IRADE, i-rä'de, _n._ a written decree of the Sultan of Turkey.
IRANIAN, [=i]-r[=a]n'i-an, _adj._ and _n._ of or pertaining to _Iran_,
Persia: a branch of the Indo-European or Aryan tongues, including Persian,
Zend, Pehlevi, and Parsi: an inhabitant of Iran.--Also IRAN'IC.
IRASCIBLE, [=i]-ras'i-bl, _adj._ susceptible of ire or anger: easily
provoked: irritable.--_n._ IRASCIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRAS'CIBLY. [Fr.,--L.
_irascibilis_--_irasci_, to be angry--_ira_, anger.]
IRE, [=i]r, _n._ anger: rage: keen resentment.--_adjs._ IRATE ([=i]-r[=a]t'
or i-r[=a]t'), enraged: angry; IRE'FUL, full of ire or wrath:
resentful.--_adv._ IRE'FULLY.--_n._ IRE'FULNESS. [L. _ira_, anger,
_irasci_, _ir[=a]tus_, to be angry.]
IRENIC, [=i]-ren'ik, _adj._ tending to create peace: pacific--also
IREN'ICAL.--_n._ IREN'ICON, a proposition or scheme for peace: the deacon's
litany at the beginning of the Greek liturgy--from its opening petitions
for peace.--_n.pl._ _Iren'ics_, irenical theology:--opp. to _Polemics_.
[See EIRENICON.]
IRICISM. See IRISH.
IRIDEÆ, [=i]-rid'e-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of endogenous plants, with
fleshy root-stocks and showy flowers.--Also IRID[=A]'CEÆ. [Gr. _iris_, a
rainbow.]
IRIDIUM, [=i]-rid'i-um, _n._ the most infusible, and one of the heaviest,
of the metals, found associated with the ore of platinum, so called from
the iridescence of some of its solutions.--_n._ IRIDOS'MIUM, a native
compound of iridium and osmium, used for pointing gold pens. [Gr. _iris_,
_iridos_, the rainbow.]
IRIS, [=i]'ris, _n._ the rainbow: an appearance resembling the rainbow: the
contractile curtain perforated by the pupil, and forming the coloured part
of the eye (also I'RID): the fleur-de-lis, or flagflower:--_pl._
I'RISES.--_adjs._ I'RIDAL, IRID'IAN, exhibiting the colours of the iris or
rainbow: prismatic.--_ns._ IRIDES'CENCE, IRIDIS[=A]'TION.--_adjs._
IRIDES'CENT, coloured like the iris or rainbow; I'RIDINE,
iridescent.--_v.t._ IR'IDISE.--_adjs._ I'RIS[=A]TED, rainbow-coloured;
IR'ISED, showing colours like the rainbow.--_ns._ IR[=I]'TIS, IRID[=I]'TIS,
inflammation of the iris of the eye. [L. _iris_, _iridis_--Gr. _iris_,
_iridos_, the rainbow.]
IRISCOPE, [=i]'ri-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for exhibiting the prismatic
colours. [Gr. _iris_, the rainbow, _skopein_, to see.]
IRISH, [=i]'rish, _adj._ relating to or produced in Ireland.--_n._ language
of the Irish, a form of Celtic: (_pl._) the natives or inhabitants of
Ireland.--_ns._ I'RICISM, I'RISHISM, a phrase or idiom peculiar to the
Irish.--_n.pl._ I'RISHRY, the people of Ireland.--IRISH MOSS, carrageen;
IRISH STEW, a palatable dish of mutton, onions, and potatoes, seasoned, and
stewed in water mixed with flour.
IRK, [.e]rk, _v.t._ to weary: to trouble: to distress (now used only
impersonally).--_adj._ IRK'SOME, causing uneasiness: tedious:
unpleasant.--_adv._ IRK'SOMELY.--_n._ IRK'SOMENESS. [M. E. _irken_--Scand.,
Sw. _yrka_, to urge; prob. cog. with L. _urg[=e]re_.]
IRON, [=i]'urn, _n._ the most common and useful of the metals: an
instrument or utensil made of iron, as a hand-harpoon, &c.: a golf-club
with an iron head, more set back than the cleek: strength: (_pl._) fetters:
chains.--_adj._ formed of iron: resembling iron: rude: stern: fast-binding:
not to be broken: robust: dull of understanding.--_v.t._ to smooth with a
smoothing-iron: to arm with iron: to fetter.--_adjs._ I'RON-BOUND, bound
with iron: rugged, as a coast; I'RON-CASED; I'RONCLAD, clad in iron:
covered or protected with iron.--_n._ a vessel defended by iron
plates.--_ns._ I'RON-CLAY, a yellowish clay containing a large quantity of
iron ore; I'RONER, one who irons; I'RON-FLINT, ferruginous quartz;
I'RON-FOUND'ER, one who founds or makes castings in iron; I'RON-FOUND'RY, a
place where iron is founded or cast.--_adj._ I'RON-GRAY, of a gray colour,
like that of iron freshly cut or broken.--_n._ this colour.--_adjs._
I'RON-HAND'ED, having hands hard as iron; I'RON-HEART'ED, having a heart
hard as iron: cruel.--_ns._ I'RON-HEAT'ER, the piece of metal heated in the
fire for a laundress's box-iron; I'RONING, the act of smoothing with hot
irons; I'RONING-BOARD, a smooth board covered with cloth, on which clothes
are laid for ironing; I'RONING-MACHINE', a machine for hotpressing cloth,
hats, &c.; I'RON-LIQ'UOR, iron acetate, a dyers' mordant; I'RONMASTER, a
master or proprietor of ironworks; I'RONMONGER, a dealer in articles made
of iron; I'RONMONGERY, a general name for articles made of iron: hardware;
I'RON-MOULD, the spot left on wet cloth after touching rusty iron;
I'RON-SAND, sand containing particles of iron ore: steel filings used in
fireworks.--_adj._ I'RON-SICK (_naut._), having the iron bolts and spikes
much corroded.--_n._ I'RONSIDE, a man of iron resolution: (_pl._) a name
given to Cromwell's irresistible horse.--_adj._ I'RON-SID'ED, having a side
of, or as hard as, iron: rough: hardy.--_ns._ I'RONSMITH, a worker in iron;
