chief of state: President Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI (since 13 May 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the
president of the Council of Ministers) Massimo D'ALEMA (since 21
October 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and
approved by the president
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of
both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a
seven-year term; election last held 13 May 1999 (next to be held NA
May 2006); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by
parliament
election results: Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - 70%
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the
Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote
of which 232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional
proportional representation plus, in addition, there are a small
number of senators-for-life including former presidents of the
republic; members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies
or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by
regional proportional representation; members serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 21 April 1996 (next scheduled for NA
April 2001); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 April 1996 (next
scheduled for NA April 2001)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - Olive Tree 157, Freedom Alliance 116, Northern League-Padania
27, Communist Renewal 10, regional lists 3, Social Movement-Tricolored
Flames 1, Panella Reformers 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote
by party - NA; seats by party - Olive Tree 284, Freedom Alliance 246,
Northern League 59, Communist Renewal 35, Southern Tyrol People's
Party 3, Autonomous List 2, other 1
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale,
composed of 15 judges (one-third appointed by the president, one-third
elected by Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and
administrative supreme courts)
Political parties and leaders: Bonino List or LB (used to be the
Autonomous List, a group of minor parties) ; Center-Left
Coalition (used to be the Olive Tree) - Democrats,
DS, FdV, PdCI, PPI, RI, UDEUR; Christian Democratic Center or CCD
; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Rocco
BUTTIGLIONE]; Communist Renewal or RC ; Democratic
Party ; Democratic Party of the Left or DS [Walter
VELTRONI]; Forza Italia or FI ; Freedom Alliance (a
center-right coalition) - FI, AN, CCD;
Green Federation or FdV ; Italian Communist Party
or PdCI ; Italian Democratic Socialists or SDI
; Italian Popular Party or PPI [Pierluigi
CASTAGNETTI]; Italian Renewal or RI ; Italian Social
Movement-Tricolored Flame or MSI-FT ; National Alliance or
AN ; Northern League-Padania or NL-Padania [Umberto
BOSSI]; Radical Party (formerly Panella Reformers) ;
Republican Party or PR ; Southern Tyrols People's
Party or SVP (German speakers) ; Union of Democrats
for Europe or UDEUR ; Union for the Republic or UPR
Political pressure groups and leaders: Italian manufacturers and
merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm
groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura); Roman Catholic Church;
three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale
Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL which is left wing,
Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Sergio
D'ANTONI] which is Catholic centrist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro
or UIL which is lay centrist)
International organization participation: AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group,
BIS, BSEC (observer), CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC,
EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,
IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA
(observer), MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS
(observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ferdinando SALLEO
chancery: 1601 Fuller Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 and 2700 16th
Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: (202) 328-5500
FAX: (202) 483-2187
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los
Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Francisco
consulate(s): Detroit
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas M. FOGLIETTA
embassy: Via Veneto 119/A, 00187-Rome
mailing address: PSC 59, Box 100, APO AE 09624
telephone: (06) 46741
FAX: (06) 488-2672
consulate(s) general: Florence, Milan, Naples
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side),
white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is
green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the
Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side),
white, and green
note: inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797
@Italy:Economy
Economy - overview: Italy has a diversified industrial economy with
approximately the same total and per capita output as France and the
UK. This capitalistic economy remains divided into a developed
industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less developed
agricultural south, with more than 20% unemployment. Most raw
materials needed by industry and more than 75% of energy requirements
are imported. For several years Italy has adopted budgets compliant
with the requirements of the European Monetary Union (EMU);
representatives of government, labor, and employers also agreed to an
update of the 1993 "social pact," which has been widely credited with
having brought Italy's inflation into conformity with EMU
requirements. Italy must work to stimulate employment, promote wage
flexibility, hold down the growth in pensions, and tackle the informal
economy. Growth was 1.3% in 1999 and should edge up to 2.6% in 2000,
led by investment and exports.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.212 trillion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 1.3% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $21,400 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 2.6%
industry: 31.6%
services: 65.8% (1998)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 23.7% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.7% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 23.193 million
Labor force - by occupation: services 61%, industry 32%, agriculture
7% (1996)
Unemployment rate: 11.5% (1999 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $530 billion
expenditures: $522 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1999 est.)
