Trouble With the Apaches--Defeat of the Soldiers--Colonel Cook's
Expedition Against Them--It Meets With Only Partial Success--Major
Brooks' Attempt to Punish the Apaches--A Third Expedition.
Just as Carson suspected, the Apaches were insincere in their
professions of good will toward the settlers. He had scarcely reached
home, when they renewed their outrages. The sinewy horsemen, as daring
as the Crusaders who invaded the Holy Land, seemed to be everywhere.
We have already referred to those extraordinary warriors, who, for many
years have caused our Government more trouble in the southwest than all
the other tribes combined, and it is not necessary, therefore, to
say that when any branch of the Apaches went on the war path the most
frightful scenes were sure to follow.
Carson knew when to be gentle and when to be stern. If the former
measures failed, he did not hesitate to use the latter. Coercive means
were taken, but, in the first encounter between the red men and the
United States troops, the latter were decisively defeated.
As a consequence, the Apaches became more troublesome than ever. Colonel
Cook of the Second Regiment of United States Dragoons, was sent against
them. He selected Kit Carson for his guide. The Agent's wish, it may
be said, was to learn whether any other tribe was concerned in the
outrages, and in no way could he do it as well as by accompanying the
expedition, which was fully organized by the selection of a number of
Pueblo Indians to act as scouts and spies. These were placed under the
immediate command of the well known James H. Quinn, who died some time
later.
The force proceeded northward from Taos to the stream known as the
Arroya Hondo. This was followed to the Rio del Norte, which being very
high, was crossed with much difficulty. As an illustration of the rugged
work which such expeditions were called upon to undergo, Dr. Peters
says that when they struggled to the other shore, they found themselves
confronted by a mass of solid and almost perpendicular rocks, fully six
hundred feet high. This was ascended, after the most exhausting labor,
by means of a zigzag trail, and the journey was pushed over a rough
and diversified country. Grass and water could not be found until they
reached a small Mexican town where they were enabled to buy what was so
sadly needed. Men and animals were so worn out that they rested for an
entire day.
The next morning the line of march was taken up, and they had not gone
far when Carson discovered a trail. This was followed with renewed vigor
and a couple of days later the Indians were overtaken. They did not
attempt any stand against such a strong force, but took to flight at
once. The Apaches used their utmost endeavors to get away and they
were helped by the roughness of the country. They were pressed so hard,
however, that they lost most of their horses and plunder besides a
number of warriors.
Two Americans were wounded, one of whom shortly died; but the soldiers
having "located" the Indians, as may be said, did not give over their
efforts to punish them. Pursuit was resumed at earliest daylight and men
and animals did everything possible. Over mountains, through ravines,
around rocks, up and down declivities, the chase continued, until the
cunning Apaches resorted to their old tricks: they dissolved, as may
be said, into their "original elements"--that is, they began separating
until there were almost as many different trails as there were warriors.
Then in their flight, they selected the worst possible ground. Being
familiar with the country and possessing far more endurance than the
ordinary Indian, it soon became clear that the marauders were beyond
reach.
Accordingly Colonel Cook ordered the pursuit discontinued and they
headed toward the nearest Mexican village, where forage and rest could
be secured for the animals. When the place was reached, Colonel Cook
learned of a serious mistake made by the party who were transporting
the soldier wounded several days before. They discovered an Indian whom,
after some difficulty, they captured. His horse and arms were taken from
him under the supposition that he was one of the hostile Apaches. He
was not treated very gently and watching his opportunity, he made his
escape. It was afterwards learned that the warrior was a Utah, with whom
the white men were at peace.
The Utahs were of a war-like nature and Colonel Cook was apprehensive
they would use the occurrence as a pretext for joining the Apaches
in their attack upon the settlers. He therefore sent Carson to the
headquarters of his agency to do what he could to explain the matter and
make all the reparation in his power.
As soon as he arrived at Taos, Carson sent a messenger with a request
that the Utah chiefs would come and have a talk with him. They were
always glad to meet Father Kit face to face. The agent told how the
mistake was made, expressed the regret of himself and Colonel Cook and
ended by restoring the property and by distributing a few presents among
the chiefs. The business was managed with such tact that the sachems
expressed themselves perfectly satisfied and their affection and
admiration for Father Kit became greater than before.
Colonel Cook was unwilling to return without striking a more effective
blow against the Apaches. Pausing only long enough, therefore, to rest
and recruit his men and horses, he resumed the hunt. He had not gone
far, when he struck another trail which was followed with great vigor;
but before anything of the Indians could be discovered, it began
snowing. In a few minutes the flakes were eddying all around them, the
wind blowing so furiously that the men could hardly see each other, as
they bent their heads and rode slowly against it. This rendered pursuit
out of the question, because the trail was entirely hidden. Much against
his will Colonel Cook was forced to give up the pursuit.
He made his way to a small town lying on his route, where he met Major
Brooks, who was marching to his help with reinforcements. The latter
officer instead of returning with Colonel Cook, decided to take up the
hunt himself for the hostiles.
With little delay, a fresh trail was found and an energetic pursuit
began. It was plain the Indians were making for the Utah country,
and they were pursued without difficulty; but, when that section was
reached, the soldiers came upon so many trails, which crossed and
recrossed so many times that all individuality was lost. The most
skilful scouts in the company were unable to identify or follow any one
with certainty.
The situation was exasperating, but there was no help for it and the
command was compelled to turn about and make their way home, having been
in the field more than two weeks without accomplishing anything at all.
But it was known that the Apaches would speedily reorganize and the
soldiers had but to wait a short while, when an opportunity would be
presented for striking an effective blow. When a sufficient period had
elapsed, another expedition was sent out under the command of Major
Carleton, of the First Regiment of United States Dragoons. He engaged
Kit Carson to act as his guide.
The force marched northward about a hundred miles to Fort Massachusetts,
where all the arrangements were completed. The party was divided, the
spies under Captain Quinn being sent to examine the country on the west
side of the White Mountains, while the Major decided to inspect the
territory to the eastward of the range.
Captain Quinn with his skilful trailers moved up the San Luis Valley
until he reached the famous Mosco Pass, which was often used by the
Apaches when hard pressed. They were perfectly familiar with all its
diverse and peculiar windings, and, when they once dashed in among the
rocks, they felt safe against any and all pursuers.
Making their way through this pass, Captain Quinn and his scouts reached
Wet Mountain Valley, where he had promised to meet and report to his
superior officer.