I'RON-STONE, a term usually applied to any ore yielding iron; I'RONWARE,
wares or goods of iron.--_adj._ I'RON-WIT'TED (_Shak._), unfeeling,
insensible.--_n._ I'RONWOOD, applied to the timber of various trees on
account of their hardness.--_adj._ I'RON-WORD'ED (_Tenn._), in words as
strong as iron.--_n._ I'RONWORK, the parts of a building, &c., made of
iron: anything of iron: a furnace where iron is smelted, or a foundry, &c.,
where it is made into heavy work.--_adj._ I'RONY, made, consisting, or
partaking of iron: like iron: hard.--_ns._ CAST'-[=I]'RON, a compound of
iron and carbon, obtained directly from iron ore by smelting;
ITAL'IAN-[=I]'RON, an instrument for fluting linen or lace.--IRON AGE, an
archæological term indicating the condition as to civilisation and culture
of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons:
a period of cruel tyranny; IRON BARK TREE, a name given in Australia to
certain species of Eucalyptus (q.v.); IRON CROWN, the ancient crown of
Lombardy, so named from a thin band of iron said to be made from one of the
nails of the Cross; IRON ENTERED INTO HIS SOUL, the bitterest pang of grief
has touched his heart.--BESSEMER IRON, pig-iron suitable for making
Bessemer steel.--HAVE TOO MANY IRONS IN THE FIRE, to be trying to do too
many things at once; IN IRONS, having fetters on; RULE WITH A ROD OF IRON,
to rule with stern severity. [A.S. _iren_; Ger. _eisen_.]
IRONY, [=i]'run-i, _n._ a mode of speech which enables the speaker to
convey his meaning with greater force by means of a contrast between the
thought which he evidently designs to express and that which his words
properly signify: satire.--_adj._ IRON'ICAL, meaning the opposite of what
is expressed: satirical.--_adv._ IRON'ICALLY.--THE IRONY OF FATE, the
perverse malignity of fate. [Fr.,--L. _ironia_, Gr. _eir[=o]neia_,
dissimulation--_eir[=o]n_, a dissembler--_eirein_, to talk.]
IRRADIATE, ir-r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _v.t._ to dart rays of light upon or into: to
adorn with lustre: to decorate with shining ornaments: to animate with
light or heat: to illuminate the understanding.--_v.i._ to emit rays: to
shine.--_adj._ adorned with rays of light or with lustre.--_ns._
IRR[=A]'DIANCE, IRR[=A]'DIANCY, the throwing of rays of light on (any
object): that which irradiates or is irradiated: beams of light emitted:
splendour.--_adj._ IRR[=A]'DIANT, irradiating or shedding beams of
light.--_n._ IRRADI[=A]'TION, act of irradiating or emitting beams of
light: that which is irradiated: brightness: intellectual light.--_adj._
IRR[=A]'DI[=A]TIVE.
IRRADICATE, i-rad'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to fix firmly.
IRRATIONAL, ir-rash'un-al, _adj._ void of reason or understanding:
absurd.--_n._ IRRATIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRA'TIONALLY.--IRRATIONAL NUMBERS, a
term applied to those roots of numbers which cannot be accurately expressed
by a finite number of figures--e.g. [sqrt]2 is an irrational number.
IRREALISABLE, ir-r[=e]'a-l[=i]-za-bl, _adj._ not realisable.
IRREBUTTABLE, ir-re-but'a-bl, _adj._ not to be rebutted.
IRRECEPTIVE, ir-re-sep'tiv, _adj._ not receptive.
IRRECIPROCAL, ir-re-sip'ro-kal, _adj._ not reciprocal.
IRRECLAIMABLE, ir-re-kl[=a]m'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reclaimed or
reformed: incorrigible.--_n._ IRRECLAIM'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRECLAIM'ABLY.
IRRECOGNISABLE, ir-rek'og-n[=i]z-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be
recognised.--_n._ IRRECOGNI'TION, lack of recognition.
IRRECONCILABLE, ir-rek-on-s[=i]l'a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being brought
back to a state of friendship: inconsistent.--_ns._ IRRECONCIL'ABLENESS,
IRRECONCILABIL'ITY, incapability of being reconciled.--_adv._
IRRECONCIL'ABLY.--_adj._ IRREC'ONCILED, not reconciled or brought into
harmony.--_n._ IRREC'ONCILEMENT.
IRRECOVERABLE, ir-re-kuv'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ irretrievable.--_n._
IRRECOV'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRECOV'ERABLY.
IRREDEEMABLE, ir-re-d[=e]m'a-bl, _adj._ not redeemable: not subject to be
paid at the nominal value.--_ns._ IRREDEEM'ABLENESS,
IRREDEEMABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRREDEEM'ABLY.
IRREDENTIST, ir-e-den'tist, _n._ one of an Italian party formed in 1878,
its aim to incorporate into Italy all Italian people politically belonging
to other countries, as in the Tyrol, Nice, &c.--_n._ IRREDEN'TISM, the
programme of the Irredentist party. [It. _irredentista_--_irredenta_
(_Italia_), 'unredeemed'--L. _in_, not, _redemptus_, _redim[)e]re_, to
redeem.]
IRREDUCIBLE, ir-re-d[=u]s'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reduced or brought
from one degree, form, or state to another: not to be reduced by
manipulation, as a hernia, &c.--_n._ IRREDUC'IBLENESS.--_adv._
IRREDUC'IBLY.--_ns._ IRREDUCTIBIL'ITY, IRREDUC'TION.
