coralloid branching roots. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= 1-3 ridged. =Sepals=
and =petals= equal; 1-3 nerved, lateral sepals united at the base with
the foot of the column, forming a short spur. =Flowers= several in a
terminal raceme, purplish, yellowish and white. =Anther= terminal,
operculate. =Pollinia= 4, in 2-pairs, free, soft and waxy. =Stem= or
=scape= 4-20 inches high. =Leaves= all reduced to scales. =Seed-capsule=
oblong, drooping when ripe.
_Continental Range_—In rich woodlands. From Alaska, southward to Florida;
westward to the Pacific region. There are about 15 species of this
strange genus in the north temperate zone of the world. These species
are destitute of green or any distinct form of foliage; their roots are
without form, assuming coral-like masses, which draw nourishment for the
plants from humus—the rich decay of dead roots and trees in the soil.
These plants are known as saprophytes or root parasites.
North American species north of Mexico 9
New England species 4
Hoosac Valley species 3
New England species:
1. _C. Corallorhiza_ (Linnæus) Karst, 1753-1880-1883.
2. _C. odontorhiza_ (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818.
3. _C. Wisteriana_ Conrad, 1829.
4. _C. multiflora_ Nuttall, 1823.
1.—CORALLORHIZA CORALLORHIZA (Linnæus) Karst, 1753-1880-1883
EARLY CORAL-ROOT
The specific name, _Corallorhiza_, refers to the coral-like roots of the
species and genus.
Scapose rich woodland orchid, with coral-like roots. May 11th-June
28th-July 12th-August 5th (North) September-October (South). A vernal
orchid, North, and an autumnal species in Georgia. The dates of flowering
for the _Corallorhizas_ are variable and not standard.
=Flowers=, 3-12 in a raceme 1-3 inches long, dull purple, about ½ inch
long on short, minutely bracted pedicels. =Labellum= whitish, oblong,
2-toothed, shorter than petals, spur a small protuberance adnate to the
summit of ovary. =Sepals= and =petals= narrow. =Stem= or =scape=, 4-12
inches high. =Leaves= reduced to 2-5 sheathing scales. =Seed-capsule=
drooping.
_Continental Range_—from Greenland, and Kotzebue Sound, Unalaska,
southward throughout Canada to Georgia; westward to Washington and
Oregon. Ascends 7600 feet in Yellowstone Park, where it is rather common.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, common; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut,
infrequent.
2.—CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818
SMALL-FLOWERED CORAL-ROOT—DRAGON-CLAW—LATE CORAL-ROOT—CRAWLEY-ROOT
The specific name, _odontorhiza_, comes from the Greek, _odons_, a tooth,
and _rhiza_, a root, referring to the tooth-like shape of the coralloid
roots.
Small slender woodland orchid, with coral-like masses of roots.
February-March-May (South); July-August-September 6th-October 15th
(North).
=Flowers=, 6-20, purplish, in raceme 2-4 inches long. =Labellum= oval,
denticulate, narrowed at base; not notched, whitish; =spur= small, adnate
to top of ovary. =Sepals= and =petals= lanceolate, marked with purple
lines. =Stem= sheathed with 3-4 scales, 6-15 inches high. Confused with
_C. Corallorhiza_ northward.
_Continental Range_—From Ontario, Canada; Halifax, Nova Scotia, southward
to Alabama, Florida, and Texas; westward to Illinois and Indiana. Ascends
3000 feet in North Carolina.
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare;
Massachusetts, Cole’s Grove, Williamstown (Cheney), rare; Rhode Island,
rare; Connecticut, frequent.
3.—CORALLORHIZA WISTERIANA Conrad, 1829[88]
WISTER’S CORAL-ROOT
The specific name, _Wisteriana_, refers to the dedication of this species
in honor of the botanist Wister.
Slender woodland orchid, with coral-branching roots. March 1st, Florida
(Curtiss); Alabama, February-May.
=Flowers= whitish, 6-15, in spiked raceme 2-5 inches long; pedicels,
erect and slender. =Labellum= broad and oval, white, clawed, with spots
of crimson; notched at apex, differing in this from _C. odontorhiza_,
which is not notched at the apex, but projects acutely; =spur= a
conspicuous protuberance adnate to top of the ovary. =Stem= 8-16 inches
high. =Leaves= reduced to several sheathing scales. =Seed-capsule= oblong
drooping, when ripe.
