---- tax, i, 435-37.
---- by capture, so called, i, 55, 56, 57, 156-79;
existing with purchase, 179-84.
---- by exchange, i, 185, 186.
---- by purchase, i, 55, 56, 57, 58;
McLenan's theory, 85;
history of, 179-201;
surviving with free contract, 210-23;
by gifts, 218, 219.
---- by service, i, 186-89.
(_See_ Family, Divorce.)
Married Women's Property Act, English, ii, 116.
Marsh, Mrs. Job: last bride stolen in Hadley, ii, 141.
Marshall, Stephen, i, 417.
Marshall, W. E.: on the Todas, i, 81-83.
Martene, E.: his _De ritibus_ cited, i, 287, 293, 295 n. 5, 297 n.
1, 300 and n. 2, 301 n. 2, 307 and n. 1, 308.
Martial: on divorce, ii, 18, note.
Martins, C. F. Ph. v.: on marriage by service in Brazil, i, 186.
Maryland, the colony: slave baptisms in, ii, 221;
optional civil marriage and rise of obligatory religious marriage,
239-47;
separate alimony, not divorce, granted, 371-74;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 172.
---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 414, 415;
witnesses, 423;
marriage of freedmen, 426;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433-35;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
has dual system of banns or license, 444;
license, by whom issued, 447;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449;
Quakers keep records of their marriages, 451;
legislative divorce, iii, 31-35;
judicial divorce, 55-57;
remarriage, 80;
residence, 86;
process, 89;
rejects common-law marriage, 180;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.
Maskell, W.: his _Monumenta_ cited, 1, 284 n. 1, 297 n. 1, 288, 301
n. 2, 304, notes, 305 n. 2, 307, notes, 311 n. 4, 312 n. 1.
Mason, O. T.: quoted, i, 250.
Masson, D.: on Quaker marriages, ii, 316.
Massachusetts, the colony and province: county courts of, had equity
jurisdiction, ii, 125 n. 1;
influence of theocracy in, 125;
first law regarding marriage celebration, 133;
commissioners to join in marriage, 133, 134, notes;
rise of religious marriage, 138 and n. 4, 195;
treatment of single persons, 154-57;
of married persons living apart, 158-61;
laws governing courtship, 164, 165;
these laws executed by the courts, 165, 166;
scarlet letter for adultery, 174-76;
for incest, 177, 178;
pre-contract, 179;
espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;
bundling, 183, 184;
cases of fornication before marriage, 186 n. 3;
breach of promise suits, 200-203;
clandestine marriages, 210, 211;
forbidden degrees, 212-15;
slave marriages, 216-26;
divorce during first charter, 330-39;
during second charter, 339-48;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 173.
---- the state: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 389, 390;
unauthorized celebration, 395;
age of parental consent to marriage, 396, 397;
law forbidding miscegenation repealed, 399;
survival of optional system of banns or posting, 402;
certificate and record, 403, 404;
return, 405, 406;
collection and record of statistics, 406, 407;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 4-10;
remarriage, 18;
Putnam v. Putnam, 19, 20;
residence, 22, 23;
notice, 27;
alimony, 29, 30;
rejects common-law marriage, 178, 179;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198;
what justices may solemnize marriages, ii, 390;
iii, 190;
divorce rate, 209, 212 n. 1;
marriage rate, 215.
Maternal system of kinship: Westermarck on, i, 18;
later than paternal, according to Starcke, 18;
rejected for Indo-Germanic peoples by recent writers, 19, 20;
Dargun on, 20-23;
whether among Bomans, 32 n. 1;
Bachofen's view, 40, 41;
as evidence of promiscuity, 48;
Morgan's theory, 66;
McLennan's theory, 77-79;
the problem of, 107-17.
Mather, Cotton: cited, ii, 170, 179 n. 2.
Mather, Increase: on Vanderbosk, ii, 137 n. 3;
against marriage with sister-in-law, 213.
Matriarchate: works on, i, 37, 38;
distinguished from mother-right, 44-46;
Hellwald on, 60;
Grosse on, 60, 61.
Matthew, St.: on divorce, ii, 19, 20, 21, 24.
Maule, Justice: on injustice of the system of parliamentary divorce,
ii, 108, 109.
Mayas: marriage by service among, i, 186.
Mayfair: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.
Megapolensis, Dominie, ii, 291 n. 4, 378.
Meister _v._ Moore, iii, 178.
Mejer, O.: cited, ii, 65, notes, 171 n. 3.
Melanchthon, Philip: his liberal views on divorce, ii, 65;
favors death or exile for adultery, 66 and n. 5;
inclines to concubinage rather than allow full divorce, 71.
Melanesians: wife-capture among, i, 159;
free betrothal, 214.
Mentzer, B.: on divorce, ii, 68.
_Mercatio_: bride-price among West Goths, i, 265 n. 1.
Metellus; the Macedonian: sentiment of, regarding marriage, ii, 17.
Metrocracy, i, 44 n. 1.
Meurer, C.: on divorce jurisdiction, ii, 71 n. 1.
Mexico, ancient: only the rich in, had plurality of wives, i, 146
n. 1.
Meyrick, F.: on benediction, i, 293 n. 3, 295 n. 5, 296 n. 1, 294
n. 3;
marriage in church, 295 n. 6;
on sentiment of early theologians regarding marriage, 328, 329;
on forbidden degrees, 352, 353.
Michaelis, J. D.: on Hebrew parental authority, i, 17 n. 5.
Michigan: marriage celebration in, ii, 461, 462;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent to marriage, 472;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
allows miscegenation, 479;
marriages of persons tainted by certain diseases restrained, 479;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
state registration, 494;
legislative divorce, iii, 96;
judicial divorce, 120-22;
remarriage, 147, 148;
residence, 154, 155;
intervention of prosecuting attorney in divorce suits, 159;
divorce statistics, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 210, 211.
Micronesians: punishment of adultery among, i, 106 n. 4;
free courtship, 214.
Middlesex county, Mass.: cases of pre-nuptial incontinence, with
confessions and penalties, ii, 189, 190, 193, 194.
Mielziner, M.: on Jewish marriage law, ii, 152 n. 2, 199 and n. 5;
the Jewish "Get," ii, 13 n. 4.
Migration for divorce, iii, 205, 206.
Milford _v._ Worcester, iii, 178, 179.
Mill, J. S.: on marriage rate, iii, 213, 214;
cited on individualism, 225 n. 1;
on woman's callings, 241;
effects of her subjection, 245 n. 2.
Mill, Mrs. J. S.: cited, iii, 239, note, 245, 247 n. 2.
Millenary Petition, i, 398, 414 n. 3, 415.
Milton, John: on Bucer, i, 411 n. 2;
the corruption of the ecclesiastical courts, 414 n. 1;
civil marriage, 433, 434;
_porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1;
characterizes Gratian and Peter Lombard, 52 n. 1;
rejects divorce _a mensa_, 61 n. 2;
use of allegorical method, 61 n. 3;
analysis of his views on divorce, 85-92;
his conception of wedlock realized in New England colonies, 127;
divorce by mutual consent, iii, 251.
Minahassers of Celebes: free courtship among, i, 215.
Minnesota: marriage celebration in, ii, 462, 463, 465;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void or voidable marriages, 475-78;
marriage of epileptic and imbecile restrained, 480;
license, 486, 487;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
state registration, 495;
legislative divorce, iii, 97;
judicial divorce, 124, 125;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 155;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.
Ministers as celebrants of marriage: defects in the present laws
regarding, iii, 186-89.
Miscegenation: forbidden in Maine and formerly in Rhode Island and
Massachusetts, ii, 398, 399;
in the southern and southwestern states, 438-40;
middle and western states, 478, 479;
law of Massachusetts colony on, 218;
of Maryland colony, 244;
North Carolina colony, 253.
Mishnah: on divorce, ii, 13 n. 4, 14.
Mississippi: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
license essential to valid marriage, 425;
marriage a civil contract, 427;
age of parental consent, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433, 434;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;
license system, 447;
license bond, 448;
return 449, 450;
legislative divorce, iii, 38, 39;
judicial divorce, 64-66;
remarriage, 83;
residence, 85, 86;
process, 89;
rejects common-law marriage, 180, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
Missouri: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
a civil contract, 427;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433;
void or voidable marriages, 435, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;
original triple system of banns, notice, or license, 443;
present system, 447;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449, 450;
celebrant's record, 451;
legislative divorce, iii, 38;
judicial divorce, 66-68;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 87;
process, 89;
guilty wife forfeits dower, 94, 95;
common-law marriage, 176;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198.
Mohammedans.
(_See_ Islam, Arabs.)
Möllendorff, P. J. v.: on divorce in China, i, 236 and n. 1.
Moloch, the Carthaginian, i, 51.
Monogamic family: according to Morgan, i, 70;
among animals, 96, 97;
always the typical form, 150, 222, 223; iii, 224.
Monogamy: hetairistic, i, 56-58;
among lower animals, 96, 97;
the rule among Veddahs and American aborigines, 142, 143 and n. 1;
among Mohammedans, 142;
monogamy the typical form of sexual life, 150;
iii, 224, 225.
Montana: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 465;
marriage by declaration, 467;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
requisites for legal marriage, 469;
definition 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 98;
judicial divorce, 138, 139;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.
Moore, G. H.: on slavery in Massachusetts, ii, 217, 221, 222, 223,
224-26.
Morgan, H. D.: on _porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1.
Morgan, Lewis H.: his works, i, 34, 65 n. 4;
works on, 36, 76 n. 3;
his constructive theory analyzed, 65-70;
criticism of his theory, 70-76;
his _Systems of Consanguinity_, 66, 67;
his five stages in evolution of the family and marriage,
67-70;
on origin of aversion to close intermarriage, 122;
on polygyny, 150.