IRREFLECTIVE, ir-re-flekt'iv, _adj._ not reflective.--_n._ IRREFLEC'TION.
IRREFORMABLE, ir-re-for'ma-bl, _adj._ not reformable, not subject to
revision or improvement.
IRREFRAGABLE, ir-ref'ra-ga-bl, _adj._ that cannot be refuted:
unanswerable.--_ns._ IRREFRAGABIL'ITY, IRREF'RAGABLENESS.--_adv._
IRREF'RAGABLY.--_n._ IRREFRANGIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IRREFRANGIBLE
(ir-e-fran'-ji-bl), not to be broken.--_adv._ IRREFRAN'GIBLY.--THE
IRREFRAGABLE DOCTOR, Alexander Hales (died 1245). [Fr.,--L. _in_, not,
_re_, backwards, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]
IRREFUTABLE, ir-re-f[=u]t'a-bl, or ir-ref'[=u]-ta-bl, _adj._ that cannot be
refuted.--_adv._ IRREF[=U]T'ABLY (also -ref'-).
IRREGULAR, ir-reg'[=u]-lar, _adj._ not according to rule: unnatural:
unsystematic: vicious: (_gram._) departing from the ordinary rules in its
inflection: variable: not symmetrical, without regular form--(_Shak._)
IRREG'ULOUS.--_n._ a soldier not in regular service.--_n._ IRREGULAR'ITY,
state of being irregular: deviation from a straight line, or from rule:
departure from method or order: vice.--_adv._ IRREG'ULARLY.
IRRELATIVE, ir-rel'a-tiv, _adj._ not relative.--_adj._ IRREL[=A]T'ED.--_n._
IRREL[=A]'TION.--_adv._ IRREL'ATIVELY.
IRRELEVANT, ir-rel'e-vant, _adj._ not relevant.--_n._ IRREL'EVANCY.--_adv._
IRREL'EVANTLY.
IRRELIGIOUS, ir-re-lij'us, _adj._ destitute of religion: ungodly.--_adv._
IRRELIG'IOUSLY.--_ns._ IRRELIG'IOUSNESS, IRRELIG'ION, want of religion.
IRREMEABLE, ir-r[=e]'me-a-bl, _adj._ (_Pope_) not admitting of return. [L.
_in_, not, _remeabilis_, _reme[=a]re_--_re_, back, _me[=a]re_, to go,
come.]
IRREMEDIABLE, ir-re-m[=e]'di-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be remedied or
redressed.--_n._ IRREM[=E]'DIABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREM[=E]'DIABLY.
IRREMISSIBLE, ir-re-mis'i-bl, _adj._ not to be remitted or forgiven.--_ns._
IRREMISS'IBLENESS, IRREMISS'ION.--_adj._ IRREMISS'IVE.
IRREMOVABLE, ir-re-m[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ not removable: steadfast.--_ns._
IRREMOVABIL'ITY, IRREMOV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREMOV'ABLY.
IRRENOWNED, ir-re-nownd', _adj._ (_Spens._) not renowned.
IRREPARABLE, ir-rep'ar-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be repaired or
rectified.--_ns._ IRREPARABIL'ITY, IRREP'ARABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREP'ARABLY.
IRREPEALABLE, ir-re-p[=e]l'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be repealed or
annulled.--_adv._ IRREPEAL'ABLY.
IRREPLACEABLE, ir-re-pl[=a]s'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be replaced.
IRREPREHENSIBLE, ir-rep-re-hens'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be blamed.--_n._
IRREPREHENS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ IRREPREHENS'IBLY.
IRREPRESSIBLE, ir-re-pres'i-bl, _adj._ not to be restrained.--_adv._
IRREPRESS'IBLY.
IRREPROACHABLE, ir-re-pr[=o]ch'a-bl, _adj._ free from blame: upright:
innocent.--_n._ IRREPROACH'ABLENESS, freedom from blame.--_adv._
IRREPROACH'ABLY.
IRREPRODUCIBLE, ir-re-pro-d[=u]s'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reproduced.
IRREPROVABLE, ir-re-pr[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ blameless.--_n._
IRREPROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREPROV'ABLY.
IRRESISTANCE, ir-re-zist'ans, _n._ want of resistance: passive
submission.--_adj._ IRRESIST'IBLE, not to be opposed with success.--_ns._
IRRESIST'IBLENESS, IRRESISTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRESIST'IBLY.
IRRESOLUBLE, ir-rez'ol-[=u]-bl, _adj._ that cannot be resolved into parts:
indissoluble: that cannot be released.
IRRESOLUTE, ir-rez'o-l[=u]t, _adj._ not firm in purpose.--_adv._
IRRES'OLUTELY.--_ns._ IRRES'OLUTENESS, IRRESOL[=U]'TION, want of
resolution.
IRRESOLVABLE, ir-re-zolv'-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be resolved.--_ns._
IRRESOLVABIL'ITY, IRRESOLV'ABLENESS.
IRRESPECTIVE, ir-re-spek'tiv, _adj._ not having regard to (with
_of_).--_adv._ IRRESPEC'TIVELY.
IRRESPONSIBLE, ir-re-spons'i-bl, _adj._ not responsible (with _for_).--_n._
IRRESPONSIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRESPONS'IBLY.--_adj._ IRRESPONS'IVE.--_n._
IRRESPONS'IVENESS.
IRRESTRAINABLE, ir-re-str[=a]n'a-bl, _adj._ not restrainable.
IRRESUSCITABLE, ir-re-sus'i-ta-bl, _adj._ incapable of being resuscitated
or revived.--_adv._ IRRESUS'CITABLY.
IRRETENTION, ir-re-ten'shun, _n._ absence of retention or power to
retain.--_adj._ IRRETEN'TIVE.
