Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry
summers; desert in south
Terrain: mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south
merges into the Sahara
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m
highest point: Jabal ash Shanabi 1,544 m
Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt,
arable land
Land use:
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 13%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 4%
other: 44% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 3,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: toxic and hazardous waste disposal is
ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw
sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Geography - note: strategic location in central Mediterranean
@Tunisia:People
Population: 9,593,402 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 30% (male 1,469,048; female 1,375,782)
15-64 years: 64% (male 3,080,631; female 3,089,244)
65 years and over: 6% (male 290,388; female 288,309) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.17% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 17.38 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 4.98 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 30.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 73.69 years
male: 72.14 years
female: 75.36 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.04 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Tunisian(s)
adjective: Tunisian
Ethnic groups: Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Religions: Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Languages: Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 66.7%
male: 78.6%
female: 54.6% (1995 est.)
@Tunisia:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Tunisia
conventional short form: Tunisia
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah
local short form: Tunis
Data code: TS
Government type: republic
Capital: Tunis
Administrative divisions: 23 governorates; Al Kaf, Al Mahdiyah, Al
Munastir, Al Qasrayn, Al Qayrawan, Aryanah, Bajah, Banzart, Bin 'Arus,
Jundubah, Madanin, Nabul, Qabis, Qafsah, Qibili, Safaqis, Sidi Bu
Zayd, Silyanah, Susah, Tatawin, Tawzar, Tunis, Zaghwan
Independence: 20 March 1956 (from France)
National holiday: National Day, 20 March (1956)
Constitution: 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint
session
Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November
1987)
head of government: Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI (since NA November
1999)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime
minister appointed by the president
election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a
third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN
ALI nearly 100%
Legislative branch: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab
(163 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held NA October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA;
note - the government changed the electoral code to guarantee that the
opposition won seats
Judicial branch: Court of Cassation (Cour de Cassation)
Political parties and leaders: Constitutional Democratic Rally Party
or RCD ; Movement of
Democratic Socialists or MDS ; five other political parties
are legal, including the Communist Party
Political pressure groups and leaders: the Islamic fundamentalist
party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
International organization participation: ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD,
AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAS
(observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UN Security Council
(temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Noureddine MEJDOUB
chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: (202) 862-1850
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Robin L. RAPHEL
embassy: 144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: (1) 782-566
FAX: (1) 789-719
Flag description: red with a white disk in the center bearing a red
crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and
star are traditional symbols of Islam
@Tunisia:Economy
Economy - overview: Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important
agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors.
Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has
gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization,
simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt.
Real growth averaged 5.0% in the 1990s, and inflation is slowing.
Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this
steady growth. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union
entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the
EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated. Under the agreement
Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the
next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the
investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in
government efficiency are among the challenges for the future.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $52.6 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 6% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $5,500 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 12%
industry: 28%
services: 60% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: 14.1% (1990 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 30.7% (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 3 million (1997 est.)
note: shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation: services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture
22% (1995 est.)
Unemployment rate: 16.5% (1999 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $5.1 billion
expenditures: $5.8 billion, including capital expenditures to $1.6
billion (1999 est.)
Industries: petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore),
tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages
Industrial production growth rate: 8% (1998 est.)
Electricity - production: 7.94 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 99.5%
hydro: 0.5%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 7.549 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 165 million kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: olives, grain, dairy products, tomatoes,
citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Exports: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and
chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners: France 27%, Italy 22%, Germany 15%, Belgium 6%,
Libya 4% (1998)
Imports: $8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons,
chemicals, fuel, food
Imports - partners: France 27%, Italy 20%, Germany 12%, Spain 4%,
Belgium 4%, US 4% (1998)
Debt - external: $12.1 billion (1999 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $933.2 million (1995); note - ODA, $90
million (1998 est.)
