am ashamed of
telling you that Rome is not to be the capital of Italy. Government
renounces it, and Parliament basely sanctions the heinous act, to
satisfy the exacting and infamous demands of a Bonaparte. Oh, the
sadnesses of modern times! Italy, once the seat of glory, is to-day the
sink of all that is base. Italy, the garden of the world, has become a
dunghill!"
"Oh Julia! a people dishonored is a dead people; I--even I--almost
despair of the future of such a nation." Thus exclaimed the chieftain of
many patriotic battles, as a tear rolled down his cheek.