KENT _street_, extends from the end of Long lane, near St. George’s
church, Southwark, to Kent road. It is observable that the principal
business of this street is making of birch brooms, in which the
masters are such great dealers, that in some of their yards several
stacks of brooms may be seen of a considerable extent, and rising as
high as the most lofty houses.
KENT’S _yard_, Angel alley.†
KETTLEBY’S _rents_, at Kennington.†
KETTLE _yard_, Redcross street.
KEW, a town in Surry, situated on the Thames, opposite to Old Brentford.
Here is a chapel of ease, erected at the expence of several of the
nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground that
was given for that purpose by the late Queen Anne. Here the late Mr.
Molineux, Secretary to his present Majesty when Prince of Wales, had a
very fine seat on the Green, the gardens of which are said to produce
the best fruit in England. This house belonged to the late Prince of
Wales. Her late Majesty Queen Caroline here purchased Lady Eyre’s
seat, for the Duke of Cumberland, and Sir Thomas Abney’s for the
Princesses Amelia and Caroline.
In the sessions of parliament in 1758, an act passed for building a
bridge cross the Thames opposite to Kew Green; and this act is now
executed, and a bridge is built of eleven arches. The two piers and
their dependent arches on each side next the shore are built of brick
and stone, the intermediate arches, which are seven in number, are
entirely wood. The center arch is fifty feet wide, and the road over
the bridge is thirty feet wide.
KEY _court_, 1. Little St. Thomas Apostles.* 2. St. John street, West
Smithfield.*
KIDDER’S _yard_, Petty France, Westminster.†
KIDNEY _stairs_, Narrow street.
KIFFORD’S _Almshouse_, at Tothill side, Westminster, was founded by Mrs.
Judith Kifford, in the year 1705, for two decayed gentlewomen, each of
whom has one room, and 5_l._ _per annum_.
KILBORN, a village in Middlesex, in the road from London to Edgworth,
and in the parish of Hampstead.
KILHAM’S _wharf_, Millbank.†
KILL _court_, St. John’s street.
KILLIGREW _court_, Scotland yard.†
KING AND QUEEN _stairs_, Rotherhith.*
KING DAVID’S _court_, Whitechapel.*
KING DAVID’S FORT, Near Bluegate fields.*
KING DAVID’S FORT _lane_, King David’s lane.*
KING DAVID’S _lane_, Upper Shadwell.*
KING EDWARD’S _row_, Coverley’s fields.*
KING EDWARD’S _stairs_, Wapping.*
KING EDWARD’S _street_, 1. Tudor street.* 2. Wapping.*
KING HENRY’S _yard_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.*
KING JAMES’S _stairs_, Wapping wall.*
KING JOHN’S _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Holiwell lane.* 3. Limehouse
Corner. 4. Mile-end Green.* 5. Stepney Green.*
KING JOHN’S _court passage_, Barnaby street.*
KING TUDOR’S _street_, Bridewell, Fleet street.
KING’S ARMS _court_, 1. Bankside.* 2. Basinghall street.* 3. King John’s
court, Holiwell street.* 4. Ludgate hill.*
KING’S ARMS _stairs_, College street.*
KING’S ARMS _walk_, Narrow walk.*
KING’S ARMS _yard_, 1. Chick lane.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. Fore street.*
4. Lothbury.* 5. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 6. Marybon
street.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.*
KING’S ARMS _inn yard_, Holborn Bridge.*
KING’S BENCH, the highest Court of Common Law in England, is so called,
because the King sometimes sat there in person on an high bench, and
the Judges, to whom the judicature belongs in his absence, on a low
bench at his feet: or because this Court determines pleas between the
Crown and the subject of treasons, felonies, and other pleas, which
properly belong to the King: and also in whatsoever relates to the
loss of life or member of any subject, in which the King is concerned,
as he is a sufferer by the loss of the life or limbs of his subjects.
Here likewise are tried breaches of peace, oppression, and
misgovernment; and this Court corrects the errors of all the Judges
and Justices of England, in their judgments and proceedings, not only
in pleas of the Crown, but in all pleas, real, personal, and mix’d;
except only pleas in the Exchequer. This Court is general, and extends
to all England; and where-ever it is held the law supposes the
Sovereign to be there in person. In this Court there commonly sit four
Judges, the first of which is stiled the Lord Chief Justice of the
King’s Bench; and sometimes the Lord Chief Justice of England; whose
salary is 4000_l._ a year, and the puisne Judges 1500_l._ a year each.
