_Nymphæa_, 83;

origin of name of, 83;

flapping pads of, 145;

_N. advena_, 69, 144

Nymphs, wood, 152

O

Oak Hill, White Oaks (Mass.), 196;

Pownal (Vt.), 141

October, month of, 180, 238

Œta, Mount, Pownal (Vt.), 3, 11, 38-40, 62, 80, 85, 89, 95, 120,

139, 188, 193, 207, 210, 212, 238;

summit of, crowned with farms, 97;

a foothill of the Dome, 96

_Ophioglossum vulgatum_, 129

_Opuntia Opuntia_, 158

Orange Mountains (N. J.), 131, 165, 231, 233-235;

solitudes of, 232

=Orchidaceæ=, haunts of, 118, 238;

tropical, 136;

botanical description of, 241;

New England species of, 241, 242;

origin of name, 109;

North American species of, 241

=Orchid Family=, 17, 45, 106, 133, 166, 187;

roots of, 46, 110;

extinction of, 48, 53, 71, 136;

self-fertilization of, 52, 77;

venders of, 53;

seedlings of, 77, 136;

torsion of seed-capsule of, 80, 92, 93;

cultivation of native species, 82;

straight seed-capsule of, 92;

pigmy of the, 105;

insect agency in fertilization of, 108;

species in literature, 109-111;

origin of name Orchis, 109;

germination of seeds of, 135, 136;

craze over, in culture, 136;

botanical description of, 241;

genera of New England, 242

=Orchis=, generic description of, 247;

species, 106;

high organism, 106;

differences between _Orchis_ and _Cypripedium_, 108;

origin of name of, 109;

oldest species of the family known in literature, 109-111

=O. aristata=, endemic to Alaska, 106

=O. mascula=, native of England, and resembles _O. spectabilis_ of

New England, 106

=O. morio=, native of Europe, and resembles _Habenaria psycodes_

and _Habenaria grandiflora_, of New England, 110.

See common names of _Orchis_

=O. rotundifolia=, specific description of, 248;

rare, 106

=O. spectabilis=, specific description of, 248;

common species, 56, 104, 106, 107, 138, 161, 188

=Orchis=, common names of _Orchis_, and _Habenaria_

=Andrews’ Rose-Purple Orchis.=

See _H. Andrewseii_, 258

=Crane-Fly Orchis.=

See _Tipularia unifolia_, 281

=Cream-Fringed Orchis.=

See _H. holopetala_, 256

=Intermediate Bog-Orchis.=

See _H. media_, 252

=Large Purple-Fringed Orchis.=

See _H. grandiflora_, 257;

history of, 29, 79, 84, 104, 105, 110;

haunts, 111, 113, 114

=Large Round-Leaved Orchis.=

See _H. orbiculata_, 250;

haunts, 101, 102, 104, 120, 172, 205

=Long Bracted Orchis.=

See _H. bracteata_, 254

=Ragged-Fringed Green Orchis.=

See _H. lacera_, 257;

haunts, 220

=Rein=, or =Naked Gland Orchis=.

See _Habenaria_, 249

=Showy Orchis.=

See _O. spectabilis_, 248;

haunts, 56, 57, 104, 164, 167, 168

=Showy= or =Covered Gland Orchis=.

See _Orchis_, 247

=Small Oblong-Leaved Orchis.=

See _H. oblongifolia_

=Small Purple-Fringed Orchis.=

See _H. psycodes_, 258;

haunts, 70, 83, 102, 111, 178

=Small Round-Leaved Orchis.=

See _H. Hookeriana_, 250;

haunts, 101, 104, 141, 171, 177, 187, 205-207

=Small Round-Leaved Showy Orchis.=

See _O. rotundifolia_, 248

=Small Yellow Bog-Orchis.=

See _H. clavellata_, 254

=Sub-Alpine Green Orchis.=

See _H. obtusata_, 251

=Tall Leafy Green Orchis.=

See _H. hyperborea_, 251

=Tall White Northern Bog-Orchis.=

See _H. dilatata_, 252;

haunts, 73, 181

=Tubercled Orchis.=

See _H. flava_, 255

=White-Fringed Orchis.=

See _H. blephariglottis_, 256;

haunts, 105, 220

=Yellow-Fringed Orchis.=

See _H. ciliaris_, 255;

haunts, 105

Orioles, 130, 167

_Osmunda_, 130, 167

_O. regalis_, 12

Oven-Bird’s nest, 153, 154

P

_Pæonia_, origin of name, 169

Painted Cup, 234, 235

Palisades, Hudson Valley, 166

=Palma Christi=, 110.

