LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL
SURVEY OF LONDON
ISSUED BY THE JOINT PUBLISHING COMMITTEE REPRESENTING THE LONDON COUNTY
COUNCIL AND THE COMMITTEE FOR THE SURVEY OF THE MEMORIALS OF GREATER
LONDON
UNDER THE GENERAL EDITORSHIP OF
SIR LAURENCE GOMME (_for the Council_)
PHILIP NORMAN (_for the Survey Committee_)
VOLUME V.
THE PARISH OF ST. GILES-IN-THE-FIELDS
(Part II.)
PUBLISHED BY THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL, SPRING GARDENS, LONDON
1914
THE PARISH OF ST. GILES-IN-THE-FIELDS (PART II.), BEING THE FIFTH VOLUME
OF THE SURVEY OF LONDON, WITH DRAWINGS, ILLUSTRATIONS AND ARCHITECTURAL
DESCRIPTIONS, BY W. EDWARD RILEY, ARCHITECT TO THE COUNCIL. EDITED, WITH
HISTORICAL NOTES, BY SIR LAURENCE GOMME, CLERK OF THE COUNCIL.
JOINT PUBLISHING COMMITTEE REPRESENTING THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL AND
THE COMMITTEE FOR THE SURVEY OF THE MEMORIALS OF GREATER LONDON.
_Chairman._
E. L. MEINERTZHAGEN.
_Members appointed by the Council._
GRANVILLE-SMITH, R. W.
JOHNSON, W. C.
MEINERTZHAGEN, E. L.
TAYLOR, ANDREW T.
_Members appointed by the Survey Committee._
GODFREY, WALTER H.
LOVELL, PERCY.
NORMAN, PHILIP.
MEMBERS OF THE SURVEY COMMITTEE DURING THE PERIOD OF THE WORK.
THE FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMITTEE WERE—
THE LATE LORD LEIGHTON, P.R.A.
THE LATE RT. HON. AND RT. REV. DR. CREIGHTON, LORD BISHOP OF LONDON.
_President._
THE RT. HON. EARL CURZON OF KEDLESTON, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., F.R.S.
_Honorary Members and Subscribers._
The Rt. Hon. LORD ABERDARE.
The BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
C. E. ALLEN.
Mrs. J. W. ALLEN.
Sir ROBERT ALLISON.
The SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
WILLIAM SUMNER APPLETON.
The ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION.
The SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS.
The ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS.
The ATHENÆUM.
JOHN AVERY.
SAMUEL P. AVERY.
E. BURRELL BAGGALLAY.
E. J. BARRON.
B. T. BATSFORD.
BOYLSTON A. BEAL.
HENRY FORBES BIGELOW.
Mrs. PERCY BIGLAND.
ARTHUR L. BILHAM.
HARRY W. BIRKS.
The BIRMINGHAM CENTRAL LIBRARY.
The BISHOPSGATE INSTITUTE.
JOHN BRIGGS.
E. W. BROOKS.
A. HERVE BROWNING.
ALFRED BURR.
Mrs. CADIC.
The WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF CARPENTERS.
Miss A. G. E. CARTHEW.
W. J. CHECKLEY.
CYRIL S. COBB.
E. C. COLQUHOUN.
The COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
The CONSTITUTIONAL CLUB.
WILLIAM W. CORDINGLEY.
The Rt. Hon. LORD COURTNEY OF PENWITH, P.C.
WALTER CRANE.
The Rt. Hon. the EARL OF CRAWFORD, F.S.A.
The CROYDON PUBLIC LIBRARY.
G. J. CROSBIE DAWSON.
GEORGE H. DUCKWORTH.
The BOARD OF EDUCATION.
The Rt. Hon. the EARL FERRERS.
Mrs. CHARLES FEWSTER.
OWEN FLEMING.
Mrs. WICKHAM FLOWER.
Miss FORBES.
Sir GEORGE FRAMPTON, R.A., F.S.A.
Miss AGNES GARRETT.
Sir RICKMAN GODLEE.
GOLDSMITHS’ LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
A. GRAY, K.C.
Miss I. I. GREAVES.
Maj.-Gen. Sir COLERIDGE GROVE, K.C.B.
The GUILDHALL LIBRARY.
RICHARD WALDON HALE.
EDWIN T. HALL, F.R.I.B.A.
Mrs. HENRY HANKEY.
AMBROSE HEAL.
DAVID HILLS.
S. J. G. HOARE.
R. R. HODGSON.
V. T. HODGSON.
J. J. HOLDSWORTH.
CHARLES H. HOPWOOD, F.S.A.
E. J. HORNIMAN.
Miss HUTH.
Mrs. ALFRED HUTH.
EDWARD HUTH.
DOUGLAS ILLINGWORTH.
Mrs. ILLINGWORTH ILLINGWORTH.
Miss EDITH F. INDERWICK.
The Rt. Hon. the VISCOUNT IVEAGH, K.P., G.C.V.O., F.R.S.
EDWARD TYRRELL JAQUES.
GILBERT JENKINS.
PHILIP M. JOHNSTON, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A.
Miss CAROLINE A. JONES.
C. H. F. KINDERMANN.
C. L. KINGSFORD.
Sir HUGH LANE.
Miss E. M. LANG.
G. C. LAWSON.
Sir W. H. LEVER, Bt., M.P.
H. W. LEWER.
OWEN C. LITTLE.
The LONDON LIBRARY.
Dr. G. B. LONGSTAFF.
MARY, COUNTESS OF LOVELACE.
W. L. LUCAS.
JUSTIN HUNTLY MCCARTHY.
WILLIAM MCGREGOR.
The MANCHESTER CENTRAL LIBRARY.
C. O. MASTERS.
Miss B. A. MEINERTZHAGEN.
The METROPOLITAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION.
G. VAUGHAN MORGAN.
JOHN MURRAY, F.R.I.B.A.
The NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY.
ALLAN NICKINSON.
F. H. NORMAN.
R. C. NORMAN.
Mrs. ROBERT NORMAN.
The Rev. J. P. NOYES.
VERE L. OLIVER.
The OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE CLUB.
F. W. PETERS.
Mrs. W. WILTON PHIPPS.