_Chamberlain’s Present State._
The Court of King’s Bench in Westminster Hall, is in the south east
corner.
KING’S BENCH _alley_, 1. Dorset street, Spitalfields. 2. St. Margaret’s
Hill.
KING’S BENCH OFFICE, In the Inner Temple, at the lower end of King’s
Bench walk, next the Thames. Here the records of that Court are kept
to secure them from fire.
KING’S BENCH PRISON, In St. George’s fields, is a place of confinement
for debtors; and for those sentenced by the Court of King’s Bench to
suffer imprisonment, for libels and other misdemeanors; but those who
can purchase the liberties have the benefit of walking through a part
of the Borough, and in St. George’s fields.
This prison is situated in a fine air; but all prospect of the fields,
even from the uppermost windows, is excluded by the height of the
walls with which it is surrounded. It has a neat chapel for the
performance of divine worship, and only one bed in each room; but
these rooms are extremely small; they are all exactly alike, and none
above nine feet in length.
KING’S BENCH _walk_, Inner Temple, from the King’s Bench office kept
there.
KING’S COLLEGE _lane_, Bristol street.
KING’S _court_, 1. Milk street, Cheapside. 2. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.
KING’S GATE _street_, High Holborn.
KING’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. Dorset street,
Spitalfields.* 3. In the Maze. 4. Whitechapel.*
KING’S HEAD _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Beech lane.* 3. In the
Borough.* 4. St. Clement’s.* 5. Cock lane, Shoreditch.* 6. Crispin
street.* 7. Drury lane.* 8. Fetter lane.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. Goswell
street.* 11. Gutter lane.* 12. Hand alley.* 13. Holborn.* 14. Huggen
lane, Thames street.* 15. King street, Cheapside.* 16. Little Carter
lane.* 17. St. Martin’s le Grand. 18. New Fish street.* 19. New Gravel
lane.* 20. Old Gravel lane.* 21. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 22.
Plumtree street.* 23. Pudding lane, Thames street.* 24. Shoe lane,
Fleet street.* 25. Shoreditch.* 26. Southampton buildings.* 27.
Stanhope street.* 28. In the Strand.* 29. Tenter Ground.* 30. Vine
street.* 31. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* 32. Wood street,
Cheapside.*
KING’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.* 2. High Holborn.* 3.
Holiwell street.* 4. King street, New Gravel lane.* 5. Leather lane,
Holborn.* 6. Moorfields.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Tooley street.* 9.
Wiltshire lane.*
KING’S LIBRARY, was founded by Henry Prince of Wales, the eldest son of
King James I. The printed books in this Library amount to about 10,200
and the manuscripts to about 1800. They were kept in Cotton house,
till that was burnt by the fire in 1731; they however suffered but
little by that fire, and were removed with the Cotton library to the
Old Dormitory at Westminster; since which both these libraries have
been placed with Sir Hans Sloane’s Museum in Montagu house. See the
articles COTTON LIBRARY, and BRITISH MUSEUM.
_Clerk of the_ KING’S SILVER, an officer of the Court of Common Pleas,
to whom every fine or final agreement upon the sale of land is
brought, after it has been with the _Custos Brevium_, who makes an
entry of what money is to be paid for the King’s use. This office,
which is executed by a deputy, is kept in the Inner Temple.
_Chamberlain’s Present State._
KING’S LANGLEY, near Abbots Langley in Hertfordshire, received its name
from a royal palace built here by King Henry III. the ruins of which
are still to be seen. King Richard II. with his Queen, and many of the
nobility kept a Christmas here, and in its monastery he was buried,
though afterwards removed to Westminster by King Henry V. Here was
also born and buried, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, the son of
Edward III. and many others of that family.
KING’S _rents_, 1. Shad Thames.* 2. Whitecross street.*
KING’S OLD and NEW ROADS to Kensington, Hyde Park.
KING’S _road_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Gray’s Inn lane.
KING’S _row_, Shad Thames.†
KING’S _square_. See SOHO _square_.
KING’S SQUARE _court_, Dean street, Soho.
KING’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.†
KING _street_. Many of these streets first received their present name,
after the restoration, in honour of King Charles II. or of monarchy in
general. 1. Bartholomew hospital. 2. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 3.
Opposite to Queen street, and leading from Cheapside to Guildhall; so
called by the act of parliament, by which it was first ordered to be
built after the fire of London. 4. Covent Garden. 5. Duke’s Place. 6.
Foul lane, in the Borough. 7. Golden Square. 8. Near Grosvenor square.
