[Illustration]
JOUGS, joogz, _n._ an iron neck-ring that constituted the old Scottish
pillory. [O. Fr. _joug_, a yoke--L. _jugum_.]
JOUISANCE, j[=oo]'is-ans, _n._ (_Spens._) joyousness. [Fr.,--_jouir_, to
enjoy--L. _gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]
JOUK, JOOK, j[=oo]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to duck or dodge: to bow.--_ns._
JOUK'ERY, JOOK'ERY, trickery; JOUK'ERY-PAWK'ERY, low cunning, trickery.
JOULE, j[=oo]l, _n._ the practical unit of electrical energy. [After James
Prescott _Joule_ (1818-89).]
JOUNCE, jowns, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to jolt, shake.
JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ a daily register or diary: a book containing an
account of each day's transactions: a newspaper published daily or
otherwise: a magazine: the transactions of any society.--_n._ JOURNALESE',
the language of journalism.--_v.i._ JOUR'NAL[=I]SE, to write articles for a
journal.--_v.t._ to enter in a journal:--_pr.p._ jour'nal[=i]sing; _pa.p._
jour'nal[=i]sed.--_ns._ JOUR'NALISM, the keeping of a journal: the
profession of conducting or writing for public journals; JOUR'NALIST, one
who writes for or conducts a newspaper.--_adj._ JOURNALIST'IC, pertaining
to journalism. [Fr.,--L. _diurnalis_.]
JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ (_mech._) that part of a shaft or axle which rests
in the bearings.--_v.t._ to insert, as a shaft, in a journal-bearing.
JOURNEY, jur'ni, _n._ any travel: tour: excursion: the weight of finished
coins delivered at one time to the Master of the Mint--also
JOUR'NEY-WEIGHT.--_v.i._ JOUR'NEY, to travel:--_pr.p._ jour'neying; _pa.p._
jour'neyed (-nid).--_adj._ JOUR'NEY-BAT'ED (_Shak._), wayworn.--_ns._
JOUR'NEYMAN, one who works by the day: any hired workman: one whose
apprenticeship is completed; JOUR'NEY-WORK, work done by a journeyman or
for hire. [Fr. _journée_--_jour_, a day--L. _diurnus_.]
JOUST, j[=oo]st, JUST, just, _n._ the encounter of two knights on horseback
at a tournament.--_v.i._ to run in the tilt. [O. Fr. _jouste_, _joste_--L.
_juxta_, nigh to.]
JOVIAL, j[=o]'vi-al, _adj._ joyous: full of mirth and happiness.--_ns._
JOVE, Jupiter; JOVIAL'ITY, J[=O]'VIALNESS, quality of being jovial.--_adv._
J[=O]'VIALLY. [L.,--_Jupiter_, _Jovis_, Jupiter, an auspicious star.]
JOW, jow, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Scot._) to ring, toll.--_n._ a stroke of a
bell.
JOWL, jowl, _n._ the jaw or cheek.--_n._ JOWL'ER, a heavy-jawed hound. [M.
E. forms are _chol_, _chaul_, corr. from _chavel_, and this again from A.S.
_ceafl_, the jaw.]
JOWL, j[=o]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as JOLE, to beat.
JOWTER, jow't[.e]r, _n._ a fish-hawker.--Also JOW'DER. [Prob. a form of
_jolter_.]
JOY, joi, _n._ gladness: rapture, mirth: the cause of joy.--_v.i._ to
rejoice: to be glad: to exult:--_pr.p._ joy'ing; _pa.p._ joyed.--_v.t._ JOY
(_Milt._), to enjoy.--_n._ JOY'ANCE (_Spens._), gaiety, festivity.--_adj._
JOY'FUL, full of joy: very glad, happy, or merry.--_adv._ JOY'FULLY.--_n._
JOY'FULNESS.--_adj._ JOY'LESS, without joy: not giving joy.--_adv._
JOY'LESSLY.--_n._ JOY'LESSNESS.--_adj._ JOY'OUS, full of joy, happiness, or
merriment.--_adv._ JOY'OUSLY.--_n._ JOY'OUSNESS.--THE SEVEN JOYS OF THE
VIRGIN:--the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, the Adoration of
the three wise men, the Presentation in the Temple, the Discovery of the
child in the Temple amidst the doctors, her Assumption and Coronation. [Fr.
_joie_ (It. _gioja_)--L. _gaudium_--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]
JUBA, j[=oo]'ba, _n._ a negro breakdown or rustic dance, in which the
spectators clap hands, slap their thighs, and sing verses with _juba_ as a
refrain.
JUBATE, j[=oo]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having a mane.
JUBBAH, jub'a, _n._ a long loose outer garment worn by Mohammedans in
India, &c.
