ICHNOGRAPHY, ik-nog'raf-i, _n._ a tracing out: (_archit._) a ground-plan of
a work or building.--_adjs._ ICHNOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ICHNOGRAPH'ICALLY.
[Gr. _ichnographia_--_ichnos_, a track, _graphein_, to grave.]
ICHNOLITE, ik'no-l[=i]t, _n._ a stone retaining the impression of an
extinct animal's footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_, a footprint, _lithos_, a stone.]
ICHNOLOGY, ik-nol'o-ji, _n._ footprint lore: the science of fossil
footprints.--Also ICHNOLITHOL'OGY. [Gr. _ichnos_, a track, a footprint,
_logia_, discourse.]
ICHOR, [=i]'kor, _n._ (_myth._) the ethereal juice in the veins of the
gods: a watery humour: colourless matter from an ulcer.--_adj._ I'CHOROUS.
[Gr. _ich[=o]r_.]
ICHTHINE, ik'thin, _n._ an albuminous substance found in fishes' eggs. [Gr.
_ichthys_, a fish.]
ICHTHYODORULITE, ik'thi-[=o]-dor'[=oo]-l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to
fossil fish-spines in stratified rocks. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _doru_, a
spear, _lithos_, a stone.]
ICHTHYOGRAPHY, ik-thi-og'ra-fi, _n._ a description of fishes. [Gr.
_ickthys_, a fish, _graphein_, to write.]
ICHTHYOID, -AL, ik'thi-oid, -al, _adj._ having the form or characteristics
of a fish--also ICH'THYIC.--_n._ ICHTHYOCOL'LA, fish-glue, isinglass. [Gr.
_ichthys_, a fish, _eidos_, form.]
ICHTHYOLATRY, ik-thi-ol'a-tri, _n._ fish-worship.--_adj._ ICHTHYOL'ATROUS.
ICHTHYOLITE, ik'thi-[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil fish. [Gr. _ichthys_, a
fish, _lithos_, a stone.]
ICHTHYOLOGY, ik-thi-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of natural history that treats
of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ ICHTHYOL'OGIST, one skilled in
ichthyology. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _logia_, discourse.]
ICHTHYOPHAGY, ik-thi-of'a-ji, _n._ the practice of eating fish.--_n._
ICHTHYOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ ICHTHYOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish,
_phagein_, to eat.]
ICHTHYOPSIDA, ik-thi-op'si-da, _n.pl._ one of three primary groups of
vertebrates in Huxley's classification (the other two, _Sauropsida_ and
_Mammalia_), comprising the amphibians or batrachians and the fish and
fish-like vertebrates. [Gr. _ichthys_, fish, _opsis_, appearance.]
ICHTHYORNIS, ik-thi-or'nis, _n._ a fossil bird with vertebræ like those of
fishes, and with teeth set in sockets. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _ornis_, a
bird.]
ICHTHYOSAURIA, ik-thi-o-sawr'i-a, _n._ an order of gigantic extinct marine
reptiles, uniting some of the characteristics of the Saurians with those of
fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOSAUR'IAN.--_n._ ICH'THYOSAURUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a
fish, _sauros_, a lizard.]
ICHTHYOSIS, ik-thi-[=o]'sis, _n._ a disease in which the skin becomes
hardened, thickened, rough, and almost horny in severe cases.--_adj._
ICHTHYOT'IC. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]
ICTHYOTOMY, ik-thi-ot'o-mi, _n._ the anatomy of fishes.--_n._
ICHTHYOT'OMIST.
ICHTHYS, ik'this, _n._ an emblem or motto ([Greek: ICHTHYS]) supposed to
have a mystical connection with Jesus Christ, being the first letters of
the Greek words meaning 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.'
ICICLE, [=i]s'i-kl, _n._ a hanging point of ice formed by the freezing of
dropping water. [A.S. _ísgicel_, for _isesgicel_; _ises_ being the gen. of
_ís_, ice, and _gicel_, an icicle; cf. Ice. _jökull_.]
ICON, [=i]'kon, _n._ a figure, esp. in the Greek Church, representing
Christ, or a saint, in painting, mosaic, &c.--_adj._ ICON'IC.--_n._
ICONOG'RAPHY, the art of illustration.--_adj._ ICONOMAT'IC, expressing
ideas by means of pictured objects.--_ns._ ICONOMAT'ICISM; ICONOPH'ILISM, a
taste for pictures, &c.; ICONOPH'ILIST, a connoisseur of pictures, &c.;
ICONOS'TASIS, a wooden wall which in Byzantine churches separates the choir
from the nave--the icons are placed on it. [L.,--Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image.]