F. W. PLATT.
D’ARCY POWER, F.R.C.S.
Sir E. J. POYNTER, P.R.A., F.S.A.
F. W. PROCTER.
The PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE.
Mrs. F. L. W. RICHARDSON.
COLIN E. READER.
The REFORM CLUB.
Sir JOSEPH SAVORY.
SION COLLEGE.
Mrs. VERNON SMITH.
A. G. SNELGROVE.
W. J. SONGHURST.
H. C. SOTHERAN.
WALTER L. SPIERS.
F. B. SPOONER.
The Rt. Hon. LORD ALEXANDER THYNNE.
A. G. WARREN.
The LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON.
Mrs. WESTLAKE.
Mrs. WHARRIE.
J. BARRINGTON WHITE.
Miss M. J. WILDE.
Dr. GEORGE C. WILLIAMSON.
WALTER WITHALL.
JOHN E. YERBURY.
KEITH D. YOUNG, F.R.I.B.A.
_Active Members._
C. R. ASHBEE.
OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A.
A. H. BLAKE.
W. W. BRAINES.
A. E. BULLOCK, A.R.I.B.A.
G. H. CHETTLE.
A. W. CLAPHAM, F.S.A.
GEORGE CLINCH, F.G.S., F.S.A., Scot.
A. O. COLLARD, F.R.I.B.A.
F. T. DEAR.
WILLIAM DODDINGTON.
H. W. FINCHAM.
MATT. GARBUTT.
WALTER H. GODFREY.
Mrs. ERNEST GODMAN.
T. FRANK GREEN, A.R.I.B.A.
EDWIN GUNN, A.R.I.B.A.
OSBORN C. HILLS, F.R.I.B.A.
E. W. HUDSON.
T. GORDON JACKSON, Licentiate R.I.B.A.
MAX JUDGE.
P. K. KIPPS, A.R.I.B.A.
GILBERT H. LOVEGROVE.
ERNEST A. MANN, Licentiate R.I.B.A.
E. T. MARRIOTT, M.A.
CECIL G. MCDOWELL.
W. MONK, R.E.
SYDNEY NEWCOMBE.
E. C. NISBET.
ROBERT PEARSALL.
A. WYATT PAPWORTH, A.R.I.B.A.
FRANCIS W. READER.
ERNEST RAILTON.
JOHN RAVENSHAW.
FRANCIS R. TAYLOR, Licentiate R.I.B.A.
GEORGE TROTMAN.
Miss E. M. B. WARREN.
W. A. WEBB, A.R.I.B.A.
A. P. WIRE.
W. WONNACOTT, A.R.I.B.A.
E. L. WRATTEN, A.R.I.B.A.
EDWARD YATES.
W. P. YOUNG.
PHILIP NORMAN, F.S.A., LL.D., _Editor of the Committee_.
E. L. MEINERTZHAGEN, J.P., _Treasurer of the Committee_.
PERCY LOVELL, B.A., A.R.I.B.A.,
_Secretary of the Committee_, 27, Abingdon Street, Westminster, S.W.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
GENERAL TITLE PAGE i
SPECIAL TITLE PAGE iii
MEMBERS OF THE JOINT PUBLISHING COMMITTEE iv
MEMBERS OF THE SURVEY COMMITTEE v
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES ix
PREFACE xv
THE SURVEY OF ST. GILES-IN-THE-FIELDS:—
Boundary of the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields 1
High Holborn, from the Parish Boundary to Little Turnstile 3
Nos. 3 and 4, Gate Street 10
High Holborn, between Little Turnstile and Kingsway 13
No. 211, High Holborn 16
Smart’s Buildings and Goldsmith Street 18
Nos. 181 and 172, High Holborn 23
Site of Rose Field (Macklin Street, Shelton Street, Newton
Street (part) and Parker Street (part)) 27
No. 18, Parker Street 33
Great Queen Street (general) 34
No. 2, Great Queen Street 38
Nos. 26 to 28, Great Queen Street 40
Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street 42
Freemasons’ Hall 59
Markmasons’ Hall 84
Great Queen Street Chapel 86
Site of Weld House 93
Nos. 6 and 7, Wild Court 98
No. 16, Little Wild Street 99
No. 1, Sardinia Street 100
Site of Lennox House 101
Nos. 24 and 32, Betterton Street 104
No. 25, Endell Street 105
North of Short’s Gardens 106
Site of Marshland (Seven Dials) 112
The Church of All Saints, West Street 115
Site of the Hospital of St. Giles 117
Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields 127
Nos. 14 to 16, Compton Street 141
Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11, Denmark Street 142
North of Denmark Place 144
Site of The Rookery 145
Nos. 100, 101 and 102, Great Russell Street 147
Bedford Square (General) 150
No. 1, Bedford Square 152
Nos. 6 and 6A, Bedford Square 154
No. 9, Bedford Square 157
No. 10, Bedford Square 158
No. 11, Bedford Square 161
No. 13, Bedford Square 163
No. 14, Bedford Square 164
No. 15, Bedford Square 165
No. 18, Bedford Square 166
No. 23, Bedford Square 167
No. 25, Bedford Square 168
No. 28, Bedford Square 170
No. 30, Bedford Square 171
No. 31, Bedford Square 172
No. 32, Bedford Square 174
No. 40, Bedford Square 176
No. 41, Bedford Square 177
No. 44, Bedford Square 178
No. 46, Bedford Square 179
No. 47, Bedford Square 180
No. 48, Bedford Square 181
No. 50, Bedford Square 183
No. 51, Bedford Square 184
Nos. 68 and 84, Gower Street 185
North and South Crescents and Alfred Place 186
House in rear of No. 196, Tottenham Court Road 188
INDEX
PLATES Nos. 1 to 107
MAP OF THE PARISH
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE.
1. Extract from Agas’s _Civitas Londinum_, showing the
neighbourhood of St. Giles-in-the-Fields _circ._ 1560–70.
2. Purse Field _circ._ 1609, from a deed dated
1650 in the Public Record Office.
3. Extract from Map by Hollar of the area now
forming the West Central District of London,
showing the neighbourhood of St.
Giles-in-the-Fields _circ._ 1658.