IRRETRIEVABLE, ir-re-tr[=e]v'a-bl, _adj._ not to be recovered.--_n._
IRRETRIEV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRETRIEV'ABLY.
IRREVERENT, ir-rev'[.e]r-ent, _adj._ not reverent: proceeding from
irreverence.--_n._ IRREV'ERENCE, want of reverence or veneration: want of
due regard for the character and authority of the Supreme Being.--_adj._
IRREVEREN'TIAL.--_adv._ IRREV'ERENTLY.
IRREVERSIBLE, ir-re-v[.e]rs'i-bl, _adj._ not reversible: that cannot be
recalled or annulled.--_ns._ IRREVERSIBIL'ITY, IRREVERS'IBLENESS.--_adv._
IRREVERS'IBLY.
IRREVOCABLE, ir-rev'o-ka-bl, _adj._ that cannot be recalled.--_n._
IRREV'OCABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREV'OCABLY.
IRRIGATE, ir'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to water: to wet or moisten: to cause water
to flow upon.--_adj._ IRR'IGABLE, capable of being irrigated.--_ns._
IRRIG[=A]'TION, a method of producing or increasing fertility in soils by
an artificial supply of water, or by inundating them at stated periods: act
of watering, esp. of watering lands artificially; IRRIGAT'OR, one who, or
that which, irrigates: an appliance for washing a wound, &c.--_adj._
IRRIG'UOUS, watered: wet. [L. _irrig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, upon,
_rig[=a]re_, to wet; cf. Ger. _regen_, Eng. _rain_.]
IRRISION, ir-rizh'un, _n._ act of laughing at another. [Fr.,--L.
_irrision-em_--_in_, against, _rid[=e]re_, _risum_, to laugh.]
IRRITATE, ir'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to make angry: to provoke: to excite heat and
redness in: (_Scots law_) to render null and void.--_n._ IRRITABIL'ITY, the
quality of being easily irritated: the peculiar susceptibility to stimuli
possessed by the living tissues.--_adj._ IRR'ITABLE, that may be irritated:
easily provoked: (_med._) susceptible of excitement or irritation.--_n._
IRR'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ IRR'ITABLY.--_n._ IRR'ITANCY, the state of being
irritant: a becoming null and void.--_adj._ IRR'ITANT, irritating.--_n._
that which causes irritation.--_n._ IRRIT[=A]'TION, act of irritating or
exciting: excitement: (_med._) the term applied to any morbid excitement of
the vital actions not amounting to inflammation, often, but not always,
leading to that condition.--_adjs._ IRR'IT[=A]TIVE, IRR'IT[=A]TORY, tending
to irritate or excite: accompanied with or caused by irritation. [L.
_irrit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, prob. freq. of _irr[=i]re_, to snarl, as a dog.]
IRRUPTION, ir-rup'shun, _n._ a breaking or bursting in: a sudden invasion
or incursion.--_adjs._ IRRUP'TED, broken through with violence; IRRUP'TIVE,
rushing suddenly in or upon.--_adv._ IRRUP'TIVELY. [Fr.,--L.
_irruption-em_--_in_, in, _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]
IRVINGITE, [.e]r'ving-[=i]t, _n._ a popular name for a member of the
so-called Catholic Apostolic Church.--_n._ IR'VINGISM, the doctrine and
practice of the Irvingites. [From Edward _Irving_ (1792-1834).]
IS, iz, third pers. sing. pres. of _be_. [A.S. _is_; Ger. _ist_, L. _est_,
Gr. _esti_, Sans. _asti_--_as_, to be.]
ISABEL, ISABELLE, iz'a-bel, _n._ a yellowish-gray or drab colour. [From
_Isabella_, daughter of Philip II., wife of the Archduke Albert, who did
not change her linen for three years till Ostend was taken.]
ISAGOGICS, [=i]-sa-goj'iks, _n._ that part of theological science
introductory to exegesis or interpretation of the Scriptures.--_adj._
ISAGOG'IC. [Gr. _eisag[=o]g[=e]_, an introduction--_eis_, into, _agein_, to
lead.]
ISANDROUS, [=i]-san'drus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the stamens similar and
equal in number to the divisions of the corolla.
ISANTHEROUS, [=i]-san'ther-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having the anthers equal.
ISANTHOUS, [=i]-san'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) having regular flowers.
ISAPOSTOLIC, [=i]-sap-os-tol'ik, _adj._ equal to the apostles, as bishops
of apostolic creation, the first preachers of Christ in a country, &c. [Gr.
_isos_, equal, _apostolikos_, apostolic.]
ISATINE, [=i]'sa-tin, _n._ a substance capable of being crystallised,
obtained by oxidising indigo.--_adj._ ISAT'IC.--_n._ I'S[=A]TIS, a genus of
_Cruciferæ_.--_Isatis tinctoria_, woad. [Gr. _isatis_, woad.]
ISCHIADIC, is-ki-ad'ik, _adj._ relating to the region of the hip--also
ISCHIAT'IC and IS'CHIAL.--_ns._ ISCHIAG'RA, gout in the hip; ISCHIAL'GIA,
sciatica; IS'CHIUM, the posterior part of the pelvic arch in vertebrates.
[L.,--Gr., from _is-chion_, the hip-joint.]
ISCHURIA, is-k[=u]'ri-a, _n._ a stoppage of urine.--_adj._ and _n._
ISCHURET'IC. [Gr. _ischein_, to hold, _ouron_, urine.]
ISENERGIC, [=i]-se-n[.e]r'jik, _adj._ in physics, denoting equal energy.
[Gr. ISOS, equal, _energy_.]
ISENGRIM, [=i]'sen-grim, _n._ the name of the wolf in the famous beast-epic
of _Reynard the Fox_.
ISENTROPIC, [=i]-sen-trop'ik, _adj._ (_phys._) of equal entropy. [Gr.