_Continental Range_—From Massachusetts southward to Florida and Texas;
westward to Ohio, taking much the same range, and flowering at the same
time as _C. odontorhiza_.
_New England Range_—Massachusetts, rare.
4.—CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA Nuttall, 1823
SPOTTED LARGE CORAL-ROOT
The specific name, _multiflora_, refers to the multiplying of both
flowers and plants in many stations.
Tall woodland orchid, with large masses of coralloid roots. May
(Canada)-June 20th-July (Maine); August 14th (Massachusetts); September
15th (Connecticut).
=Flowers=, 10-30, brownish-purple, in spiked raceme 2-8 inches long;
pedicels short; flowers ½-¾ inch long. =Labellum= white, spotted with
purple, oval deeply 3-lobed, central lobe broad; side lobes narrow, apex
curved. Spur manifest. =Sepals= and =petals= linear-lanceolate. =Stem=
2-20 inches high, purplish. =Leaves= reduced to several appressed scales.
=Seed-capsule= oblong, drooping when ripe.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, southward to Florida;
westward to California. Ascends 2500 feet altitude in Montana (Tweedy).
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare;
Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, frequent.
[Illustration: =The Coral-Root.= (_Corallorhiza._)]
XIII
Tipularia[89]
Nuttall, 1818
CRANE-FLY ORCHIS
The generic name, _Tipularia_, refers to the flowers resembling insects
of genus _Tipula_.
Slender scapose orchids, with solid bulbous roots; several bulbs,
or generations connected by offsets. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= 3-lobed
produced into a long spur backwardly. =Sepals= and =petals= similar,
spreading. =Flowers= in a long, loose terminal raceme. =Anther= terminal,
operculate, 2-celled. =Pollinia=, 4, 2 in each anther-sac, ovoid, waxy,
separate, affixed to short stipe, glandular at base. =Stem= 15-20 inches
high. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising in autumn, about September 14th, hyemal
after the flowering-scape has perished. =Seed-capsule= ½ inch long,
6-ribbed.
_Continental Range_—From Brattleboro and Bellows Falls, Vermont, to New
Jersey, Alabama, and Florida; westward to Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana.
Rare in sandy woods. There are but two known species reported for the
world, the following, and another, native of Asia, in the Himalayan
region. The American species is slightly distinguished from the Asiatic
form by the blunt tip of its labellum.
North American species north of Mexico 1
New England species 1
Hoosac Valley species 0
New England species:
1. _T. unifolia_ (Muhlenberg) B. S. P., 1813-1888.
1.—TIPULARIA UNIFOLIA (Muhlenberg) B. S. P., 1813-1888[90]
(_Tipularia discolor_, Nuttall, 1818)
CRANE-FLY ORCHIS
The specific name, _unifolia_, refers to the 1 leaf produced by this
orchid.
Alert, small moist sandy woodland or rocky hillside orchid, with solid
irregular bulb or corm-like roots. Late July-August-October.
=Flowers= green, tinged with purple, ⅓-¼ inch long, in a loose raceme,
5-10 inches long; pedicels filiform, bractless. =Labellum= 3-lobed,
central lobe narrow, prolonged, dilated at apex, side-lobes short and
triangular. =Spur= straight, slender, twice as long as sepals and petals,
giving an insectean poise to the dull flowers. =Sepals= and =petals=
narrow. =Stem= 15-20 inches high. =Leaf= 1, basal, reddish-purple,
strongly veined; arising from solid bulb, about September 14th, hyemal.
=Seed-capsule= ½ inch long, 6-ribbed.
_Continental Range_—From southern Vermont, New Hampshire, southward to
Florida and Alabama; westward to Michigan and Indiana. More abundant
South. Nowhere common.
_New England Range_—Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, rare.
XIV
Limodorum
Linnæus, 1753
(_Calopogon_ R. Brown, 1813)
GRASS-PINK—MEADOW-GIFT
The generic name, _Limodorum_, comes from the Greek, signifying a
meadow-gift.