JUBE, j[=oo]'b[=e], _n._ the rood-loft or gallery over the entrance to the
choir of a church. [L., imperat. of _jub[=e]re_, to command.]
JUBILANT, j[=oo]'bi-lant, _adj._ shouting for joy: rejoicing: uttering
songs of triumph.--_n._ JU'BILANCE, exultation.--_adv._ JUBILANTLY.--_v.i._
JU'BILATE, to exult, rejoice.--_ns._ JUBIL[=A]'T[=E], the third Sunday
after Easter, so called because the Church Service began on that day with
the 66th Psalm, 'Jubilate Deo,' &c.: also the 100th Psalm, which in the
English Prayer-Book is a canticle used as an alternative for the
Benedictus; JUBIL[=A]'TION, a shouting for joy: the declaration of triumph.
[L. _jubil[=a]re_, to shout for joy. Not conn. with _Jubilee_.]
JUBILEE, j[=oo]'bi-l[=e], _n._ the year of release among the Jews every
fiftieth year, proclaimed by the sound of a trumpet: the celebration of a
fiftieth anniversary--e.g. of a king's accession, a bishop's consecration,
&c.: in the R.C. Church, a year (every twenty-fifth--_Ordinary jubilee_) of
indulgence for pilgrims and others, an _Extraordinary jubilee_ being
specially appointed by the Pope: any season of great public joy and
festivity. [Fr. _jubilé_--L. _jubilæus_--Heb. _y[=o]bel_, a trumpet, the
blast of a trumpet.]
JUD, jud, _n._ a mass of coal holed or undercut so as to be thrown down by
wedges.
JUDAIC, -AL, j[=oo]-d[=a]'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the Jews.--_adv._
JUD[=A]'ICALLY.--_n._ JUDAIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ JU'DA[=I]SE, to conform to
or practise Judaism.--_ns._ JUDA[=I]'SER; JU'DAISM, the doctrines and rites
of the Jews: conformity to the Jewish rites; JU'DAIST, one who holds the
doctrines of Judaism.--_adj._ JUDAIST'IC, pertaining to Judaism.--_adv._
JUDAIST'ICALLY. [L. _Judaicus_--_Juda_, Judah, a son of Israel.]
JUDAS, j[=oo]'das, _n._ a traitor: an opening in a jail-door, &c.--_adj._
JU'DAS-COL'OURED, red of hair--_Judas_ traditionally being
red-haired.--_ns._ JU'DAS-HOLE, a small hole in a door for watching;
JU'DAS-KISS, any act of treachery under the guise of kindness (Matt. xxvi.
48, 49); JU'DAS-TREE, a tree with rose-coloured flowers that appear before
the leaves--_Judas_ having hanged himself on one.
JUDEAN, j[=oo]-d[=e]'an, _adj._ belonging to _Judea_.--_n._ a native of
Judea.
JUDGE, juj, _v.i._ to point out or declare what is just or law: to hear and
decide: to pass sentence: to compare facts to determine the truth: to form
or pass an opinion: to distinguish.--_v.t._ to hear and determine
authoritatively: to sentence: to decide the merits of: to be censorious
towards: to consider: (_B._) to condemn.--_n._ one who judges: a civil
officer who hears and settles any cause: an arbitrator: one who can decide
upon the merit of anything: in Jewish history, a supreme magistrate having
civil and military powers: (_pl._) title of 7th book of the Old
Testament.--_ns._ JUDGE'SHIP, the office of a judge; JUDG'MENT, act of
judging: the comparing of ideas to elicit truth: faculty by which this is
done, the reason: opinion formed: taste: sentence: condemnation: doom;
JUDG'MENT-DAY, the day on which God will pronounce final judgment on
mankind; JUDG'MENT-DEBT, a debt evidenced by legal record; JUDG'MENT-HALL,
a hall where a court of justice meets; JUDG'MENT-SEAT, seat or bench in a
court from which judgment is pronounced. [Fr. _juger_--L.
_judic[=a]re_--_jus_, law, _dic[)e]re_, to declare.]
JUDICA, j[=oo]'di-ka, _n._ Passion Sunday--from the opening words of the
introit, '_Judica_ me, Deus' (43d Ps.).
JUDICATURE, j[=oo]'di-k[=a]-t[=u]r, _n._ power of dispensing justice by
legal trial: jurisdiction: a tribunal.--_adjs._ JU'DICABLE, that may be
judged or tried; JU'DIC[=A]TIVE, having power to judge; JU'DIC[=A]TORY,
pertaining to a judge: distributing justice.--_n._ distribution of justice:
a tribunal.