Currency: 1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes
Exchange rates: Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 1.2455 (January 2000),
1.2546 (December 1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997), 0.9734 (1996),
0.9458 (1995)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Tunisia:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 628,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 50,000 (1998)
Telephone system: above the African average and continuing to be
upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet
access available
domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable,
and microwave radio relay
international: 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave
radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two
international gateway digital switches
Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios: 2.06 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 19 (plus some low power stations)
(1997)
Televisions: 920,000 (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 4 (1999)
@Tunisia:Transportation
Railways:
total: 2,168 km
standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,687 km 1.000-m gauge
dual gauge: 10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails)
Highways:
total: 23,100 km
paved: 18,226 km
unpaved: 4,874 km (1996 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742
km
Ports and harbors: Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis,
Zarzis
Merchant marine:
total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 151,084 GRT/159,576 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 5, chemical tanker 3, liquified gas 1,
petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (1999
est.)
Airports: 32 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 17
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 7 (1999 est.)
@Tunisia:Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces,
National Guard
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 2,669,934 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 1,523,849 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 102,464 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.5% (FY99)
@Tunisia:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: maritime boundary dispute with Libya; Malta
and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the
continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil
exploration
______________________________________________________________________
TURKEY
@Turkey:Introduction
Background: Turkey was created in 1923 from the Turkish remnants of
the Ottoman Empire. Soon thereafter the country instituted secular
laws to replace traditional religious fiats. In 1945 Turkey joined the
UN and in 1949 it became a member of NATO. Turkey occupied the
northern portion of Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the
island; relations between the two countries remain strained. Periodic
military offensives against Kurdish terrorists have dislocated part of
the population in southeast Turkey and have drawn international
condemnation.
@Turkey:Geography
Location: southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of
Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe),
bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering
the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E
Map references: Middle East
Area:
total: 780,580 sq km
land: 770,760 sq km
water: 9,820 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 2,627 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km
Coastline: 7,200 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary
agreed upon with the former USSR
territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in
Mediterranean Sea
Climate: temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher
in interior
Terrain: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau
(Anatolia)
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m
Natural resources: antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate,
sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 32%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 16%
forests and woodland: 26%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 36,740 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: very severe earthquakes, especially in northern
Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Environment - current issues: water pollution from dumping of
chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas;
deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship
traffic
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Environmental Modification
Geography - note: strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits
(Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean
Seas
@Turkey:People
Population: 65,666,677 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 29% (male 9,722,217; female 9,375,920)
15-64 years: 65% (male 21,671,638; female 20,966,110)
65 years and over: 6% (male 1,811,599; female 2,119,193) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.27% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 18.65 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 48.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 70.97 years
male: 68.63 years
female: 73.41 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Turk(s)
adjective: Turkish
Ethnic groups: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%
Religions: Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (Christian and
Jews)
Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 82.3%
male: 91.7%
female: 72.4% (1995 est.)
@Turkey:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Turkey
conventional short form: Turkey
local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti
local short form: Turkiye
Data code: TU
Government type: republican parliamentary democracy
Capital: Ankara
Administrative divisions: 80 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana,
Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan,
Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol,
Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli,
Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gazi Antep,
Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul,
Izmir, Kahraman Maras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri,
Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya,
Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye,
Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanli Urfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas,
Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat,
Zonguldak
note: Karabuk, Kilis, Osmaniye and Yalova are the four newest