Morganatic or "left-hand" marriages, i, 255, 256.
Morning-gift, i, 269 and n. 2.
Morocco: divorce in, i, 241, 243 n. 3, 244 n. 2.
Morong, i, 36.
Morris, W., and Bax, E. B.: their views on the family, iii, 230,
231.
Morton, Charles: solemnizes first religious marriage in Charlestown,
ii, 138 n. 1.
Mosquito Indians: symbolical rape among, i, 166, 167.
Mother-group, of Hellwald, i, 58-60, 102 n. 1.
Mother-right: discussion of, i, 33-89;
authorities on, 33-38;
Bachofen's view, 40-43;
distinguished from gynocracy, 44-46;
definition, 44 n. 1;
according to Hellwald, 60, 61;
according to Grosse, 60-63;
relation of totemism to, 74;
the problem of, 110-17.
Moxos: divorce among, i, 239.
Mucke, J. R.: his _Horde und Familie_, i, 37, 63-65, 71;
on alleged advantages of close intermarriage, 130 n. 2.
Muirhead, J. H.: quoted, iii, 230;
on educated women and maternity, 244, 245.
Müller, Max: his _Sacred Books of the East_, i, 4, 5;
on maternal family, 20 and n. 2.
Mulford, E.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.
_Mund_: Kohler and others on, i, 256;
its relation to betrothal, 260 and n. 1, 261.
Mundingos, the African: divorce among, i, 226 n. 3.
_Muntschatz_, or bride-price, i, 259 n. 3.
Murdoch, John: on Point Barrow natives, i, 143 n. 1, 187 n. 3, 212
n. 3;
free divorce among, 227, 228 and n. 1.
Muscovy: wife-capture in, i, 159.
Muskogees: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.
Mylitta, i, 51.
Nairs: polyandry among, i, 80, 81.
Nantes, Council of: enforces doctrine of indissolubility, ii, 39.
Naquet, A.: quoted, iii, 168 n. 2; cited, 216 n. 4.
Natchez: effects of divorce among, i, 242;
divorce rare, 247 n. 6.
Natural selection: produces exogamy, i, 131;
also polyandry, 136;
and sex of offspring, 138, 139;
its relation to sexual selection, 202, 206.
Naumann, F.: on religious duty of child-bearing, iii, 255 n. 1.
Navajo: bride-price among, i, 193;
divorce, 239.
Nebraska: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 479;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 97;
judicial divorce, 129;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 157;
notice, 158;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.
Nevada: marriage celebration in, ii, 463, 464, 465;
witnesses, 465;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation restrained, 479;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
divorce, iii, 142, 143;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 157;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.
New Britain aborigines, i, 94 n. 1;
liberty of female choice among, 214, 215.
New Caledonia: free courtship in, i, 214.
New Guinea: wife-capture in, i, 159;
wife on credit for service, 188 n. 2;
no divorce among Papuas, 228, 229 n. 1.
New Hampshire, the province: civil marriage in, ii, 134;
scarlet letter for adultery, 172;
for incest, 178;
pre-contract, 179;
espoused wife treated as married woman, 180 n. 3;
clandestine marriages, 211 n. 4;
divorce, 348, 349.
---- the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 391, 392;
reputed marriages, 394;
unauthorized solemnization, 395;
age of consent to marriage, 395, 396;
first cousins may not marry, 397;
former system of banns, 402;
certificate, 404;
return, 406;
collection and record of statistics, 407 and n. 6;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 10-13;
remarriage, 21;
residence, 23;
as to common-law marriage, 179;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198;
divorce rate, 210, 212 n. 1;
license five days before celebration, 191.
Newhall, J. R.: on divorce in Massachusetts colony, ii, 332.
New Haven, the colony: influence of the theocracy in, ii, 125;
obligatory civil marriage, 135;
marriage administration, 148;
treatment of single persons, 153;
regulates courtship, 164;
espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;
divorce, 352, 353.
New Jersey, the colony: optional civil or ecclesiastical marriage
in, ii, 308;
act of 1668, 309;
law of the twenty-four proprietors, 309-11;
act of 1682, 311;
Church of England set up, 312;
instructions of bishop of London, 312;
act of 1719, 312, 313;
attempt of clergy to force religious marriage, 314, 315;
divorce, 385.
---- the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 455, 456;
witnesses 466;
age of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license for non-residents, 485;
return, 491;
celebrant's record 492;
state registration, 493;
divorce, iii, 105-7;
remarriage, 146;
residence, 153;
common-law marriage, 177;
license for non-residents five days before celebration, ii, 485;
iii, 192;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.
New London, Conn.: wedding-feast at, ii, 142.
New Mexico: marriage celebration in, ii, 417 n. 4;
marriage a civil contract, 427;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
favors marriage, 441;
return, 449, 450;
celebrant's record, 451;
judicial divorce, iii, 74-76;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 87;
notice, 88;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
New Netherland: marriage laws of, influenced by those of
Guelderland, ii, 268;
civil matrimonial administration with religious celebration, 268,
269;
Stuyvesant's letter on notice of intentions, 269;
the first ordinance, 270;
half-marriage after banns, 271;
bundling, 271, 272;
form of notice on the Delaware, 273;
civil courts have jurisdiction, 273;
case of Beeck and Verleth, 274-77;
informal marriage _de praesenti_ not valid, 277;
case of Laers, 277, 278;
cases of Fabricius and Doxy, 278, 279;
adultery, 280;
breach of promise, 281, 282;
wills and contracts at second marriage, 282-84;
divorce and arbitration, 376-82.
New York, the colony: bundling in, ii, 181;
marriage law and custom in New Netherland, 267-84;
under the Duke of York, 284;
optional civil marriage, 285-87;
registration, 288;
wife-harboring punished, 288;
remarriage after long absence, 289;
case of self-marriage, 289, 290;
Avery's offenses, 290, 291;
complaints of marriages by justices, 291;
Quaker marriages, 291-94;
Dongan Act, 294-96;
law and custom in the royal province, 296-300;
question of law after 1691, 300, 301;
Lauderdale Peerage case, 301-6;
evidence of John Rodgers, 306-8;
divorce in New Netherland, 376-82;
divorce in royal province, 382-85.
---- the state: slave baptism and slave marriage, ii, 453;
solemnization, 453;
common-law marriage abolished, 454, 455;
Indian marriages, 455;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent to marriage, 472;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
substitute for license system, 484, 485;
return, 490, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
state registration, 495-97;
divorce, iii, 101-5;
remarriage, 102, 103, 104, 145;
Van Voorhis _v._ Brintnall, 145;
Smith _v._ Woodworth, 146;
residence, 152, 153;
notice, 158 n. 3;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
common-law marriage, 175;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201;
divorce rate, 216, 217.
New Zealand: wife-capture in, i, 159.
---- and Tasmania: divorce rate, iii, 211, note.
Nez-Percés: runaway bride among, regarded as a prostitute, i, 184
n. 2.
Niassers of Batu: no divorce among, i, 229.
Niblack, A. P.: quoted, i, 143 n. 1.
Nicaragua aborigines: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.
Nicholas, Pope: his letter to the Bulgarians on marriage in church,
i, 295 n. 6.
_Nikâh al-mot'a_ marriage, i, 227 n. 1.
Nisbet, Judge: his decision in Head _v._ Head, ii, 375, 376; iii,
46-50.
_Nisi_: the decree in England, ii, 113, 114.
(_See_ Decree _nisi_.)
Niyoga, i, 84 and n. 2, 133.
Noble, John: his edition of assistants' records, ii, 332.
Nomenclatures: as basis of so-called systems of consanguinity, i,
70-73.
Norfolk's case, ii, 104, 105.
Northampton's case, ii, 80 and n. 4, 103.
North Carolina, the colony: struggle for free civil marriage in, ii,
247;
first marriage law, 249, 250;
liberty of Quakers, 250;
vestries act, establishing ecclesiastical rites, 252;
governor's license, 252;
act of 1741, 252-54;
law of 1766, 254-59;
question or common-law marriage, iii, 172.
---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 415;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
age of consent, 428, 429;
age of parental consent, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433, 434;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
survival of dual system of banns and license, 443;
present license system, 447;
return, 449;
legislative divorce, iii, 36-38;
judicial divorce, 57, 58;
remarriage, 80, 81;
residence, 86, 87;
notice, 88;
trial by jury, 90;
alimony, property, and care or children, 91, 92-94;
rejects common-law marriage, 180;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
North Dakota: marriage celebration, ii, 463, 464;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
divorce, iii, 142;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 156, 157;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.
Northwest Territory: marriage laws of, ii, 458, 459;
divorce laws, iii, 113.
"Northumbrian Priests, Law of": denies remarriage after divorce, ii,
40.
Notice to defendant in divorce suits: in New England, iii. 25-27;
southern and southwestern states, 88, 89;
middle and western states, 158.
Nugent, Mr.: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 452 n. 1, 453, 454 n. 1,
455 n. 1, 458.
Nullity: decree of, equivalent to divorce under the canon law, ii,
56-59.
Oens, of Patagonia, i, 158.
Oettingen, Alexander v.: on the marriage rate, iii, 214;
restrictions on remarriage and the divorce rate, 219 n. 1;
the numerical disparity of the sexes, i, 137.
Ogle, W.: on the marriage rate, iii, 214.
Ohio: marriage celebration in, ii, 458-60;
irregular marriage, 470;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
optional system of banns and license, 483, 484;
return, 490, note, 491;
divorce, iii, 113-15;
remarriage, 147;
residence, 155;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
divorce statistics, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 209, 211.