JUDICIAL, j[=oo]-dish'al, _adj._ pertaining to a judge or court of justice:
established by statute.--_adv._ JUDIC'IALLY.--JUDICIAL COMMITTEE, an
offshoot of the Privy Council, forming a court of appeal; JUDICIAL FACTOR,
in Scotland, an administrator appointed by the courts to manage the estate
of some one under some imperfection; JUDICIAL SEPARATION, the separation of
two married persons by order of the Divorce Court. [L.
_judicialis_--_judicium_.]
JUDICIARY, j[=oo]-dish'i-ar-i, _n._ the judges taken collectively.--_adj._
pertaining to the courts of law: passing judgment. [L. _judiciarius_.]
JUDICIOUS, j[=oo]-dish'us, _adj._ according to sound judgment: possessing
sound judgment: discreet.--_adv._ JUDIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ JUDIC'IOUSNESS. [Fr.
_judicieux_--Low L. _judiciosus_--L. _judicium_.]
JUDY, j[=oo]'di, _n._ Punch's wife in the puppet-show: a native Chinese
strumpet. [Corr. of _Judith_.]
JUG, jug, _n._ a large vessel with a swelling body and narrow mouth for
liquors.--_v.t._ to boil or stew as in a jug:--_pr.p._ jug'ging; _pa.p._
jugged.--JUGGED HARE (see HARE); STONE JUG (_slang_), jail. [Prob. _Judy_,
jocularly applied to a drinking-vessel; cf. _Jack_ and _Jill_ in a like
sense.]
JUG, jug, _v.i._ to utter the sound _jug_, as certain birds, esp. the
nightingale.--_n._ JUG-JUG. [Imit.]
JUGAL, j[=oo]'gal, _adj._ malar: joining, uniting.--_n._ a bone of the
zygomatic arch, malar bone.
JUGATE, -D, j[=oo]'g[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaflets in
pairs: joined as jugata on a coin, &c.--_n.pl._ JU'GATA, heads shown side
by side or overlapping.
JUGGERNAUT, jug'er-nawt, _n._ an idol of the Hindu god Vishnu, beneath
whose car devotees were supposed to immolate themselves; hence the 'car of
Juggernaut' stands metaphorically for any Moloch of self-sacrifice. [Sans.
_Jagann[=a]tha_, lord of the world.]
JUGGINS, jug'ginz, _n._ (_slang_) a simpleton.
JUGGLE, jug'l, _v.i._ to joke or jest: to amuse by sleight-of-hand: to
conjure: to practise artifice or imposture.--_n._ a trick by
sleight-of-hand: an imposture.--_ns._ JUGG'LER, one who performs tricks by
sleight-of-hand: a trickish fellow; JUGG'LERY, art or tricks of a juggler:
legerdemain: trickery.--_adv._ JUGG'LINGLY, in a deceptive manner. [O. Fr.
_jogler_--L. _jocul[=a]ri_, to jest--_jocus_, a jest.]
JUGLANS, j[=oo]'glanz, _n._ a genus of the walnut family.
JUGULAR, jug'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the collar-bone, which joins
the neck and shoulders.--_n._ one of the large veins on each side of the
neck. [L. _jugulum_, the collar-bone--_jung[)e]re_, to join.]
JUICE, j[=oo]s, _n._ the sap of vegetables: the fluid part of animal
bodies.--_adj._ JUICE'LESS.--_n._ JUIC'INESS.--_adj._ JUIC'Y. [Fr.,--L.
_jus_, broth, lit. mixture.]
JUJUBE, j[=oo]'j[=oo]b, _n._ a genus of spiny shrubs or small trees, the
fruit of which is dried as a sweetmeat: a lozenge made of sugar and gum.
[Fr.,--L. _zizyphum_--Gr. _zizyphon_--Pers. _z[=i]zfun_, the jujube-tree.]
JULEP, j[=oo]'lep, _n._ a pleasant liquid medicine in which other nauseous
medicines are taken.--Also JU'LAP. [Fr.,--Sp. _julepe_--Ar.
_j[=u]l[=a]b_--Pers. _j[=u]l[=a]b_.]
JULIAN, j[=oo]l'yan, _adj._ pertaining to C. _Julius_ Cæsar (B.C.
100-44).--JULIAN YEAR (see YEAR).
JULIENNE, zhü-li-en', _n._ a clear soup, with shredded herbs. [_Julien_, a
French cook in Boston.]
JULY, j[=oo]'l[=i], _n._ the seventh month of the year--from Caius _Julius_
Cæsar, who was born in it.
JUMART, j[=oo]'mart, _n._ the offspring of a bull and a mare, or horse and
cow. [Fr.,--L. _jumentum_.]