provinces (there may be a fifth - Duzce); the US Board on Geographic
Names is awaiting an official Turkish administrative map for
verification of the boundaries
Independence: 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic, 29
October (1923)
Constitution: 7 November 1982
Legal system: derived from various European continental legal systems;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Ahmed Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bulent ECEVIT (since 11 January
1999)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
nomination of the prime minister
note: there is also a National Security Council that serves as an
advisory body to the president and the cabinet
elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year
term; election last held 5 May 2000 (next scheduled to be held NA May
2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the
president
election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president; percent of
National Assembly vote - 60%
Legislative branch: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or
Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DSP
136, MHP 130, FP 110, DYP 86, ANAP 88; note - as of 7 March 2000
seating was DSP 136, MHP 127, FP 103, DYP 85, ANAP 88 independents 6,
vacancies 5
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, judges appointed by the
president; Court of Appeals, judges are elected by the Supreme Council
of Judges and Prosecutors
Political parties and leaders: Changing Turkey Party or DEPAR [Gokhan
CAPOGLU]; Democracy and Peace Party or DBP ;
Democratic Left Party or DSP ; Democratic Party or DP
; Democratic Turkey Party or DTP ;
Enlightened Turkey Party or ATP ; Freedom and
Solidarity Party or ODP ; Grand Unity Party or BBP [Muhsin
YAZICIOGLU]; Labor Party or EP ; Liberal Democratic
Party or LDP ; Motherland Party or ANAP ;
My Turkey Party or TP ; Nation Party or MP [Aykut
EDIBALI]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP ; New
Democracy Movement or YDH ; Peace Party or BP [Ali
Haydar VEZIROGLU]; People's Democracy Party or HADEP ;
Republican People's Party or CHP ; Revolutionary People's
Party ; Socialist Power Party or SIP ; True
Path Party or DYP ; Virtue Party or FP ;
Workers' Party or IP
note: Welfare Party or RP was officially outlawed
on 22 February 1998
Political pressure groups and leaders: Confederation of Revolutionary
Workers Unions or DISK ; Independent Industrialists and
Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD ; Moral Rights Workers
Union or Hak-Is ; Turkish Industrialists' and
Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD ; Turkish
Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK ; Turkish
Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is ; Turkish Union of
Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB
International organization participation: AsDB, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE,
CERN (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, EU (applicant), FAO,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),
ISO, ITU, NATO, NEA, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA,
UPU, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Baki ILKIN
chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: (202) 612-6700
FAX: (202) 612-6744
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert PEARSON
embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ankara
mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823
telephone: (312) 468-6110
FAX: (312) 467-0019
consulate(s) general: Istanbul
consulate(s): Adana
Flag description: red with a vertical white crescent (the closed
portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered
just outside the crescent opening
@Turkey:Economy
Economy - overview: Turkey has a dynamic economy that is a complex mix
of modern industry and commerce along with traditional village
agriculture and crafts. It has a strong and rapidly growing private
sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry,
banking, transport, and communication. Its most important industry -
and largest exporter - is textiles and clothing, which is almost
entirely in private hands. The economic situation in recent years has
been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. After a
sharp drop in 1994, real GNP averaged 6.5% annual growth in 1995-98;
it then fell about 5% in 1999 as Turkey was adversely affected by
Russia's economic crisis and two major earthquakes. The already-large
public sector fiscal deficit widened in 1999 to perhaps 14% of GDP -
due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments which
accounted for 42% of central grovernment spending. Despite the
implementation in January 1996 of a customs union with the EU, foreign
direct investment in the country remains low - less than $1 billion
annually - perhaps because potential investors are concerned about
economic and political stability. Prospects for the future are
brighter - including prospects for foreign investment - because the
ECEVIT government is implementing a major economic reform program,
including a tighter budget, social security reform, banking
reorganization, and greatly accelerated privatization.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $409.4 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -5% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,200 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 18%
industry: 29%
services: 53% (1998)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 65% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 23.8 million (April 1999)
note: about 1.5 million Turks work abroad (1994)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 45.8%, services 33.7%,
industry 20.5% (April 1999)
Unemployment rate: 7.3% plus underemployment of 6.9% (April 1999 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $45.2 billion
expenditures: $66.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.4
billion (1999)
Industries: textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite,
copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Industrial production growth rate: -5.2% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production: 116.5 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 69.4%
hydro: 30.5%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 118.5 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports: 209 million kWh (1999 est.)
Electricity - imports: 2.3 billion kWh (1999 est.)
Agriculture - products: tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets,
pulse, citrus; livestock
Exports: $26 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: apparel 28%, foodstuffs 17%, textiles 12%,
metal manufactures 9% (1998)