4. Extract from Map by Fairthorne and Newcourt
showing the neighbourhood of St.
Giles-in-the-Fields in 1658.
5. Map of the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields
_circ._ 1720 from Strype’s edition of Stow.
6. Plan of the Parishes of St. Giles-in-the-Fields
and St. George Bloomsbury by Hewett, 1815.
7. No. 3, Gate Street, Joinery Details on First Measured
Floor Drawing.
8. No. 211, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
9. No. 181, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
10. No. 172, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
11. No. 1, Sardinia Street Photograph.
No. 18, Parker Street Photograph.
12. No. 2, Great Queen Street, Mahogany Staircase Measured
Drawing.
13. No. 2, Great Queen Street, Details of Staircase Measured
Drawing.
14. Nos. 27 and 28, Great Queen Street, Entrance Measured
Doorcases Drawing.
15. Lead Rainwater Heads and Cisterns Measured
Drawing.
No. 16, Little Wild Street, Carved Deal Mantel Measured
Shelf Drawing.
16. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street in 1846, Photograph.
from a watercolour by J. W. Archer, “House
called Queen Anne’s Wardrobe,” preserved in
the British Museum
“House of the Sardinia Ambassador, Lincoln’s Photograph.
Inn Fields,” from a watercolour (1858) by J.
W. Archer, preserved in the British Museum
17. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Ground, Measured
First and Second Floor Plans Drawing.
18. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Elevation. Measured Drawing
Reproduced by kind permission of B. T. by James C.
Batsford, Ltd., from _Later Renaissance Cook.
Architecture in England_ by John Belcher and
Mervyn E. Macartney.
19. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street (May 1906) Photograph.
20. No. 55, Great Queen Street, Staircase Photograph.
21. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Details of Measured
Staircases Drawing.
22. Freemasons’ Hall, Elevation in 1779 Photograph.
Freemasons’ Hall, Plan of Premises before 1779 Photograph.
(Both are reproduced by kind permission of
the Grand Lodge from engravings in their
possession.)
23. Freemasons’ Hall in 1811 (Façade designed by W. Photograph.
Tyler in 1785), from an Engraving by S. Rawle
after I. Nixon
24. Freemasons’ Hall, Façade (designed by F. P. Photograph.
Cockerell, 1866)
25. Freemasons’ Hall, Elevation of North end of Photograph.
Temple in 1775 (designed by Thos. Sandby),
from an original drawing preserved in the
British Museum
26. Freemasons’ Hall, the Temple looking South Photograph.
27. Freemasons’ Hall, “View of the new Masonic Photograph.
Hall, looking South,” from an original pen
sketch design by Sir J. Soane, 1828,
preserved in the Soane Museum
28. Freemasons’ Hall, Grand Staircase Photograph.
Freemasons’ Hall, Vestibule to Temple Photograph.
29. Markmasons’ Hall, Chimneypiece in Boardroom Photograph.
30. Markmasons’ Hall, Ceiling in Boardroom Photograph.
31. Markmasons’ Hall, Ceiling in Grand Secretary’s Photograph.
Room
32. Great Queen Street Chapel, Exterior Photograph.
33. Great Queen Street Chapel, Interior from the Photograph.
Gallery
34. Little Wild Street, View looking North-east Photograph.
(1906)
35. No. 24, Betterton Street, Entrance Doorcase Measured
Drawing.
36. No. 32, Betterton Street, Entrance Doorcase Photograph.
37. “Queen Anne’s Bath,” No. 25, Endell Street, Photograph.
from a watercolour drawing by J. W. Archer
(1844), preserved in the British Museum
38. “The Bowl Brewery,” from a watercolour drawing Photograph.
by J. W. Archer (1846), preserved in the
British Museum
39. Plan of proposed setting out of Seven Dials, Drawing.
from a drawing on parchment preserved in the
Holborn Public Library
40. Seven Dials Column at Weybridge Photograph.
41. Little Earl Street looking East Photograph.
42. Nos. 14 to 16, New Compton Street, Shop Fronts Photographs.
43. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Ground Plan Measured
Drawing.
44. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Plan of Measured
Ceiling Drawing.
45. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, West Front, Measured Drawing
reproduced by kind permission of H. Cecil by H. Cecil
Newman Newman.
46. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Cross Measured Drawing
Section, reproduced by kind permission of H. by H. Cecil
Cecil Newman Newman.
47. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Exterior Photograph.
from the North-west
48. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Exterior Photograph.
from the North-east
49. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Interior, Photograph.
looking East, 1753. From an engraving by A.
Walker after J. Donowell
50. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Interior, Photograph.
looking West
51. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields: (_a_) Photographs.
Columns and Ceiling, (_b_) Altarpiece
52. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields: (_a_) Carved Photographs.
Oak Frame with Picture of Moses, (_b_)
Painted Glass Panel, probably from former
Church
53. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Lich Gate to Measured
Churchyard Drawing.
54. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Oak Panel Photograph.
(“Resurrection”) in lich gate
55. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Vestry Photograph.
56. No. 5, Denmark Street, Details of Staircase Measured
Drawing.
57. No. 7, Denmark Street, Doorcase Measured
Drawing.
58. No. 7, Denmark Street, Details of Staircase Measured
Drawing.
59. Nos. 10 and 11, Denmark Street Photograph.
60. Denmark Passage, Blacksmith’s Forge Photograph.
61. Bedford Square, South Side Photograph.
62. No. 1, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Measured
Plans Drawing.
63. No. 1, Bedford Square, Front View Photograph.
64. No. 1, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorway Measured
Drawing.
65. No. 1, Bedford Square: Entrance Hall (_a_) Photographs.
looking South, (_b_) showing Staircase
66. No. 1, Bedford Square, Ceiling in Entrance Hall Photograph.
67. No. 1, Bedford Square, Chimney Breast, Rear Photograph.
Room, Ground Floor
68. No. 1, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling, with Photograph.
Painted Panels, Rear Room, First Floor
69. No. 6, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Measured
Plans Drawing.