Scapose orchids with solid bulbous roots. =Anther= 1. =Labellum=, hinged,
arching above, and spreading; raised on a narrow stalk, dilated at the
apex, bearded on the upper side with long club-shaped hairs. =Sepals=
and =petals= nearly alike, separate and spreading. =Flowers= fragrant,
pink-purple, 3-15 in a loose terminal raceme, seed-capsule (ovary)
straight. =Anther= terminal, operculate, and sessile. =Pollinia= 2, 1
in each anther-sac, loosely granular. =Stem= or =scape= straight, not
twisting as usual in other orchids, 1-1½ foot high. =Leaf= 1, grass-like
blade, appearing first season, and followed next year by scape of
flowers. =Seed-capsule= erect, oblong, and straight.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, Canada, southward to Florida;
westward to Minnesota and Arkansas. There are 4 species of this beautiful
genus endemic only to the Atlantic region.
A peculiar character of this genus lies in the ovary and stem being
straight, causing thereby the labellum to arch above instead of drooping
below the organs of fertilization, as instanced in _Orchis_ and
_Cypripedium_. Seedlings appear numerous in many swamps.
North American species north of Mexico 4
New England species 1
Hoosac Valley species 1
New England species:
1. _L. tuberosum_ Linnæus, 1753.
(_Calopogon pulchellus_ R. Brown, 1813)
1.—LIMODORUM TUBEROSUM Linnæus, 1753
(_Calopogon pulchellus_ R. Brown, 1813)
GRASS-PINK—MEADOW-GIFT
The specific name, _tuberosum_, refers to the tuberous or bulbous roots
of this orchid.
Beautiful grassy sphagnous meadow orchid, with bulbous roots. May
15th-June 1st-July 20th-August 1st.
=Flowers=, 3-15 pink-purple, 1 inch long, subtended by acute bracts in
spiked raceme 4-15 inches long. =Labellum= hinged, arching above, owing
to ovary and stem being straight; broad, triangular at apex; bearded on
the upper side with yellow, orange, and rose-colored club-shaped hairs.
=Sepals= and =petals= acute, ovate-lanceolate, similar in texture and
color. =Stem= or =scape= 1-1½ feet high. =Leaf= 1, linear-lanceolate,
8-12 inches long, grass-like with several scales below. =Seed-capsule=
straight, erect, oblong.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia to the shores of Lake
Huron, southward throughout New England to Florida; westward to western
Texas and Minnesota.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, common; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut, common.
[Illustration: =The Grass-Pink.= (_Limodorum tuberosum._)
A beautiful grassy-leaved orchid found in company with the dainty Rose
Pogonia, and frequently with the rarer Arethusa in wild cranberry
marshes.]
XV
Aplectrum
Nuttall, 1818[91]
PUTTY-ROOT—ADAM-AND-EVE
The generic name, _Aplectrum_, comes from the Greek meaning without a
spur.
Scapose orchids with bulb or corm-like roots. =Anther= 1. =Labellum=
3-lobed, shorter than petals. =Sepals= and =petals= about ½ inch long.
=Flowers= without a spur, dull yellowish-brown in a loose raceme.
=Anther= borne a little below the summit of column. =Pollinia= 4,
lens-shaped. =Stem= or =scape= 1-2 feet high. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising
from side of scape; several corms adhering to latest bulb; leaf develops
in late autumn, about September 9th, hyemal; several sheathing scales
above. =Seed-capsule= oblong, ovoid, angled.
_Continental Range_—From Ontario, southward to Georgia and Alabama;
westward to Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and probably in
northern California. Rather rare and local.
North American species north of Mexico 2
New England species 1
Hoosac Valley species 0
New England species:
1. _A. spicatum_ (Walter) B. S. P., 1788-1888.
1.—APLECTRUM SPICATUM (Walter) B. S. P., 1788-1888[92]
(_Aplectrum hyemale_ Nuttall, 1818)
PUTTY-ROOT—ADAM-AND-EVE[93]
The specific name, _spicatum_, refers to the flowers growing in a
_spica_, or spike.
Tall, spiked damp sandy woodland or bogland orchid, with bulbous or
corm-like roots. May 22d-July 1st (Northern States); April 20th-July 1st
(Southern States).