_isos_, equal, _entrope_, a turning about--_en_, in, _trepein_, to turn.]
ISH, ish, _n._ (_Scot._) issue, liberty of going out.
ISHMAELITE, ish'm[=a]-el-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of _Ishmael_: one like
Ishmael (Gen. xvi. 12), at war with society.--_adj._ ISHMAEL[=I]'TISH.
ISIAC, [=i]-si-ak. See ISIS.
ISIDIUM, [=i]-sid'i-um, _n._ (_bot._) a wart-like excrescence on the thalli
of some lichens:--_pl._ ISID'IA.
ISIDORIAN, is-i-d[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Isidore_ of
Seville (c. 560-636), or the collection of canons and decretals adopted by
him; but esp. applying to the interpolated collection, now called the
_Pseudo-Isidorian_ or _False Decretals_, possibly fabricated in Western
Gaul, but published in Spain about 845 by _Isidore_ Mercator, and naturally
fathered upon the great Isidore of Seville.
ISINGLASS, [=i]'zing-glas, _n._ a glutinous substance, chiefly prepared
from the air-bladders of the sturgeon. [A corr. of Dut.
_huizenblas_--_huizen_, a kind of sturgeon, _blas_, a bladder; Ger.
_hausenblase_.]
ISIS, [=i]'sis, _n._ an Egyptian goddess, wife and sister of
Osiris.--_adj._ I'SIAC.
ISLAM, iz'lam, ISLAMISM, iz'lam-izm, _n._ the proper name of the Mohammedan
religion: the whole Mohammedan world.--_adjs._ ISLAM'IC, ISLAMIT'IC.--_n._
IS'LAMITE.--_v.t._ ISLAM[=I]ZE', to conform to Mohammedanism. [Ar.
_isl[=a]m_--_salama_, to submit to God.]
ISLAND, [=i]'land, _n._ the smaller masses of land surrounded with water: a
large floating mass.--_v.t._ to cause to appear like an island: to dot as
with islands.--_n._ ISLANDER ([=i]'land-[.e]r), an inhabitant of an island.
[M. E. _iland_--A.S. _ígland_--_íg_, an island, and _land_, land; Dut. and
Ger. _eiland_, Ice. _eyland_, Sw. and Dan. _öland_. A.S. _íg_ is from a
root which appears in Angles-_ea_, Aldern-_ey_, &c., A.S. _eá_, L. _aqua_,
water, so that it originally means water-land. The _s_ in island is due to
a confusion with _isle_, from L. _insula_.]
ISLE, [=i]l, _n._ an island.--_ns._ ISLES'MAN, an islander, esp. an
inhabitant of the Hebrides; ISLET ([=i]'let), a little isle. [M. E. _ile_,
_yle_--O. Fr. _isle_ (Fr. _île_)--L. _insula_, considered to be so called
because lying _in salo_, in the main sea, L. _salum_ being akin to Gr.
_salos_, the main sea.]
ISM, izm, _n._ any distinctive doctrine, theory, or practice--usually in
disparagement.--_adjs._ ISMAT'IC, -AL, addicted to isms or faddish
theories.--_n._ ISMAT'ICALNESS. [From the suffix _-ism_.]
ISMAILIAN, is-m[=a]-il'i-an, _n._ one of a sect of Shiite Mohammedans, who
claim that _Ismail_ (_c._ 770) was the seventh and last of the Imâms.--_n._
IS'MAILISM.--_adj._ ISMAILIT'IC.
ISOBAR, [=i]'so-bär, _n._ an imaginary line connecting places on the earth
where the mean height of the barometer at sea-level is the same.--_adj._
ISOBAROMET'RIC, applied to lines denoting equal barometric pressure. [Gr.
_isos_, equal, _baros_, weight.]
ISOBATHYTHERM, [=i]-so-bath'i-therm, _n._ a line connecting points of the
same temperature in a vertical section of any portion of the
ocean.--_adjs._ ISOBATHYTHER'MAL, ISOBATHYTHER'MIC. [Gr. _isos_, equal,
_bathys_, deep, _therm[=e]_, heat.]
ISOBILATERAL, [=i]-so-b[=i]-lat'e-ral, _adj._ (_bot._) having the flanks of
the organ flattened surfaces. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _bilateral_.]
ISOBRIOUS, [=i]-sob'ri-us, _adj._ growing equally in both lobes, of a
dicotyledonous embryo.--Also ISODYN'AMOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _brian_, to
be strong.]
ISOBRONT, [=i]'so-bront, _n._ a line on a map connecting points at which a
peal of thunder is heard simultaneously. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _bront[=e]_,
thunder.]
ISOCHASMIC, [=i]-so-kaz'mik, _adj._ denoting equality as regards frequency
of auroral displays. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _chasma_, a gap.]
ISOCHEIMAL, [=i]-so-k[=i]'mal, _adj._ having the same mean winter
temperature--also ISOCHEI'MENAL.--_n._ I'SOCHEIM, an imaginary line
connecting together those places where the mean winter temperature is the
same. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _cheima_, winter.]
ISOCHORIC, [=i]-so-kor'ik, _adj._ pertaining to equal volume or density.
[Gr. _isos_, equal, _ch[=o]ra_, space.]
ISOCHROMATIC, [=i]-so-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ (_optics_) having the same
colour. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]
ISOCHRONAL, [=i]-sok'ron-al, _adj._ of equal time: performed in equal
times--also ISOCH'RONOUS.--_n._ ISOCH'RONISM, the quality of being
isochronous or done in equal times.--_adv._ ISOCH'RONOUSLY. [Gr.
_isochronos_--_isos_, equal, _chronos_, time.]
ISOCHROOUS, [=i]-sok'r[=o]-us, _adj._ of uniform colour.
