tavern, Cheapside.* 3. Green Bank, Wapping.* 4. Grub street, Fore
street.* 5. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 6. Little Bartholomew
close, leading to the Halfmoon tavern. 7. Little Moorfields.* 8.
Saltpetre Bank.* 9. Seven Stars alley, Golden lane.* 10. Whitechapel.*
11. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
HALFMOON _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Hermitage,
Wapping.* 4. Long alley, Moorfields.* 5. Ludgate hill.* 6. Portpool
lane.* 7. Saltpetre Bank.* 8. Wiltshire lane.* 9. East Smithfield.*
HALFMOON AND SEVEN STARS _court_, Old street.*
HALFMOON _passage_, Foster lane, Cheapside.*
HALFMOON _street_, 1. Hyde Park road.* 2. In the Strand.* 3. West
street, Soho.*
HALF NICOL _street_, New Turnmill street, Shoreditch fields.
HALF-PAVED _court_, Dorset street, Fleet str.
HALFPENNY _alley_. 1. Jacob street. 2. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 3.
Halfway house lane, Stepney fields.
HALLAM _street_, Gray’s Inn lane. †
HALL’S _court_, 1. Compton street.† 2. Deadman’s place.†
HALL’S _rents_, Helmet court, St. Catharine’s.†
HALL’S _stairs_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.†
HALLMOTE, a court so denominated from the place in which it is kept,
belongs to the several companies of citizens, by whom it is
occasionally held in their respective halls, wherein the affairs of
each of the companies are respectively transacted.
HALSEY’S _court_, Blackman street.†
HALSTED, a village in Essex, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is
the seat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halsted Place.
HAM (EAST) a village in Essex, south east of Plaistow, and six miles
from London.
HAM (WEST) a village in Essex, between Stratford and Little Ilford.
HAMBURGH MERCHANTS, a company incorporated by Edward I. in the year
1269, by the name of _Merchant Adventurers_. This being the first
company of merchants incorporated in this kingdom, they soon obtained
ample privileges of John Duke of Brabant, for establishing a factory
at Antwerp.
As these merchants proved of great advantage to the nation, their
privileges were confirmed and enlarged by several succeeding Princes,
particularly by Queen Elizabeth, who impowered the members of this
company to extend their commerce to all parts of Germany. This was no
sooner known, than very great privileges were offered them by the
merchants of Hamburgh, as an encouragement to settle in their city,
which being accepted, the factory repaired thither, where they still
continue, and are at present known by the appellation of the _Hamburgh
Company_, the ancient name being now never used but in deeds, and
other writings.
This society, since the diminishing of their privileges, and laying
open their trade in the reign of King William III. is greatly reduced.
_Strype’s edit. of Stow._
[Illustration:
_Cascade at Ham Farm._
_S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._
]
HAM FARM, is the seat of the Earl of Portmore at Weybridge in Surry. It
is situated between the Earl of Lincoln’s and the late Mr.
Southcote’s. The house is a large handsome structure built regularly
of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about
it consist of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleasure,
besides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water,
there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which comes with a fine
bending course by the side of the terrace, and the Wye, which runs
direct]y through the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace.
There is a swing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned aside at
pleasure to let boats and other vessels pass. The Wye is navigable up
to Guildford and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs
from Windsor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcote’s grounds
hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful; and though it lies
upon a flat, there are some good views from it, and from other parts
of the gardens. This place was first beautified by the Countess of
Dorchester, in the reign of James II.
HAM HOUSE. See PETERSHAM.
HAMILTON _street_, Hyde Park road.†
HAMILTON’S _yard_, Upper Shadwell.†
HAMMER AND CROWN _court_, Broad street, Ratcliff.*
HAMMER _court_, In the Minories.*
HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlesex, four miles west from London. There
are a number of pretty seats about it, especially towards the Thames,
among which the most remarkable is Mr. Doddington’s. It has a church,
a Presbyterian meeting house, two charity schools, a work house, and a
kind of nunnery.