JUMBLE, jum'bl, _v.t._ to mix confusedly: to throw together without
order.--_v.i._ to be mixed together confusedly: to be agitated: to jump at,
to accept eagerly.--_n._ a confused mixture.--_n._ JUM'BLE-SALE, a charity
bazaar of cast-off clothing, rubbish, &c.--_adv._ JUM'BLINGLY, in a jumbled
or confused manner. [Prob. a freq. of _jump_.]
JUMBO, jum'b[=o], _n._ a colossus.--_adj._ huge, colossal. [Name of a huge
elephant sold in 1882 from the London Zoological Gardens to P. T. Barnum.]
JUMP, jump, _v.i._ to spring upward, or forward, or both: to bound: to pass
to as by a leap: to agree, coincide (_with_).--_v.t._ to pass by a leap: to
skip over: to cause to start, as game:--_pr.p._ jump'ing; _pa.p._
jumped.--_n._ act of jumping: a bound, a hazard.--_adv._ (_Shak._)
exactly.--_ns._ JUMP'ER, one who jumps: a long iron drill or borer used in
quarries and mines: (_pl._) a term applied to certain Welsh Methodists (c.
1760), who jumped about in worship: JUMP'ING-DEER, the black-tailed
American deer; JUMP'ING-HARE, a South African rodent, akin to the jerboas;
JUMP'-SEAT, a carriage-seat which may be moved backwards or forwards, so as
to be used as single or double: a carriage with a movable seat;
COUNT'ER-JUMP'ER, a draper's shopman.--JUMP A CLAIM (_U.S._), to take land
to which another already holds a claim; JUMP AT, to embrace with eagerness;
JUMP ONE'S BAIL, to abscond, forfeiting one's bail; JUMP OVER, to
disregard, omit; JUMP OVER THE BROOMSTICK, to make an irregular marriage.
[From a Teut. root seen in Sw. dial. _gumpa_, Middle High Ger. _gumpen_, to
jump.]
JUMP, jump, JUMPER, jump'er, _n._ a loose garment: overall. [More prob. a
thing to be _jumped_ or slipped on, than from Fr. _jupe_, a petticoat,
skirt.]
JUNCACEOUS, jun-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Juncaceæ_, a
natural order of plants, of which the JUN'CUS, or rush, is the type.
JUNCATE, jungk'[=a]t, _n._ Same as JUNKET.
JUNCO, jung'k[=o], _n._ a North American snow-bird.
JUNCTION, jungk'shun, _n._ a joining, a union or combination: place or
point of union. [_Join_.]
JUNCTURE, jungk't[=u]r, _n._ a joining, a union: a critical or important
point of time. [L. _junctura_.]
JUNE, j[=oo]n, _n._ the sixth month, originally of 26 days, but since
Julius Cæsar's time of 30. [L. _Junius_, the sixth month, prob. from root
of L. _juvenis_, junior.]
JUNEATING, an erroneous form of _jenneting_.
JUNGERMANNIA, joong-ger-man'i-ä, _n._ (_bot._) a suborder of _Hepaticæ_.
[From a German botanist, _Jungermann_ (1572-1653).]
JUNGLE, jung'gl, _n._ land covered with thick brushwood, &c.--_ns._
JUNGLE-F[=E]'VER, a severe malarial or remittent fever; JUNG'LE-FOWL, a
wild species of genus _Gallus_, the parent of our barn-door fowl.--_adj._
JUNG'LY. [Sans. _jañgala_, desert.]
JUNIOR, j[=oo]n'yur, _adj._ younger: less advanced.--_n._ one younger or
less advanced.--_ns._ JUNIOR'ITY, JUN'IORSHIP; JUN'IOR-RIGHT,
borough-English (q.v.).--JUNIOR OPTIME, a third-class honours man at
Cambridge, next to Wranglers and Senior Optimes; JUNIOR SOPH, an
undergraduate of the second year at Cambridge. [Contr. of L. _juvenior_,
younger--_juvenis_, young.]
JUNIPER, j[=oo]'ni-p[.e]r, _n._ an evergreen shrub, the berries of which
are used in making gin. [L. _juniperus_--_juvenis_, young, _par[)e]re_, to
bring forth.]
JUNK, jungk, _n._ a Chinese vessel, with high forecastle and poop,
sometimes large and three-masted. [Port. _junco_--Chinese _chw`an_, a
boat.]
JUNK, jungk, _n._ pieces of old cordage, used for making mats, &c., and
when picked to pieces, forming oakum for the seams of ships: salt meat
supplied to vessels for long voyages, so called because it becomes as hard
as old rope.--_ns._ JUNK'-DEAL'ER, JUNK'MAN, a dealer in junk; JUNK'-RING,
a metal ring confining a fibrous piston-packing; JUNK'-SHOP, a place where
junk is bought and sold. [L. _juncus_, a rush.]