_See_ Purple-Fringed Orchises or _Habenaria_

_Pances_, 159

_Pardanthus_, 161

_Parnassia Caroliniana_, 237

Parnassus, Mount, Greece, 237

Parsons, Abraham, 196;

locally called, Abe-the-Bunter, 197

Partridge, habits of, 174, 175;

young partridges, 174

Partridge-berry, 24

Patterson’s Meadows, 168

Pearly-Everlasting, 237

Pear, Prickly, 158

Peat, formation of, 101

Peckham’s Hollow, 188

_Pedicularis Canadensis_, 165

_Pellæa atropurpurea_, 191

Pennyroyal, 132, 199;

as a drug, 132

Pent Road, Snuff Hollow, Notch Valley, 213

Pep or Catnip, 132

=Peramium=, generic description, 269.

_See_ Rattlesnake Plantain

=P. Menziesii=, specific description, 271

=P. ophioides=, specific description, 272

=P. pubescens=, specific description, 270

=P. repens=, specific description, 270

Perch Pond (Vt.), 69.

_See_ Pownal Pond

Perkins’ Hill, 188

_Pes Aquilegia_, origin of name, 168

_Pes Columbinus_, origin of name, 169

Petersburgh Hills, 203

_Phegopteris hexagonoptera_, 160

_P. Dryopteris_, 160

_Phlox subulata_, 157.

_See_ Rock Pinks

Pickerel-Weed, 64

Pied de Pigeon, 169

Pigeon Cherry Blossoms, 119

Pine Grove, Pownal Pond, 143;

trees, 87, 141, 165;

rest beneath, 146

_Pinus resinosa_, 117

_P. rigida_, 186

_P. divaricata_, 117

_P. Mariana_, 117

Pinxter-Flower, 232

Pipsissewa, 24

Pitcher Plant, haunts, 32, 33, 35, 65, 67, 69, 105, 142, 181

Pittsfield (Mass.), stages to, 198

Plains, Huckleberry, 115

_Plant World, the_, cited, 126, 169

Platt, “a friend of mine,” a character of Hawthorne’s, 218, 219

Pleasant Valley, Orange Mountains (N. J.), 234

Pleurisy-Root, 234

Pliny, orchises known to, 109;

_Natural History_ quoted, 240

Plymouth (Mass.), 24

Poe Cottage, Bedford Park (N. Y. City), 161

=Pogonia=, generic description, 259;

haunts, 62, 63, 70, 73, 83, 85, 88, 125, 178, 181, 202;

delicate, 89;

origin of name, 90, 259;

New England species, 259.

_See_ Sweet Pogonias

=P. affinis=, specific description, 261;

origin of name, 261

=P. ophioglossoides=, specific description, 260;

origin of name, 90, 260;

flowers, 90, 94;

fragrance, 90;

roots, 91;

fertilization, 94.

_See_ Snake-Mouth _Pogonia_

=P. trianthophora=, specific description, 260;

origin of name, 260;

range, 260

=P. verticillata=, 187;

specific description, 261;

origin of name, 261

Point of Rocks, Mosholu, and Lowerre (N. Y.), 161, 164, 165

Pollen and Pollinia of Orchids, 93

Pollywogs, or tadpoles, 63, 69, 144

_Polygonum amphibium_, 84, 143;

name of, 84;

genus, 144, 145

_Polypodium vulgare_, 14

Polypody Ferns, 194, 212

Polypores, haunts, 149-152, 186;

structure, 151;

seeds or spores, 151;

origin of name, 151

Poppy Family, 164

Pot-hole erosions, origin, 189, 190, 220, 221;

formation of Wash-Tub Brook, 189;

ancient revolving stone, Bronx Park (N. Y. City), 190;

Deerfield Arch, 222;

Natural Bridge Chasm, 226.