=Flowers=, 1-9 dull yellowish-brown, mixed with purple, 1 inch long,
short-pediceled, in a loose raceme 2-4 inches long. =Labellum=
shorter than petals, 3-lobed. =Sepals= and =petals= ½ inch long,
linear-lanceolate. =Stem= or =scape= 1-2 feet high, producing 3 scales
above the leaf. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising at side of scape, from the
latest bulb or corm; elliptic, 4-6 inches long, appearing about September
9th, hyemal—lasting through the winter.
_Continental Range_—From Ontario, southward to Georgia and Alabama;
westward to Minnesota, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and probably California.
This species, like those of _Corallorhiza_, is not a definite dated
flowering orchid; in the Virginian ravines it blooms as early as April
20th while in Wisconsin, and Missouri it blooms as late as July 1st. The
average date for New England is from May 22d-June 25th.
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare;
Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rare.
TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS.
ENGLISH METRIC.
1½ inch (1″) = 2 millimetres (mm.).
1 inch (1′) = 2.5 centimetres (cm.).
1 foot (1°) = 3 decimetres (dm.).
[Illustration: =Epiphytes, or Air Plants. A Corner in the Orchid House of
the Botanical Gardens of New York City.=]
FOOTNOTES
[1] Thoreau, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_, p. 244.
[2] Thoreau, “Walking,” _Excursions_, p. 252.
[3] Burroughs, _A Year in the Fields_.
[4] Milton, _Comus_.
[5] Whittier, _The Mayflowers_.
[6] Thoreau, _The Maine Woods_, p. 34.
[7] L. H. Bailey, Jr., _Talks Afield_, p. 128. 1885.
[8] Thoreau, “Walking,” _Excursions_, p. 252.
[9] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, Plate 8, 1894.
[10] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, p. 38, 1894.
[11] Henry Baldwin’s _Orchids of New England_, p. 37, 1884.
[12] Thomas Wentworth Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 47.
[13] Gray, _Fertilization of Orchids, in Sill. Journ. 1862-1863_.
[14] C. A. Crandall, _Plant World_, p. 6. Jan., 1900.
[15] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 284. 1895.
[16] _Ibid._, p. 291.
[17] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 292. 1895.
[18] _Ibid._
[19] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, pp. 285-286. 1895.
[20] Thomas Wentworth Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 17.
[21] John Richardson, M.D., _Bot. Appendix, Report of Franklin’s
Journey_, 2d ed., p. 34, 1823.
[22] Dr. F. Kurtz, _List of Alaskan Orchids_, Expedition 1882.
[23] A. W. Driggs, _Catalogue Plants of Connecticut_, p. 19. 1901.
[24] F. F. Le Moyne, _Garden and Forest_, 3: 1890.
[25] T. W. Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 21.
[26] Thoreau, _Summer_, p. 198.
[27] _Ibid._, p. 347.
[28] Thoreau, _Summer_, p. 347.
[29] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 226. 1895.
[30] Thomas Meehan, _The Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States_,
p. 104. 2: 1878.
[31] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 284. 1895.
[32] Dr. S. H. Scudder, _Proc. Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston_, 9: 1863.
[33] Thoreau, _Summer_, pp. 84-85. 1884.
[34] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, p. 156. 1578.
[35] Lyte’s translation of Dodoens’ _History of Plants_, pp. 161-162 (1
ed., 1578).
[36] Bryant, _The Gladness of Nature_.
[37] _Vacinium_ comes from _Baccinium_, and was derived from
_Baccæ_—Dodoens, _Hist. Pl._, 1578.
[38] Clipping from _The Transcript_, North Adams, Mass., Feb., 1900.
[39] F. H. Blodgett, _The Plant World_, p. 52, March, 1902.
[40] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, 1578.
[41] _Ibid._
[42] Milton, _Lycidas_.
[43] Milton, _L’Allegro_.
[44] _The Plant World_, July, 1900; February, 1901; September, 1902;
November, 1902.
[45] Dr. Rembert Dodoens, _History of Plants_, Lyte’s Trans., 1st ed., p.
119. 1578.
[46] Bryant, _To a Mosquito_.
[47] Hawthorne’s _American Notes_.
[48] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, p. 290. 1578.
[49] T. B. Aldrich, _Bluebells of New England_.
[50] Thoreau, _Maine Woods_, p. 300.
[51] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, September 9, 1838.
[52] Hawthorne, _Ethan Brand_.