70. No. 6, Bedford Square, Lantern over Staircase Photograph.
71. No. 6, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Photograph.
Room, First Floor
72. No. 9, Bedford Square, Plaster Plaques: (_a_) Photographs.
On Chimney Breast, Front Room, Ground Floor;
(_b_) On Chimney Breast, Rear Room, Ground
Floor; (_c_) Over Door, Front Room, Ground
Floor
73. No. 9, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling, Front Photograph.
Room, First Floor
74. No. 10, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Photograph.
Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor
75. No. 11, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Measured
Plans Drawing.
76. No. 11, Bedford Square, Exterior Photograph.
77. No. 11, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Photograph.
Room, Ground Floor
78. No. 13, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Photograph.
Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor
79. No. 14, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
80. No. 15, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorway Photograph.
81. No. 18, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Photograph.
Room, Ground Floor
82. No. 23, Bedford Square, Doors and Doorcase, Photograph.
Front Room, Ground Floor
83. No. 25, Bedford Square: (_a_) Chimney Breast, Photographs.
(_b_) Alcove, Front Room, Ground Floor
84. No. 25, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (_a_) Photographs.
Front Room, First Floor; (_b_) Rear Room,
First Floor
85. No. 25, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Photograph.
Painted Panels, Rear Room, First Floor
86. No. 28, Bedford Square: (_a_) Chimneypiece; Photographs.
(_b_) Detail of Central Panel; Front Room,
Ground Floor
87. No. 30, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
88. No. 31, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Rear Room, Photograph.
First Floor
89. No. 32, Bedford Square, Front Elevation Measured
Drawing.
90. No. 32, Bedford Square, Screen in Hall Photograph.
91. No. 32, Bedford Square: (_a_) Panel of Photographs.
Chimneypiece, Rear Room, First Floor; (_b_)
Detail of Chimneypiece, Rear Room, Ground
Floor
92. No. 32, Bedford Square, Ceilings: (_a_) Rear Photographs.
Room, Ground Floor; (_b_) Rear Room, First
Floor
93. No. 40, Bedford Square, Plaster Plaque, Front Photograph.
Room, Ground Floor
94. No. 40, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Photograph.
Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor
95. No. 41, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (_a_) Photographs.
Rear Room, First Floor; (_b_) Front Room,
First Floor
96. No. 44, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
97. Nos. 46–47, Bedford Square, Exterior Photograph.
98. No. 46, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (_a_) Photographs.
Front Room, Ground Floor; (_b_) Front Room,
First Floor
99. No. 47, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorcase Measured and
Drawn by P. K.
Kipps.
100. No. 47, Bedford Square: (_a_) Ceiling over Photographs.
Staircase; (_b_) Chimneypiece, Front Room,
First Floor
101. No. 47, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
102. No. 48, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Photograph.
Room, First Floor
103. No. 48, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
104. No. 50, Bedford Square, Fanlight in Entrance Photograph.
Hall
105. No. 51, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, Photograph.
First Floor
106. (_a_) No. 68, Gower Street; (_b_) No. 84, Gower Photographs.
Street, Doorcases
107. House in rear of No. 196, Tottenham Court Road: Photographs.
(_a_) Exterior; (_b_) Chimneypiece, Front
Room, First Floor
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.
PAGE
1. Stone Boundary Tablet (1691) from No. 2, Sheffield Street 2
2. Rough Plan of High Holborn between the Turnstiles, _circ._
1590 4
3. Stone Tablet (1671), formerly on No. 27, Goldsmith Street 21
4. Stone Tablet (1765), formerly on flank wall of No. 166, Drury
Lane 31
5. Deal Stair Bracket to Outer String to No. 27, Great Queen
Street 41
6. Signature of Wm. Newton 43
7. Nos. 55–58, Great Queen Street. Sketch by J. Nash (1840),
reproduced from _The Growth of the English House_, by J.
Alfred Gotch, by kind permission of B. T. Batsford, Ltd. 48
8. The Disastrous Fire at Freemasons’ Hall, Great Queen
Street—the scene of the conflagration (1883), from a
woodcut in the _Illustrated London News_ 62
9. Freemasons’ Hall, Plan of Principal Floor before the
alterations of 1899 64
10. Cast-iron Hob Grates from Nos. 6 and 7, Wild Court 99
11. Wooden Key at No. 56, Castle Street 114
12. All Saints’ Church, West Street, Exterior. From a watercolour
drawing by T. G. Fraser, reproduced by kind permission of
the Rev. C. W. M. Steffens 115
13. The Top Part of Wesley’s Pulpit 116
14. The Old Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields as it appeared in
the year 1718, from a lithograph of G. Scharf after John
Hall 128
15. Recumbent Effigy of Lady Frances Kniveton 135
16. Tombstone of George Chapman, from a watercolour drawing by J.
W. Archer (1844), preserved in the British Museum 136
17. Cast-iron Enlargement of Seal of the Hospital of St. Giles 139
18. Thanet House, Great Russell Street, from a lithograph by G.
Scharf 148
19. No. 1, Bedford Square, Ornamental Plaster Frieze, Rear Room,
First Floor 153
20. No. 6, Bedford Square, Iron Stair Balusters 154
21. No. 6, Bedford Square, Detail of Plaster Decoration to
Staircase 155
22. No. 10, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans 158
23. No. 10, Bedford Square, Painted Panel in Ceiling, Rear Room,
First Floor 159
24. No. 11, Bedford Square, Frieze and Cornice in Drawing Room 161
25. No. 25, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans 168
26. No. 32, Bedford Square, Wrought-iron Stair Balusters 174
27. No. 48, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans 181
28. No. 51, Bedford Square, Sculptured Panel on Chimneypiece in
Entrance Hall 184
HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. DE BURGH _Or_, a cross _Gules_, in the dexter canton
a lion rampant _Sable_.
2. DIGBY _Azure_, a fleur-de-lis _Argent_, with a
molet for difference.
3. FAIRFAX _Argent_, three bars gemelles _Gules_,
surmounted by a lion rampant _Sable_.
4. CAVENDISH _Sable_, three bucks’ heads caboched
_Argent_.
5. SPENCER Quarterly _Argent_ and _Gules_, in the 2nd
and 3rd quarters a fret _Or_, over all, on
a bend _Sable_, three escallops of the
1st.
6. GREY Barry of six _Argent_ and _Azure_.
7. BROWNE _Sable_, three lions passant in bend between
two double cotisses _Argent_.
