Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 16 March 1997 (next to be held 12 March 2000)
election results: percent of vote by party - ARENA 35.4%, FMLN 34.3%,
PCN 8.1%, PDC 7.9%, CD 3.8%, PRSC 3.4%, PLD 3.2%, MU 2.1%, PD 1.0%,
other 0.8%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 27, PCN 9, PDC 8, PRSC 3,
CD 2, PLD 2, MU 1, PD 1, independent 3
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly
Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene
AGUILUZ, secretary general]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben
ZAMORA, secretary general]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
or FMLN ; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio
Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro
CRUZ Zepeda, secretary general]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA
; Popular Labor Party or PPL [Ernesto VILANOVA,
secretary general]; Social Christian Union or USC [Abraham RODRIGUEZ,
president]; Social Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ and Juan
MEDRANO]; United Democratic Center or CDU , bloc
includes CD and PD formed by merger of Christian Social Renewal Party
or PRSC, National Solidarity Movement or MSN, and the Unity Movement
or MU
Political pressure groups and leaders:
labor organizations: Association of Agricultural Producers or APROAS;
Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the
Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or
FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS;
National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of
El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union
of Electrical Corporation or STCEL
business organizations: National Association of Small Enterprise or
ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran
Industrial Association or ASI
International organization participation: BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO,
G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,
IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU,
LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW,
PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez
chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: (202) 265-9671
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami,
New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco
consulate(s): Boston
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Anne W. PATTERSON
embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, San Salvador
mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023
telephone: 278-4444
FAX: 278-6011
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white,
and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band;
the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words
REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of
Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white
band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE
NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to
the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X
pattern centered in the white band
@El Salvador:Economy
Economy - overview: El Salvador is a poor Central American economy
which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory
closings, the aftermath of Hurricane Mitch, and weak world coffee
prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to
single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The
substantial trade deficit has been offset by remittances from the
large number of Salvadorans living abroad and from external aid.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $18.1 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2.2% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,100 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 12%
industry: 22%
services: 66% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line: 48% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 38.3% (1995)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 2.35 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services
55% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: 7.7% (1997 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $1.5 billion
expenditures: $1.73 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1999)
Industries: food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals,
fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals
Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production: 4.1 billion kWh (1999 est.)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 49.32%
hydro: 36.46%
nuclear: 0%
other: 14.22% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 4.17 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports: 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports: 65 million kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products: coffee, sugarcane, corn, rice, beans, oilseed,
cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products; shrimp
Exports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities: offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar,
shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity
Exports - partners: US 59%, Guatemala 12%, Germany 6%, Costa Rica 4%,
Honduras (1998)
Imports: $4.15 billion (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities: raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods,
fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity
Imports - partners: US 51%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Japan 3%, Costa
Rica (1999)
Debt - external: $3.3 billion (1999 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: total $252 million; $57 million from US
(1999 est.)
Currency: 1 Salvadoran colon (C) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: Salvadoran colones (C) per US$1 (end of period) -
8.755 fixed rate since 1993
Fiscal year: calendar year
@El Salvador:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 380,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 13,475 (1995)
Telephone system:
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
connected to Central American Microwave System
Radio broadcast stations: AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave
0 (1998)
Radios: 2.75 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 5 (1997)
Televisions: 600,000 (1990)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (1999)
@El Salvador:Transportation
Railways:
total: 602 km (single track; note - some sections abandoned, unusable,
or operating at reduced capacity)
narrow gauge: 602 km 0.914-m gauge
Highways:
total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,043 km (1997 est.)
Waterways: Rio Lempa partially navigable
Ports and harbors: Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union,
Puerto El Triunfo
Merchant marine: none (1999 est.)
Airports: 85 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 81
914 to 1,523 m: 17
under 914 m: 64 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1999 est.)
@El Salvador:Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 1,428,974 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 906,656 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 67,181 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $105 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.9% (FY98)
@El Salvador:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: the Honduras-El Salvador Border Protocol
ratified by Honduras in May 1999 established a framework for a
long-delayed border demarcation, which is currently underway; with
respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ
referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed
Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among
El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for
local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise
______________________________________________________________________
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
@Equatorial Guinea:Introduction
Background: Composed of a mainland portion and five inhabited islands,
Equatorial Guinea has been ruled by ruthless leaders who have badly
mismanaged the economy since independence from 190 years of Spanish
rule in 1968. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since
1991, the 1996 presidential and 1999 legislative elections were widely
seen as being flawed.
@Equatorial Guinea:Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between
Cameroon and Gabon
Geographic coordinates: 2 00 N, 10 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 28,051 sq km
land: 28,051 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries:
total: 539 km
border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Coastline: 296 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; always hot, humid
Terrain: coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
Natural resources: oil, petroleum, timber, small unexploited deposits
of gold, manganese, uranium
Land use:
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 4%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 41% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: violent windstorms, flash floods
Environment - current issues: tap water is not potable;
desertification
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of
the Sea, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: insular and continental regions rather widely
separated
@Equatorial Guinea:People
Population: 474,214 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43% (male 101,724; female 100,787)
15-64 years: 54% (male 121,290; female 132,581)
65 years and over: 3% (male 7,960; female 9,872) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.47% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 38.13 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 13.4 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 94.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 53.56 years
male: 51.53 years
female: 55.65 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.94 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Ethnic groups: Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni
(primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Religions: nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan
practices
Languages: Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English,
Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.5%
male: 89.6%
female: 68.1% (1995 est.)
