HEGELIANISM, h[=e]-g[=e]'li-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical principles of
Wilhelm Friedrich _Hegel_ (1770-1831).--_adj._ H[=e]g[=e]'lian, of or
pertaining to Hegel.--_n._ a follower of Hegel.
HEGEMONY, h[=e]'jem-o-ni, _n._ leadership: control, esp. of one state over
others.--_adjs._ HEGEMON'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HEG[=U]'MEN, HEG[=U]'MENOS, the
head of a monastery:--_fem._ HEG[=U]'MENE, HEG[=U]'MENESS. [Gr.
_h[=e]gemonia_--_h[=e]gem[=o]n_, leader--_h[=e]geisthai_, to go before.]
HEGIRA, HEJIRA, hej'i-ra, _n._ the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, 15th July
622 A.D., from which is dated the Mohammedan era: any flight. [Ar.
_hijrah_, flight, _hajara_, to leave.]
HEIFER, hef'[.e]r, _n._ a young cow. [A.S. _héahfore_, _héahfru_, _-fre_;
prob. 'high-goer,' _faran_, to go.]
HEIGH, h[=i], _interj._ a cry of encouragement or exultation--also HEY,
HA.--_interj._ HEIGH'-HO, an exclamation expressive of weariness. [Imit.]
HEIGHT, h[=i]t, _n._ the condition of being high: distance upwards: that
which is elevated: a hill: elevation in rank or excellence: utmost
degree.--_v.t._ HEIGHT'EN, to make higher, to advance or improve: to make
brighter or more prominent. [Corr. of _highth_--A.S. _híehtho_,
_héahthu_--_héah_, high.]
HEINOUS, h[=a]'nus, _adj._ wicked in a high degree, enormous:
atrocious.--_adv._ HEI'NOUSLY.--_n._ HEI'NOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _haïnos_ (Fr.
_haineux_)--_haïr_, to hate.]
HEIR, [=a]r, _n._ one who inherits anything after the death of the owner:
one entitled to anything after the present possessor: a child,
offspring:--_fem._ HEIRESS ([=a]r'es).--_v.t._ HEIR, to inherit.--_ns._
HEIR'-APP[=A]'RENT, the one by law acknowledged to be heir; HEIR'-AT-LAW,
an heir by legal right; HEIR'DOM, HEIR'SHIP.--_adj._ HEIR'LESS, without an
heir.--_ns._ HEIR'LOOM, any piece of furniture or personal property which
descends to the heir-at-law by special custom; HEIR'-PRESUMP'TIVE, one who
will be heir if no nearer relative should be born.--HEIR BY CUSTOM, one
whose right as heir is determined by customary modes of descent, as
gavelkind, &c. [O. Fr. _heir_--L. _h[=e]res_, an heir.]
HEJIRA. See HEGIRA.
HEL, hel, _n._ in Northern mythology, the goddess of the dead, the sister
of the wolf Fenrir, and daughter of the evil-hearted Loki.
HELCOID, hel'koid, _adj._ ulcerous.--_ns._ HELCOL'OGY, the branch of
pathology concerned with ulcers; HEL'COPLASTY, the operation of grafting on
an ulcer a piece of healthy skin; HELC[=O]'SIS, ulceration.--_adj._
HELCOT'IC. [Gr. _helkos_, an ulcer.]
HELD, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _hold_.
HELE, h[=e]l, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to hide, conceal. [A.S. _helian_, _helan_,
to hide; Ger. _hehlen_.]
HELIAC, h[=e]'li-ak, HELIACAL, he-l[=i]'ak-al, _adj._ (_astron._) emerging
from the light of the sun or passing into it.--_adv._ HEL[=I]'ACALLY. [Gr.
_h[=e]liakos_--_h[=e]lios_, the sun.]
HELIANTHUS, h[=e]-li-an'thus, _n._ a genus of order _Compositae_, including
the common sunflower. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _anthos_, a flower.]
HELICAL, HELICIDÆ, HELICOGRAPH, HELICOID. See HELIX.
HELICONIAN, hel-i-k[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Helicon_, a
mountain-range in Boeotia, in ancient Greece, the favourite seat of the
Muses.
HELIOCENTRIC, -AL, h[=e]-li-o-sen'trik, -al, _adj._ (_astron._) referred to
the sun as centre.--_adv._ HELIOCEN'TRICALLY. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun,
_kentron_, the centre.]
HELIOCHROMY, h[=e]'li-ok-r[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of producing photographs in
the natural colours.--_ns._ H[=E]'LIOCHROME, HELIOCHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a
photograph in the natural colours.--_adj._ HELIOCHR[=O]'MIC.