Oklahoma: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
witnesses, 423;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
a civil contract, 427;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433;
void and voidable marriages, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
license system, 447;
return, 449;
divorce, iii, 72;
remarriage, 83;
residence, 87;
separate alimony, 92;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.
Olaus, Magnus: cited, i, 159.
Old bachelors: not favored in early New England, ii, 152-57.
_Old English Homilies_: cited, i, 300 n. 1.
Old maids in early New England, ii, 157, 158, 167.
Oleepa Indians: symbolical rape among, i, 167.
Omahas, i, 144 n. 3;
elopement among, i, 167, 168;
free courtship, 212 n. 4;
effects of divorce, 242 n. 1.
Opet, O.: on legal condition of early German woman, i, 257, 263 and
n. 4;
wife-capture among Germans, 258 n. 1.
Oppenheim, O. G.: cited, i, 458 n. 2, 461 n. 2, 462, 469 nn. 2, 3,
470 nn. 1, 2.
Orator: in the nuptial ceremony, i, 281, 282 n. 2, 309.
Oregon: marriage celebration in, ii, 463;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 479;
license, 487;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 98;
judicial divorce, 133-35;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
intervention of district attorney in divorce suits, 159;
rejects common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.
Oregon Indians: wedding gifts among, i, 220, 221.
Origen, ii, 28 n. 4.
Orleans, councils of: enforce doctrine of indissolubility, ii, 39.
Ormulum: cited, i, 300 n. 1.
Otomis, i, 238 n. 1.
Owen, Hana: her marriage annulled, ii, 215.
Owen, Robert: his views as to marriage and the family, iii, 232-34.
Owen, Robert Dale: his views on marriage, iii, 234.
Pádams, i, 217, 218.
Pairing family, i, 89-151.
Pairing season among primitive men, i, 99, notes.
Palan Islanders: certainty of fatherhood among, i, 111.
Palfrey, J. G.: on slavery in New England, ii, 216.
Palmer, W.: on espousals, i, 283 n. 4.
Panches of Bogota: intermarriages among, i, 128.
Papuas of New Guinea: no divorce among, i, 228.
Paraguay aborigines: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.
Paradox, the: regarding marriage, i, 325, 326, 329 n. 2.
Pardessus: on the betrothal, i, 274 n. 2.
Parental consent to courtship: regulated in early New England, ii,
161-66.
---- to marriage: not required for valid contract by the canonists,
i, 338;
demanded by the German Reformers, 371, 372 and n. 1;
required by Cromwell's Act of 1653, 418;
marriage by license void without, under Hardwicke Act, 459;
hardships caused by this provision, 463 and n. 4, 464.
---- to marriage in American colonies, ii, 143;
Plymouth, 144;
Rhode Island, 148-51;
New Netherland, 268, 269;
New York, 286, 287;
New Jersey, 309, 310, 313;
Pennsylvania, 318, 319.
---- to marriage in the states.
(_See_ Age of parental consent to marriage.)
Parish registers: local officers elected under the law of 1653, i,
418, 426;
duties of, well performed, 426-31.
Parish registers: the records kept during the Commonwealth, i,
404, 405, 426 and n. 3, 427-31.
Parliamentary divorce: in England, ii, 102-9.
(_See_ Divorce, parliamentary.)
Parsons, Chief Justice: his decision in Milford v. Worcester, iii,
178, 179, 185.
Parthians: temporary marriages among, i, 49.
Parton v. Hervey, ii, 462 n. 7; iii, 179 n. 1, 191 n. 2.
Patagonians: free marriage among, i, 212 and n. 4.
Patriarchal family: Maine's theory of, i, 409-13;
rejected as social unit by Morgan and McLennan, 65;
place of, in evolution, according to Morgan, 69, 70.
(_See_ Agnation, Patriarchal theory, _Patria potestas_.)
Patriarchal theory: works on, i, 3-7;
discussed, 7-32;
of Maine, 9-13;
criticised by Spencer, 14, 15;
by McLennan, 15-17;
rejected for Aryans by Leist, 23 and n. 3;
does not hold for Aryans, 18-28.
_Patria potestas_, i, 11 and n. 2;
alleged relation of Roman, to agnation, 12, 30-32;
Spencer's criticism of Maine's theory, 15;
McLennan's, 15-17;
among Peruvians and Mexicans, 19 n. 1;
only elements of, among early Aryans, 27, 28;
not among Hellenes, Celts, Slavonians, and Germans, 28-30;
whether among early Germans, 259 n. 4, 260 n. 1.
Paulus: on _consensus_, i, 292 n. 4;
on divorce, ii, 29.
Paulus Aemilius: puts away his wife, ii, 17 n. 4.
Paul, St.: on divorce, ii, 21, 22, 23.
Pawnees: free divorce among, i, 228 n. 2.
Peabody, F. G.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1, 227;
quoted, 229.
Peel, Sir Robert: his civil-marriage bill, i, 469 and n. 2, 470.
Penitentials: evidence of, as to divorce, ii, 44-46.
Penn, William: on Quaker marriages, ii, 316, 317.
Pennant: on Fleet marriages, i, 439, 440.
Pennsylvania, the colony: marriage law and custom in, ii, 315;
Quaker views of marriage, 315-18;
legislation, 318-20;
functions of council, 321;
forbidden degrees, 322;
courtship, 323, 324;
wedding customs, 324-27;
legislative divorce, 385-87.
---- the state: marriage celebration in, ii, 456, 457;
witnesses, 466;
age of parental consent to marriage, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
encourages marriage, 481;
license system, 485, 486;
self-_gifta_, 486;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
state registration, 495;
legislative divorce, iii, 99, 100;
judicial divorce, 107-11;
remarriage, 146;
residence, 155;
notice, 158 n. 3;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 217.
Persia: marriage with a sister allowed in, i, 125.
Peschel, Oscar: on headship of woman in the family, i, 45;
horror of incest, 122.
Peters, Samuel: on tarrying, ii, 183, 184.
Peulhs of Futa-Jallon: remarriage of divorced couple among, i,
247 n. 2.
Phallicism, i, 38, 51 n. 1, 54, note.
Phelps, E. S.: on evils of present marriage system, iii, 254.
Philip of Hesse: his double marriage, i, 390; ii, 75 n. 1.
Phillips, Samuel: prepares a special ritual for slave marriages, ii,
225, 226.
Pickering, Jane: abduction of, i, 422, 423.
Piedrahita: quoted, i, 128.
Pipiles: forbidden degrees among, i, 126.
Piraungaru marriage custom, i, 72 n. 6.
Pirauru marriage, i, 72 n. 6.
Plato: on the family as the social unit, i, 10 nn. 2, 3.
Ploss, H.: cited, i, 111, 139; on racial ideas of beauty, 207 n. 5.
Plyer or tout for Fleet marriages, i, 442.
Plymouth: origin of civil marriage in, ii, 128-30;
first marriage law of, 132, 133;
commissioners to join persons in marriage, 133 and n. 2;
treatment of single persons, 153, 154;
regulates courtship and proposals, 162, 163;
scarlet letter, 171, 172;
pre-contract, 179, 180, 181;
cases of fornication before marriage, 186;
breach of promise suits, 201;
divorce, 349-51;
self-marriage, iii, 173.
_Pœnitentiale Theodori_, ii, 44 and n. 3, 45, 46.
Pollock, Sir F.: on the case of Beamish _v._ Beamish, i, 319, 320.
---- and Maitland, F. W.: on early German bride-sale, i, 260 n. 1;
betrothal, 275, 276;
rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 312 n. 1;
Lanfranc's canon, 314 n. 5;
marriage as a remedy, i, 325, 326;
_sponsalia_, 343;
canon law favors marriages, 334;
_copula carnalis_, 336;
forbidden degrees, 353;
_de facto_ marriage, 354, 355;
valid marriage, 355 and n. 1, 356;
inheritance, 356 and n. 5;
age of consent to marriage, 358 and n. 4;
dower as affected by divorce, ii, 93 and n. 3;
voidable marriages, 94.
Polyandry: as evidence of promiscuity, i, 48, 103;
place of, in forms of the family, 57, 58, 60, 65;
McLennan on, 77 n. 2, 80-84, 133, 156;
problem of the origin of, 132-41;
the custom of, is comparatively rare, 133, 134;
confined to small part of population, 135;
views of Spencer, Hellwald, Smith, and Wake, 135, 136;
of Marshall, 136 n. 2;
Westermarck's theory, 136-41.
Polygyny: place of, in the forms of marriage and the family, i, 57,
58, 60, 63;
relation to wife-stealing, 87;
favors female system of kinship, 112;
problem of the origin and spread of, 141-49;
favored by the patriarchal system, 141;
not found among many barbarous peoples, 141, 142;
how restricted, 142-45;
rise of, 145-48;
not favorable to women, 148, 149.
Polynesians: have Malayan system of consanguinity, i, 68;
punishment for adultery among, 106;
divorce, 230 n. 1.
Pomeranians: wife-purchase among, i, 199 n. 8.
Popular education recognized as the proper function of local
government in early New England, ii, 126 and n. 1.
_Porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1.
Porter's case, ii, 85 and n. 2.
Porto Rico: marriage celebration in, ii, 418;
marriage a civil institution, 428;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429, 431;
forbidden degrees, 433;
license system, 447, 448;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449;
divorce, iii. 76;
remarriage, 84;
residence, 88;
only statutory marriage valid, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 203;
notice of marriage, 191;
ten days' notice before license, 192 n. 2.
Posada, Adolpho: his _Théories modernes_, i, 7, 38;
his use of _symbiose_, 101 n. 2.