[53] Thoreau, Tuesday, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_.
[54] Thoreau, Tuesday, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_.
[55] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, August 31, 1838.
[56] Dr. T. F. Wolfe, _Literary Shrines_, 173, 1895.
[57] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, July 31, 1838.
[58] _Ibid._
[59] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, July 31, 1838.
[60] Burroughs, _Riverby_.
[61] Bryant, _The Painted Cup_.
[62] Thoreau, _Letters_. To Sophia Thoreau, May 22, 1843.
[63] Bryant, _To the Fringed Gentian_.
[64] Former generic designations, now antedated.
[65] Genera not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[66] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although reported for
Connecticut.
[67] Nicholson’s _Ill. Dict. and Gard. Ency. Hort. Gard. Kew_, 1887.
[68] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[69] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[70] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, but should be looked
for wherever _H. hyperborea_ grows.
[71] A. L. Andrews, _Rhodora_, 4:79-81, 1902.
[72] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[73] A. L. Andrews, _Rhodora_, 4: 79-81, 1902.
[74] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[75] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[76] Species doubtfully reported for the Hoosac Valley region, although
native of Vermont.
[77] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[78] Species doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although
native of Massachusetts.
[79] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Massachusetts.
[80] Genus doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native
of Vermont.
[81] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[82] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
northern New England.
[83] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
northern New England.
[84] Genus not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[85] Salisbury, _Pard. Lond._, pl. 89. 1807.
[86] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, 93. 1894.
[87] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[88] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Massachusetts.
[89] Genus not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[90] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[91] Genera not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[92] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of
Vermont.
[93] The common name, Putty-Root, arose from the putty-like consistency
of the adhesive substance of the old corms or bulbs; used to mend broken
china. The name Adam-and-Eve originated with the colored folk in Georgia
and Alabama. The bulbs are not disagreeable to eat if baked, and many
confess to be fond of them. The colored people in the South are said to
wear these bulbs as amulets, and attribute great favor to them in casting
lots. By separating the offsets, they designate them Adam-and-Eve, as the
rule may be, and placing them in a bowl of water decide their good or ill
fortune in obtaining work, or a lover, according as Adam or Eve “pops up.”
INDEX
A
_Abies balsamea_, origin of name, 118.
_See_ Balsam-Fir
=Achroanthes=, generic description, 272
=A. monophylla=, specific description, 273
=A. unifolia=, specific description, 273;
haunts of, 104, 108
_Acorus Calamus_, 25, 161
Adams, George, shanty of, 197
Æolian Glen, Bellows-Pipe, 217, 220;
harps of, 12, 153
Æolus, Mount (Dorset Mountains) (Vt.), of Taconic origin, 142
Agriculture, Department of (Washington, D. C.), 125
Ague Tree, 186
Aiton’s _Catalogue of Plants_, 37
Albinos of =Cypripedium acaule=, 147, 148;
of =Cypripedium reginæ=, 61, 137, 184
Alder, Speckled or Hoary, 23, 31
Allen, Grant, quoted, 53
_Allium_, 172
Alpine Blossoms of the Dome, 201
Amanita, 184
_Amelanchier Canadensis_, 119
Amidon’s Farm, 41, 174, 198;
woods of, 98;
pines of, 134, 135, 138
_Anaphalis margaritacea_, 237
_Andromeda_, 6
Anemones, 5, 171, 232
Anthony, Mount, Bennington (Vt.), 86, 97, 188, 204
_Antrostomus Carolinensis_, 205.
_See_ Chuck-Will’s-Widow
_Antrostomus vociferus_, 205.
_See_ Whippoorwill
=Aplectrum=, generic description, 283
=A. spicatum=, specific description, 284
_Aquilegia_, origin of name, 168, 169
_A. Canadensis_, 168
Arbor Vitæ, American, 118, 189
Arbutus, Trailing, 14, 24, 104, 121, 133, 187;
days for, 133, 139
_Arctostaphylos pungens_, 165.
_See_ Manzanita
_Arctomys monax_, 177.