HELIOGRAPH, h[=e]'li-o-graf, _n._ an apparatus for signalling by means of
the sun's rays: an engraving obtained by a process in which a specially
prepared plate is acted on chemically by exposure to light: an apparatus
for taking photographs of the sun.--_v.t._ to signal to by means of the
sun's rays.--_n._ HELIOG'RAPHER.--_adjs_. HELIOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._
HELIOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ HELIOG'RAPHY, a method of communicating swiftly
between distant points by means of the sun's rays reflected from mirrors:
photography; HELIOGR[=A]'VURE (or h[=a]-li-[=o]-gra-vür'), photo-engraving,
or a print obtained by this process. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun,
_graph[=e]_, a painting--_graphein_, to write.]
HELIOLATRY, h[=e]-li-ol'a-tri, _n._ worship of the sun.--_n._ HELIOL'ATER,
a worshipper of the sun.--_adj._ HELIOL'ATROUS. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun,
_latreia_, worship.]
HELIOLOGY, h[=e]-li-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the sun.
HELIOMETER, h[=e]-li-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument by which the diameters
of the heavenly bodies can be measured with great accuracy.--_adjs._
HELIOMET'RIC, -AL. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, sun, _metron_, a measure.]
HELIOPHILOUS, h[=e]-li-of'i-lus, _adj._ fond of the sun--opp. to
HELIOPH[=O]'BIC, fearing or shunning sunlight.
HELIOSCOPE, h[=e]'li-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ a telescope for viewing the sun
without injury to the eyes, by means of blackened glass or mirrors that
reflect only a part of the light.--_adj._ HELIOSCOP'IC. [Fr.
_hélioscope_--Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _skopein_, to look, to spy.]
HELIOSTAT, h[=e]'li-o-stat, _n._ an instrument by means of which a beam of
sunlight is reflected in an invariable direction. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, sun,
_statos_, fixed--_histanai_, to stand.]
HELIOTROPE, h[=e]'li-o-tr[=o]p, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order
_Boraginaceæ_, many species with fragrant flowers, esp. the _Peruvian
heliotrope_, with small lilac-blue flowers and a fragrance resembling
vanilla or cherry-pie: (_min._) a bloodstone, a variety of chalcedony of a
dark-green colour variegated with red: a mirror placed at a distant station
and adjusted by clockwork, so that at a particular hour of the day
(arranged beforehand) the light of the sun shall be reflected from the
mirror directly to the surveyor's station.--_adjs._ HELIOTROP'IC,
-AL.--_adv._ HELIOTROP'ICALLY.--_ns._ HELIOT'ROPISM, HELIOT'ROPY, the
tendency that the stem and leaves of a seedling plant have to bend towards,
and the roots from, the light when placed in a transparent vessel of water
within reach of the light of a window. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.
_h[=e]liotropion_--_h[=e]lios_, the sun, _tropos_, a turn.]
HELIOTYPY, h[=e]'li-[=o]-t[=i]-pi, _n._ a photo-mechanical process in which
the gelatine relief is itself used to print from in some form of
printing-press, instead of being covered with tinfoil as in the stannotype
process.--_n._ H[=E]'LIOTYPE, a photograph.--_v.t._ to produce a heliotype
picture of.--_v.i._ to practise heliotypy.--_adj._ HELIOTYP'IC. [Gr.
_h[=e]lios_, sun, _typos_, impression.]
HELIOZOA, h[=e]'li-[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n._ a class of Protozoa of the Rhizopod
type, with protruding processes of living matter. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the
sun, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]
HELIUM, h[=e]'li-um, _n._ a substance discovered by Lockyer in the sun's
atmosphere, found by Ramsay in the rare Norwegian mineral cleveite.
HELIX, h[=e]'liks, _n._ a spiral, as of wire in a coil: (_zool._) a genus
of molluscs including the land-snails: the external part of the ear: a
small volute or twist in the capital of a Corinthian column:--_pl._ HELICES
(hel'i-s[=e]z).--_adj._ HEL'ICAL, spiral.--_adv._ HEL'ICALLY.--_n.pl._
HELIC'IDÆ, a large family of terrestrial, air-breathing gasteropods, of
which snails are familiar examples.--_n._ HEL'ICOGRAPH, a drawing
instrument for describing a spiral line.--_adjs._ HEL'ICOID, -AL, like a
helix, screw-shaped; HELISPHER'IC, -AL, spiral. [L.,--Gr. _helix_,
_helissein_, to turn round.]
HELL, hel, _n._ the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death:
the place of the dead indefinitely: the abode of evil spirits: the powers
of hell: any place of vice or misery: a gambling-house.--_adjs._
HELL'-BLACK (_Shak._), black as hell; HELL'-BORN, born in hell: of hellish
origin; HELL'-BRED.--_ns._ HELL'-BROTH (_Shak._), a composition boiled up
for malignant purposes; HELL'-CAT, a malignant hag; HELL'-FIRE, the fire of
hell: punishment in hell; HELL'-GATE, the entrance into hell.--_adj._
HELL'-HAT'ED (_Shak._), hated or abhorred as hell.--_n._ HELL'HOUND, a
hound of hell: an agent of hell.--_adj._ HELL'ISH, pertaining to or like
hell: very wicked.--_adv._ HELL'ISHLY.--_ns._ HELL'ISHNESS; HELL'-KITE
(_Shak._), a kite of infernal breed.--_adv._ HELL'WARD, towards hell. [A.S.
