The Dacre tomb and charities—Lady Jane Cheyne, who gave her name to
Cheyne Walk—The churchwarden’s official seat—The pulpit where Wesley
preached—Dr. Baldwin Hamey and his servant Fletcher—Church burials
and the More descendants—The chained books—Public Bible-reading
in the eighteenth century—The font and organ—The Queen’s Royal
Volunteers—The Ashburnham bell—Books of authority on Chelsea history.
THE most beautiful monument in the church is the great Dacre tomb.
Lady Dacre was a Sackville and an heiress, and succeeded to the
possession of Sir Thomas More’s Beaufort House. She married Lord Dacre
of the South—a magnificent Elizabethan title—and their name is still
venerated year by year in Chelsea and Westminster for the gifts and
charities to which they devoted their fortune. They left no family—the
poor stiff little daughter in the very uncomfortably designed cradle
beside them having been their only child—and their estates in Chelsea,
Kensington, and Brompton passed to Lord Burleigh, with numberless
bequests attached for local objects. Emanuel Hospital, Westminster, is
their foundation, and Chelsea has the right to two annual presentations
conditionally on the tomb being kept clean and in repair. One is
tempted to ask whether the conditions are being fulfilled, for the
colouring of the wonderful canopy could surely be very much improved
by a little knowledgeable wiping and polishing, and the Elizabethan
pair themselves—he in late heavy armour, she in “French hood,”
Mary, Queen of Scots’ introduction, and ruff—might be reverently
dusted with advantage to their beautiful Renaissance detail. The tomb
originally stood in the More Chapel, which Lady Dacre inherited with
Beaufort House, and was moved to its present position in 1667. It is
unfortunately placed very much askew to the window and the water-gate
which it completely blocks—and this is the more to be regretted
because the south side is deficient in exits, and the restoration of
the water-gate, as seen in an old print, would add to the beauty and
convenience of the church.
In the north wall, and almost opposite the Dacre tomb (if anything in
the Old Church can be accounted to pair with anything else!), reclines
Lady Jane Cheyne, a very heroically proportioned lady, daughter of the
first Duke of Newcastle, and, like her father, an ardent royalist. As
quite a girl she held Welbeck House, with a slender garrison, for King
Charles, and all her life she devoted her fortune to the maintenance of
the royal cause and support of her father in exile. She married Lord
Cheyne, of a Buckinghamshire family, and bought the Manor House and
Palace which had been the scene of so much Tudor history-making, where
she lived to see the Restoration of King Charles II. and to benefit
Chelsea by her good deeds for fourteen years. Cheyne Walk is named
after her, to commemorate her benevolence and exemplary life at the
great house which had sheltered many less admirable characters; she was
a special patroness of the church, where she directed the renovations
of 1667, and possibly it is to her taste that we owe the unfortunate
prominence of two magnificent monuments which would have gained so much
by being more discreetly located. Lady Jane’s figure and surroundings
are scarcely in proportion, but she is an aristocrat to her finger
tips—those wonderful finger tips, which seem to have been assured to
the royalists of Vandyke’s day!—and one can imagine her holding a
fortress, or later, writing a manual of elegant devotions, with equal
distinction.
The little three-cornered pew, to the right of Lady Jane’s tomb, is
the dignified sitting intended for the churchwarden; the mitre which
is still found on a panel here and there tells of the Bishop of
Winchester’s residence in Chelsea during the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries.
Standing in the middle aisle, the beauty of the pulpit carving
must strike every lover of oak, and it is inspiring to think that a
broad-minded Chelsea rector, the Hon. and Rev. W. B. Cadogan, invited
John Wesley and Whitfield to occupy it. The canopy of the pulpit has
been lost, but from wood once part of the “three-decker” structure, the
chairs have been fashioned which stand by the altar; the font-cover of
oak was found in 1910 in a neglected corner of the tower, and with it
two handsome Georgian pewter alms dishes dated 1754; these have been
restored to use for Sunday collections. Among the hatchments, many of
which remain unidentified, that of Rector Cadogan has been recognised
with its motto “Christ, the Hope of Glory”; he died in 1797.
On the pillar north of the pulpit hangs the tablet of the clever
and eccentric Dr. Baldwin Hamey, who retired from medical practice
in 1665 and came to live at Chelsea. He gave liberally to the
church restoration fund—perhaps influenced by Lady Jane Cheyne’s
enthusiasm—but as a scientist he was intolerant of dogma, and used
to carry a leather-bound Virgil to church with him, which passed for
a Testament, and saved him from the tedium of listening to doctrine
to which he did not conform. He was buried, uncoffined and merely
wrapped in a sheet, in the chancel, and his epitaph is a hopeless one,
“When the breath goeth out of a Man, he returneth to his Earth,” but
later, in 1880, the Royal College of Physicians restored his tablet “in
grateful remembrance of their benefactor,” and in spite of the declared
pessimism of his creed, his good work is not “interred with his
bones,” but lives in the kindly worded remembrance of his scientific
brotherhood.