Industries: tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food
processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics
Industrial production growth rate: 1.9% (1998 est.)
Electricity - production: 243.027 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 80.22%
hydro: 17.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 2.48% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 266.705 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 900 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 41.59 billion kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar
beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish
Exports: $242.6 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities: engineering products, textiles and clothing,
production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals;
food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals
Exports - partners: EU 56% (Germany 16.5%, France 12.7%, UK 7.2%,
Spain 5.8%, Netherlands 2.9%), US 8.5% (1998)
Imports: $206.9 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports - commodities: engineering products, chemicals, transport
equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles
and clothing; food, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners: EU 61% (Germany 18.8%, France 13.12%, UK 6.47%,
Netherlands 6.2%, Belgium-Luxembourg 4.7%), US 5.1% (1998)
Debt - external: $45 billion (1996 est.)
Economic aid - donor: ODA, $1.3 billion (1997)
Currency: 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi
Exchange rates: euros per US$1 - 0.9867 (January 2000), 0.9386 (1999);
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,688.7 (January 1999), 1,736.2 (1998),
1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996), 1,628.9 (1995)
note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced a common currency that is
now being used for non-cash transactions in some member countries at a
fixed rate of 1,936.27 lire per euro; the euro will replace the local
currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Italy:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 25 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 17.7 million (1998)
Telephone system: modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated
telephone, telex, and data services
domestic: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of
5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat
(Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat; 21 submarine cables
Radio broadcast stations: AM about 100, FM about 4,600, shortwave 9
(1998)
Radios: 50.5 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 6,317 (of which only 117 have 2 kW or
more of transmitter power) (1997)
Televisions: 30.3 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 219 (1999)
@Italy:Transportation
Railways:
total: 19,394 km
standard gauge: 18,071 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways (FS)
operates 16,014 km of the total standard gauge routes (11,322 km
electrified)
narrow gauge: 112 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 1,211 km
0.950-m gauge (153 km electrified) (1998)
Highways:
total: 654,676 km
paved: 654,676 km (including 6,957 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.)
Waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although
of limited overall value
Pipelines: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural
gas 19,400 km
Ports and harbors: Augusta (Sicily), Bagnoli, Bari, Brindisi, Gela,
Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Milazzo, Naples, Porto Foxi, Porto Torres
(Sardigna), Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Trieste, Venice
Merchant marine:
total: 427 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,971,578 GRT/9,635,770
DWT
ships by type: bulk 41, cargo 45, chemical tanker 73, combination
ore/oil 2, container 20, liquified gas 38, livestock carrier 1,
multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker
87, roll-on/roll-off 58, short-sea passenger 26, specialized tanker
13, vehicle carrier 16 (1999 est.)
Airports: 136 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 97
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 31
under 914 m: 12 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 39
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 19
under 914 m: 18 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 3 (1999 est.)
@Italy:Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 14,315,634 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 12,331,306 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 311,160 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $23.294 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.7% (FY99)
@Italy:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: Italy and Slovenia made progress in
resolving bilateral issues; Croatia and Italy made progress toward
resolving a bilateral issue dating from World War II over property and
ethnic minority rights
Illicit drugs: important gateway for and consumer of Latin American
cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market
______________________________________________________________________
JAMAICA
@Jamaica:Introduction
Background: Jamaica gained full independence within the British
Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the
1970s led to recurrent violence and a dropoff in tourism. Elections in
1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office, and a more
conservative government installed. Political violence marred elections
during the 1990s.
@Jamaica:Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Geographic coordinates: 18 15 N, 77 30 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total: 10,990 sq km
land: 10,830 sq km
water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Connecticut
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 1,022 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Terrain: mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m
Natural resources: bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Land use:
arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 6%
permanent pastures: 24%
forests and woodland: 17%
other: 39% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: hurricanes (especially July to November)
Environment - current issues: heavy rates of deforestation; coastal
waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to
coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica
Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal
@Jamaica:People
Population: 2,652,689 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 30% (male 411,448; female 392,559)
15-64 years: 63% (male 832,314; female 837,133)
65 years and over: 7% (male 80,059; female 99,176) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.46% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 18.51 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: -8.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 14.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.21 years
male: 73.26 years
female: 77.26 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.11 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican
Ethnic groups: black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese
0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
Religions: Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%,
Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist
2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%,
Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual
cults 34.7%
Languages: English, Creole
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 85%
male: 80.8%
female: 89.1% (1995 est.)