_See_ Erosions _and_ Natural Bridge

Pownal (Vt.), District Thirteen, 63

Pownal (Vt.), District Fourteen, 15, 16, 25, 36, 39, 44, 57, 139, 171;

schoolhouse in, 62, 75, 89

Pownal, Bennington County (Vt.), only town of the State through which

the Hoosac River flows, 63, 116, 121, 133, 135, 188, 193, 213,

220, 236;

Oak Hill Cemetery, 141

Pownal Centre (Vt.), 27, 174, 191, 199, 200, 204;

road, 36, 41, 198.

_See_ Centre-of-the-Town

Pownal Pond (Vt.), 16, 27, 28, 31, 62, 84, 143, 176, 180;

glacial hills around, 68;

picnic grove, 143.

_See_ Perch Pond

Prince’s Pine, 24, 187

Prune or Plum, origin of names, 119

_Prunus Pennsylvanica_, 119

_Pteris aquilina_, 20, 195

Pudding Grass, 132

Puff-Balls, 151.

_See_ Polypores

=Purple-Fringed Orchises=, 65.

See _Orchis_ and _Habenaria grandiflora_, and _H. psycodes_

Purple-Stemmed Cliff-Brake, 188, 195

Purple Grackel, 237

Putnam Valley (N. Y.), 163;

swamp of, 164;

railroad, 164

_Pyrola rotundifolia_, 187

Q

Quaker Meeting-House (mentioned by Hawthorne), South Adams (Mass.),

214

Quaking ground, 64

=Queen of the Lady’s Slipper=, 6;

haunts, 68.

_See_ Moccasin-Flower, and _Cypripedium reginæ_

R

Rabbit Plain, 139, 171, 175

Rafinesque, botanist, quoted on the sight of fences, 65

Ragged Mountains, base of Mount Greylock (Mass.), 13, 111, 212, 215

_Ranunculaceæ_, 5, 171

=Ram’s-Head Cypripedium=, botanical description, 243.

_See_ Lady’s Slipper or Moccasin-Flower and _C. arietinum_

=Rattlesnake Plantain=, generic description, 269

Downy Rattlesnake Plantain, 270

Menzies’ Rattlesnake Plantain, 271

Small One-Sided or Net-Leaf Rattlesnake Plantain, 270

White-Blotched Rattlesnake Plantain, 272

Rattlesnake Swamp, Mount Œta (Vt.), 133, 139, 148, 175, 185, 186,

207, 211, 220;

Rattlesnake Ledge, 59, 133;

Lloyd Spring, 62;

polypores, 151

Ray, a little lad of my acquaintance, 49

Readsboro (Vt.), 224

Redmen, 14, 17

Reindeer Moss, 186

Revolving Stones, Pot-hole formations, 190.

_See_ Pot-holes

Rhododendron, Great, 6

_Rhodora Canadensis_, 6

_Rhus_, Poison, 35, 63

Richardson, Dr. John, quoted on Arctic Orchids (1823), 60

Richmond’s Farm, White Oaks, 183

Riverside, Williamstown (Mass.), 197

_Robinson’s Garden_, cited on name “Dead-Men’s-Thumbs,” 110

Rocking Boulders or Stones, origin of, 199

Rocky Hollow, base of the Dome, 115, 207;

road through, 208, 211

Rock Pinks, 157, 161, 165

Rose Family, 119

_Ros Solis_, ancient name for Sundew (1578), 194

Royal-Fern, 12

Rue-in-the-Wall, Spleenwort, 188, 200, 212

Ruffled Grouse, 174

Ruskin, John, quoted, 201

Ruta-Muraria, 194, 195.

_See_ Rue-in-the-Wall

S

Sabrina, 21

Saddleback Mountain, North Adams (Mass.), 11;

Hawthorne’s description of, 215;

Thoreau’s mention of sunrise, 219

Salt Meadows, New Haven (Conn.), 125;

New Jersey, 231, 237

_Sanguinaria Canadensis_, 164

Saratoga, hills of, 98;

battle of, 97

_Sarcodes sanguinea_, 165

_Sarracenia purpurea_, 32.

