=========================+=====================+=============
DIAMETER: | |
--------------+----------+ Length, in meters. | Number of
Centimeters. | Inches. | | gate-valves.
--------------+----------+---------------------+-------------
10.2 | 4 | 49,831.68 | 677
15.2 | 6 | 31,918.31 | 306
30.5 | 12 | 14,461.31 | 117
38.1 | 15 | 1,661.98 | 11
45.7 | 18 | 4,522.61 | 5
61.0 | 24 | 2,826.54 | 10
76.2 | 30 | 1,454.40 |
--------------+----------+---------------------+-------------
Totals | 106,676.83 | 1,126
=========================+=====================+=============
The pipes were all cast according to the British Standard Specification,
in 3.65-m. (12-ft.) lengths, and were supplied by Messrs. D. Y. Stewart
and Company, and Messrs. Dick, Kerr and Company, of Kilmarnock and
London. The valves were all of standard design, faced with gun-metal,
and were supplied by Messrs. Glenfield and Kennedy, Limited, of
Kilmarnock, Scotland.
In the distribution system it is proposed to provide 200 fire-hydrants,
by arrangement with the municipality, but only a few of these have been
placed. The general type is a double hydrant for two 63.5-mm.
(2-1/2-in.) streams. These are to be placed at the corner of every block
in the business portion of the city; single-way hydrants will be used in
the residential districts.
_Laying Cast-iron Pipes._--Table 10 has been prepared to show what can
be accomplished with Mexican labor in laying pipes. In this kind of work
the labor was particularly efficient; after the gangs were once drilled
into shape, the work proceeded systematically, and at very good speed.
All the pipes, after being laid, were tested to 150 lb. per sq. in. in
the presence of the Technical Inspector.
Table 11 gives the details of the excavation, the material, and the
average cost, of laying about 106.6 km. of pipes.
_House Connections._--The ordinary house connections, which are of
19-mm. (3/4-in.) galvanized-steel pipe, are connected to the mains by
lead goosenecks and brass corporation cocks. The Company's obligation
under the concession extended to the edge of the sidewalk, and at this
point curb-boxes, chiefly of the Hays pattern, were placed; but,
subsequently, owing to the metering of every house service in the city,
the control of the Company extended to the meter, which, as a rule, is
placed immediately inside of the house. Owing to the rapid deterioration
of the house service pipes in some districts of the northern part of the
city, where the soil is formed of decaying organic matter, it has been
decided to use lead pipe entirely from the main to the meter.
_Damage Due to Floods._--During the night of August 27th, the main
61-cm. pipe, under the river bed of Santa Catarina, at the point where
the main entered the city, was destroyed for a distance of 130 m., due
to the scouring away of a whole block of city property. The Venturi
meter register chart at the South Reservoir showed that the break
occurred a few minutes before midnight. The location of this pipe is
shown by Fig. 5; its broken end was in proximity to an old bridge pier.
Fortunately, at the time of the flood, the Obispado Reservoir works were
completed, and the whole city was supplied with water from San Geronimo
within 48 hours. As only about 1,500 services had then been connected,
this delay was not serious; in fact, in the lower part of the city, the
water in the mains was sufficient until the San Geronimo supply could be
connected. To make a temporary connection to conduct the high-pressure
water to the city, a 15-cm. steel pipe was placed above ground, on the
line of the main, for a distance of 100 m. This pipe was supported by a
cable, 30 mm. in diameter, and by timber trestles. By limiting the
supply district, this pipe was of sufficient capacity to serve until the
large main could be safely restored.
TABLE 10.--COST OF LAYING AND JOINTING CAST-IRON PIPES, EXCLUDING
LOWERING AND TESTING.
+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| | | 76 CM. (30 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Employees. | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 20 | 0.498 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 12 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | ... | 22 | 36.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 61 CM. (24 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Employees. | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 5 | 15.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 25 | 0.410 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 10 | 10.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | ... | 21 | 37.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 50 CM. (20 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| Employees. | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 35 | 0.287 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 12 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 22 | 36.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 45.7 CM. (18 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| Employees. | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 40 | 0.221 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 8 | 8.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 18 | 32.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 38 CM. (15 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| Employees. | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 45 | 0.196 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 8 | 8.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 18 | 32.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+-------------------+
| | | 30.5 CM. (12 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| Employees. | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 60 | 0.147 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 8 | 8.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 18 | 32.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 15 CM. (6 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Employees. | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 100 | 0.082 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 6 | 6.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 16 | 30.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| | | 10 CM. (4 IN.) |
| | +-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Employees. | Rate for | Total | Total cost | No. of | Cost per |
| | 10-hour | No. | of labor. | pipes | linear |
| | day. | men. | Pesos. | laid. | meter. |
| | Pesos. | | | | Pesos. |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
| Foreman | 4.50 | 1 | 4.50 | ... | ... |
| Caulkers | 3.00 | 4 | 12.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead pourers | 2.00 | 2 | 4.00 | ... | ... |
| Lead melter | 1.50 | 1 | 1.50 | 150 | 0.0574 |
| Pipe cutter | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | ... | ... |
| Peons | 1.00 | 6 | 6.00 | ... | ... |
| Water boy | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | ... | ... |
| | | | | | |
| | | 16 | 30.50 | ... | ... |
+--------------+----------+-------+------------+--------+----------+
TABLE 11.--CAST-IRON WATER PIPES.--COST
OF MATERIALS AND LAYING AT MONTERREY.