9. High Holborn. 10. Hoxton square. 11. St. James’s square. 12. Little
Tower hill. 13. Lowman’s street. 14. In the Mint. 15. Near Monmouth
street. 16. New Gravel lane. 17. Old Greek street, Soho. 18. Old
street square. 19. Oxford street. 20. Piccadilly. 21. Prince’s square.
22. Prince’s street, Soho. 23. Ratcliff Highway. 24. Rosemary lane.
25. Rotherhith wall. 26. Tooley street. 27. Upper Moorfields. 28.
Westminster. 29. Wood’s Close, Compton street.
KING’S _street passage_, Little Tower hill.
KING’S _way_, Gray’s Inn lane.
KING’S WEIGH HOUSE. See WEIGH HOUSE.
KING’S _yard_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Leather lane, Holborn. 3.
Whitecross street, Cripplegate.
KINGSBURY, at the west end of St. Alban’s in Hertfordshire, is thus
named from the Saxon Kings frequently keeping their court there, till
it was purchased by the monks of the neighbouring abbey.
KINGSLAND, a hamlet of the parish of Islington, lying between Hoxton and
Clapton. Here was anciently an hospital for lepers, which is now
appropriated to the cure of the venereal disease, and is an appendage
to St. Bartholomew’s and St. Thomas’s hospitals. The edifice is a
plain modern brick building, without ornamental decorations; it is
large and proper for the use to which it is applied, and on the end of
it is a dial, which has the following suitable motto, POST VOLUPTATEM
MISERICORDIA; that is, _After pleasure comes pain_. This structure
joins a little old chapel; but it is wisely contrived that the
patients, who are obliged to attend divine service, can neither see
nor be seen by the rest of the audience.
This hospital is called _The Lock_.
KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a Town in Surry, received its name from its having
been the residence of several of our Saxon Kings, some of whom were
crowned on a stage in the market place. It is a populous and
well-built place, and in the reigns of Edward the Second and Third
sent members to parliament. Here is a spacious church with eight
bells, in which are the pictures of the Saxon Kings who were crowned
here, and also that of King John, who gave the inhabitants of this
town their first charter. Here is also a wooden bridge of twenty
arches over the Thames; a free school erected and endowed by Queen
Elizabeth; an almshouse built in 1670 by Aldermen Clive, for six men,
and as many women, and endowed with land to the value of 80_l._ a
year; and a charity school for thirty boys, who are all cloathed. The
summer assizes for this county are generally held here, and there is a
gallery on the top of a hill that overlooks the town. A house called
Hircomb’s Place, in this town, was the seat of the famous Earl of
Warwick, stiled The setter up and puller down of Kings. Besides the
above bridge, there is another of brick over a stream, that flows from
a spring which rises four miles above the town, and within the
distance of a bow shot from its source, forms a brook that drives two
mills. Here is a good market for corn, and the town carries on a
considerable trade.
KINHAVEY’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
KINNERSLEY’S _yard_, Ratcliff highway.†
KIRBY’S _court_, 1. Foul lane, in the Borough.† 2. Chick lane, West
Smithfield.†
KIRBY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.†
KIRBY’S _yard_, Curtain row, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†
KIRK’S _yard_, East Smithfield.†
KITTER’S _yard_, White Hart lane.†
KNAVE OF CLUBS _yard_, Old street.*
KNAVES _Acre_, Wardour street.‖
KNIGHTSBRIDGE, the first village from London in the great western road,
is situated in the parishes of St. George’s Hanover square, and St.
Margaret’s Westminster, but has a chapel independent of those
parishes. Near the entrance of this village in the way from London, is
the infirmary for the sick and wounded called St. George’s hospital.
See _St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL.
KNIGHT’S _court_, 1. Back side St. Clement’s.† 2. Green walk.†
KNITNEEDLE _street_, Bloomsbury.
KNOCKFERGUS, Near Rosemary lane.
KNOLLEY’S _yard_, Hog lane.†
KNOWLES’S _court_, Little Carter lane.†
KNOWL HOUSE, near Sevenoak in Kent, is the seat of the Duke of Dorset.
It is situated in the middle of a park, and is a handsome large stone
fabric. There are some excellent pictures in the apartments.
KORBY’S _yard_, Hand alley, Petticoat lane.†
KREETCH’S _wharf_, Millbank.†
[Illustration]
L.
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _court_, Old Fish street hill.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _hill_, Thames street.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _street_, Lower Shadwell.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _yard_, Thames street.*
LAD _court_, Moses alley, Willow street.