ICONOCLASM, [=i]-kon'o-klazm, _n._ act of breaking images.--_n._
ICON'OCLAST, a breaker of images, one opposed to idol-worship, esp. those
at the commencement in the Eastern Church, who from the 8th century
downwards opposed the use of sacred images, or at least the paying of
religious honour to such: any hot antagonist of the beliefs of
others.--_adj._ ICONOCLAST'IC, pertaining to iconoclasm. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_,
an image, _klast[=e]s_, a breaker--_klan_, to break.]
ICONOLOGY, [=i]-kon-ol'o-ji, _n._ the doctrine of images, especially with
reference to worship.--_ns._ ICONOL'ATER, an image-worshipper; ICONOL'ATRY,
the worship of images; ICONOL'OGIST; ICONOM'ACHIST, one opposed to the
cultus of icons; ICONOM'ACHY, opposition to the same. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an
image, _logia_, discourse.]
ICOSAHEDRON, [=i]-kos-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid having twenty
equal sides or faces.--_adj._ ICOSAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty,
_hedra_, base.]
ICOSANDRIA, [=i]-ko-san'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants having not less than
twenty stamens in the calyx.--_adjs._ ICOSAN'DRIAN, ICOSAN'DROUS. [Gr.
_eikosi_, twenty, an[=e]r, _andros_, a male.]
ICTERUS, ik'te-rus, _n._ the jaundice: a yellowish appearance in
plants.--_adjs._ ICTER'IC, -AL, affected with jaundice; IC'TERINE, yellow,
or marked with yellow, as a bird; ICTERIT'IOUS, yellow. [Gr. _ikteros_,
jaundice.]
ICTUS, ik'tus, _n._ a stroke: rhythmical or metrical stress.--_adj._
IC'TIC, abrupt. [L., 'a blow.']
I'D, [=i]d, contracted from _I would_, or _I had_.
IDALIAN, [=i]-d[=a]'li-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Idalia_, in Cyprus, or to
Venus, to whom it was sacred.
IDEA, [=i]-d[=e]'a, _n._ an image of an external object formed by the mind:
a notion, thought, any product of intellectual action--of memory and
imagination: an archetype of the manifold varieties of existence in the
universe, belonging to the supersensible world, where reality is found and
where God is (_Platonic_); one of the three products of the reason (the
Soul, the Universe, and God) transcending the conceptions of the
understanding--_transcendental ideas_, in the functions of mind concerned
with the unification of existence (_Kantian_); the ideal realised, the
absolute truth of which everything that exists is the expression
(_Hegelian_).--_adjs._ ID[=E]'AED, ID[=E]'A'D, provided with an idea or
ideas; ID[=E]'AL, existing in idea: mental: existing in imagination only:
the highest and best conceivable, the perfect, as opposed to the real, the
imperfect.--_n._ the highest conception of anything.--_adj._
ID[=E]'ALESS.--_n._ IDEALIS[=A]'TION, act of forming an idea, or of raising
to the highest conception.--_v.t._ ID[=E]'ALISE, to form an idea: to raise
to the highest conception.--_v.i._ to form ideas.--_ns._ ID[=E]'AL[=I]SER;
ID[=E]'ALISM, the doctrine that in external perceptions the objects
immediately known are ideas, that all reality is in its nature psychical:
any system that considers thought or the idea as the ground either of
knowledge or existence: tendency towards the highest conceivable
perfection, love for or search after the best and highest: the imaginative
treatment of subjects; ID[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of
idealism, one who strives after the ideal: an unpractical person.--_adj._
IDEALIST'IC, pertaining to idealists or to idealism.--_n._ IDEAL'ITY, ideal
state: ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty and
perfection.--_adv._ ID[=E]'ALLY, in an ideal manner: mentally.--_n._
ID[=E]'ALOGUE, one given to ideas: a theorist.--_v.i._ ID[=E]'ATE, to form
ideas.--_adj._ produced by an idea.--_n._ the correlative or object of an
idea.--_n._ IDE[=A]'TION, the power of the mind for forming ideas: the
exercise of such power.--_adjs._ IDE[=A]'TIONAL, ID[=E]'ATIVE. [L.,--Gr.
_idea_--_idein_, to see.]