_See_ Pitcher Plant

Sassafras, 186

_Satyrion Erythronium_, ancient name of Dog’s-Tooth Lily, 126, 127,

128

_Satyrion Royall_, ancient name of Purple-Fringed Orchises, 110;

palmate roots of, 111;

perfume of, 111

Saucy Jays, 149

Schaghticoke (N. Y.), site of ancient Indian village, 218

Scudder, Dr. S. H., cited on fertilization of _Pogonia_, 94

Sedges, 187

_Selurus noveboracensis_, 177

_Senecio aureus_, 162

September, month of, 237;

dates, 9th, 213;

15th, 153

=Serapias= or =Orchis=, species of, known to Pliny (23-79, A.D.), 109

“Seven doctors,” characters of Hawthorne’s, 215

Shadberry bushes, 31, 119, 186, 202

Shadberry pies, 119

Shakespeare, quoted on name, “Long Purples,” 110

Sheep pastures, 138

Shin-Leaf, 187

Shin-Plasters, 102

Side-Saddle Flowers, 32;

origin of name, 65.

_See_ Pitcher Plant

Sierra Nevada Mountains, 165

Silkweed, Purple-Flowered, 234

Skipper, Captain, in memory of, 229

Skunk Cabbage, 20, 160, 164, 232

Slaves, Cabins of, 196

Smith, Miss Clara, Medford (Mass.), author of poem,

_Jack-in-the-Pulpit_, 160

Snails, agents in fertilization, 69

=Snake-Mouth=, 90;

=Pogonia=, 47, 87.

See _Pogonia_

Snakeroot, 47

Snakes, 161, 174

Snowberry, 6, 14, 187, 209

Snow-Plant, allied with Indian Pipes, 165

Snuff Hollow or Crow’s Nest, Notch Valley, 213

Solomon’s Seal, 20, 21, 100, 171, 187;

False, 232

Sori or Spores of Ferns, 192

South Adams (Mass.), 213, 223;

South Village, 214

_Spathyema fœtida_, 20

Spatter-Dock, 69.

_See_ Lily, Yellow Pond, or _Nymphæa_

Sphagnous swamps, 8, 68, 88

_Sphagnum_, a genus of peat-moss, 116, 142, 152

Spleenwort, 194;

Scott’s, 199;

Maiden-Hair, 161, 212

Spring Beauties, blossoms, 157

Spring water, necessity of marking springs, 203, 208, 211

Spruce trees, 117, 138, 187

Spuyten Duyvil Creek, 158, 166

Squash cultivation, 146

Squirrel-Corn, 131

St. Cloud, Orange Mountains, N. J., 234, 235

St. Jacob’s Dippers, 32, 65

St. John’s Wort, 187

St. Nicholas Avenue (N. Y. City), 158

Stamford Mountains (Vt.), 185, 210, 224;

Hollow, 224

_Standergrass, Royall_, 110

Stars-of-Bethlehem, 19, 41, 62

State Line, Massachusetts and Vermont, 76

State Street, North Adams (Mass.), 112, 212

Staten Island (N. Y. City), 235

Stevenson, R. L., quoted, 224

Stick-tights or Pitchforks, 164

Stolen Moccasins, 44

Stone, Silas, Tavern of, 197, 198

Stone walls, 143

Stone-Liverworts, 194

Strawberries, 73, 95, 210

Sugar-Loaves, or glacial hills, 168

Sumach, Poison, 35, 181;

autumn leaves of, 103, 237

Sundew, Round-Leaved-, 32, 187, 194;

cultivation of, 146;

name, 194

Sun-dial tablet, 228

Swamp Apple blossoms, 6, 168.

_See_ Azalea, Pink

Swamp Maples, 67, 181

Swamp of Oracles, District Fourteen, Pownal (Vt.), 8, 44, 55, 57, 72,

79, 81, 82, 133, 141, 167, 168, 171, 172, 175, 179, 198, 204

Swanton (Vt.), fossil marine shells found at, 204

Sweet Flag, 25, 161

=Sweet Pogonia=, 83, 259.

