37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%
Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.7%
male: 94.5%
female: 83% (1995 est.)
@Peru:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Peru
conventional short form: Peru
local long form: Republica del Peru
local short form: Peru
Data code: PE
Government type: constitutional republic
Capital: Lima
Administrative divisions: 24 departments (departamentos, singular -
departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia
constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho,
Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La
Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco,
Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
note: the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions
(regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous
economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been
constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto),
Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from
Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from
Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los
Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui
(from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from
Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin),
Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed
by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge
with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the
central government and organizational and political difficulties, the
regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993
constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993
constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal
governments
Independence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Constitution: 31 December 1993
Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori (since 28
July 1990); note - the president is both the chief of state and head
of government; additionally there are two vice presidents
head of government: President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori (since
28 July 1990); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government; additionally there are two vice presidents
note: Prime Minister Alberto BUSTAMANTE (since 13 October 1999) does
not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the
president
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held 9 April 2000)
election results: President FUJIMORI reelected; percent of vote -
Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes
CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67%
Legislative branch: unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or
Congresso Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held 9 April 2000)
election results: percent of vote by party - C90/NM 52.1%, UPP 14%,
other parties 33.9%; seats by party - C90/NM 67, UPP 17, APRA 8, FIM
6, CODE-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovation Party 3, IU 2, OBRAS
2, other parties 3
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de
Justicia, judges are appointed by the National Council of the
Judiciary
Political parties and leaders: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance
or APRA ; Change 90-New Majority or C90/NM [Alberto
FUJIMORI]; Civic Works Movement or OBRAS ; Democratic
Coordinator or CODE-Pais Posible [Jose BARBA Caballero and Alejandro
TOLEDO]; Independent Agrarian Movement or MIA ; Independent
Moralizing Front or FIM ; Peru 2000 [Alberto
FUJIMORI]; coalition of C90/NM and Vamos Vecino; Popular Action Party
or AP ; Popular Christian Party or PPC [Luis BEDOYA
Reyes]; Renovation Party ; Union for Peru or UPP
; United Left or IU ; Vamos Vecino
or VV
Political pressure groups and leaders: leftist guerrilla groups
include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel
MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or
MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader
at-large)]
International organization participation: APEC, CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO,
G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS,
OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Alfonso RIVERO Monsalve
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: (202) 833-9860 through 9869
FAX: (202) 659-8124
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York,
Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador John HAMILTON
embassy: Avenida Encalada, Cuadra 17, Monterrico, Lima
mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO
AA 34031-5000
telephone: (1) 434-3000
FAX: (1) 434-3037
Flag description: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side),
white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the
source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins,
all framed by a green wreath
@Peru:Economy
Economy - overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly
market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the
mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to
strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI
government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97
and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on
agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in
Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for
Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis
working its way through the economy. Lima did manage to complete
negotiations for an Extended Fund Facility with the IMF in June 1999,
although it subsequently had to renegotiate the targets. Pressure on
spending is growing in the run-up to the 2000 elections. Nevertheless,
improved commodity prices and the recovery of the fishing sector
should help drive GDP growth above the 5% mark in 2000.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $116 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2.4% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4,400 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 13%
industry: 42%
services: 45% (1998)
Population below poverty line: 54% (1991 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 34.3% (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.5% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 7.6 million (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture, mining and quarrying,
manufacturing, construction, transport, services
Unemployment rate: 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
Budget:
revenues: $8.5 billion
expenditures: $9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2
billion (1996 est.)
Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing,
food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal
fabrication
Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (1996)
Electricity - production: 18.28 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 24.53%
hydro: 74.79%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0.68% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 17.002 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 2 million kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat,
potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish
Exports: $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold,
crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton
Exports - partners: US 25%, China 8%, Japan 7%, Switzerland, Germany,
UK, Brazil (1997)
Imports: $8.4 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs,
petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners: US 19%, Colombia 6%, Venezuela 5%, Chile 4%,
Brazil 4% (1997)
Debt - external: $31 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $895.1 million (1995)
Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos
Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 3.500 (January 2000), 3.383
(1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996), 2.253 (1995)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Peru:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 1.509 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 504,995 (1998)
Telephone system: adequate for most requirements
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic
satellite system with 12 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
Pan American submarine cable
Radio broadcast stations: AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Radios: 6.65 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: 3.06 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 15 (1999)
@Peru:Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,988 km
standard gauge: 1,608 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 380 km 0.914-m gauge
Highways:
total: 72,900 km
paved: 8,700 km
unpaved: 64,200 km (1999 est.)
Waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208
km of Lago Titicaca
Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
Ports and harbors: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto
Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa,
Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches
of the Amazon and its tributaries
Merchant marine:
total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 65,193 GRT/100,584 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 6 (1999 est.)
Airports: 234 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 44
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 17
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 190
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 67
under 914 m: 94 (1999 est.)