HAMMOND’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse yard, Snow hill, consists of six
neat rooms, and was founded by Edmund Hammond, Esq; in the year 1651,
for as many poor batchelors or widowers, with an allowance 10_l._ a
year each: but the estate appropriated for its support being reduced
by the fire of London, the Haberdashers company, to which the care of
this charitable foundation was intrusted, at present only pay the
pensioners the annual sum of 7_l._ 10_s._ each.
HAMMOND’S _court_, Haymarket.†
HAMMOND’S _key_, Thames street.†
HAMMOND’S _lane_, Thames street.†
HAMPSHIRE _court_, Whitechapel.
HAMPSHIRE HOG _yard_, Broad St. Giles’s.*
HAMPSHIRE _yard_, Whitechapel.
HAMPSTEAD, a pleasant village in Middlesex, situated near the top of a
hill about four miles on the north west side of London. On the summit
of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen’s
houses, and extends about a mile every way, affording a most extensive
and delightful prospect over the city as far as Shooter’s Hill, and
into the counties all around it. This village used to be formerly
resorted to for its mineral waters; and there is here a fine assembly
room for dancing. Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging
to the Lord of the manor, has been lately pulled down, and a new one
is just erected in its room. There is besides a handsome chapel near
the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are
chiefly citizens and merchants of London; and also a meeting house.
HAMPSTEAD WATER OFFICE, in Denmark street, St. Giles’s. To this office
belong two main pipes of a seven inch bore, which bring water from the
ponds at Highgate and Hampstead to supply that neighbourhood.
HAMPSTEAD _yard_, Gray’s Inn lane.
HAM’S _corner_, Old street.†
HAM’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway.†
HAM’S _yard_, 1. Brook street.† 2. Great Windmill street.†
[Illustration:
_Hampton Court from the Garden._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc Oxon._
]
HAMPTON COURT, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the river
Thames, about two miles from Kingston, and at a small distance from a
village called Hampton. This palace was magnificently built with brick
by Cardinal Wolsey, who here set up two hundred and eighty silk beds
for strangers only, and richly stored it with gold and silver plate;
but it raised so much envy against him, that to screen himself from
its effects, he gave it to King Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered
him to live in his palace of Richmond. King Henry greatly enlarged it,
and it had then five spacious courts adorned with buildings, which in
that age were so greatly admired by all foreigners as well as the
natives, that the learned Grotius says of this place:
Si quis opes nescit (sed quis tamen ille?) Britannus,
Hampton Curia, tuos consultat ille Lares;
Contulerit toto cum sparsa palatia mundo,
Dicet, Ibi Reges, hic habitare Deos.
That is,
_If e’er a Briton what is wealth don’t know; let him repair to Hampton
Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, when he will say,
Those are the residence of Kings, but this of the Gods._
In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we shall give a
description of the ornaments of this palace, as they appeared in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who describes what he himself
saw.
“The chief area, says he, is paved with square stone; in its
center is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt
crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice, supported
by columns of black and white marble. The chapel of this
palace is most splendid, in which the Queen’s closet is quite
transparent, having its windows of crystal. We were led into
two chambers called the presence, or chambers of audience,
which shone with tapestry of gold and silver, and silk of
different colours: under the canopy of state are these words
embroidered in pearl, VIVAT HENRICUS OCTAVUS. Here is besides
a small chapel richly hung with tapestry, where the Queen
performs her devotions. In her bedchamber the bed was covered
with very costly coverlids of silk. At no great distance from
this room we were shewn a bed, the teaster of which was worked
by Anne Boleyn, and presented by her to her husband Henry
VIII. All the other rooms being very numerous, are adorned
with tapestry of gold, silver, and velvet, in some of which
were woven history pieces, in others Turkish and American
dresses, all extremely natural.