@Equatorial Guinea:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial
former: Spanish Guinea
Data code: EK
Government type: republic
Capital: Malabo
Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (provincias, singular -
provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem,
Litoral, Wele-Nzas
Independence: 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Constitution: approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995
Legal system: partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA
MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)
head of government: Prime Minister Serafin Seriche DOUGAN (since NA
April 1996); First Vice Prime Minister and Agriculture Minister Miguel
OYONO NDONG (since NA January 1998); Second Vice Prime Minister for
Internal Affairs Demetrio Elo NDONG NZE FUMU (since NA January 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote to a seven-year term;
election last held 25 February 1996 (next to be held NA February
2003); prime minister and vice prime ministers appointed by the
president
election results: President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected
with 98% of popular vote in elections marred by widespread fraud
Legislative branch: unicameral House of People's Representatives or
Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%;
seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1
note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the
House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative
elections
Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal
Political parties and leaders: Convergence Party for Social Democracy
or CPDS ; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea
or PDGE (ruling party) ; Party for Progress of
Equatorial Guinea or PPGE ; Popular Action of Equatorial
Guinea or APGE ; Popular Union or UP [Fabian MUSA,
general secretary]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino
Bolekia BONAY, mayor of Malabo]
International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC,
CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU,
OPCW, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO
(applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Pastor Micha ONDO BILE
chancery: 1712 I Street NW, Suite 410, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: (202) 296-4174
FAX: (202) 296-4195
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador John M. YATES
note: the US does not have an embassy in Equatorial Guinea (embassy
closed September 1995); US relations with Equatorial Guinea are
handled through the US Embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon; the US State
Department is considering opening a Consulate Agency in Malabo
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white,
and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the
coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six
yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore
islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below
which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace,
Justice)
@Equatorial Guinea:Economy
Economy - overview: The discovery and exploitation of large oil
reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years.
Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP.
Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial
Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the
deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has
diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. A number of aid
programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off
since 1993 because of the government's gross corruption and
mismanagement. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government
officials and their family members. Undeveloped natural resources
include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. The
country responded favorably to the devaluation of the CFA franc in
January 1994. Boosts in production, along with high world oil prices,
should further stimulate growth in 2000-2001.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $960 million (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 15% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 20%
industry: 60%
services: 20% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1999 est.)
Labor force: NA
Unemployment rate: 30% (1998 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $47 million
expenditures: $43 million, including capital expenditures of $7
million (1996 est.)
Industries: petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas
Industrial production growth rate: 7.4% (1994 est.)
Electricity - production: 21 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 85.71%
hydro: 14.29%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 20 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (tapioca),
bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber
Exports: $555 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities: petroleum, timber, cocoa
Exports - partners: US 62%, Spain 17%, China 9%, France 3%, Japan 3%,
(1997)
Imports: $300 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities: petroleum, manufactured goods and equipment
Imports - partners: US 35%, France 15%, Spain 10%, Cameroon 10%, UK 6%
(1997)
Debt - external: $290 million (1999 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $33.8 million (1995)
Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100
centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1
- 647.25 (January 2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997),
511.55 (1996), 499.15 (1995)
note: since 1 January 1999, the CFAF is pegged to the euro at a rate
of 655.957 CFA francs per euro
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Equatorial Guinea:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 3,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1995)
Telephone system: poor system with adequate government services
domestic: NA
international: international communications from Bata and Malabo to
African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
(Indian Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios: 180,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 4,000 (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
@Equatorial Guinea:Transportation
Railways:
total: 0 km
Highways:
total: 2,880 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 2,880 km (1996 est.)
Ports and harbors: Bata, Luba, Malabo
Merchant marine:
total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 25,907 GRT/26,812 DWT
ships by type: cargo 8, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1 (1999 est.)
Airports: 3 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1999 est.)
@Equatorial Guinea:Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force,
National Police
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 105,420 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 53,564 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $3 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.6% (FY97/98)
@Equatorial Guinea:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: exclusive maritime economic zone boundary
dispute with Cameroon is presently before the ICJ; maritime boundary
dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in
Corisco Bay; maritime boundary dispute with Nigeria and Cameroon
because of disputed jurisdiction over oil-rich areas in the Gulf of
Guinea
______________________________________________________________________
ERITREA
@Eritrea:Introduction
Background: Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a
federation. Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years
later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991
with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was
overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum. A border war with
Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 remains unresolved.
@Eritrea:Geography
Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and
Sudan
Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 39 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 121,320 sq km
land: 121,320 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Pennsylvania
Land boundaries:
total: 1,630 km
border countries: Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
Coastline: 2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in
Red Sea 1,083 km
Maritime claims: NA
Climate: hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter
in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid
in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September
except in coastal desert
Terrain: dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending
highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the
northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling
plains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m
highest point: Soira 3,018 m
Natural resources: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and
natural gas, fish
Land use:
arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 49%
forests and woodland: 6%
other: 32% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 280 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: frequent droughts and locust storms
Environment - current issues: deforestation; desertification; soil
erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: strategic geopolitical position along world's
busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of
Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on
24 May 1993
@Eritrea:People
Population: 4,135,933 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43% (male 888,573; female 883,939)
15-64 years: 54% (male 1,104,082; female 1,122,683)
65 years and over: 3% (male 69,518; female 67,138) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.86% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 42.71 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 12.3 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 8.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, about 150,000 Eritrean refugees in Sudan
have registered for voluntary repatriation, following the restoration
of diplomatic relations between Eritrea and Sudan in January 2000
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 76.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 55.79 years
male: 53.36 years
female: 58.29 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.93 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Eritrean(s)
adjective: Eritrean
Ethnic groups: ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%,
Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%
Religions: Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Languages: Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other
Cushitic languages
Literacy:
definition: NA
total population: 25%
male: NA%
female: NA%
@Eritrea:Government