ISOCLINAL, [=i]-so-kl[=i]'nal (or ISOCLIN'IC), ISODYNAM'IC, and ISOGON'IC
LINES, three systems of lines which being laid on maps represent the
magnetism of the globe as exhibited at the earth's surface in three classes
of phenomena, the varying dip or inclination of the needle, the varying
intensity of the force, and its varying declination from the true meridian.
[Gr. _isos_, equal, _dynamis_, force, _klinein_, to bend, _g[=o]nia_, an
angle.]
ISOCRYME, [=i]'s[=o]-kr[=i]m, _n._ a line on maps connecting points of the
same mean winter temperature.--Also I'SOCRYMAL. [Gr. _isos_, equal,
_krymos_, cold.]
ISODIA, [=i]-s[=o]'di-a, _n.pl._ the feast of the presentation of Jesus in
the Temple. [Gr. _eisodos_, entrance.]
ISODIAMETRIC, [=i]-so-d[=i]-a-met'rik, _adj._ being of equal diameters.
ISODICON, [=i]-sod'i-kon, _n._ (_Gr. Church_) a troparion or short anthem
sung while the Gospel is being carried through the church. [Gr. _eisodos_,
an entrance.]
ISODIMORPHOUS, [=i]-so-d[=i]-mor'fus, _adj._ in crystallography, having the
quality of isodimorphism or isomorphism between the members of two
dimorphous groups.
ISODOMON, [=i]-sod'[=o]-mon, _n._ masonry having courses of uniform
thickness and length, the vertical joints placed over the middle of the
courses below--also ISOD'OMUM:--_pl._ ISOD'OMA.--_adj._ ISOD'OMOUS. [Gr.
_isos_, equal, _demein_, to build.]
ISODONT, [=i]'so-dont, _adj._ having the teeth all alike, as in the
_Isodontia_--cetacea, &c. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]
ISOËTES, [=i]-s[=o]'e-t[=e]z, _n._ a widely distributed genus of vascular
cryptogamous plants, the quillworts--Merlin's Grass, &c. [Gr. _isos_,
equal, _etos_, a year.]
ISOGAMY, [=i]-sog'a-mi, _n._ (_bot._) the conjugation of two protoplasmic
masses not clearly differentiated into a male and female element.--_adj._
ISOG'AMOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gamos_, marriage.]
ISOGENY, [=i]-soj'e-ni, _n._ likeness of origin, a general
homology.--_adj._ ISOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _genos_, kind.]
ISOGEOTHERMAL, [=i]-so-j[=e]-o-th[.e]r'mal, _adj._ of imaginary lines
beneath the earth's surface through points having the same degree of heat.
[Gr. _isos_, equal, _g[=e]_, the earth, _therm[=e]_, heat--_thermos_, hot.]
ISOGNATHOUS, [=i]-sog'na-thus, _adj._ having the molar teeth alike in both
jaws. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gnathos_, the jaw.]
ISOGON, [=i]'so-gon, _n._ a figure having equal angles. [Gr. _isos_, equal,
_gonia_, an angle.]
ISOGONIC, [=i]-so-gon'ik, _adj._ exhibiting ISOG'ONISM, or the production
of like generative individuals from differing stocks, as in certain
hydroids. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gonos_, offspring.]
ISOHYETAL, [=i]-so-h[=i]'e-tal, _n._ an imaginary line connecting places
which have an equal annual rainfall. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _hyetos_, rain.]
ISOLATE, [=i]'so-l[=a]t, or is'o-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to place in a detached
situation, like an island.--_adj._ IS'OLABLE (_chem._), capable of being
separated from any other substance: capable of being obtained pure.--_n._
ISOL[=A]'TION. [It. _isolare_--_isola_--L. _insula_, an island.]
ISOMERISM, [=i]-som'er-izm, _n._ the relation between chemical compounds
which are identical in their ultimate or percentage composition, but
present difficulties in their chemical properties.--_adjs._ ISOMER'IC,
ISOM'EROUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _meros_, part.]
ISOMETRIC, -AL, [=i]-so-met'rik, -al, _adj._ having equality of measure.
[Gr. _isos_, equal, _metron_, measure.]
ISOMORPHISM, [=i]-so-morf'izm, _n._ a term applied by chemists to those
substances which are not only similar in their crystalline form, but are
also analogous in their chemical composition.--_adj._ ISOMORPH'OUS. [Gr.
_isos_, equal, _morph[=e]_, form.]
ISONOMY, [=i]-son'o-mi, _n._ equal law, rights, or privileges. [Gr.
_isonomia_--_isos_, equal, _nomos_, law.]
ISONYM, [=i]'so-nim, _n._ a paronym.--_adj._ ISONYM'IC.--_n._ ISON'YMY.
ISOPATHY, [=i]-sop'a-thi, _n._ the cure of diseases by the same disease or
by its virus. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _pathos_, disease.]
ISOPERIMETRICAL, [=i]-so-per-i-met'rik-al, _adj._ denoting figures having
equal perimeters or circumferences.--_n._ ISOPERIM'ETRY. [Gr. _isos_,
equal, _perimetron_, circumference.]
ISOPOD, [=i]'so-pod, _n._ a crustacean whose legs are all alike, any one of
the ISOP'ODA, an order of higher Crustaceans in the division with unstalked
eyes.--_adjs._ I'SOPOD, ISOP'ODOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _pous_, _podos_, a
foot.]
ISOPOLITY, [=i]-so-pol'i-ti, _n._ equal rights of citizenship in different
communities. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _polit[=e]s_, a citizen.]
ISOPTEROUS, [=i]-sop'te-rus, _adj._ having the wings equal. [Gr. _isos_,
equal, _pteron_, a wing.]
ISORRHYTHMIC, [=i]-s[=o]-rith'mik, _adj._ in ancient prosody, equal in the
number of times for thesis and arsis, as a dactyl and anapæst. [Gr. _isos_,
equal, _hrythmos_, rhythm.]