Post, A. H.: on hasty generalizations, i, 9 n. 4;
his works, 33;
exogamy, 121 n. 3;
alleges universality of wife-stealing, 157;
and of wife-purchase, 179;
original free betrothal, 202;
assent to marriage, 208, 209;
divorce, 224, 225 and n. 2;
among Karo-Karo, 229, and the Galela and Tobelorese, 233 and n. 2;
effects of divorce, 244 n. 2;
remarriage of widow or divorced woman, 246 n. 4;
marriage ring among the Slavs, 278 n. 3.
Potter, H. C.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.
Poulton, E. B.: on sexual selection, i, 205 n. 4.
Powell, Aaron: quoted, iii, 195-97.
Powell, J. W.: on the Wyandottes, i, 143 n. 1.
Powers, Stephen: on pairing season among California Indians, i, 99
and n. 3;
jealousy among California Indians, 104;
the Karok, 192.
Pray, Richard and Mary: separation of, ii, 363, 364 n. 1.
Pre-contracts: abolished by Hardwicke Act, i, 459;
and in South Carolina colony, ii, 261.
(_See_ Betrothal.)
Presbyterians: restricted right to celebrate wedlock in North
Carolina colony, ii, 254-59.
_Pretium_: bride-price among the West Goths, i, 265 n. 1.
_Privilegium Paulinum_, ii, 24;
historical importance of, 54, 55;
at the Reformation, 62.
_Probeehen_ or _Probenächte_.
(_See_ Proof-marriages.)
Problems of marriage and the family, iii, 161-259.
Process in divorce and matrimonial suits: origin of, after the
Reformation, ii, 68-71.
Promiscuity: works on. i, 38; Bachofen's theory, 40, 41;
examples of, not found, 47 and n. 1;
alleged survivals, 48-52;
no absolute, 58;
Morgan's theory of, 66-68, 70;
McLennan's theory, 77, 78;
the problem of, three arguments against, 90-110.
Proof-marriages, i, 49 and n. 2, 235 n. 1.
Proposals of marriage: regulated in early New England, ii, 162-66.
Prosecuting attorney: intervention of, in divorce suits in England,
ii, 113, 114;
in the states, iii, 90, 159.
Prostitution: legalized, i, 48 and n. 4, 49 n. 1;
temple, or sacred, 51, 52, 54.
Protection order: under English law, ii, 115, 116.
Protestant doctrine of marriage, i, 364-403;
of divorce, ii, 60-85.
Ptolemies: marriage with sister among, i, 125.
Pueblos, i, 129, 213.
Punaluan family, i, 68, 69.
Punjab: symbolical capture in, i, 174;
wife-purchase, 217.
Purcell _v._ Purcell, ii, 368, 369.
Putative wedlock, ii, 94.
Putnam _v._ Putnam, iii, 19.
Quadrumana: family among, i, 97 and n. 4.
Quakers: their marriages declared valid, ii, 293 n. 3;
character of their marriage celebration, 315-18;
form of celebration, 319, 322 n. 1;
enjoy their own marriage customs in Rhode Island colony, ii, 134;
North Carolina colony, 248, 250, 251, 254;
Maryland colony, 245;
persecuted in New Netherland and in New York province, 291-93;
get relief under the Dongan law, 295;
their position in New Jersey, 308-11.
Quasi-desertion, ii, 63 and n. 2.
Queen _v._ Millis, i, 316-18; iii, 178.
Queen's proctor: his intervention in divorce suits, ii, 113 and n.
5, 114.
Queesting, ii, 182 and n. 2, 271, 272.
Radcliffe, Mary Anne: on intrusion of men-traders, iii, 248.
Rāksasa: marriage form of, i, 160.
Rape or capture: symbol of, 119, 163-80.
---- and fraudulent marriage: punishment for, under the Tudors,
i, 421 n. 5;
under Cromwell, 423.
Rawas: divorce among, i, 242 n. 4.
Reade, W.: on free marriage in Africa, i, 214.
Real contract of sale, i, 258, 259 n. 2, 260 n. 1.
_Rede Boke of Darbye_, i, 298.
_Reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum_: origin of, ii, 77 and n. 4;
provisions, 78, 79;
high authority of, 79, 80;
principles of, adopted in New England, ii, 330.
Regino of Prüm, ii, 49 n. 3, 51 nn. 1, 2.
Registers, parish: origin of, in England, i, 358-63;
during the Commonwealth, 424-31;
of the Fleet, 445.
---- marriage, in the American colonies, ii, 143;
Plymouth, 144;
Massachusetts, 145, 146;
Rhode Island, 148-51;
Virginia, 232, 233;
North Carolina, 249, 251, 252;
South Carolina, 260;
New York, 288, 296 and n. 3, 297;
Pennsylvania, 323.
---- in the states.
(_See_ Certificate and record.)
_Remancipatio_, ii, 15 n. 1.
Remarriage after divorce: views of early Fathers, ii, 26-28;
allowed to innocent party by Reformers, 65;
but they differ as to the adulterer, 66, 67;
clergy of English church not compelled to solemnize, 112 and
n. 2.
---- in New England states, iii, 18-22;
southern and southwestern states, 79-84;
middle and western states, 145-52;
restrictions on, as affecting the divorce rate, 218, 219.
Rennes: marriage ritual of, i, 288, 301 n. 2.
Reno, Nev.: clandestine divorces in, iii, 150, 205.
Residence, to entitle to divorce petition: in New England, iii,
22-25;
southern and southwestern states, 84-88;
middle and western states, 152-57.
Return of marriage celebration: in New England, ii, 405, 406;
southern and southwestern states, 449, 450;
middle and western states, 489-92;
defects in the system, iii, 192, 193.
Rhode Island, the colony: civil marriage in, ii, 134;
ecclesiastical, 138;
treatment of single persons, 153;
did not punish adultery with death or scarlet letter, 172, 173;
clandestine marriages, 211, 212;
divorce statutes, 360, 361;
legislative divorce, cases of, discussed, 361-66;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 174.
---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 391, 892, 394, 395;
witnesses, 394;
unauthorized celebration, 395;
age of parental consent to marriage, 396;
former law against miscegenation, 398;
void or voidable marriages, 398;
survival of optional system of banns or posting, 403 n. 1;
certificate and record, 404;
return, 405;
collection and record of statistics, 407;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 14, 15;
remarriage, 22;
residence, 23;
notice, 27 n. 3;
alimony, care and custody of children, 30 n. 1;
courts of, silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 197;
divorce rate, 209, 212 n. 1.
Richberg, J. C.: quoted, iii, 73; cited, 195.
Richard, Archbishop: his canon on clandestine marriage, i, 313, 314.
Richter, A. L. v.: on views of Reformers as to divorce, ii, 62 n. 2,
64 and n. 2. 65, notes, 68 n. 2;
influence of Roman law on Protestant theologians, 62 n. 2;
church ordinances, 67.
Ring: the betrothal and marriage, i, 278 n. 3, 279 n. 1;
280, 294 and n. 3, 306.
---- the marriage: Cartwright on, i, 410;
Whitgift's reply, 411, 412 and n. 2;
rejected by the Puritans under Cromwell, 419 and n. 1.
Rings: exchange of, i, 375 n. 3;
Swinburne on, 384, 385;
archæology of, 385 n. 2.
_Rita_ stage among Aryans, i, 24, 25.
Rituals, marriage: the two parts, i, 283, 284 and n. 1;
authorities on, 287, 288;
none adopted by early Christians, 294, 295;
on second marriage, 297 n. 1;
the English, published by Surtees Society, 298;
others, 300-308;
by the later, marriage is to be celebrated by and not before the
priest, 310 n. 1.
Rive, F.: on betrothal, i, 274 n. 2.
Rodgers, John: on the marriage law of New York province, ii, 307;
iii, 173.
Roeder, J.: on Old English wife-purchase, i, 263 n. 4;
the betrothal ceremonial, 272 n. 2;
freedom of English widow, 277 n. 5.
Rogers, Elizabeth: her divorce for free-thinking, ii, 356, 357.
Romans: works on their matrimonial institutions, i, 5, 6;
their patriarchal family, 10-13, 29-32, 69;
wife-lending among, 49;
whether wife-capture among, 160;
wife-purchase, 199 and n. 5;
symbolical rape, 171, 172;
their marriage forms accepted by the church, i, 291 n. 2;
had no fixed ceremony, 294;
divorce among, 232, ii, 3, 4, 14-19;
divorce a private transaction, 47.
Roos's case, ii, 103.
Rosenthal, E.: on adultery among early Teutons, ii, 36 n. 1;
the penitentials, 44 n. 3.
Ross, E. A.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.
Rossbach, A.: on symbol of rape, i, 175 n. 3;
_coemptio_, 199 n. 5.
Rouen: its marriage ritual, i, 310 and n. 1.
Ruga, Sp. Carvilius: his divorce, ii, 15 n. 4.
Russians: wife-purchase among, i, 199 n. 8.
Russell, Lord John: proposes a civil-marriage law, i, 469.
Ryder, Attorney-General: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 450, 451,
452.
Sack-posset: at weddings, ii, 141 and n. 5.
_Sacra_: the Roman, i, 13;
Aryan, 27.
Sacrament of marriage, i, 310, 324-26 and n. 2,
332, 333;
abandoned by Protestants, 386;
development of Luther's views on, 386-88.
Sacramental theory of marriage: rejected at the Reformation, i,
386-88;
ii, 60, 68;
in England, i, 393, 394.
_Sacramentaria_, i, 296 n. 2, 297, 298 n. 1, 302.
St. Joseph, Mich.: a "Gretna Green," iii, 192 n. 4, 253 n. 2.
Samoa: wife-capture in, i, 159;
status of divorced woman, 245.