IDENTIFY, [=i]-den'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make to be the same: to ascertain or
prove to be the same:--_pa.p._ iden'tified.--_adj._ IDEN'TIFIABLE.--_n._
IDENTIFIC[=A]'TION.--IDENTIFY ONE'S SELF WITH, to take an active part in
the promotion of. [Fr. _identifier_--L., as if _identicus_--_idem_, the
same, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
IDENTITY, [=i]-den'ti-ti, _n._ state of being the same: sameness.--_adj._
IDEN'TICAL, the very same: not different.--_adv._ IDEN'TICALLY.--_n._
IDEN'TICALNESS, identity. [Fr.,--Low L. _identitat-em_--L. _idem_, the
same.]
IDEOGRAPHY, [=i]-de-og'ra-fi, _n._ the representation of things by
pictures, and not by sound-symbols or letters.--_ns._ I'DEOGRAPH, such a
character or symbol as represents an idea without expressing its name--also
I'DEOGRAM.--_adjs._ IDEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, representing ideas by pictures, or
directly instead of words.--_adv._ IDEOGRAPH'ICALLY, in an ideographic
manner. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _graphein_, to write.]
IDEOLOGY, [=i]-de-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of ideas, metaphysics.--_adjs._
IDEOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ IDEOL'OGIST, one occupied with ideas having no
significance: a mere theorist--also ID[=E]'OLOGUE. [Gr. _idea_, idea,
_logia_, discourse.]
IDEOPRAXIST, [=i]-de-[=o]-prak'sist, _n._ one who is impelled to carry out
an idea. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _praxis_, doing.]
IDES, [=i]dz, _n.sing._ in ancient Rome, the 15th day of March, May, July,
October, and the 13th of the other months. [Fr.,--L. _idus_, prob.
Etruscan.]
IDIOCRASY, id-i-ok'ra-si, _n._ same as IDIOSYNCRASY.--_adj._ IDIOCRAT'IC.
IDIOCY. See IDIOT.
IDIOELECTRIC, id-i-o-e-lek'trik, _adj._ electric by virtue of its own
peculiar properties.
IDIOGRAPH, id'i-o-graf, _n._ a private mark or trademark.--_adj._
IDIOGRAPH'IC.
IDIOM, id'i-um, _n._ a mode of expression peculiar to a language, a
peculiar variation of any language, a dialect.--_n._ ID'IASM, a
peculiarity.--_adjs._ IDIOMAT'IC, -AL, conformed or pertaining to the
idioms of a language.--_adv._ IDIOMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ IDIOT'ICON, a
vocabulary of a particular dialect or district. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.
_idi[=o]ma_, peculiarity--_idios_, one's own.]
IDIOMORPHIC, id-i-o-mor'fik, _adj._ having a peculiar or distinctive form.
IDIOPATHY, id-i-op'a-thi, _n._ a peculiar affection or state: (_med._) a
primary disease, one not occasioned by another.--_adj._ IDIOPATH'IC
(_med._), primary, not depending on or preceded by another disease.--_adv._
IDIOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _idios_, peculiar, _pathos_, suffering--_pathein_ to
suffer.]
IDIOSYNCRASY, id-i-o-sin'kra-si, _n._ peculiarity of temperament or
constitution; crotchet or peculiar view, any characteristic of a
person.--_adj._ IDIOSYNCRAT'IC. [Gr. _idios_, one's own, _syncrasis_, a
mixing together--_syn_, together, _krasis_, a mixing.]
IDIOT, id'i-ut, _n._ one deficient in intellect: a foolish or unwise
person.--_adj._ afflicted with idiocy: idiotic.--_v.t._ to make
idiotic--_ns._ ID'IOCY, ID'IOTCY, state of being an idiot: imbecility:
folly.--_adjs._ IDIOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like an idiot:
foolish.--_adv._ IDIOT'ICALLY.--_adj._ IDIOT'ISH, idiotic.--_n._ ID'IOTISM,
the state of being an idiot. [Fr.,--L. _idiota_--_idi[=o]t[=e]s_, orig. a
'private man,' then a rude person--_idios_, one's own.]
IDLE, [=i]'dl, _adj._ vain: trifling: unemployed: averse to labour: not
occupied: useless: unimportant: unedifying.--_v.t._ to spend in
idleness.--_v.i._ to be idle or unoccupied.--_adj._ I'DLE-HEAD'ED,
foolish.--_ns._ I'DLEHOOD, I'DLENESS; I'DLER; ID'LESSE, idleness;
I'DLE-WHEEL, a wheel placed between two others simply for transferring the
motion from one to the other without changing the direction.--_n.pl._
I'DLE-WORMS, once jocularly supposed to be bred in the fingers of lazy
maid-servants.--_adv._ I'DLY. [A.S. _idel_; Dut. _ijdel_, Ger. _eitel_.]