@Peru:Military
Military branches: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del
Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza
Aerea del Peru), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 7,059,079 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 4,752,112 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 268,646 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.3 billion (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2% (FY98)
@Peru:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: demarcation of the agreed-upon border with
Ecuador was completed in May 1999
Illicit drugs: until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer,
Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 38,700
hectares at the end of 1999; most of cocaine base is shipped to
neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine
for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are
increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe
______________________________________________________________________
PHILIPPINES
@Philippines:Introduction
Background: The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898
following the Spanish-American War. They attained their independence
in 1946 after being occupied by the Japanese in World War II. The
21-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986 when a widespread
popular rebellion forced him into exile. In 1992, the US closed down
its last military bases on the islands. A quarter-century-old
guerrilla war with Muslim separatists on the island of Mindanao, which
had claimed 120,000 lives, ended with a treaty in 1996.
@Philippines:Geography
Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea
and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area:
total: 300,000 sq km
land: 298,170 sq km
water: 1,830 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Arizona
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 36,289 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from
coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed
polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
Climate: tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold,
salt, copper
Land use:
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 12%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 15,800 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and
struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active
volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Environment - current issues: uncontrolled deforestation in watershed
areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing
pollution of coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding
grounds
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification
@Philippines:People
Population: 81,159,644 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 37% (male 15,344,555; female 14,807,320)
15-64 years: 59% (male 23,777,245; female 24,285,565)
65 years and over: 4% (male 1,312,646; female 1,632,313) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.07% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 27.85 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 6.13 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 29.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 67.48 years
male: 64.65 years
female: 70.46 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.48 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Ethnic groups: Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%,
other 3%
Religions: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and
other 3%
Languages: Pilipino (official, based on Tagalog), English (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.6%
male: 95%
female: 94.3% (1995 est.)
@Philippines:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas
Data code: RP
Government type: republic
Capital: Manila
Administrative divisions: 73 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra,
Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique,
Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*,
Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon,
Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*,
Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin,
Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*,
Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del
Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General
Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo,
Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna,
Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union,
Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*,
Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental,
Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros
Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva
Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*, Ozamis*,
Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto
Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Roxas*,
Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in
Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South
Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del
Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*,
Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*,
Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur
Independence: 4 July 1946 (from US)
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)
Constitution: 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Legal system: based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1998)
and Vice President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 30 June 1998); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June
1998) and Vice President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 30 June 1998);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the
Commission of Appointments
elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by
popular vote for six-year terms; election last held 11 May 1998 (next
to be held 11 May 2004)
election results: Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA elected president; percent
of vote - approximately 40%; Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected vice
president; percent of vote - NA%
Legislative branch: bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the
Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years;
members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House
of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (221 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - an
additional 50 members may be appointed by the president)
elections: Senate - last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 11 May
2001); House of Representatives - elections last held 11 May 1998
(next to be held 11 May 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - LAMP 12, Lakas 5, PRP 2, LP 1, other 3; note - the Senate now
has only 23 members with one seat vacated when Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
became vice president; the seat can only be filled by election and is
likely to remain open until the next regular election in 2001; House
of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
LAMP 135, Lakas 37, LP 13, Aksyon Demokratiko 1, other 35
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, justices are appointed for four-year
terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar
Council
Political parties and leaders: Aksyon Demokratiko or Democratic Action
; Laban Ng Masang Pilipino or LAMP (Struggle of the
Filipino Masses) [Joseph ESTRADA, titular head, Eduardo "Danding"
COJUANGO, chairman, Edgardo ANGARA, party president]; Lakas [Raul
MANGLAPUS, chairman, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, secretary general, Jose
DE VENECIA, party president]; Liberal Party or LP [Raul DAZA,
president, Jovito SALONGA, chairman, Florencio ABAD, secretary
general]; People's Reform Party or PRP
International organization participation: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP,
ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET,
UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ernesto MACEDA
chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: (202) 467-9300
FAX: (202) 328-7614
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San
Francisco, and Tamuning (Guam)
consulate(s): San Diego and San Jose (Saipan)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas C. HUBBARD
embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita Manila 1000
mailing address: FPO 96515
telephone: (2) 523-1001
FAX: (2) 522-4361
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red
with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the
center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each
containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle
is a small yellow five-pointed star
@Philippines:Economy
Economy - overview: In 1998 the Philippine economy - a mixture of
agriculture, light industry, and supporting services - deteriorated as
a result of spillover from the Asian financial crisis and poor weather
conditions. Growth fell to about -0.5% in 1998 from 5% in 1997, but
recovered to 2.9% in 1999. The government has promised to continue its
economic reforms to help the Philippines match the pace of development
in the newly industrialized countries of East Asia. The strategy
includes improving infrastructure, overhauling the tax system to
bolster government revenues, and moving toward further deregulation
and privatization of the economy.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $282 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2.9% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,600 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 20%
industry: 32%
services: 48% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 32% (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 33.5% (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.8% (1999)
Labor force: 32 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 39.8%, government and social
services 19.4%, services 17.7%, manufacturing 9.8%, construction 5.8%,
other 7.5% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate: 9.6% (October 1998)
Budget:
revenues: $14.5 billion
expenditures: $12.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1998 est.)
Industries: textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food
processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 1.7% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production: 39.623 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 70.12%
hydro: 10.75%
nuclear: 0%
other: 19.13% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 36.849 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)