See _Pogonia_, 259

Symond’s Peak, Greylock’s Brotherhood (Mass.), 11

T

Taconic Mountains, heart of the, 9, 11, 12

_Tanacetum vulgare_, 238

Tansy-Weed, 238

Tennyson quoted, 110

_Thalesia uniflora_, 164

Theophrastus cited on origins of plant names, 117, 133, 169, 195

Thermopylæ, Pass of, 96

Thimble-Berry blossoms, 238

Thistles, 238

Thompson’s Brook, 75, 85, 88, 146, 187

Thompson Pond, base of the Dome, Pownal (Vt.), 27, 145

Thoreau, Henry D., quoted, 10, 11, 15, 26, 84, 102, 125, 137, 157,

167, 183, 203, 231, 235, 237;

admiration for the location of Williams College, 10, 11;

on walking, 38;

on Great Fringed Orchises, 105;

descriptive of Notch Valley region, North Adams (Mass.), 216, 217,

219;

ascent of Greylock, 216;

entertained at Wilbur’s Farm, 216;

possible origin of poem, _Rumors from an Æolian Harp_, 217;

supper of rice, on Greylock’s summit, 219

Thorne-Apple, 174

Thrush, 12, 130;

haunts of, 152;

songs of, 153;

nests of, 153;

species of true, 153

Golden-crowned thrush, 153

Hermit-thrush, 153

Veery-thrush, 153

Water thrush, habits, 177

Wood-thrush, 153

_Thuja occidentalis_, 118

Ticonderoga, conflicts at, 97

Timothy-Heads, Cat’s-Tail Grass, 85

=Tipularia=, generic description, 280

=T. unifolia=, specific description, 281

_Transcript_, the, North Adams (Mass.), cited, 121

Trespassing, law against, 232

_Trillium_, 157, 162

_T. cernuum_, 163

Painted Trillium, 14, 19, 44, 134, 141, 163, 172, 175

Purple Trillium, 20, 21, 142

Troy-on-the-Hudson, 218;

stages to, 198

Tulip mania, 136

Tulip-Tree, 234, 235

“Tunnel City” (North Adams, Mass.), 7

_Turdus_, 153.

_See_ Thrush

Turnovers, 117

Turtles, 129

=Twayblade, Lily-Leaved=, 162, 274.

See _Leptorchis_, 274

=Large Twayblade=, 274

=Loesel’s Twayblade= or =Fen Orchis=, 275

=Twayblade, Lister’s.=

See _Listera_, 267

=Auricled Twayblade.=

See _L. auriculata_, 268

=Broad-Lipped Twayblade=, 268

=Heart-Leaved Twayblade=, 269

Twin Cascades, Hoosac Tunnel Mountain, 222

_Typha_, 25

U

Umbrella-Fern, 199

Uncle Abe-the-Bunter, a local name for Abraham Parsons, 197

_Unifolium Canadense_, 20, 176

_Usnea_, 186

V

_Vaccinium_, 119, 159

_V. corymbosum_, 118

_V. Pennsylvanicum_, 118

_V. vacillans_, 118

_Vagnera stellata_, 21

_V. trifolia_, 21

Valerian, American, 47

V. European, 47

V. False, 162

Van Courtlandt Farm, 166;

Mansion, 163, 166, 202

Veery, 153.

_See_ Thrush

Venus-Hair Fern, 194, 195

Venus of classical literature, 58, 59

“=Venus Slippers=,” 34.

_See_ Lady’s-Slipper

_Veratrum viride_, 5, 47

_Verbascum Thapsus_, 238

Vermont, 10, 18, 40, 43

Virgil quoted, 119, 159

Virgin’s-Bower, 140

_Viola dens-canis_, 126.