IDOCRASE, id'o-kr[=a]z, _n._ the mineral vesuvianite. [Gr. _eidos_, form,
_krasis_, mixture.]
IDOL, [=i]'dul, _n._ a figure: an image of some object of worship: a person
or thing too much loved or honoured: any phantom of the brain, or any false
appearance by which men are led into error or prejudice which prevents
impartial observation, a fallacy--also ID[=O]'LON, ID[=O]'LUM:--_pl._
ID[=O]'LA--Bacon (_Novum Organum_, i. § 38) makes these four in
number--_Idols of the nation or tribe_; _Idols of the den or cave_
(fallacies due to personal causes); _Idols of the forum_ (those due to the
influence of words or phrases); _Idols of the theatre_ (those due to
misconceptions of philosophic system or demonstration).--_v.t._
I'DOL[=I]SE, to make an idol of, for worship: to love to excess.--_ns._
IDOL[=I]S'ER; I'DOLISM (_Milt._), idolatrous worship; I'DOLIST (_Milt._),
an idolater; IDOL'OCLAST, a breaker of images.--_adj._ IDOLOGRAPH'ICAL,
treating of idols. [O. Fr. _idole_--L. _idolum_--Gr. _eid[=o]lon_--_eidos_,
what is seen--_idein_, to see.]
IDOLATER, [=i]-dol'a-t[.e]r, _n._ a worshipper of idols: a great
admirer:--_fem._ IDOL'ATRESS.--_v.t._ IDOL'ATR[=I]SE, to worship as an
idol: to adore.--_adj._ IDOL'ATROUS, pertaining to idolatry.--_adv._
IDOL'ATROUSLY.--_n._ IDOL'ATRY, the worship of an image held to be the
abode of a superhuman personality: excessive love. [Fr. _idolâtre_, corr.
of L.,--Gr. _eid[=o]lolatr[=e]s_--_eid[=o]lon_, idol, _latreuein_, to
worship.]
IDOLON, [=i]-d[=o]'lon, _n._ same as IDOL, an image: a mistaken notion.
[Gr. _eid[=o]lon_, an image.]
IDRIS, [=i]'dris, _n._ a mythical figure in Welsh tradition, giant, prince,
and astronomer.
IDYL, IDYLL, [=i]'dil, _n._ a short pictorial poem, chiefly on pastoral
subjects: a narrative poem.--_n._ IDYL'IST, a writer of idyls.--_adj._
IDYLL'IC, of or belonging to idyls: pastoral. [L. _idyllium_--Gr.
_idyllion_, dim. of _eidos_, image.]
IF, if, _conj._ an expression of doubt; whether: in case that: supposing
that.--AS IF, as it would be if. [A.S. _gif_; Dut. _of_, Ice. _ef_, if,
_efa_, to doubt.]
IGNARO, ig-n[=a]'r[=o], _n._ (_Spens._) an ignorant person. [It.,--L.
IGNARUS. See IGNORE.]
IGNATIAN, ig-n[=a]'shan, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Ignatius_, Bishop
of Antioch, martyred at Rome under Trajan about 110 A.D.--The famous
IGNATIAN EPISTLES exist in 3 different forms or recensions--the _Short_ (3
only, in Syriac); the _Middle_ (7, the Greek text first published in
1646--considered by Zahn and Lightfoot to be the original form); the _Long_
(these 7, together with 6 others).
IGNEOUS, ig'ne-us, _adj._ pertaining to, consisting of, or like fire:
(_geol._) produced by the action of fire.--_adjs._ IGNESC'ENT, emitting
sparks of fire; IGNIF'EROUS, bearing fire; IGNIG'ENOUS, engendered in
fire.--IGNEOUS rocks, those which have been erupted from the heated
interior of the earth--hence also termed _Eruptive rocks_. [L.
_igneus_--_ignis_, fire.]
IGNIPOTENT, ig-nip'o-tent, _adj._ (_Pope_) presiding over fire. [L.
_ignis_, fire, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]
IGNIS-FATUUS, ig'nis-fat'[=u]-us, _n._ a light which misleads travellers,
often seen over marshy places, also called 'Will-o'-the-Wisp:'--_pl._
IGNES-FATUI (ig'n[=e]z-fat'[=u]-[=i]). [L. _ignis_, fire, _fatuus_,
foolish.]