On the opposite pillar (south side) a tiny figure of St. Luke, “the
doctor’s saint,” stands on a bracket; it formerly decorated the canopy
of the pulpit. It was contributed by John Fletcher—Dr. Hamey’s servant
and assistant—to the ornamentation of the church at its restoration
in 1667, when the “beloved physician” was still patron of the parish.
No one has ever satisfactorily explained why, for 300 years, the old
dedication to All Saints was in abeyance, and St. Luke was substituted;
perhaps at the Reformation St. Luke, the man of science, was
considered a more suitable patron for the Church of the New Learning.
The stones and inscriptions on the floor of the church show that many
Chelsea people lie beneath. Sometimes the scrutiny of names leads
to considerable enlightenment of family and local history, but for
Chelsea’s visitors this study has no special attraction, so we will
not burden them with pavement inscriptions. From a corner between the
More Chapel and the nave, nine leaden coffins were removed about forty
years ago, when the heating of the church necessitated new stove-pipes.
These coffins were supposed to belong to the More family, and may
have enclosed the bodies of Will and Margaret Roper, of “Mistress
More,” the Chancellor’s second wife, and of Bishop Fisher, but their
identification was uncertain. They were removed to the Parish Church in
Sydney Street and privately re-interred.
The chained books under the south window are a more cheerful reminder
of Tudor times, and of Henry VIII.’s decree of a Parish Church Bible,
though these are not the original sixteenth-century volumes, but a
later set presented by Sir Hans Sloane. They consist of:
A “Vinegar” Bible (Baskett’s edition, dated 1717).
The Book of Common Prayer, 1723.
The Book of Homilies (2 volumes) formerly belonging to Trelawny, the
great Bishop of Winchester, 1683.
Two volumes (Nos. I. and III.) of Foxe’s _Book of Martyrs_. A very fine
edition dated 1684.
Tradition connects these two volumes of Foxe with Charles II., who
died in the year 1685. It is possible, though no history of the books
records the fact as certain, that they were the King’s property, given
or lent to his physician; we love royal tradition in Chelsea, and there
is nothing against our adopting this one.
The volumes themselves are splendidly bound, printed, and illustrated,
but during a careless or too confiding period, when the oak book-case
was open to all comers, several illustrations and some of the brass
clasps and hinges were carried off as souvenirs, and the case is now
strictly locked. It, and the chains, are comparatively modern.
I knew an old Chelsea lady who told me that her grandmother was in the
habit of repairing to the church every Tuesday and reading aloud from
the Bible to as many hearers as cared to listen for an hour, and that
the school children regularly attended the reading. While this links
us curiously with a past when the Bible was still a rarity, not to be
found in everybody’s hands, it makes a suggestion of supplementary
education from which our own century might profitably learn a lesson.
The font dates from about 1673; the gilding on the cover is the
original work. The ship’s bucket in oak standing beside it was
presented by members of the choir in 1910. The organ, a very
sweet-toned instrument, has been recently beautifully repaired and
enlarged by the Rev. Malcolm and Mrs. Farmer.
The Colours of the Chelsea Volunteers are the only two flags remaining
of a considerable number which adorned the church in 1814. The
King’s Colour is said to have been worked by Queen Charlotte and her
daughters, and an old print depicts her presenting it to the regiment
of the “Queen’s Royal Volunteers”; the picture is chiefly remarkable
for the immense amount of cumbrous clothing worn by the Volunteers,
and the very scanty draperies of Queen Charlotte and her ladies. The
corps was raised in 1804, when Bonaparte threatened invasion, and the
Regimental Colour bears a medallion portrait of St. Luke, and the
inscription, “St. Luke, Chelsea.” A board in the porch chronicles this
presentation, but beyond a loyal willingness to serve, I do not know
that the Chelsea Volunteers were ever called upon to show further
fight. Opposite this board the Ashburnham Bell reposes, a witness to
the legend of 1679, when the Hon. William Ashburnham, swamped in the
mud of Chelsea Reach, regained his bearings by hearing the church clock
strike nine, and made for the shore by the sound, instead of plunging
further into the tideway.
In gratitude, he presented this bell to be rung at nine every night
from Michaelmas to Lady Day, and left a sum of money to endow it The
bell-ringing ceased in 1822, when the peal of the old church was broken
up to provide new bells for St. Luke’s in Sydney Street, but in memory
of the Ashburnham deliverance and bequest the clock is illuminated
every evening at sunset, and by oil lantern, by candle, by gas, and now
by electricity, tells the story of the rescue to all who pass by.
I have, for want of space, omitted many smaller tablets and
inscriptions, which, curious enough in their way, and important in the
mosaic of our parish history, are yet little interesting to the passing
visitor, unless he is bent on following up some special clue of family
or local weight. Should such be his study, I would counsel him to
refer to Mr. Reginald’s Blunt’s _Historical Handbook_, to Mr. Randall
Davies’ splendid _History of the Old Church_, or to the Rev. S. P. T.
Prideaux’s _Short Account of Chelsea Old Church_, to all of which I am
infinitely beholden.
NOTES