8. ELIZABETH, COUNTESS _Argent_, six lions rampant, three, two and
RIVERS. one, _Sable_.
9. O’BRIEN _Gules_, three lions passant guardant in
pale per pale _Or_ and _Argent_.
10. FREDERICK NASSAU DE Quarterly, 1st, _Azure_ semée of billets
ZUYLESTEIN, EARL OF _Or_, a lion rampant of the 2nd for
ROCHFORD. Nassau; 2nd, Or a lion rampant guardant
_Gules_, ducally crowned _Azure_ for
Dietz; 3rd, Gules, a fesse Argent for
Vianden; 4th, _Gules_, two lions passant
guardant in pale _Or_ for Catznellogen;
over all, in an escutcheon _Gules_ three
zules _Argent_, two and one, for
Zuylestein.
11. SHEFFIELD _Argent_, a chevron between three garbs
_Gules_.
12. BURNET _Argent_, three holly leaves in chief
_Vert_, and a hunting horn in base
_Sable_, garnished and stringed _Gules_,
with a molet _Azure_ in the fess point for
difference.
13. CONWAY _Sable_, on a bend cotised _Argent_, a rose
between two amulets _Gules_.
14. FINCH _Argent_, a chevron between three griffins
passant _Sable_.
15. NORTH _Azure_, a lion passant _Or_, between three
fleurs-de-lis _Argent_.
16. ESMÉ STUART, SEIGNEUR Quarterly, 1st and 4th _Azure_, three
D’AUBIGNY, DUKE OF fleurs-de-lis _Or_ within a bordure
LENNOX. _Gules_ charged with seven buckles of the
second, for Aubigny; 2nd and 3rd, _Or_, a
fess chequy _Azure_ and _Argent_ within a
bordure _Gules_ engrailed for Stuart of
Darnley; over all on an escutcheon
_Argent_ a saltire _Gules_ between four
roses of the same, for Lennox.
17. BROWNLOW _Or_, an escutcheon, with an orle of eight
martlets _Sable_.
18. DUDLEY _Or_, a lion rampant _Azure_, double queued
_Vert_.
19. BLOUNT Barry nebulée of six _Or_ and _Sable_.
20. RUSSELL _Argent_, a lion rampant _Gules_, on a chief
_Sable_ three escallops of the first.
PREFACE.
The present volume—the fifth in the Survey of London—completes the
record of the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. As in the case of the
other volumes issued, the important part of the book, from the survey
point of view, is to be found in the photographs and drawings, to which
the letterpress is strictly subservient, but which form only a portion
of the actual collection in the hands of the Council. Nevertheless,
considerable attention has been devoted to history, the more
particularly because existing books on the parish, notably, Parton’s
_Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields_ and Blott’s
_Blemundsbury_, are incomplete, and in many cases actually misleading.
An attempt has been made to retrace the history of each plot of land to
the time before the erection of buildings, that is, practically to the
reign of Elizabeth. No doubt, had time permitted, it would have been
possible to do this adequately in many instances where the investigation
has had to remain incomplete, though it is doubtful whether in all cases
the necessary records are in existence.
The materials for the history have been gathered from diverse sources,
and the lists of occupiers of the various houses dealt with have been
obtained principally from the parish and sewer ratebooks, supplemented
by the Hearth Tax Rolls and information given in deeds. The four Hearth
Tax Rolls used were described in the previous volume[1] dealing with St.
Giles. The sewer ratebooks have not proved of so great assistance in
supplementing the parish books (which begin only in 1730) as was the
case in the previous volume, since, with the important exception of
those containing Lincoln’s Inn Fields and Great Queen Street, there are
very few relating to this parish which date from the 17th century.
It is desired to take this opportunity of thanking those owners and
occupiers of houses who have kindly granted permission to the Council to
make surveys of the interior of their premises, and take photographs for
reproduction in this volume. The thanks of the Council are especially
due to His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G., for information most
willingly imparted with reference to those premises which are in the
Manor of Bloomsbury, and to the Holborn Metropolitan Borough Council for
the facilities given to the Council’s officers for the examination of
the parish ratebooks and other records.
I gladly repeat the acknowledgment, made in Vol. III. of this series, of
the great assistance rendered in connection with the preparation of this
volume by Mr. W. W. Braines, B.A. (Lond.), the officer in charge of the
Records, Publications and Museums Branch of my department.
LAURENCE GOMME.
County Hall,
Spring Gardens, S.W.
_13th March, 1914._
THE PARISH OF ST. GILES-IN-THE-FIELDS
PART II.
BOUNDARY OF THE PARISH OF ST. GILES-IN-THE-FIELDS.
The earliest mention of the parish boundary of St. Giles-in-the-Fields
occurs in a decree of 1222, terminating the dispute between the Abbey of
Westminster and the See of London respecting the ecclesiastical
franchise of the conventual church of St. Peter. According to this the
boundary of the Parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, began at the
watercourse of Tyburn and stretched towards London as far as the garden
of the Hospital of St. Giles, “thence as the way beyond the same garden
extends as far as the boundaries dividing Marshland and the parish of
St. Giles.”[2] This is pretty clear evidence that in those early days
the southern portion of the western boundary of St. Giles passed along
the thoroughfare bounding the Precinct and Marshland on the west, thus
agreeing precisely with the limits at the present day.
Although, however, there does not seem to have been any change in that
comparatively small part of the parish boundary, in many other respects
the limits of the parish have undergone serious modification. The first
considerable alteration took place in 1731, when the Parish of St.
George, Bloomsbury, was formed out of the old parish, and made to
include all that part which lay to the north of High Holborn and east of
Dyot Street and of a line drawn northwards from the latter’s termination
in Great Russell Street (see Plate 6). This northward line was
afterwards slightly modified. Again, quite recently, the parish was
further curtailed as a result of Orders made under the London Government
Act, 1899. The south side of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and the area lying
between Wild Street and Drury Lane, were thereby taken from St. Giles, a
give-and-take line was adopted between the west side of Lincoln’s Inn
Fields and the junction of Kemble Street and Wild Street, and certain
small additions to the parish were made at Francis Street on the north
and Broker’s Alley on the south.