ISOSCELES, [=i]-sos'e-l[=e]z, _adj._ (_geom._) having two equal sides, as a
triangle. [Gr. _isoskel[=e]s_--_isos_, equal, _skelos_, a leg.]
ISOSEISMAL, [=i]-s[=o]-s[=i]s'mal, _n._ a curve or line connecting points
at which an earthquake shock is felt with equal intensity.--_adjs._
ISOSEIS'MAL, ISOSEIS'MIC. [Gr. _isos_, equal, SEISMOS, a shaking.]
ISOSTATIC, [=i]-so-stat'ik, _adj._ in hydrostatic equilibrium from equality
of pressure. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _statikos_, stable.]
ISOTHERAL, [=i]'so-th[=e]r-al, _adj._ having the same mean summer
temperature.--_n._ I'SOTH[=E]RE, an imaginary line connecting places on the
earth which have the same mean summer temperature. [Gr. _isos_, equal,
_theros_, summer--_therein_, to be warm.]
ISOTHERMAL, [=i]-so-th[.e]r'mal, _adj._ having an equal degree of
heat.--_n._ I'SOTHERM, an imaginary line connecting places on the earth
which have the same mean annual temperature. [Fr. _isotherme_--Gr. _isos_,
equal, _therm[=e]_, heat--_thermos_, hot.]
ISOTONIC, [=i]-so-ton'ik, _adj._ having equal tones. [Gr. _isos_, equal,
_tonos_, tone.]
ISOTROPISM, [=i]-sot'rop-izm, _n._ physical homogeneity or amorphism:
identity of elastic forces of propagation of vibration (light, heat,
sound), or identity of susceptibility to magnetisation, in all
directions.--_adjs._ ISOTROP'IC, ISOT'ROPOUS.
I-SPY, [=i]'-sp[=i]', _n._ a children's game of hide-and-seek, so called
from the cry when one is found.
ISRAELITE, iz'ra-el-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of Israel or Jacob: a
Jew.--_adjs._ ISRAELIT'IC, ISRAEL[=I]T'ISH, pertaining to the Israelites or
Jews. [Gr. _Isra[=e]lit[=e]s_--_Isra[=e]l_, Heb. _Isra[=e]l_, contender,
soldier of God--_sara_, to fight, _El_, God.]
ISSUE, ish'[=u], _v.i._ to go, flow, or come out: to proceed, as from a
source: to spring: to be produced: (_law_) to come to a point in fact or
law: to terminate.--_v.t._ to send out: to put into circulation: to give
out for use.--_n._ a going or flowing out: act of sending out: that which
flows or passes out: fruit of the body, children: produce, profits:
circulation, as of bank-notes: publication, as of a book: a giving out for
use: ultimate result, consequence: (_law_) the point of fact in dispute
which is submitted to a jury: (_med._) an ulcer produced
artificially.--_adj._ ISS'UABLE, capable of issuing, admitting of an
issue.--_n._ ISS'UANCE, act of giving out, promulgation.--_adjs._ ISS'UANT
(_her._), issuing or coming up from another, as a charge or bearing;
ISS'UELESS, without issue: childless.--_n._ ISS'UER, one who issues or
emits.--AT ISSUE, in quarrel or controversy; FEIGNED ISSUE (_law_), an
issue made up for trial by agreement of the parties or by an order of
court, instead of by the ordinary legal procedure; GENERAL ISSUE, a simple
denial of the whole charge, as 'Not guilty,' instead of a SPECIAL ISSUE, an
issue taken by denying a particular part of the allegations; IMMATERIAL
ISSUE, an issue which is not decisive of any part of the litigation, as
opp. to a MATERIAL ISSUE, one which necessarily involves some part of the
rights in controversy.--JOIN, or TAKE, ISSUE, of the two parties taking up
the affirmative and the negative on the point in debate. [O. Fr. _issuë_,
_issir_, to go or flow out--L. _ex[=i]re_--_ex_, out, _[=i]re_, to go.]
ISTHMUS, ist'mus, _n._ a narrow neck of land connecting two larger
portions.--_adj._ ISTH'MIAN, pertaining to an isthmus, esp. the Isthmus of
Corinth.--The ISTHMIAN GAMES were celebrated in the ISTHMIAN SANCTUARY on
the north-east shore of the isthmus. [L.,--Gr. _isthmos_, a passage, an
isthmus, allied to _ithma_, a step, from root of _ienai_, to go.]
ISTLE, is'tl, _n._ a valuable fibre obtained from a tropical American
plant, also from several Mexican species of _Agave_.--Also IX'TLE.
IT, it, _pron._ the thing spoken of. [M. E. and A.S. _hit_, neut. of _he_;
Ice. _hit_, Dut. _het_, Goth. _ita_; akin to L. _id_, Sans. _i_, pronominal
root=here. The _t_ is an old neuter suffix, as in _tha-t_, _wha-t_, and
cognate with d in L. _illu-d_, _istu-d_, _quo-d_.]
ITACISM, ITACIST. See IOTA.
ITACOLUMITE, it-a-kol'[=u]m-[=i]t, _n._ a schistose quartzite, containing
scales of mica, talc, and chlorite, often having a certain flexibility.
ITALIAN, i-tal'yan, Italic, i-tal'ik, _adj._ of or relating to Italy or its
people.--_n._ a native of Italy: the language of Italy.--_vs.t._
ITAL'IANATE, ITAL'IANISE, to make Italian.--_vs.i._ to play the Italian: to
speak Italian.--_n._ ITAL'IANISM.--ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE, the style
practised by the Italian architects of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries,
which originated in a revival of the ancient architecture of Rome; ITALIAN
WAREHOUSEMAN, a dealer in the finer kinds of groceries, as macaroni,
vermicelli, dried fruits, &c.--ITALIC VERSION, or IT'ALA, a translation of
the Bible into Latin, based on a still older version, called Old Latin, and
made probably in the time of Augustine. [It. _Italiano_, _Italico_--L.