Sandwich Islands: marriage with a sister sanctioned in, i, 125;
status of woman in, 238 n. 3.
(_See_ Hawaii.)
Sarae, the African: divorced woman must wait two months before
remarriage, i, 245 n. 5.
Sarasin, Paul and Fritz: on the Veddahs, i, 141 n. 2.
Sarum: marriage ritual of, i, 284, 297 n. 1, 301 and n. 2, 304, 306
n. 2, 307, notes, 311 n. 4.
Satirists, the Roman: on divorce, ii, 18 n. 1.
Saunders, W. L.: quoted, ii, 256, 258, 259.
Savoy: clandestine marriages at, i, 459 n. 3.
Sayce, A. H.: on the Babylonian family, i, 221 n. 3.
Sayer, Joseph: his _Vindication_ cited, i, 459 n. 1.
Scandinavians: wife-capture among, i, 159.
"Scarlet Letter": for adultery, ii, 171-76;
for incest, 177, 178, 214 n. 2;
long survival of, in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New
Hampshire, 398.
Schaffle, G. T.: cited, i, 98 n. 3.
Schaets, Anneke: case of, ii, 381, 382.
Scheurl, Adolf v.: on Sohm's theory of betrothal, i, 275 n. 2;
works of, 290;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;
rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 310 n. 1;
_sponsalia_, 340 n. 1;
magisterial intervention as mark of Reformation, ii, 90 n. 1.
Schmid, Reinhold: on foster-laen, i, 270 n. 1;
date of betrothal ritual, 270 n. 1.
Schmidt, Karl: on _jus primae noctis_, i, 51 n. 2.
Schneider, Wilhelm: cited, i, 36.
Schneidewin, J.: on divorce, ii, 62.
Schopenhauer, A.: on woman's mental capacity, iii, 240 n. 1.
Schrader, O.: on the maternal family, i, 20.
Schreiner, Olive: on sex-parasitism, iii, 247 n. 1.
Schroeder, Richard: on _Muntschatz_, i, 259 n. 3;
bride-purchase, 260 n. 1;
Tacitus's account of betrothal, 262 n. 2;
denies traces of wife-purchase in northern law, 265 n. 3;
on violation of _mund_, 265 n. 4;
_arrha_, 266 n. 2;
foster-laen, 270 n. 1;
the Old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2.
Schubert, H. v.: on Sohm's theory of betrothal, i, 275 n. 2;
cited, 290;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.
Scudmore: on secret marriage, i, 350.
Schulenburg, Emil: on wife-capture among the Germans, i, 258 n. 1.
Schulte, J. F. v.: on canon-law betrothal, i, 293 n. 1.
Schurman, J. G.: cited, i, 38, 88 n. 4.
Scotland: present marriage law of, i, 473 n. 2.
Second marriage: among low races, i, 246 and nn. 4, 5;
among early Germans, 273 n. 1, 277, notes;
benediction omitted by the ancient church, 297 n. 1;
the early Fathers on, ii, 24-26;
councils on, 39, 40;
synods of Verberie and Compiègne on, 42-44;
the penitentials on, 44-46.
Secondary wives, i, 143, 144, notes.
Seger _v._ Slingerland: concerning bundling, ii, 272.
Sehling, E.: on wife-capture among Germans, i, 258 n. 1;
wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;
betrothal, 275 n. 2;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.
Selden, J.: on the benediction, i, 293 n. 3, 294, 297 n. 1;
dower at church door, 300 n. 1.
Self-betrothal, i, 201-23: and self-_gifta_, 276-86;
still exists in Eastern church.
(See Self-_gifta_.)
Self-_beweddung_.
(_See_ Self-betrothal, Self-_gifta_.)
Self-_gifta_: in New England colonies, ii, 209-12;
in Pennsylvania, ii, 486.
(_See_ Self-betrothal.)
Semites: marriage institutions of, i, 17;
patriarchal family, 69, 70;
wife-capture, 161, 162;
wife-purchase, 195-97.
(_See_ Hebrews.)
Seneca: denounces free divorce, ii, 18.
Separate alimony without divorce: in Virginia, Florida, Georgia,
and Oklahoma, iii, 92;
Indiana, 118;
Iowa, 127;
Ohio, 114, 115;
Montana, 138;
Utah, 133;
Wisconsin, 124;
Wyoming, 131;
the southern, colonies, ii, 368-74.
Separation from bed and board: whether according to scriptural
teaching, ii, 21, 22;
origin of the distinction, 52, 53 n. 1;
rejected at Reformation, 61;
by English Reformers, 73;
not recognized by the _Reformatio legum_, 78;
judicial separation equivalent to, under present English law, 114,
115.
---- in the American colonies: not favored by the New England
Puritans, ii, 330;
not granted in early Massachusetts, 331, 339 and n. 3;
but in that colony granted in the eighteenth century, 345;
rejected in Connecticut, 353;
and practically in Rhode Island, 363;
granted in New Netherland, 377, 378.
---- in the states: Alabama, iii, 64;
Arkansas, 71, 72;
Delaware, 113;
District of Columbia, 79;
Georgia, 62;
Hawaii, 144;
Indiana, 118;
Indian Territory, 71, 72;
Kentucky, 55;
Louisiana, 70;
Maryland, 56;
Michigan, 122;
Minnesota, 125;
Nebraska, 129;
New Jersey, 107;
New York, 105;
North Carolina, 58;
Pennsylvania, 110;
Rhode Island, 15;
Tennessee, 61;
Vermont, 16;
Virginia, 51;
West Virginia, 52, 53;
Wisconsin, 123, 124.
Separation order: the English, ii, 117.
Seranglao and Gorong: divorce in, i, 241 n. 6.
Seri: marriage by service among, i, 187 and n. 3;
meaning of their probational marriage, 218 n. 4.
Servia: wife-capture in, i, 159, 160;
bride-price, 190 n. 1.
Seven months' rule: in New England churches, ii, 196 and n. 2, 197,
198 n. 2.
Sewall, Samuel: importance of his writings for the history of social
customs, ii, 133 n. 1;
on marriages celebrated by Vanderbosk, 137;
by justices and ministers, 138 n. 4;
"bedded" at second marriage, 140;
wedding celebrations, 142, 143;
would keep house with Widow Denison, 157 n. 2;
provides his daughters with wooers, 167-69;
with dowries, 203, 204;
his marriages and thrifty courtships, 204-9;
on marriage of first cousins, 213 n. 2;
law against incestuous unions, 213 n. 7;
Hana Owen's marriage, 215;
miscegenation, 218;
slave baptism, 222, 223;
slave marriages, his _Selling of Joseph_, 223, 224.
Sewell, William: quoted, ii, 293 n. 3;
on Quaker marriages, 317.
Sexes: differentiation of, i, 93, 94;
numerical disparity of, 136, 137;
causes which determine, 138 and n. 1;
influence of disparity of, on rise of polyandry, 138-41.
Sex-parasitism, iii, 247 n. 1.
Sexual selection: woman's function in, i, 202;
secondary sexual characters in, 203-6;
and the economic dependence of woman, iii, 249 n. 1.
Shame: origin of, i, 206 n. 2.
Shammai: school of, ii, 13 n. 2.
Shans: divorce among, i, 239.
Sharon _v._ Sharon, ii, 467 and n. 1;
iii, 158 n. 1.
Shastikas: bride-price among, i, 190, 191.
Shekiani: easy divorce among, i, 226.
Shirley, J. M.: on pre-contract, ii, 180;
bundling, 185 n. 2.
Sia: alleged communism of, i, 108 n. 2.
Siamese: four classes of wives among, i, 144 n. 5.
Siegel, H.: on wife-capture among Germans, i, 258 n. 1;
wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;
exchange of rings, 281 n. 1.
Simcox, Edith: on family life of Babylonians and Egyptians, i, 221
n. 1.
Similarity: biological law of, i, 130, 131.
Single persons: laws regarding, ii, 152-58.
Sioux: position of woman among, i, 45;
plurality of wives, 143 n. 1, 144;
symbolical capture, 165, 168;
custom of avoidance, 187 n. 2;
divorce, 239.
Sioux Falls, S.D.: alleged divorce colony of, iii, 205 and n. 3.
_Sippe_, or clan-group, i, 259.
Siricius: on the benediction, i, 296 n. 1.
Slave marriages: among early Germans, i, 257, 276 n. 1;
in New England, ii, 216-26.
Slaves: status of, in New England colonies, ii, 215, 216;
the problem of baptizing, 220-23;
marriages of, 216-26.
Slavs: works on matrimonial institutions of, i, 5;
house communities among, 30 n. 1, 129;
conspicuous for wife-capture, i, 160;
symbol of rape, 174;
wife-purchase, 199 and n. 8.
Smith, Henry: his _Preparation to Marriage_, ii, 73.
Smith, Mary Roberts: cited, iii, 167, 244 n. 2.
Smith, Robertson: on Arabian marriage customs, i, 17 and n. 3;
polyandry, 135;
wife-capture among Arabs, 161;
Arabian divorce, 246 n. 1.
Smith _v._ Woodworth, iii, 146.
Smock marriages, i, 441 n. 3;
in New England, ii, 141.
Snyder, W. L.: on uniform divorce law, iii, 222 n. 3.
Socialists: views as to monogamic family, iii, 229;
theory of Engels, 229, 230;
of Carpenter, 230;
of Morris and Bax, 230, 231;
of Gronlund, 231, 232;
of Robert Owen, 232-34;
of Robert Dale Owen, 234;
of Bebel, 234, 235;
results of socialist thought, 235.