The stone tablet, illustrated on the next page, is a relic of the old
boundary line of the parish. It was built into the wall of No. 2,
Sheffield Street, which premises were demolished in 1903 in connection
with the formation of Kingsway. The stone was preserved by the London
County Council and has been lent to the London Museum.
The boundary between the parishes of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and St.
George, Bloomsbury, cuts through Bedford Square in such a way that
although the greater part of the square is in the former, all the houses
on the east side and a few on the south side are in the parish of St.
George. As it was felt that there were advantages in dealing with the
square as a whole, it was decided that, as had been done in the case of
Lincoln’s Inn Fields,[3] the entire square should be treated in one
volume.
[Illustration]
XXII.—HIGH HOLBORN FROM THE PARISH BOUNDARY TO LITTLE TURNSTILE.
The whole of the space between the parish boundary and Great Turnstile
was occupied by houses at least as early as, and probably long before,
the reign of Henry VIII. In 1545, Edward Stockwood sold to Thomas
Dyxson, 5 messuages and 5 gardens in the parishes of St. Andrew,
Holborn, and St. Giles-in-the-Fields,[4] and when, in the following
year, Dyxson transferred the property to Richard Clyff, the western and
eastern boundaries are described[5] as the tenement of John Coke and the
inn called _The Antelope_, respectively. In the course of the next
century, the five houses seem to have been divided or rebuilt as seven
houses, four of which were in St. Giles, the remaining three being in
St. Andrew’s.[6]
Between the westernmost of these and Great Turnstile there were, in
1545, three houses in the possession of John Coke.[7] These had belonged
to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem before the dissolution of that
monastery.[8]
Great Turnstile is mentioned as early as 1522, under the name
“Turngatlane”[9]; it was also known as “Turnpiklane.”[10] It is quite
certain that in 1545 no houses had been built along the sides of Great
Turnstile, and none probably were erected there until many years later.
The earliest records so far obtained of such houses on the eastern and
western sides of the lane are dated respectively 1632 and 1630[11], and
probably these dates are not far removed from the actual time of
building.
Reference was made in a previous volume[12] to the ten houses belonging
to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem, which, in the reign of Henry
VIII., occupied the frontage of High Holborn, between Great Turnstile
and certain property belonging to the Hospital of St. Giles, and it was
then suggested that their western limit practically corresponded with
the boundary between Cup Field and Purse Field. Definite proof of this
has not been obtained, but it will be shown that the St. John’s property
must have extended to within a little of this, thus occupying the site
of about thirty numbers. Obviously, the houses must have been very
scattered. It is also possible that certain buildings were in existence
further to the west, towards Little Turnstile, as early as the reign of
Edward II.,[13] and certainly the whole of this part of the frontage to
High Holborn was covered in the early part of Elizabeth’s reign.
Agas’s map (Plate 1) shows a single line of buildings extending between
the two turnstiles, but this is not an adequate representation of the
state of affairs in the closing years of the sixteenth century. In order
to describe this, so far as the records which have come to light in the
course of the investigation for this volume will allow, it will be
necessary to go into some detail, but as the point has never before been
dealt with, it has been thought desirable to do so. Although the results
in some cases fall short of certainty, it is hoped that thereby an idea
may be gained of the somewhat complex system of houses, gardens and
orchards that existed between High Holborn and the site of Whetstone
Park. The accompanying plan will render the description of the
properties more easy to follow. It should be understood that the plan is
quite a rough one, and intended merely to give a general idea of the
situation about the year 1590. The discovery of further records would,
no doubt, modify it in certain details.
[Illustration:
HIGH HOLBORN, BETWEEN THE TURNSTILES, CIRC. 1590.
]
Where now is the entrance to Little Turnstile, there then existed an
open ditch or sewer. In the _Survey of Crown Lands_[14] taken in 1650,
reference is made to a certain property “scituate and adjoyninge to
Lincolnes Inn Fields _alias_ Pursefeild,” being 214 feet long from Purse
Field south, to Mr. Lane’s houses on the north, and 22 feet wide, which
ground was “heertofore a ditch or comon sewer and filled upp to bee part
of the Pursefeild.” Lane’s houses were on the projecting north side of
Little Turnstile, and the sewer lay 21 feet to the east of the present
line of Gate Street.[15]
In 1560, Lord and Lady Mountjoy sold[16] to Thomas Doughty and Henry
Heron “syxtene meses, mesuages or tenementes adioyninge nere
together ... scytuate and being in Holborne,” called by the name of
Purse Rents, together with six additional gardens. From the
inquisition[17] held on the death of Doughty in 1568 it appears that he
held eight of the houses and three of the gardens.
Eight years later (1576) Thomas Doughty, junior, sold[18] that part of
the property to “Buckharte Cranighe,[19] doctor of physyke.” In the same
year Queen Elizabeth granted[20] to John Farnham, one of her gentlemen
pensioners, the whole of the combined Doughty and Heron property,
increased on the Heron side by two houses, five cottages, three stables
and an orchard, none of which are mentioned in the previous deeds.
Farnham immediately sold the property afresh to Doughty[21] and
Heron.[22] The latter in 1589 sold to [23]Rowland Watson and Thomas
Owen, nine houses, which, by the names of the occupiers, can be
identified as nine of the ten sold by Farnham, and which are stated to
contain in length together on the street side 35½ yards. In 1669 the
same property, then consisting of seven houses, was sold[24] by William
Watson to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and is obviously to be identified
with the six houses in High Holborn leased by the college in 1800,[25]
and described as Nos. 246 to 251, High Holborn. The length of the
Holborn frontage of Nos. 246 to 251 accords well with the dimension
required (35½ yards), and the identification of these houses with the
property sold by Heron to Watson (B on accompanying plan) may be
regarded as fairly certain.