LAD _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.
LADDLE _court_, Cut Throat lane, Upper Shadwell.
LAD’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane.†
LADY _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. King street, Westminster.
LADY ALLEY _Almshouse_, in King street, Westminster, consists of four
rooms for as many poor women, and is said to have been founded by a
King or Queen of England, with an allowance out of the Exchequer of
1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each. _Maitland._
LAMB _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Blackman street, by St.
George’s church, Southwark.* 3. Goodman’s fields. 4. Monkwell street.†
5. In the Old Change.* 6. Saffron hill.* 7. Sherbourn lane, Lombard
street.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. St. Giles’s Broadway.†
LAMB _court_, 1. Abchurch lane. 2. Clerkenwell. 3. Lamb alley,
Southwark.
LAMB’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.†
LAMB’S CHAPEL, situated in a court to which it gives its name, at the
north west corner of London wall, was founded in the reign of Edward
I. and dedicated to St. James, when it was distinguished from other
places of religious worship of the same name by the denomination of
_St. James’s Chapel_, or _Hermitage on the wall_; from its being
erected on or near the city wall in Monkwell street. At the
dissolution of religious houses, King Henry VIII. granted this chapel
to William Lamb, a rich clothworker, who bequeathed it, with other
appurtenances, to the company of which he was a member, and from him
it received its present name.
In this chapel the clothworkers company have four sermons preached to
them upon four principal festivals in the year, viz. upon the feast of
the annunciation of the blessed Virgin, March 25; on the feast of St.
John Baptist, June 24; on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel,
Sept. 29; and on that of St. Thomas the Apostle, Dec. 21; upon which
days the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the company, in conformity to
the above Mr. Lamb’s will, go in their gowns to the chapel and hear a
sermon; after which they relieve twelve poor men and as many women, by
giving one shilling to each; and every Michaelmas they give to each a
frize gown, a lockram shift, and a good pair of winter shoes.
LAMB’S CHAPEL _court_, Monkwell street.
LAMB’S CONDUIT, was according to Stow formed by the above-mentioned Mr.
William Lamb, who having drawn together several springs of water to
one head, at a place which is now the end of Red Lion street, in
Holborn, erected a conduit there, and conveyed part of the water
through leaden pipes the space of two thousand yards to Snow hill,
where having rebuilt a ruinous conduit, which had been long disused,
he laid the water into it. The whole expense of this work, which was
finished March 26, 1577, amounted to 1500_l._ These conduits were
built with stone, with a lamb on the top: the former of these little
edifices gave its name to the adjacent fields, on which the Foundling
hospital is built; but obstructing the view of that truly noble
structure, it was taken down some years ago, and the water being
conveyed to the side of the street, a descent is made to the spring
head by a flight of stone steps. That on Snow hill has also been taken
down, and a pump adorned with lamps placed in its room; the advantage
the city receives from the New River water, rendering these
structures, which were formerly of great advantage, entirely useless.
LAMB’S CONDUIT _Mews_, Millman street, Holborn.
LAMB’S CONDUIT _passage_, Red Lion street.†
LAMB’S _court_, Red Lion court.†
LAMB _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields.† 2. Turnmill street.†
LAMB’S _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate without.† 2. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.
LAMBERT _hill_, generally called Lambeth hill, Thames street; was so
called from Lambert the owner thereof. _Maitland._
LAMBERT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†
LAMBERT’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.†
[Illustration:
_Lambeth Palace._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._
]
LAMBETH, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, between Southwark
and Battersea, and near the south end of London bridge; is
particularly famous for its containing, for several ages, the palace
of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This structure was originally formed
by Baldwin, Archbishop of that see, in the year 1188; who first
intended to have raised a superb structure at Hackington, near this
place; but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the
Pope’s mandate against it; when, taking down what he had erected, he
removed the bell of the materials to Lambeth, with which he built the
palace, a college and church, having before purchased the ground of
the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by a fair exchange.
In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, having, by his
arrogance, rendered himself hateful to the citizens of London,
retired, for the security of his person, to this palace; and finding
it in a ruinous condition, within the space of three years rebuilt the
whole north side, the archi-episcopal apartments, the library and
cloisters, the guard-chamber, the chapel, and Lollards tower.