Sohm, Rudolph: on real-contract, i, 259 n. 1;
_Witthum_ as price of _mund_, 260 n. 1;
fixed-price of _mund_, 265 n. 4;
_arrha_, 266 n. 2;
evolution of _beweddung_, 266-72, 276-86;
foster-laen, 270 n. 1;
the old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2;
time of _gifta_, 272 n. 1;
derivation of _Gemahl_, 273 n. 1;
his theory of betrothal, 273-76;
self-betrothal and self-_gifta_, 276-86;
chosen guardian and _Fürsprecher_, 281, 282;
his works mentioned 288-90;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
origin of canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;
benediction at nuptials, 296 n. 1;
validity of unblessed marriages, 297;
function of priest in the old English ritual, 302;
the rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 309, 310 and n. 1;
the decree of the Council of Trent, 316 n. 1;
_sponsalia_, 337, note, 340 n. 1;
rise of spiritual jurisdiction, ii, 50 n. 1.
Soissons, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 41, 42.
Solemnization of marriage: in the New England states, ii, 389-95;
southern and southwestern states, 409-27;
middle and western states, 452-70;
defects of the present dual system, iii, 186-90;
reforms needed, 193, 194.
Somali: divorce among, i, 241.
_Sonderfamilie_: of Grosse, i, 61.
Sophia: on woman's equality with man, iii, 237.
Soulimana: divorce in, i, 226 n. 3.
South Carolina, the colony: slave baptism in, ii, 221;
marriage, 260, 261;
optional civil or religious ceremony in back country, 261;
question of divorce, 375;
common-law marriage, iii, 172.
---- the state: marriage celebration in, ii, 416 and n. 2;
pre-contracts, 425, 426;
marriages of freedmen, 426;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433, 435;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
legislative divorce, iii, 38;
judicial divorce, 76, 77;
common-law marriage, 176;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
South Dakota: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 465;
marriage by declaration, 467;
requisites for legal marriage, 469;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 490, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
divorce, iii, 142;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 157;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.
South Slavonians: wife-capture among, i, 159;
divorce, 242, 244 n. 2.
Space-relationships, of Mucke, i, 63-65, 71.
Spartans: wife-lending among, i, 49;
symbol of capture, 171.
Souza, G. S. de: on sexual jealousy among Brazilian natives, i, 105,
106;
polygyny of Tupinambás, 144.
Spencer, Baldwin, and Gillen, F. J.: their _Native Tribes_, i, 35;
on evidences of former promiscuity in Australia, 53 and n. 3;
their view rejected by Crawley, 54;
on class systems, 75, 76;
methods of getting wives in Australia, 170, note;
wife-capture, 181, 182.
Spencer, Herbert: his criticism of Maine's patriarchal theory, i,
14, 15;
of McLennan, 35, 86, 87;
on female kinship, 111;
wife-capture and exogamy, 117-20;
origin of forbidden degrees, 122;
secondary wives, 144 n. 5;
polygyny, 146-48;
wife-purchase, 179, 180;
on significance of marriage by service, 188, 189, 212 n. 1;
original status of woman, 210 and n. 4;
it was relatively high among American aborigines, 213 n. 5;
woman's mental capacity, iii, 240.
Spirgatis, E.: on the betrothal, i, 275 n. 2.
Spiritual affinity, i, 353 n. 5.
Spiritual jurisdiction: evils of, i, 351-59;
rise of, after Reformation, 392.
(_See_ Canon law, Jurisdiction.)
_Sponsalia per verba de praesenti vel futuro_, i, 305, 315, 316;
literature of, 322;
classification, 336-38, 340;
Luther quoted on, 341-43;
law decisions, 443, 444;
mentioned, 351 n. 3;
in England, 376-80.
Stara Pazva: effects of divorce in, i, 243 n. 6.
Starcke, C. N.: on paternal system of kinship, i, 18;
Bachofen, 39 n. 2;
status of African women, 46;
juridical fatherhood, 53 n. 2;
nomenclatures, 72;
criticises McLennan, 87, 88;
rejects theory of uniform primitive state, 91;
origin of the family among lower animals, 92;
the sexual instinct, 100, 101, notes;
origin of system of female kinship, 113, 114;
symbols of wife-capture, 119;
origin of exogamy, 123-25;
polygyny, 146 n. 2;
ceremonial capture, 176;
value of female labor in early marriage, 211 n. 4.
Statistics: divorce, iii, 209-19.
Stead, W. T. exposes traffic in young girls, iii, 195, 196.
Stiel, Dr.: enforces his betrothal, i, 373 n. 1.
Stetson, Charlotte Perkins: on socialization of female sex, iii,
247;
sexual selection and economic subjection, 249 n. 1.
Stiles, H. R.: on bundling, ii, 181, 183, notes, 184 nn. 1, 2, 4,
185 and n. 1;
quoted, 282.
Stoddart, Sir John: on divorce, 1550-1602, ii, 79 n. 5.
Stölzel, A.: on self-divorce and origin of process after
Reformation, ii, 69, 70;
origin of consistorial courts, 70 n. 4, 71 n. 1.
Strabo: on sacred prostitution in Armenia, i, 51 n. 1.
Strahan, S. A. K.: cited, iii, 240 n. 4;
on evil effects of early marriages, 243, 244.
Streitwolf _v._ Streitwolf, iii, 207.
Strong, Justice: his opinion in Meister _v._ Moore, iii, 178.
Stuyvesant, Peter: his letter on publication of marriage, ii, 269,
270.
_Subarrare_: in ritual of Greek church, i, 266 n. 1.
Suffolk county, Mass.: cases of pre-nuptial incontinence, with
penalties and confessions, ii, 188, 192, 196.
Sumner, Charles: on slavery in Massachusetts, ii, 216.
Sumatra: abduction and purchase in, i, 183, 215;
wives by exchange, 185;
betrothals, 209 and n. 6;
divorce among Karo-Karo, 229.
Superintendent registrar: celebration by his certificate, i, 470,
471.
Surtees Society: _Publications_ of, cited, i, 284 n. 1, 288, 297
n. 1, 298, 303-8, 311 n. 1.
Sutro Library; seventeenth-century pamphlets in, i, 418 n. 2, 432
n. 1.
Sutton, Dan: his tongue bored with hot iron for bigamy and perjury,
ii, 286 n. 1.
Swabian marriage ritual of twelfth century, i, 253, 284, 285.
Sweden: divorce rate of, iii, 212.
Swendsen, Haagen: case of, i, 447.
Swinburne, Henry: on the marriage ring, i, 297, note;
_Sponsalia_, 341-43;
pre-contracts, 377, 378;
spousals, 378, 379;
evils of secret spousals, 379, 380;
public spousals, 380;
form of betrothal and the ring, 383-85.
Switzerland: divorce rate of, iii, 211, note;
how the rate is affected by the uniform law, 222 n. 2.
Symbiose, i, 101 n. 2.
Symson, Peter, the Fleet parson, i, 438 n. 2.
Sympathy: has widened the sphere of sexual relations, i, 132.
Syndiasmian family, i, 69, 70.
Tables; statistical: of cases of ante-nuptial fornication, with
penalties and confessions, ii, 188-96;
of Massachusetts divorces in seventeenth century, 333;
and in eighteenth century, 341-44.
Taboo, sexual: Crawley's theory of, i, 54, 131, note.
Tacitus: his description of a German betrothal, i, 262 and nn. 1, 2,
285 n. 4;
on second marriages, 273 n. 1, 277.
Tahiti, i, 245 n. 2.
Talmud: on divorce, i, 240 n. 4; ii, 13.
Tamils, i, 69.
Tancred: the decretalist, ii, 51 and n. 3.
Tarrying, ii, 183 and n. 5, 184.
Tartars: wife-capture among, i, 159;
wife-purchase, 194, 195.
Tasmanians, i, 99: wife-capture in, 159;
elopement, 169;
divorce, 232 and n. 5.
Tatooing, i, 206 n. 2.
Tegg, W.: on the marriage ring, i, 279, note.
Tennessee: celebration of marriage in, ii, 415, 416;
essentials for a legal marriage, 424, 425;
marriages of freedmen, 426;
license to persons under sixteen without parental consent
forbidden, 430, 431;
forbidden degrees, 433-35;
void or voidable marriages, 437, 438 n. 3;
miscegenation forbidden, 438;
survival of dual system of banns or license, 443;
present license system, 447;
license bond, 448;
judicial divorce, iii, 58-61;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 86;
process, 88;
guilty wife forfeits dower, 95;
favors common-law marriage, 176;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.
Tertullian: on the betrothal kiss, i, 279, note;
parental consent, 292 n. 4;
form of marriage, 294;
heathen forms of espousal, 295;
divorce, ii, 24;
second marriage, 25 and n. 2.
Texas: marriage celebration in, ii, 421-23;
marriages of freedman, 426;
age of consent and of parental consent, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433, 435;
void or voidable marriages, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 438, 439;
license system, 447;
return, 449;
judicial divorce, iii, 71;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 87;
trial by jury, 90;
common-law marriage, 176, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.
Themis, i, 24.
Theocracy of Massachusetts and New Haven: sway of, tends to separate
church and state, ii, 125.
Theodore of Tarsus: his rules for marriage celebration, i, 313;
regulates marriage and divorce, 333, 334.
Theodosian code: on betrothal with the kiss, i, 424 and n. 2.
Theodosius II.: his divorce law, ii, 31, 32.
Thlinkets, i, 143 n. 1, 213 n. 5.
Thompson, Hannah: on New York wedding customs, ii, 299.
Thompson and Geddes: on sexual selection, i, 205 n. 4.
Thornback, ii, 158.
Thorpe, B.: on foster-laen, i, 270 n. 1;
date of the old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 1.
Thracians: wife-purchase among, i, 199.