_See_ Dog’s-Tooth Lily

_Viola_ or Violets, 5, 126, 130, 141, 165, 232;

origin of name, 159

_V. bicolor_, 159

_V. blanda_, 5, 159. Sweet White Violet

_V. Canadensis_, 159, 172, 208. Sweet Canada Violet

_V. pedata_, 157-159. Bird’s-foot Violet

_V. pubescens_, 157, 159. Downy Yellow Violet

_V. rotundifolia_, 158. Round-Leaved Violet

_Vitis cordifolia_, 181

W

Wake Robins, 5, 104;

Painted, 41;

Nodding, 163

Walden Farm, Notch Valley, 213, 214, 220

Walking, 3, 15, 75

Walking Fern, haunts, 4, 190, 191, 193, 198-200, 213, 228

Walloomsac River, Bennington (Vt.), 188, 202

Wall-Rue, Spleenwort Fern, 191, 192, 194

Wars, the French and Indian, 97

Washington (D. C.), 126

Washington Heights (N. Y. City), 158

Washoe Valley (Nevada), 165

Wash-Tub Brook, North Pownal (Vt.), 188, 190, 193

Water, pure drinking, 210, 214, 218, 219

Water-Cress, 162

Water Persicaria, 84

Weeping Rocks, or Gregor Rocks, 193

Welch Farm, Mount Œta, 139

Western Gateway of Hoosac Mountain, 13, 14

West Orange (N. J.), 231

Wentworth, Governor Benning, 198

West Peak, State Park, Meriden (Conn.), 129

West Rock, New Haven (Conn.), 4, 126, 129, 130, 158

Westville (Conn.), swamps of, 85, 125, 129, 130

Whale fossil discovered in Vermont, 204

Whig Tavern, North Adams (Mass.) (1838), 215

Whippoorwills, chorus of, 95, 96;

baby, 96, 175, 176, 205;

eggs and nest of, 175, 205;

habits of, 175, 176

Whippoorwill’s-Shoes, 206.

_See_ Moccasin-Flowers and _Cypripedium_

White Mountains (N. H.), 47, 214, 235

White Oaks, northern Berkshire (Mass.), region, 76, 121, 183, 197;

road, 120, 183, 196, 197, 207;

chapel, 196;

origin of name, 197

Whittier, J. G., quoted, on poem, _Jack-in-the-Pulpit_, 160;

_Mayflowers_, 24;

_Mabel Martin_, 39;

_Seeking of the Waterfall_, 15;

_Storm on Lake Asquam_, 72

Whortleberry, 119

Whorts of the 16th century, 120

Wilbur, Jeremiah, farm of, Notch Valley, northern Berkshire, 216, 220;

Thoreau’s ascent to Greylock through The Notch, 218

Wild Cat Express, Hoosac Valley, 120

Wild Hens, 174

Wildmont Cottage, Orange Mountains (N. J.), 232, 233

Wildwood or Tiger Lilies, 210

Williams, Orlando, Swamp, Orange Mountains (N. J.), 234

Williams College, Williamstown (Mass.), 76, 219;

Thoreau’s admiration of the location of, 10;

Baccalaureate Sunday, 70;

students, 70, 196;

sun-dial tablet, 228;

Museum, relics in, 228;

Library, 228.

Williamstown, Berkshire County (Mass.), 121

Willow Dell, North Adams (Mass.), 215

Willow Family, 23

Wilsey Lot, White Oaks, 184

Wintergreens, 23

Witch Hollow, Gulf Road, Pownal (Vt.), 16, 23, 56, 98, 138, 139, 188,

206;

orchids of, 108

Witt’s Ledge, North Adams (Mass.), 112

Wolf’s-Claw, 182

Wolfe, Dr., quoted, 222

Wood Betony, 165

Woodbine Family, 170

Woodbridge (Conn.), view of, 129

Woodchuck’s home, 177, 205

Woodmont (Conn.), 235

Woolly Moonshine, 237

Wormwood, 238

X

Xenocrates prescribed “Penny-Royall,” 132

Y

Yale, catnip for pussy, 132, 133

Yeomen of northern Berkshire (1777), 76

Yonkers (N. Y.), 157, 161

Z

Zoar (Mass.), Eastern Portal of Hoosac Tunnel, 224

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Intended to Assist in the Identification of Species Common in

the Eastern United States. By F. SCHUYLER MATHEWS, author of

“The Field Book of American Wild Flowers,” “Familiar Trees and

their Leaves,” “Familiar Features of the Roadside,” etc. 16ᵒ.

With 53 full-page illustrations (of which 38 are colored) and

numerous musical diagrams. Cloth, _net_, $2.00. Full flexible

leather, _net_, $2.50. (Postage 15 cts.)

_New York_ G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS _London_

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