From that time this palace became the residence of the greatest
persons of the church, and was soon enlarged by many additional
buildings: Cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that time, is a
noble structure. The Lollards tower, which is thus named from a room
in it prepared for the imprisonment of the followers of Wickliff, the
first British reformer, who were called Lollards, was finished by
Chichely, and remains a lasting memorial of his cruelty, and
antichristian spirit. It is a small room, twelve feet broad and nine
long, planked with elm, and there still remain eight rings and
staples, to which Christians were chained, for presuming to differ in
opinion from that prelate. The spacious hall was erected by Juxton,
and the brick edifice between the gate and this hall was begun by
Archbishop Sancroft, and finished by the immortal Tillotson.
From the present structure being thus erected at different periods, it
is not at all surprizing that it has but little appearance of
uniformity; but the edifice, tho’ old, is in most parts strong; the
corners are faced with rustic, and the top surrounded with
battlements; but the principal apartments are well proportioned, and
well enlightened: the Gothic work about it is irregularly disposed,
and it is in itself irregular. Some of the inner rooms are too close
and confined; but there are many others open and pleasant in
themselves, with the advantage of being convenient, and of affording
very agreeable prospects. For as this palace is situated on the bank
of the Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and, from
the higher apartments, a prospect of the country each way.
The palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of
Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a very pretty
picturesque appearance, and this is the view which is here given.
In this palace is a very fine library, founded in the year 1610, by
Archbishop Sancroft, who left by will all his books, for the use of
his successors in the archi-episcopal see of Canterbury. This library
has been greatly increased by the benefactions of the Archbishops
Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennyson, and consists of 617 volumes in
manuscript, and above 14,500 printed books.
The church, which stands by the palace, is a very antique structure,
dedicated to St. Mary. It has a square tower, and both that and the
body of the church are crowned with battlements. In this parish are
eight precincts, denominated the Archbishop’s, the Prince’s, Vauxhall,
Kennington, the Marsh, the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean’s precinct.
It is remarkable, that at Lambeth Wall is a spot of ground, containing
an acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar’s acre, which has belonged to
the parish from time immemorial, and is said to have been given by a
pedlar, upon condition that his picture, with that of his dog, be
perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the
church; which the parishioners carefully performed in the south east
window of the middle isle. _Maitland._
LAMBETH BUTTS, Lambeth.
LAMBETH MARSH, between Lambeth and Spring Gardens.
LAMBETH _road_, Newington Butts.
LAMBETH _School_, was founded by Richard Laurence, citizen and merchant
of London, in the year 1661, for educating twenty poor children of the
Marsh and Wall liberties of this parish, for which purpose he endowed
it with 35_l._ _per annum_.
LAMBETH _stairs_, Lambeth.
LANCASTER _college_, in the parish of St. Gregory near St. Paul’s, was a
hall founded by King Henry IV. and the executors of John of Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster; containing lodgings and a common hall for charity
priests to officiate in a chapel, on the north side of the choir of
St. Paul’s cathedral; but it was suppressed, and granted to one Mr.
William Gunter, in the second year of Edward VI. _Maitland._
_Duchy of_ LANCASTER COURT, held at Gray’s Inn. This court owes its
origin to King Henry IV. after his having deposed Richard II. when,
possessing the duchy of Lancaster in right of his mother, he imagined
his claim to it better than that to the throne, and therefore
separated it from the Crown, and erected this court for its use. Here
all matters of law and equity, belonging to the duchy or county
palatine of Lancaster, are tried and determined by the Chancellor, who
is the chief judge, and is assisted by his attorney general, and other
officers. _Maitland._
_Duchy of_ LANCASTER LIBERTY, begins on the outside of Temple Bar, and
extending along the south side of the Strand to the east side of Cecil
street, reaches down it to the Thames, and thence to Essex Buildings,
taking in all the houses to Temple Bar. On the north side it extends
from Temple Bar to where the Maypole stood, and extending down
Holiwell street, commonly called the back of St. Clement’s, passes by
Butcher row, taking in all that range of buildings. Beyond the place
of the Maypole, this liberty begins again by the Fountain tavern in
Catharine street, and reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as
Exeter exchange; then turning up Burleigh street, it runs up within
four houses of the corner of Essex street, and, crossing it, proceeds
into Catharine street, by the Fountain tavern. _Stow, last edit._
LANCASTER _court_, 1. New Bond street. 2. In the Strand.
LANCASTER _yard_, Holiwell street.
LAND OF PROMISE _lane_, Hoxton.
LANDRESS _alley_, Five feet lane.
LANE’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broadway.†
LANE’S _court_, Cold Bath square, by Cold Bath fields.†