Thwaites, R. G.: on the Winnebagoes, i, 235 n. 1.
Thwing, C. F.: on abuse of divorce jurisdiction under canon law,
ii, 57;
Margaret Tudor's divorces and marriages, 58 n. 2.
Tibet: prostitution in, i, 49 n. 1;
polyandry, 81, 83, 140;
inbreeding, 140;
but one husband usually at home, 103 n. 4.
Tillier, L.: cited, i, 37.
Tilly, Widow: marries Sewall, ii, 206, 207.
Timor: betrothals in, i, 209.
Timorlaut, i, 210.
Titsingh: cited, i, 154.
Tocqueville; A. de: on marriage in America, iii, 252.
Todas: proof-marriages among, i, 49 n. 2;
polyandry, 81-83, 140, 141;
marriage with half-sister, 125 n. 5;
numerical disparity of sexes, 137;
inbreeding, 140;
exchange of dowers, 219.
_Toleramus_: the permission to rewed after divorce, ii, 65 n. 6.
Tonga: husband's sole right of divorce in, i, 231.
Totem _gens_, i, 79.
Totemism: Kohler on, i, 73-75;
McLennan on, 79 and n. 2.
Tower: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.
Town magistrate: grants divorces in Rhode Island colony, ii, 361,
364.
Townshend, Charles: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 451 n. 2, 452,
453, 455 n. 3, 456, 457.
Trent, Council of: declares marriage a sacrament, i. 326 n. 2, 329
n. 1, 333;
against secret marriage, 339;
decree of, 346 n. 2;
on publicity, 359, 360;
its decree not accepted in England, 376;
makes no essential change in the canon law of divorce, ii, 59, 60.
_Treugelöbniss_, i, 268.
Trumbull, B.: on divorces in Connecticut, ii, 358 n. 4.
Tryon, Governor: on the North Carolina marriage laws, ii, 256-59.
Tscheng-Ki-Tong: on divorce in China, i, 236 n. 4.
Tscherkese: betrothals among, i, 209.
Tualcha mura custom, i, 181 n. 3.
Tudor, Margaret: her matrimonial adventures, ii, 57, 58, notes.
Tupinambás, i, 105, 106, 144.
Turanian system of consanguinity, i, 68, 69.
Turner, L. M.: on the Innuit, i, 126 n. 1. 143 n. 1;
natives of Ungava District, 165 and n. 2.
Turner, Paul: on Nestor and on the law of Black George, i, 190 n. 1;
denies wife-purchase among the Slavs, 199 n. 8.
Tutelage of women among the Germans, i, 259 and n. 4;
weakened in the evolution of free marriage, 276-86.
Tyburn: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.
Tylor, E. B.: his _On a Method_, i, 6, 8 n. 2;
his _Matriarchal Family_, 37;
on headship of woman in the family, 45;
exogamy and the class-systems, 72 n. 5, 129;
_Couvade_, 112 n. 4;
exogamy, 121 and n. 3.
Tyndale, W.: on marriage of priests, i, 388 n. 4;
nature of matrimony, 393;
his casuistry regarding desertion, ii, 74.
Uaupés: intermarry with persons of other tribes, i, 128.
Uganda: bride-price in, i, 194.
Ulpian: on _consensus_, i, 292 n. 4.
Unfree: marriage of, i, 257, 276 n. 1.
(_See_ Slave marriages.)
Ungava District, i, 105, 165 and n. 2.
Unger, J.: his _Ehe_ characterized, i, 33;
his theory of gynocracy, 44;
on the bridal ring, 280 n. 3.
Uniform social progress: theories of, i, 8, 9.
Unitarian marriage bill, i, 461, 462.
Unyoros: divorce by symbolical act among, i, 241;
remarriage of divorced couple, 247 n. 2.
Urabunna: their form of marriage, i, 72 n. 6.
_Urfamilie_, of Hellwald, i, 58, 59.
Usher _v._ Troop (Throop), ii, 151 n. 3.
_Usus_, marriage by: how dissolved, ii, 15 n. 1;
weakened by _senatus consultum_, 15 n. 2.
Utah: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 479;
polygamous marriages regulated, 476, 477;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
divorce, iii, 131-33;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
rejects common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201;
divorce rate, 218 n. 3.
Vaîgneur _v._ Kirk, ii, 263, note, 416 n. 2;
iii, 77, 176 n. 1.
Valentine: on bundling, ii, 271, 272.
Vanderbosk, L.: solemnizes marriages in Boston, ii, 137 and n. 3.
Vannes, Council of: allows remarriage after divorce, ii, 39.
Van Voorhis _v._ Brintnall, iii, 145.
Veddahs, the Dravidian of Ceylon: monogamy among, i, 142 and n. 2;
no wife-purchase, 218;
no divorce, 228;
love checks divorce, 248.
Veil, the bridal, i, 295 and n. 3.
Vein to the heart, i, 306 and n. 2.
Venus, the Italian, i, 51.
Verberie, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 42-44.
Vermont: celebration of marriages in, ii, 393;
unauthorized celebration, 395;
age of parental consent to marriage, 396;
checks marriage of paupers, 400 and n. 7;
survival of optional system of banns or posting, 403 n. 1;
certificate and record, 404;
return, 405, 406;
collection and record of statistics, 408;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 15, 16;
remarriage, 21;
residence, 23, 24;
notice, 26, 27;
alimony, 29, 30;
rejects common-law marriage, 179;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198;
divorce rate, 209, 212 n. 1.
Vignoli, Tito: quoted, i, 99, 100.
Virginia, the colony: slave baptism in, ii, 221;
ecclesiastical marriage and lay administration, 228-34;
license, 234;
secret marriages, 235;
first wedding, 235, 236;
fornication, courtship, 236, 237;
marriage agreement, 237-39;
separate alimony, not divorce, granted, 368-71;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 171, 172.
---- the state: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 409-13;
unauthorized celebration, 425;
marriages of freedmen, 426;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428-30;
forbidden degrees, 433, 435;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
optional system of banns or license, 442, 443;
license, by whom issued, 446, 447;
return, 449, 450;
state registration, 452;
legislative divorce, iii, 35, 36;
judicial divorce, 50-52;
remarriage, 79, 80;
residence, 84, 85;
process, 89;
alimony, 90, 92, 93;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 181, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
Void or voidable marriages: in England, ii, 92-102;
New England, 397-401;
southern and southwestern states, 435-41;
middle and western states, 475-79;
reform needed, iii, 194.
Wadium, i, 268.
Waitz, Georg: on _mund_, i, 260 n. 1.
Waitz, Theodor: on adultery among Micronesians, i, 106 and n. 4;
incest among New England Indians, 126 n. 1.
Wake, C. S.: on polyandry, i, 135;
subordinate wives, 144 n. 5;
causes of polygyny, 136 n. 3, 146 n. 6, 148 n. 3;
wife-purchase, 216 n. 2.
Wales: _trevs_ or clan-households in, i, 129;
symbolical capture, 173.
Wallace, A. R.: on sexual selection, i, 204, 205.
Walpole, Horace: quoted, i, 448 n. 3;
on the Hardwicke Act, 449 n. 2, 457.
Walter, Archbishop: his canon against clandestine marriages, i, 314;
enforcement of banns, 360.
Walter, F.: on marriage, i, 265 nn. 1, 2;
nuptial ceremonies, 285 n. 4;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.
Wanton, William: marriage of, ii, 134 n. 5.
Ward, L. F.: cited, iii, 240 n. 4;
on woman's sexual subjection, 241, 242;
influence of higher ideal of love on marriage, 245 n. 1.
Washington: marriage celebration in, ii, 463, 464;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 471-73;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 98, 99;
judicial divorce, 135, 136;
remarriage, 148;
Willey _v._ Willey, 151;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
intervention of prosecuting attorney, 159;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
rejects common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.
Watch-an-dies, Australian, i, 99.
Waters, R. E.: on parish records during the Commonwealth, i, 426;
marriage of Frances Cromwell, 429-31.
Wazaramo, African: their divorce by symbolical act, i, 240, 241.
Weeden, W. B.: on civil-marriage contract, ii, 132 n. 4;
quoted, 152, 153;
cited, 157 n. 2;
status of slaves in New England colonies, 215.
Weeks, S. B.: quoted, ii, 252, 254, 256 n. 1, 257, 259 n. 2.
Weinhold, Karl: cited, i, 258 n. 2;
on early German nuptials, 272 nn. 2, 4;
marriage of widows, 273 n. 1;
adultery among early Teutons, ii, 36 n. 1.
_Weotuma_, or bride-price, i, 259 and n. 3;
whether price of the _mund_, 260 and n. 1;
other terms for, 262, 263;
as provision for widow, 266, 267;
when paid, 273.
_Wergeld_: its relation to _mund_, i, 265.
West-Cambridge _v._ Lexington, iii, 18 and n. 1.
Westermarck, Edward: his use of "human marriage," i, 7, note;
accents psychological causes, 9 n. 3;
on peoples with descent in male line, 18;
paternal power among Greeks, Germans, and Celts, 28 n. 2;
use of term "matriarchate," 44 n. 1;
evidence of alleged promiscuity, 47, 48;
nomenclatures, 72;
origin of the family among lower animals, 92, 98, 99;
sexual instinct, 101;
defines marriage, 102;
female kinship, 111-13;
"beena" marriage, 115;
incest, forbidden degrees, and exogamy, 125-32;
origin of polyandry, 136-41;
causes determining sex of offspring, 138, 139;
methods of wife-purchase, 185;
marriage by service, 186 n. 3;
primitive liberty of sexual choice, 202;
sexual attraction, 203-7;
standards of beauty, 207 n. 5;
on the Padams, 217, 218;
wooing gifts, 221;
effects of property on divorce, 248;
conservative influence of wife-purchase, 249 n. 1.