In 1592 Heron sold a further portion of his property[26], the purchaser
this time being Anne Carew.[27] This consisted of (i.) six messuages (C
on plan) abutting north upon the lands and tenements of Master Watson
(_i.e._ B), and south upon Heron’s garden; (ii.) a messuage in the
occupation of Sir Thomas Gerrard,[28] abutting north on Heron’s garden
and south on “the White Hart feilde”, (_i.e._, Purse Field, which was
held with _The White Hart_); (iii.) the said garden and an orchard[29]
lying together and containing three roods, the garden adjoining west on
“the lands late Burcharde Crainck,” and the orchard towards the east,
abutting on the messuage and garden of William Cook; and (iv.) the
messuage and garden of Cook (H on plan) abutting south on Cup Field, on
the north on a tenement of Mistress Buck, widow, and east on a garden
late of Thomas Raynesford. In the light of (iii.) it is now possible to
assign the Doughty property (afterwards Burrard Cranigh) to position A.
Plots A to F are thus roughly settled, but before leaving them it is
necessary to trace further the history of F until its development by
building. On the death of Anne Carew the property seems to have
passed[30] to her son George, afterwards Baron Carew of Clopton and Earl
of Totnes, and by him to have been bequeathed to Peter Apsley, grandson
of his brother Peter. In 1640, John Apsley sold[31] to Daniel Thelwall
and William Byerly, together with other adjacent property, a messuage
with an orchard containing half an acre, “scituate over against the said
messuage and extending from the way or path there to the feild side,”
all formerly in the occupation of John Waldron. Of this William
Whetstone held a lease, which he had obtained certainly before 1646[32],
and in 1653 reference is made[33] to “all the newe buildings thereon
erected.” It is most probable, therefore, that this was the scene of the
building operations described in the Earl of Dorset’s report to the
Privy Council on 11th December, 1636, when he complained that “one
William Whetstone,” having lately erected five brick houses in Lincoln’s
Inn Fields, without proper permission, had “for the better
countenanceing of himselfe therein, and for the finishinge and
mayntayneing the said buildings, counterfeited his Lo^{pps} hand, as
also the hand of his Se^{cre}, frameing a false lycence,” etc. It having
been decided that this was “a presumption of a high nature, and a fraud
and offence not fitt to be passed by w^{th}out exemplary punishment,”
instructions were given for the demolition of the houses,[34] but it is
not known whether this was actually done.
At any rate, Whetstone succeeded in stamping his name on the new
thoroughfare which parted the property in High Holborn from that in the
adjoining fields, though the western part was at first known as Phillips
Rents. The Phillips in question was perhaps the John Phillips mentioned
in a document[35] of 1672, as having lately been in occupation of a
piece of land in the rear of Purse Rents, “being southward upon a way
[_i.e._, Whetstone Park] leading from Partridge Alley towarde Great
Queene Street.”
Notice must now be taken of another property of Heron, “parcell of the
lands of the late dissolved Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.” In 1586
he sold to John Buck[36] eight houses (seven with gardens attached) and
one garden plot, the first house being described as “all that messuage
or tenement with a garden and backsyde, now in the tenure, farme or
occupacion of one Thomas Raynesford or his assignes.” The position of
Raynesford’s messuage and garden is obviously J (see above) and as H is
distinctly stated to be bounded on the north by a tenement of Mistress
Buck,[37] the Buck property may be assigned to position G.
In October 1583, Heron had sold[38] to Anne Carew five houses with
gardens, a garden with a little house, and three other gardens. The only
information given as to the position of the property is that it was
situated in St. Giles-in-the-Fields. It is, however, possible to locate
it approximately. In 1634, Peter Apsley sold[39] to Sir John Banks, the
attorney general, “all that messuage or tenement with appurtenances,
scituate in High Holborne, in St. Giles, together with the court or yard
lying on the south part of the said messuage, and the garden beyond the
said court, extending to the feildes lying on the south of the said
messuage, as the same is enclosed with a brick wall, and as the said
premises were lately heretofore in the occupation of Sir John Cowper,
Knt. and Bart. deceased, and formerly in the occupation of Sir Anthony
Asheley, Knt. and Bart. deceased.” In 1661 Sir Ralph Banks sold[40] the
house to William Goldsborough, and in 1716 Edward Goldsborough
assigned[41] the remainder of a lease of 500 years granted in January,
1692, by Grace and Robert Goldsborough in respect of premises described
as “all that messuage, tenement or inn, with appurtenances, scituate in
High Holborne in St. Giles-in-the-Fields, known by the name of _The
George_, together with a courtyard or backside lying on the south part
thereof, and the peice of vacant ground or garden beyond the said court
and belonging to the said messuage and extending to a certain street or
place there called Whetstones Park, lying on the south side of the said
messuage or inn.” There can be little doubt that the premises are
identical with those described in the deed of 1634, and it may therefore
be assumed that the Carew property included the site of _The George_,
which a reference to Horwood’s Map of 1819 will show is now occupied by
the eastern portion (No. 270) of the Inns of Court Hotel.
This identification is confirmed by the following. Sir Ralph Banks owned
two other houses, one behind the other, adjoining Goldsborough’s house
on the east, and these Goldsborough bought at the same time as he
purchased his own house. In 1663, he sold them to Edmond Newcombe, and
in the indenture[42] embodying the transaction they are described as
being 40 feet broad and 160 feet long, and bounded on the east by “the
house in which Firman now dwelleth.” In June, 1716, a mortgage was
effected by Prescott Pennyston and Thomasin, his wife, of two messuages
in High Holborn, adjoining the inn called _The Unicorn_. Thomasin was
the daughter and heir of Elizabeth Hollinghurst, formerly Tompson,
cousin and devisee of William Firmin. Now Unicorn Yard occupied a
position corresponding approximately to the western half of the present
No. 274 (the position is well shown on Horwood’s Map, though the
numbering does not quite accord with that of the present day), and
distant about 58 feet from No. 270. Assuming the two houses to be one
behind the other, as was the case in Newcombe’s property, this leaves
the 40 feet required for Newcombe’s house, and 18 feet for Firmin’s
house, corresponding almost exactly with the old No. 274 shown by
Horwood. The Carew property may therefore be assigned definitely to
position K with a fixed eastern limit at No. 270. It has not proved
possible to determine its frontage towards the west, and perhaps it did
not extend as far as Raynesford’s house (J). It is, however, known that
it included a tavern called _The Three Feathers_.[43] It seems a
reasonable assumption that this was in the neighbourhood of Feathers
Court, shown in Horwood’s Map as occupying much the same position as the
present Holborn Place, but entering High Holborn somewhat further east.