“In the hall are these curiosities: a very clear looking
glass, ornamented with columns and little images of alabaster;
a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth; the true
portrait of Lucretia; a picture of the battle of Pavia; the
history of Christ’s passion, carved in mother of pearl; the
portrait of Mary Queen of Scots; the picture of Ferdinand
Prince of Spain, and of Philip his son; that of Henry VIII.
under which was placed the Bible curiously written upon
parchment; an artificial sphere; several musical instruments:
in the tapestry are represented negroes riding upon elephants;
the bed in which Edward VI. is said to have been born, and
where his mother Jane Seymour died in childbed. In one chamber
were several excessively rich tapestries, which are hung up
when the Queen gives audience to foreign ambassadors; there
were numbers of cushions ornamented with gold and silver; many
counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. In
short, all the walls of the palace shine with gold and silver.
Here is besides a certain cabinet called Paradise, where
besides that every thing glitters so with silver, gold, and
jewels, as to dazzle one’s eyes, there is a musical instrument
made all of glass, except the strings. Afterwards we were led
into the gardens, which are most pleasant.”
_Hentzner’s Journey into England._
This palace, which was afterwards the prison of King Charles I. is,
with the parks, encompassed in a semicircle by the Thames. King
William and Queen Mary were so greatly pleased with its situation,
which rendered it capable of great improvements, and of being made one
of the noblest palaces in Europe, that while the former was causing
the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more
beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majesty impatient to
enjoy so agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building near the river,
called the Water Gallery, and suiting it to her convenience, adorned
it with the utmost elegance, though its situation would not allow it
to stand after the principal building was completed.
Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which stood before the
fine stone front that faces the river, the ground to the south west
received considerable improvements. This spot is laid out in small
inclosures, surrounded with tall hedges, in order to break the
violence of the winds, and render them proper for the reception of
such exotic plants as were moved thither in summer out of the
conservatories. Here are two basons constantly supplied with water,
for the support of these plants in dry weather; and as these are
situated near the great apartments, most of the plants may be viewed
from the window.
At a small distance to the west, stood a large hot house, for
preserving such tender exotic plants as require a greater share of
warmth than is generally felt in this climate. Of this part of
gardening Queen Mary was so fond, that she allowed a handsome salary
to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanist, for overlooking and
registering the curious collection of plants she caused to be brought
into the garden; but since her Majesty’s death they have been much
neglected, and very few of the most curious plants are now to be found
there.
The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace now stands,
are about three miles in circumference. On a pediment at the front of
the palace on this side, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules
over Envy; and facing it a large oval bason, answering to the form of
this part of the garden, which is a large oval divided into gravel
walks and parterres, laid out in an elegant manner, by those two
eminent gardeners, London and Wise.
At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble vases, of
exquisite workmanship, one said to be performed by Mr. Cibber, the
father of the poet laureat, and the other by a foreigner; these pieces
are reported to be done as a trial of skill; but it is difficult to
determine which is the finest performance. They are beautifully
adorned with bas-relief; that on the right hand, representing the
triumphs of Bacchus, and the other on the left, Amphitrite and the
Nereides. At the bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs
into the park, are two other large vases, the bas-relief on one
representing the judgment of Paris; and that of the other, Meleager
hunting the wild boar.
In four of the parterres are four fine brass statues. The first is a
gladiator, which formerly stood in the parade of St. James’s Park, at
the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in the reign of Queen
Anne. The original was performed by Agasias Desitheus of Ephesus, and
is in the Borghesian palace at Rome. The second is a young Apollo; the
third a Diana; and the fourth, Saturn going to devour one of his
children: all after fine originals.
On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk
ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the river Thames; in
this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand terrace walks.
On the north side of the palace is a tennis court; and beyond that a
gate which leads into the wilderness: farther on is the great gate of
the gardens, on the sides of which are large stone piers, with the
lion and unicorn couchant, in stone.
We shall now, leaving the gardens, take a view of the palace, and
several apartments, with their noble furniture and fine paintings,
performed by the most eminent masters.
To begin with the first entrance into the palace, at the gates of
which are four large brick piers, adorned with the lion and unicorn,
each of them holding a shield, whereon are the arms of Great Britain,
with several trophies of war well carved on stone.
Passing through a long court yard, on each side of which are stabling
for the officers of his Majesty’s houshold, we come next to the first
portal, which is strongly built of brick, and decorated by Wolfey with
the heads of four of the Cæsars, Trajan and Adrian on one side, and on
the other Tiberius and Vitellius.