_See_ Woodchuck’s home
=Arethusa=, generic description, 262
=A. bulbosa=, specific description, 262;
haunts of, 89, 90, 187
Arethusa’s Fountain or Spring, 31, 72, 88, 142
_Arisæma triphyllum_, 21, 160
_Arnica acaulis_, 235
Arrow-Head, 64
_Artemisia Absinthium_, 238
Arum, 160
_Asarum Canadense_, 179
_Asclepias tuberosa_, 234
Ashuilticook, South Branch, Hoosac River, 13, 112, 214, 223
_Asplenium_, 194, 195
_A. ebenoides_, 199
_A. platyneuron_, 199
_A. Ruta-Muraria_, 191
Atlantic Region of North America, 60, 131, 153
_Atragene Americana_, 140
August, month of, 105, 140, 165, 231, 237;
excursions, 7th, 224;
16th, 222
Aurora’s Bog, 6, 8, 17, 20, 49, 59;
hill of, 112, 133
Aurora’s Lake, 5, 14, 89, 114, 177
Autumn flowers (N. J.), 237;
Hoosac Valley, 237
Azalea, Pink, 31, 141, 157, 162, 168, 175, 176
_A. nudiflora_, 6
B
Bailey, L. H., Jr., quoted, 32
Bald Mountain (Mass.), 11
Baldwin, Henry, quoted, 40, 41, 42
Ball Brook, wanderings of, 15, 25, 27, 36, 55, 72, 75, 86, 141, 172,
179, 181, 202, 204
Ball Farm, 22, 75, 141, 146, 198
Balsam-Fir tree, 202;
resinous blisters of, 118, 202
Balsam-Weed, 237
Barber’s Mill, 31, 63, 87, 179
Bear Berry, 21
Bear Swamp, 208
Beaver Dam, last evidences of the, 229
Beaver, The, North Adams (Mass.), 224
Bedford Park (N. Y. City), 161
Beecher, Henry Ward, quoted, 201
Bellows-Pipe, Notch Valley, Hoosac Highlands, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220;
Indian’s legend of, 217, 218.
_See_ Notch Valley
Bennington (Vt.), 37, 204;
battle of, 11, 76;
county of, 15, 85, 86;
hill of, 27, 86, 201;
road to Boston (Mass.), from, 76;
rebellion of the Green Mountain Boys of, 97
Berkshire, northern (Mass.), 57, 121, 214;
“Beautiful Berkshire,” 5;
boglands of, 114;
highlands of, 133, 222;
natural features of, 225;
valleys of, 214
Bertram, a character of Hawthorne’s, 215
_Bicuculla Canadensis_, 131
_B. Cucullaria_, 131
_B. eximia_, 131
Birch Family, 149
Birch woods, 57, 138, 186
Bird’s-Foot Violet, origin of name of, 159
Birds, songs of, 130, 133, 202;
rare nests of, 154;
of the Dome, 210
Bitter-Buttons, 238
Blackberry bushes, 112, 211, 237
Black Spruce, Dwarf, 117
Bleeding Heart, 131
Blodgett, F. H., quoted on origin of Dog’s-Tooth Violet, 126
Bloodroot, 164
Bluebells of New England, 192, 195, 238
Blueberry, Dwarf Low, 117, 118, 119
Bluets, 4, 126, 232
Bobolink, notes of the, 95, 167;
nest of the, 96
Bonny, Old, 38
Boots, waterproof, 103, 113;
hob-nailed, 213
Boston (Mass.), 7, 47, 94
Botanizing outfit, 62
Boulders, 9, 112, 189, 199, 213, 227
Boxberry, 24
Brakes, 12, 20, 68, 103, 112, 163
Brattleboro (Vt.), 204
Briar-roses, 187, 236
Broad Brook, 197;
forks of, 76, 184, 185;
valley of, 184, 185, 210
Bronx Park (N. Y. City), 20, 158, 159, 167, 172
Brooklyn Bridge (N. Y. City), 231
Broom-Rape Family, 164
Bryant, William Cullen, quoted, 62, 95, 112, 115, 182, 214, 235, 238
Buckbean, 26, 67, 70, 180
Buckwheat Family, 84
Bull-frogs, 63, 182
Burlington (Vt.), 40, 41
Burroughs, John, quoted, 3, 17, 154, 233
Butter-and-Eggs, 235
Butterflies, 130
Butterfly Polypores, 153, 186
Butterfly-Weed, Orange, 234
Butternut Lane, 138