_The Three Feathers_ would therefore correspond approximately to the
present No. 263.
The adjoining properties (L and M) have already been referred to. The
house (M) next to _The Unicorn_ was in Elizabeth’s reign in the
possession of John Miller, and in 1607 was described as “all that
messuage, cottage, tenement or house with a forge,” in High Holborn,
“reaching to a certeyne pasture adjoyninge to Lincolnes Inne on the
south syde,” and bounded on the west by the house and land of John
Thornton.[44] Beatrice Thornton, widow, is shown in the Subsidy Rolls as
far back as 1588 as resident at or near this spot, and this circumstance
is undoubtedly to be connected with the name of Thornton’s Alley, which
was hereabouts.[45]
The premises (N), which in the early part of the seventeenth century
comprised a single inn, _The Unicorn_, had in 1574 been purchased by
Francis Johnson from John and Margaret Cowper, as three messuages and
three gardens,[46] and are described in 1626[47] as having been “now
longe since converted into one messuage or inn commonly called _The
Unicorne_.” Apparently its use as an inn was of recent date, for in the
description of (M), dated 1607, the eastern boundary of that property is
said to be “a tenement in the occupation of John Larchin, baker,” and in
1629, when the premises had been re-divided into two, one is said to
be[48] “now in the tenure of Mary Larchin, widdowe, and is now used by
her as a common inne, and is called by the name or signe of _The
Unycorne_.” The dimensions of the premises are given as 45 feet wide on
the north, 40 feet on the south on Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and 156 feet
long.
No records of the time of Elizabeth relating to property between _The
Unicorn_ and the house at the corner of Great Turnstile have, so far,
been discovered. The latter (O), having a frontage to High Holborn of 39
feet, was certainly at the time in the possession of the same John
Miller[49] who held the property (M).
XXIII-XXIV.—NOS. 3 AND 4, GATE STREET.
GROUND LANDLORD.
The ground landlord of No. 3 is the London County Council.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND DATE OF STRUCTURE.
The area lying between Great Queen Street, Little Queen Street and Gate
Street (the east to west portion of which street was formerly known as
Princes Street) was originally a portion of Purse Field, the early
history of which has already been detailed.[50]
On 27th May, 1639, William Newton sold to John Fortescue[51] “all that
peece or parcell of ground, being part of Pursefeild and the pightells,
designed for two messuages to be built thereon by the said John
Fortescue, the foundations whereof be now laid.” The ground is described
as measuring 50 feet 3 inches from north to south, and 127 feet from
east to west. Between the ground and Princes Street (“a way leading upon
a backgate of an Inn lately called _The Falcon and Greyhound_”) lay the
houses (or their sites) of Lewis Richard and John Giffard, and a slip of
ground afterwards bought by Arthur Newman, having widths of 25 feet, 25
feet and 8½ feet respectively[52]. From these measurements it can be
shown that the ground sold to Fortescue was the site of what afterwards
became Nos. 3 and 4, Gate Street. The indenture contained, in common
with those relating to Richard’s and Giffard’s houses, a provision “that
there doth and soe perpetually shall lye open from the front of the said
messuage eastward, three score foote of assize, wherein there shall be
noe building erected or builded by the said William Newton, his
heirs ... or any other person or persons whatsoever, it being the
principall motive of the said John Fortescue to purchase the estate and
interest aforesaid, to have the said 60 foote in front to lye open for
an open place from the front of the building, except 11 foote to be
inclosed in before the house, and that there shal be noe buildinges
erected at the south-east end of the said open place by the space of 30
foote, to take away the prospect of the greate fielde, otherwise than a
fence wall, whether he, the said William Newton or his assignes, keepe
the same in his or their owne hands, or doth or doe depart with it to
any other.” It was also agreed “that there shall not at any tyme or
tymes hereafter be erected or built any manner of building whatsoever”
in the gardens of any of the four messuages[53] in question. These
conditions, as will be seen, have been more than observed.
From the above it is clear that the foundations of the two houses had
already been laid by 27th May, 1639, and the premises were accordingly
probably completed by the end of the year. No exact date can be assigned
to the rebuilding of the houses, but it seems probable that this took
place about the middle of the 18th century. The carved mouldings of the
joinery on the first floor of No. 3 are interesting, and details are
given in Plate 7.
CONDITION OF REPAIR.
No. 4 was demolished about 1905. No. 3 has been much cut about,
and is now used as a workshop.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
The occupants of these two houses[54], up to the year 1800, so far
as it has been possible to ascertain them, were as follows:—
_No. 3._ _No. 4._
1667. Richd. Sherbourne. 1659 until Thomas Povey.
after
1675.
1675. Judge Twisden. „ „
1683. Sir John Markham. 1683. “Jervas Perepont.”
Before Thomas Broomwhoerwood. 1708. John Partington.
1708.
1708–1732. Phineas Cheek. 1715. Mrs. Ann Partington.
1732–1735. J. Winstanley. 1723. William Thomson.
1735–1753. Phineas Cheek. From Mrs. Anne Thomson.
before
1730 until
1732.
1755–1763. Wm. Mackworth Praed. „ „
1763–1767. Dr. Jas. Walker. „ „
1768–1772. William Hamilton. 1732–1736. Elizabeth Partington.
1773. Wm. Everard. 1736–1743. [55]Henry Perrin.
1774–1786. The Rev. Chas. Everard. 1744–1746. Thomas Smith.
1786–1792. The Rev. Chas. Booth. 1746–1748. R. Symonds.
1794–1800. Robert Kekewitch. 1749–1753. Joseph Martin.
1753–1755. Thomas Western.
1760–1794. Charles Catton.
1795–1797. Messrs. Burton and Co.
1798– Thomas Burton.
Sir Thomas Twisden, second son of Sir William Twisden, was born at
East Peckham in 1602. In 1617 he was admitted to the Inner Temple,
and called to the Bar in 1626. Although a staunch royalist, he
prospered during the Commonwealth, and in 1653 was made serjeant
at law. At the Restoration he was confirmed in this dignity,
advanced to a puisne judgeship in the King’s Bench, and knighted.
In 1664 he was created a baronet. He died in 1683.