Thro’ this portal we pass into a large quadrangle, remarkable for
nothing extraordinary, but its spaciousness and uniformity. This leads
to a second quadrangle, where over the portal is a beautiful
astronomical clock, made by the celebrated Tompion, on which are
curiously represented the twelve signs of the zodiac, with the rising
and setting of the sun, the various phases of the moon, and other
ornaments, and indications of time.
On the left hand of this quadrangle is the great old hall, in which,
by her late Majesty’s command, was erected a theatre, wherein it was
intended that two plays should have been acted every week, during the
time of the court’s continuance there; but Mr. Colley Cibber observes,
that only seven plays were performed in it, by the players from Drury
lane, the summer when it was raised, and one afterwards for the
entertainment of the Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Germany.
In the front is a portal of brick decorated with four Cæsars heads
without names.
On the opposite side of this quadrangle is a stone colonade of
fourteen columns, and two pilasters of the Ionic order, with an
entablature and balustrade at the top, adorned in the middle with two
large vases.
This leads to the great stair case, adorned with iron balusters
curiously wrought and gilt, the whole erected on porphyry. From the
ceiling hangs by a strong brass chain gilt, a large glass lanthorn
which holds sixteen candles, and has an imperial crown at the top.
This staircase, with the ceiling, were painted by Signor Verrio, an
Italian, by order of King William III.
At the top, on the left side, are Apollo and the nine Muses, at whose
feet sits the God Pan with his unequal reeds, and a little below them
the Goddess Ceres, holding in one hand a wheat sheaf, and with the
other pointing to loaves of bread; at her feet is Flora, surrounded by
her attendants, and holding in her right hand a chaplet of flowers;
near her are the two river Gods Thame and Isis with their urns; and a
large table in the middle, upon which is a quantity of rich plate,
decorated with flowers.
On the ceiling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ganymede riding on Jupiter’s
eagle, and offering the cup. Juno’s peacock is in the front: one of
the Parcæ, with her scissors in her hand, seems to wait for Jove’s
orders to cut the thread of life. These figures are covered with a
fine canopy surrounded with the signs of the zodiac, and by several
zephyrs, with flowers in their hands; and on one side of them is Fame
with her two trumpets.
Beneath is a beautiful figure of Venus riding on a swan, Mars
addressing himself to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on another
swan.
On the right hand are Pluto and Proserpine, Cœlus and Terra, Cybele
crowned with a tower, and others. Neptune and Amphitrite are in the
front, and two attendants are serving them with nectar and fruit.
Bacchus is leaning on a rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his
attendants, places his left hand on the head of Silenus, who sits on
an ass that is fallen down, he seeming to catch at a table, to which
Diana above is pointing. The table is supported by eagles; on one side
of it sits Romulus, the founder of Rome, with a wolf; and on the other
side of it is Hercules leaning on his club. Peace in her right hand
holds a laurel, and in her left a palm over the head of Æneas, who
seems inviting the twelve Cæsars, among whom is Spurina the
soothsayer, to a celestial banquet. Over their heads hovers the genius
of Rome with a flaming sword, the emblem of destruction, and a bridle,
the emblem of government, both in her right hand.
The next is the Emperor Julian writing at a table, while Mercury
dictates to him.
Over the door at the head of the stairs is a funeral pile, done in
stone colour; and under the above paintings are thirty-six panels,
representing trophies of war, and other decorations in the same
colour.
From the stair case we pass into the guard chamber, which is very
large and spacious, it being upwards of sixty feet long, and forty
feet wide. This room contains arms for 5000 men, curiously placed in
various forms. There are here pilasters of pikes and bayonet on each
side sixteen panels that go round the room; with variety of other
ornaments, as muskets in chequer work, stars made of bayonets, swords,
&c.
The next is the King’s first presence chamber, which is hung with rich
old tapestry. The ceiling is vaulted, and from the center hangs a fine
lustre of nineteen branches. Fronting the door are the canopy and
chair of state, which, as well as the stools, are of crimson damask;
on the back part of the canopy are the King’s arms, and round the
vallance, a crown and cypher embroidered in gold.