@Jamaica:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica
Data code: JM
Government type: constitutional parliamentary democracy
Capital: Kingston
Administrative divisions: 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston,
Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint
Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny,
Westmoreland
Independence: 6 August 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962)
Constitution: 6 August 1962
Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August
1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30
March 1992) and Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of
the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed
by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime
minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a
21-member body appointed by the governor general on the
recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is
allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 December 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP
50, JLP 10
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister; Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders: Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward
SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM ; People's
National Party or PNP
Political pressure groups and leaders: New Beginnings Movement or NBM;
Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
International organization participation: ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB,
ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW,
UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL
chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: (202) 452-0660
FAX: (202) 452-0081
consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley Louis MCLELLAND
embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor,
Kingston
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: (809) 929-4850 through 4859
FAX: (809) 926-6743
Flag description: diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four
triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer
side)
@Jamaica:Economy
Economy - overview: Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite
(alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and
tourism. Since assuming office in 1992, Prime Minister PATTERSON has
eliminated most price controls, streamlined tax schedules, and
privatized government enterprises. Continued tight monetary and fiscal
policies have helped slow inflation - although inflationary pressures
are mounting - and stabilize the exchange rate, but have resulted in
the slowdown of economic growth (moving from 1.5% in 1992 to 0.5% in
1995). In 1996, GDP showed negative growth (-1.4%) and remained
negative through 1999. Serious problems include: high interest rates;
increased foreign competition; the weak financial condition of
business in general resulting in receiverships or closures and
downsizings of companies; the shift in investment portfolios to
non-productive, short-term high yield instruments; a pressured,
sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade
deficit; and a growing internal debt for government bailouts to
various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the financial
sector. Depressed economic conditions in 1999 led to increased civil
unrest, including a mounting crime rate. Jamaica's medium-term
prospects will depend upon encouraging investment in the productive
sectors, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, stabilizing the
labor environment, selling off reacquired firms, and implementing
proper fiscal and monetary policies.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $8.8 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -0.5% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,350 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 7.4%
industry: 42.1%
services: 50.5% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 34.2% (1992 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 31.9% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.4% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 1.13 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation: services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry
19% (1998)
Unemployment rate: 15.5% (1998)
Budget:
revenues: $2.27 billion
expenditures: $3.66 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.265
billion (FY98/99 est.)
Industries: tourism, bauxite, textiles, food processing, light
manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity - production: 6.386 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 92.7%
hydro: 2.21%
nuclear: 0%
other: 5.09% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 5.939 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes,
vegetables; poultry, goats, milk
Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum
Exports - partners: US 39.5%, EU (excluding UK) 15.6%, UK 12.1%,
Canada 11.5% (1998)
Imports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and transport equipment, construction
materials, fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers
Imports - partners: US 50.9%, EU (excluding UK) 9.5%, Caricom
countries 10.4%, Latin America 6% (1998)
Debt - external: $3.8 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $102.7 million (1995)
Currency: 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 41.139 (December
1999), 9.044 (1999), 36.550 (1998), 35.404 (1997), 37.120 (1996),
35.142 (1995)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Jamaica:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 292,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 45,178 (1995)
Telephone system: fully automatic domestic telephone network
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
3 coaxial submarine cables
Radio broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: 1.215 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 7 (1997)
Televisions: 460,000 (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (1999)
@Jamaica:Transportation
Railways:
total: 370 km
standard gauge: 370 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km belong to the
Jamaica Railway Corporation in common carrier service, but are no
longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to
transport bauxite
Highways:
total: 18,700 km
paved: 13,100 km
unpaved: 5,600 km (1997 est.)
Pipelines: petroleum products 10 km
Ports and harbors: Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego
Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf)
Merchant marine:
total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,930 GRT/3,065 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (1999 est.)
Airports: 36 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 25
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 23 (1999 est.)
@Jamaica:Military
Military branches: Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces,
Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 725,975 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 510,419 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 27,202 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $30 million (FY95/96 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%
@Jamaica:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none