West Goths: wife-purchase among, i, 264.
West Victoria: divorce in, i, 229, 230.
West Virginia: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 413;
unauthorized celebration, 425;
marriages of freedmen, 426;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428-30;
forbidden degrees, 433, 435;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
favors marriage, 441;
license system, 447;
return, 449, 450;
state registration, 452;
divorce, iii, 52, 53;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 85;
process, 89;
alimony, 93;
rejects common-law marriage, 180;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.
_Wette_ or _wed_: the formal contract, i, 268, 271;
derivation, and of kindred terms, 274 n. 4;
in self-betrothal, 278.
Wharton, W.: self-marriage of, ii, 289, 290.
Wheaton, Christopher and Martha: case of, ii, 190, 191.
Whitforde, Richard: on secret contracts, i, 350.
Whitefield, George: and the "great awakening," ii, 197.
Whitgift, Archbishop: defends English marriage ritual, i, 301 n. 3;
his controversy with Cartwright, 410-12;
defends the divorce jurisdiction of the spiritual courts, ii, 81;
presides in the council at Lambeth, 82 and n. 2.
Whitney, H. C.: cited, iii, 208 n. 2.
Whitmore, H. J.: quoted, iii, 146.
Whitmore, W. H.: on divorce in Massachusetts colony, ii, 331 and
n. 4, 332;
on the Freeman case, 338 n. 4.
Widow-men: among the Chambioás, i, 109 and n. 1.
Widow-sacrifice: i, 107 n. 1.
Widows: their nuptials among early Germans, i, 273 n. 1;
first to be emancipated from tutor's control, 277;
hand covered at second nuptials, 305 and n. 3.
Wife-capture, 1, 55, 56-58;
origin according to Morgan, 69;
McLennan's theory, 84, 85, 87 and n. 2, 117;
Spencer on, 117-20, 176 n. 1;
Lubbock on, 120;
and the symbol of rape, 156-79;
existing with wife-purchase, 179-84;
its significance exaggerated, 158, 162, 163, 184;
examples of actual, 158-62;
the symbol of rape, 163-80;
its coexistence with wife-purchase, 180-84;
implies economic progress, 201;
among the Germans, 258.
Wife-lending, i, 49, 50 n. 1, 52;
regulated in Australia, 53 n. 3, 71.
Wife-pawning and mortgaging, i, 194 and n. 3.
Wife-purchase, i, 55, 56-58;
its origin according to Morgan, 69;
place in the evolution of forms of marriage and the family, 55-65,
179;
at dawn of Teutonic history, 156;
place of, in the rise of the marriage contract, 179-201;
whether a universal phase of evolution, 179, 180;
coexistence with wife-capture, 180-84;
extent of the custom, 184, 185;
by exchange, 185, 186;
by service, 186-89;
for a price, 189-201;
implies economic advancement, 201, 202;
coexistent with free marriage, 210-20;
not found among some low tribes, 217, 218;
significance of gifts, 218, 219;
checks divorce, 249 and n. 1;
its existence among the Old English and early Germans, 253-86.
Wilda, W. E.: on adultery among early Germans, ii, 35.
Wilken, G. A.: on Arabian marriages, i, 17 and n. 3.
Willard, Frances E.: leader of crusade against age-of-consent laws,
iii, 196.
Willcox, Walter F.: cited, iii, 206 n. 2;
on the divorce rate in United States and Europe, 210 and n. 5,
211;
marriage and divorce rates fall in hard times, 215;
influence of legislation on the divorce rate, 216-18;
uniform laws of Switzerland, 222 n. 3.
Willey _v._ Willey, iii, 151.
William the Conqueror: his separation of lay and ecclesiastical
jurisdictions, Cartwright on, i, 411, 412.
Willis and Bowne: their petition, ii, 292, 293.
Windsor: regulates single men, ii, 152, 153.
Winslow, Edward: imprisoned in the Fleet for solemnizing marriage,
ii, 131, 132.
Winsor, Justin: cited, i, 9 n. 1.
Winthrop, Governor John: his testimony as to civil marriage,
ii, 127;
reason for not at first requiring it by statute, 132 n. 5;
on the law of adultery, 170 n. 1;
pre-contract, 179 n. 2;
Bellingham's marriage, 210, 211.
Winthrop, Widow: courted by Sewall, ii, 205, 207, 208.
Wintun, i, 146 n. 1, 217.
Wisconsin: marriage celebration in, ii, 462, 463, 265;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 492;
celebrant's record and marriage certificate, 492;
state registration, 494, 495;
divorce, iii, 122-24;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 155;
notice, 158;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 203;
divorce rate, 210.
Withington, C. F.: on consanguine marriages, i, 130 n. 2.
Witnesses at marriage celebration: under law of 1653, i, 426;
required by the Hardwicke Act, 458;
under present English law, 471, 473.
---- in the American colonies: Maryland, ii, 241;
South Carolina, 260;
New Jersey, 310;
Pennsylvania, 318.
---- in the states, Rhode Island, ii, 394;
southern and southwestern, 423;
middle and western, 465, 466;
summary of laws, iii, 190.
Wittenberg consistory: as a model, ii, 70 n. 4.
_Witthum_, or bride-price, i, 259.
Wives by exchange, i, 185, 186;
by service, 186-89.
Wollstonecraft, Mary: her writings, iii, 237, 238.
Woman: her alleged status under mother-right or matriarchy, i,
40-46;
raised by a share in economic functions, 63;
functions of, in sexual selection, 202, 206, 207;
her liberty of choice in marriage, 208, 210;
effect of a share in labor, 211 and n. 4;
tutelage of, among early Germans, 259 n. 4.
---- her treatment as to divorce, at Athens, ii, 12 and n. 3;
among Hebrews, 12, 13, 20 n. 3;
by the Roman law, 14-19, 32;
according to scriptural teaching, 20;
views of the early Fathers, 24-26;
Augustine's view, 27;
that of Basil and others, 28;
Constantine's legislation, 30;
that of Theodosius II., 31, 32;
under early German law, 34-37;
her equality according to Christian principle, 37;
under Æthelberht, 39;
Council of Soissons, 42;
synods of Verberie and Compiègne, 42-44;
penitentials, 45, 46;
mature canon law, 53;
at the Reformation, 62, 65, 66;
English Reformers, 73;
Hooper, 74;
Bucer, 75, 76;
_Reformatio legum_, 79;
Milton, 86, 88-92;
under parliamentary divorce, 105, 106;
present English law, 110, 111, 114-17.
---- her liberation involves the destiny of the family, iii, 235;
early literature regarding, 236 and nn. 1, 2, 3, 237-39, notes;
effect of her new activities, 239-41;
of higher education, 242;
does educated woman shun maternity, 243-45;
effects of coeducation, 246;
of political and economic equality, 246-50;
how involved in the divorce problem, 250-53.
Women: may celebrate marriages in Maine, ii, 393.
Wood's case, ii, 384 and n. 2, 385.
Wood, Thomas D.: on the family life of the future, iii, 258, 259.
Wooer: the male as, i, 202-7;
opportunity for free wooing under wife-purchase, 212.
Wooing gifts, i, 218, 219.
Woolsey, T. D.: on attempted divorce of Hipparete, ii, 12 n. 3;
_porneia_, 20 n. 1;
Jewish law of divorce, 20 n. 3;
Paul's teaching regarding divorce, 21 n. 2;
Hermas's views on divorce, 28 and n. 1;
divorce by mutual consent under Christian emperors, 29, 30;
Constantine's divorce law, 31;
that of Theodosius II., 31, 32;
adultery under Christian emperors, 32 n. 4;
Luther's use of "desertion," 63 n. 1;
Zurich ordinance of 1525, 64, 65;
Luther's penalty for adultery, 67;
Foljambe's case, 82 n. 2;
voidable marriages, 94, 95;
legislative divorce in the New England colonies, ii, 349 n. 2.
Wotjäken: proof-marriages among, i, 49 and n. 2;
wife-lending among, 49, 50;
prostitution of girls, 49 n. 1.
Wren, Bishop: his orders regarding the marriage celebration, i, 417
and n. 3.
Wright, Carroll D.: his report on marriage and divorce, iii, 205,
209, 210;
quoted on migration for divorce, 206;
judicial administration of divorce laws, 207;
influence of legislation, 218;
late marriages, 243;
moral character of divorce, 252, 253.
Wright's case, ii, 191 n. 2.
Wundt, W.: cited, i, 98.
Würtemberg: ordinance of, ii, 68.
Wyandots: position of woman among, i, 45;
polyandry prohibited among, 143 n. 1.
Wyatt, Walter: the Fleet parson, i, 442 n. 1.
Wyoming: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
divorce, iii, 130, 131;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 157;
notice, 158;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.
Yaméos: avoid marriage with persons of same community, i, 128.
Young, Ernest: denies _patria potestas_, among Germans, i, 260,
note.
York: its marriage ritual, i, 284, 301, 303-8, 311.
Yucatan: pueblos in, i, 129;
marriage by service, 186;
husband's sole right of divorce, 231.
Yurok, of California: husband's sole right of divorce among, i, 231.
Zara: effects of divorce in, i, 242.
_Zeitehen_, i, 49 and n. 3, 235 n. 1.
Zimmer, H.: on Hindu wife-purchase, i, 197, 198 n. 1.
Zoepfl, H.: on Tacitus's account of the betrothal, 262 n. 2;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;
divorce among the early Germans, ii, 34 n. 1.
Zulus: bride-price among, i, 193, 194;
love a check to divorce, 248.
Zwingli, Ulrich: his liberal views on divorce, ii, 64.