On the left hand of the entrance, behind the door is a fine picture
about eighteen feet by fifteen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. King William
III. is in armour on a stately grey horse, trampling on trophies of
war, by which lies a flaming torch. At the top in the clouds Mercury
and Peace support his helmet, decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds
a scroll. On the bottom part of the picture appear Neptune and his
attendants by the side of a rock, welcoming the hero on shore; and at
a distance is seen a fleet of ships, their sails swelled with the east
wind. In the front ground Plenty with her cornucopia offers him an
olive branch, and Flora presents flowers.
Over the chimney is a whole length of the Marquis of Hamilton, Lord
Steward of the houshold to King Charles I. by Van Somer; and over the
doors are two pieces of architecture, finely executed by Rosso.
The next room, which is called the second presence chamber, is
spacious, and has a vaulted ceiling, from the centre of which hangs a
gilt chandelier of twelve branches. The tapestry is ancient but very
rich, the lights being all gold, and the shadows silk; the subjects
are, Hercules and the Hydra, and Midas with his ass’s ears. The chair
of state and stools are of crimson damask fringed with the same
colour. Over the chimney is a whole length of Christiern IV. King of
Denmark, by Van Somer. This picture, as most of the large ones are, is
decorated round the frame on the outside with festoons of fruit and
flowers, finely carved in high-relief. Over the three doors are pieces
of ruins and landscapes, by Rosso. In this room are also two fine
marble tables, with two pier glasses, and two pair of gilt stands.
The fourth room is very lofty; in the middle hangs a beautiful chased
silver chandelier of sixteen branches. Here is a fine canopy of state,
with the window curtains, chair and stools, of rich crimson damask
laced and fringed with gold. The tapestry, which represents part of
the story of Abraham, is fine; over the chimney is a whole length
picture of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, the daughter of King James I.
and over each of the two doors is a Madona, by Domenico Fetti.
In the fifth room is also a chair of state, and stools; the window
curtains are tissue with a silver ground; there are silver sconces
fastened to the tapestry, which is richly woven with gold, but is very
ancient; the subject is Abraham sending his servants to get a wife for
Isaac. Over the chimney piece is an admirable whole length picture of
King Charles I. by Van Dyck; and over the doors are two capital
pictures, the first is David with Goliath’s head, by Fetti; the other
the holy family, by Correggio.
In the King’s state bed chamber is a crimson velvet bed, laced with
gold, having plumes of white feathers on the top. This room, which is
very spacious, is hung round with tapestry representing the history of
Joshua, about which are eight silver sconces chased with the Judgment
of Solomon. The ceiling, which was painted by Verrio, represents
Endymion lying with his head in the lap of Morpheus, and Diana
admiring him as he sleeps. On another part of the ceiling is a fine
figure of Somnus, or Sleep, with his attendants, and in the border are
four landscapes, and four boys with baskets of flowers intermixed with
poppies. Over the doors are two flower pieces, finely painted by
Baptist; and over the chimney is a whole length of the Dutchess of
York, by Van Somer.
In the King’s private bed chamber, the bed is of crimson damask, and
the room hung with fine tapestry, the subject of which is Solbay
fight.
The King’s dressing room, which is about twelve feet long, and six
feet wide, has the ceiling painted by Verrio. Mars is sleeping in
Venus’s lap, while several Cupids steal away his armour, sword and
spear, and others are binding his legs and arms with fetters of roses.
The borders are decorated with jessamin, orange trees in pots, and
several sorts of birds. Over the doors are fine flower pieces, by
Baptist. The room is hung with straw-coloured India damask, and the
chair, stools and screen, are covered with the same.
The King’s writing closet is of a triangular form, and has two
windows. The hangings and stools are of a pea-green India damask. A
glass is here so placed, as to shew all the rooms on that side of the
building in one view. Over each door is a flower piece by Baptist, and
over the chimney a fine picture of a great variety of birds, by
Bougdane. There is here a fine collection of china.