_Italia_--Gr. _italos_, a bull.]
ITALICS, i-tal'iks, _n.pl._ a kind of types which _slope to the right_ (as
in the last four words), so called because first used by an _Italian_
printer, Aldo Manuzio, about 1500, employed for emphasis and other
distinctive purposes.--_n._ ITALICIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ ITAL'IC[=I]SE, to
print in Italics.
ITCH, ich, _n._ an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: an eruptive
disease in the skin, caused by a parasitic animal: a constant teasing
desire.--_v.i._ to have an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: to
have a constant, teasing desire.--_ns._ ITCH'INESS; ITCH'-MITE, a mite
which burrows in the skin, causing itch or scabies.--_adj._ ITCH'Y,
pertaining to or affected with itch.--ITCHING PALM, a greed for gain. [A.S.
_giccan_, to itch; Scot. _youk_, _yuck_, Ger. _jucken_, to itch.]
ITEM, [=i]'tem, _adv._ likewise: also.--_n._ a separate article or
particular.--_v.t._ to make a note of.--_v.t._ I'TEMISE, to give by items.
[L.,--_id_, that.]
ITERATE, it'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to do again: to repeat, in modern usage
replaced by the verb reiterate.--_ns._ IT'ERANCE, ITER[=A]'TION,
repetition.--_adjs._ IT'ERANT, IT'ER[=A]TIVE, repeating. [L. _iter[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_iterum_, again.]
ITHYPHALLIC, ith-i-fal'ik, _adj._ pertaining to certain rites:
obscene.--_n._ ITHYPHALL'US, an erect phallus.
ITINERANT, [=i]-tin'er-ant, _adj._ making journeys from place to place:
travelling.--_n._ one who travels from place to place, esp. a Methodist
preacher: a wanderer.--_ns._ ITIN'ERACY, ITIN'ERANCY.--_adv._
ITIN'ERANTLY.--_adj._ ITIN'ERARY, travelling: done on a journey.--_n._ a
book of travels: a guide-book for travellers: a rough sketch and
description of the country through which troops are to march.--_v.i._
ITIN'ER[=A]TE, to travel from place to place, esp. for the purpose of
preaching or lecturing. [L. _itinerans_, _-antis_, part. of
_itiner[=a]ri_-, _-atus_, to travel--L. _iter_, _itineris_, a
journey--_[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.]
ITS, its, _poss. pron._ the possessive of _it._ [The old form was _his_,
_its_ not being older than the end of the 16th century. _Its_ does not
occur in the English Bible of 1611, or in Spenser, rarely in Shakespeare,
and is not common until the time of Dryden.]
ITSELF, it-self', _pron._ the neuter reciprocal pronoun, applied to
things.--BY ITSELF, alone, apart; IN AND BY ITSELF, separately considered.
ITTNERITE, it'n[.e]r-[=i]t, _n._ a dark blue or gray mineral, consisting
chiefly of silica, alumina, potash, and soda.
IVORY, [=i]'vo-ri, _n._ the hard, white substance composing the tusks of
the elephant and of the sea-horse.--_adj._ made of, or resembling,
ivory.--_adj._ I'VORIED, made like ivory: furnished with teeth.--_ns._
I'VORY-BLACK, a black powder, originally made from burnt ivory, but now
from bone; I'VORY-NUT, the nut of a species of palm, containing a substance
like ivory; I'VORY-PALM, the tree which bears the ivory-nut;
I'VORY-POR'CELAIN, a fine ware with an ivory-white glaze.--SHOW ONE'S
IVORIES, to show the teeth. [O. Fr. _ivurie_ (Fr. _ivoire_)--L. _ebur_,
_eboris_, ivory; Coptic _ebu_; Sans. _ibhas_, an elephant.]
IVY, [=i]'vi, _n._ a creeping evergreen plant on trees and walls.--_adjs._
I'VIED, I'VYED, I'VY-MAN'TLED, overgrown or mantled with ivy.--_n._
I'VY-BUSH, a plant of ivy formerly hung over tavern-doors, the ivy being
sacred to Bacchus. [A.S. _ifig_; Old High Ger. _ebah_; prob. conn. with L.
_apium_, parsley.]
IWIS, YWIS, i-wis', _adv._ certainly--sometimes ignorantly written _I wis_,
as if 'I know.' [M. E. _ywis_, _iwis_--A.S. _gewis_, certain; Ger. _gewiss_
(adv.).]
IXION, ik-s[=i]'on, _n._ (_Gr. myth._) a king of the Lapithæ, bound, for an
impious attempt on Hera, hand and foot to a fiery wheel which rolled for
ever in the sky.
IXOLITE, iks'o-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil resin, found in bituminous coal, which
becomes soft and sticky when heated. [Gr. _ixos_, birdlime, _lithos_, a
stone.]
IXTLE. See ISTLE.
* * * * *
J the tenth letter in our alphabet, developed from I, the initial form _j_
being specialised to denote the consonantal sound, the medial _i_ being
retained for the vowel-sound--not universal in English books before the
middle of the 17th century. As a numeral, a variant of I, used in medical
prescriptions, as _vj_, six: representing the mechanical equivalent of
heat--from Joule.
JABBER, jab'[.e]r, _v.i._ to gabble or talk rapidly and indistinctly: to
chatter.--_v.t._ to utter indistinctly:--_pr.p._ jabb'ering; _pa.p._
jabb'ered.--_n._ rapid indistinct speaking.--_n._ JABB'ERER.--_adv._
JABB'ERINGLY. [From root of _gabble_.]
JABBLE, jab'l, _n._ (_Scot._) an agitation on the surface of water.--_v.t._
to splash. [Cf. _jaup_.]