_Serian_
A. sâ´hkŭm, _sâ´hk-_
B. scochhom, _scochh-_
C. shoχ´kum, _shoχ´-_, ksuχ´kŭă, _ksuχk-_
D. kosojkl, _kosoχk-_, kosojhl, _kosoχh-_
_Yuman_
8. chaimpap´k
12. chapóp
24. chepap
7. choompapa
13. ch´pap
17. ch´pop
4. chumpáp
15. chumpáp
16. chupop
20. chuumpáp
3. s´pap
5. styumpáp
26. tcăpáp
14. tchibabk
6. tchungbabk
9. tcimpápa
2. hôba
10. hobá
11. hoopbá
1. hópa
18. hopá
19. hópa
21. hopá
22. hupá
I. ic̲h̲kyum-kooak, (= iχ´kium-kuak)
II. maga-cubuguá
III. maga-cubuguá
23. mnox (?), “(fingers) closed, lying together”
IV. nauwi (Laymon)
The Serian examples of the digit “four” are evidently mere variants
of a common original, the derivation and signification of which the
meager linguistic material at hand seems not to supply. In no manner do
these forms accord with those of the Yuman list below, thus barring any
inference of relationship.
The Yuman list presents apparently only three different terms for
the digit “four”. Without the means of obtaining even a partially
accurate view of the historical development of such a form as the
Mohave _chaimpap´k_ (8), it is nevertheless instructive to compare
it with the Cochimi _ic̲h̲kyum-kooak_ (I), the literal meaning of
which is “two repeated”. This apparently gives a clew to both the
derivation and signification of the Mohave term. The initial _chiam_-
is seemingly a modified form of the prefix _ic̲h̲kyum_-, signifying
“repeated, again, iterated”. If this identification be correct, as
it certainly seems to be, then the final -_pap´k_ is the duplicated
form of the numeral “two”, the variants of the stem of which are as
follows: _hub-_, _hob-_, _hav-_, and _hab-_. This _chaim-_ changes
to _cha-_, _che-_, _choom-_, _chu-_, _chuum-_, _styum-_, _tcim-_,
_tchi-_, _ch’-_, _s’-_, and _tchung-_, while _pap’k_ appears as _pop_,
_pap_, and _papa_. The next stem is that of the Tonto _hôba_ (2),
which is apparently cognate with the verb _hobam_, “to set, lie down”,
like the sun and moon, referring to the fact that when the fingers
are “all lying down” the count is “four”. The following six terms are
apparently cognate with this Tonto form. The Cochimi (I) has already
been mentioned. Its final _kooak_ is the numeral “two”, and the prefix,
as explained above, signifies “repeated, again, iterated”. The next
two forms (II) and (III) are apparently composed of the iterative,
or rather additive, prefix _maga-_, “added, over”, and a form of the
Cochimi numeral “two”, _goguò_. The Kiliwi _mnok_ signifies “lying
together, closed”, as the fingers, thus approximating in sense the
Tonto _hôba_, above.