IGNITE, ig-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to set on fire, to kindle: to render luminous
with heat.--_v.i._ to take fire: to burn.--_n._ IGNITIBIL'ITY.--_adj._
IGN[=I]T'IBLE, that may be ignited.--_n._ IGNI'TION, act of setting on
fire: state of being kindled, and esp. of being made red hot. [L.
_ign[=i]re_, _ign[=i]tum_, to set on fire--_ignis_, fire.]
IGNOBLE, ig-n[=o]'bl, _adj._ of low birth: mean or worthless:
dishonourable.--_v.i._ to degrade.--_ns._ IGNOBIL'ITY,
IGN[=O]'BLENESS.--_adv._ IGN[=O]'BLY. [Fr.,--L. _ignobilis_--_in_, not,
_gnobilis_, _nobilis_, noble.]
IGNOMINY, ig'n[=o]-min-i, _n._ the loss of one's good name: public
disgrace: infamy--formerly also IG'NOMY.--_adj._ IGNOMIN'IOUS,
dishonourable: marked with ignominy: contemptible: mean.--_adv._
IGNOMIN'IOUSLY.--_n._ IGNOMIN'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _ignominia_--_in_, not,
_gnomen_, _nomen_, name.]
IGNORAMUS, ig-n[=o]-r[=a]'mus, _n._ the word formerly written by a
grand-jury on the back of an indictment, meaning that they rejected it: an
ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to knowledge:--_pl._
IGNOR[=A]'MUSES. [L., 'We are ignorant,' 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of
_ignor[=a]re_.]
IGNORANT, ig'n[=o]-rant, _adj._ without knowledge: uninstructed:
unacquainted with: resulting from want of knowledge: (_Shak._) unconscious:
(_Shak._) undiscovered.--_n._ IG'NORANCE, state of being ignorant: want of
knowledge--in R.C. theol. _vincible_ or _wilful_ ignorance is such as one
might be fairly expected to overcome, hence it can never be an excuse for
sin, whether of omission or of commission; while _invincible_ ignorance,
which a man could not help or abate, altogether excuses from guilt: (_pl._)
in Litany, sins committed through ignorance.--_adv._ IG'NORANTLY.--_n._
IGNOR[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _ignorans_, _-antis_, _pr.p._ of _ignor[=a]re_.
See IGNORE.]
IGNORANTINES, ig-n[=o]-ran't[=i]nz, _n.pl._ (_R.C._) name of a religious
congregation of men devoted to the instruction of poor children--now better
known as the _Brothers of Christian Schools_.
IGNORE, ig-n[=o]r', _v.t._ wilfully to disregard: to set aside. [Fr.,--L.
_ignor[=a]re_, not to know--_in_, not, and _gno-_, root of _(g)nosc[)e]re_,
to know.]
IGUANA, i-gwä'na, _n._ a genus of thick-tongued arboreal lizards in
tropical America. [Sp., prob. Haytian.]
IGUANODON, i-gwä'no-don, _n._ a large extinct herbivorous reptile, with
teeth like those of the iguana. [_Iguana_, and Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a
tooth.]
ILEAC, il'e-ak, _adj._, ILEUM, il'e-um, _n._ See ILIAC.
ILEX, [=i]'leks, _n._ the scientific name for Holly (which see): the
evergreen or holm oak. [L.]
ILIAC, il'i-ak, _adj._ pertaining to the lower intestines.--_ns._ IL'EUM,
the lower part of the smaller intestine in man; IL'IUM, the upper part of
the hip-bone:--_pl._ IL'IA.--ILEUS, ILEAC, or ILIAC PASSION, a severe colic
with vomiting, &c. [Fr., through a Low L. _iliacus_--_ilia_, the flanks,
the groin.]
ILIAD, il'i-ad, _n._ an epic poem by Homer, giving an account of the
destruction of _Ilium_ or ancient Troy. [L. _Ilias_, _Iliadis_--Gr.
_Ilias_, _Iliados_, a poem relating to _Ilium_, the city of _Ilos_, its
founder.]
ILK, ilk, _adj._ the same.--OF THAT ILK, of that same, used in connection
with a man whose name is the same as that of his ancestral estate--often
used erroneously for 'of that kind.' [A.S. _ilc_, _ylc_, from _y-_ or _i-_
(base of _he_), and _líc_=like.]