_hel_; Ice. _hel_, Ger. _hölle_.]
HELL, hel, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to hide.
HE'LL, contraction for _he will_.
HELLEBORE, hel'e-b[=o]r, _n._ a plant of the genus Helleborus
(_Ranunculaceæ_), whose root possesses drastic purgative properties,
anciently used as a cure for insanity--varieties are the _Black Hellebore_
or _Christmas Rose_, the _Stinking_ and the _Green Hellebore_; similar
plants of other genera are the _Winter Hellebore_ and the _American False_
or _White Hellebore_, known also as _Indian Poke_ or _Itch Weed_. [Fr.
_hellébore_--L. _helleborus_--Gr. _helleboros_.]
HELLENIC, hel-len'ik, or hel-l[=e]'nik, HELLENIAN, hel-l[=e]'ni-an, _adj._
pertaining to the Hellenes or Greeks: Grecian, in art, esp. of the period
from the primitive epoch to the Roman supremacy in Greece (beginning 146
B.C.), sometimes only from the time of Alexander the Great (c. 330
B.C.)--the term _Hellenistic_ applying to later times.--_n._ HELL'[=E]NE,
an ancient Greek: a subject of the modern kingdom of Greece or
Hellas:--_pl._ HELL[=E]'NES, the name of the modern Greeks for
themselves.--_v.i._ HELL'ENISE, to conform, or show a tendency to conform,
to Greek usages.--_ns._ HELL'ENISM, a Greek idiom: the spirit of the Greek
race; HELL'ENIST, one skilled in the Greek language: a Jew who used the
Greek language and adopted Greek usages, in opposition to the Hebrews
properly so called, whether of Palestine or of the Dispersion, and to the
Hellenes or Greeks proper--they are called _Grecians_ in the Authorised,
_Grecian Jews_ in the Revised Version.--_adjs._ HELLENIST'IC, -AL,
pertaining to the Hellenists: pertaining to Greek with foreign, esp.
Aramaic and Hebrew, idioms--a popular dialect which grew up at Alexandria
and perpetuated itself in the Septuagint, and to a less marked degree in
the New Testament.--_adv._ HELLENIST'ICALLY. [Gr. _Hell[=e]nios_,
_Hel[=e]nikos_--_Hell[=e]nes_, a name ultimately given to all the
Greeks--_Hell[=e]n_, the son of Deucalion, the Greek Noah.]
HELLICAT, hel'i-kat, _adj._ giddy-headed: flighty.--_n._ (_Scot._) a wicked
creature.
HELM, helm, _n._ the instrument by which a ship is steered: the station of
management or government.--_v.t._ to direct.--_n._ HELM'AGE,
guidance.--_adj._ HELM'LESS, of a ship, without a helm.--_n._ HELMS'MAN,
the one who steers. [A.S. _helma_; Ice. _hjálm_, a rudder, Gr. _helm_, a
handle.]
HELM, helm, HELMET, hel'met, _n._ a covering of armour for the head:
(_bot._) the hooded upper lip of certain flowers.--_adjs._ HELMED,
HEL'METED, furnished with a helmet.--_n._ HEL'MET-SHELL, a genus of
gasteropods having thick heavy shells with bold ridges: a cameo-shell.
[A.S. _helm_--_helan_, to cover; Ger. _helm_.]
HELMINTH, hel'minth, _n._ a worm.--_n._ HELMINTH'AGOGUE, a remedy against
worms.--_adj._ HELMIN'THIC, pertaining to worms: (_med._) expelling
worms.--_n._ a medicine for expelling worms.--_n._ HELMIN'THITE, a long
sinuous mark common on the surfaces of sandstone, and supposed to be the
tracks of worms.--_adjs._ HELMIN'THOID, worm-shaped; HELMINTHOLOG'IC,
-AL.--_ns._ HELMINTHOL'OGIST; HELMINTHOL'OGY, that branch of natural
history which treats of worms, or more particularly of the parasitic
forms.--_adj._ HELMINTH'OUS. [Gr. _helmins_, -_inthos_, a worm.]
HELOT, h[=e]'lot, or hel'ot, _n._ one of a class of slaves among the
ancient Spartans.--_ns._ H[=E]'LOTAGE, the state of a Helot; H[=E]'LOTISM,
the condition of the Helots in ancient Sparta: slavery; H[=E]'LOTRY, the
whole body of the Helots: any class of slaves. [Gr.; said to be derived
from _Helos_, a town in Greece, reduced to slavery by the Spartans.]
HELP, help, _v.t._ to support: to assist: to mitigate: to give means for
doing anything: to provide or supply with: to remedy: to prevent, to keep
from.--_v.i._ to give assistance: to contribute:--_pa.p._ helped, (_B._)
h[=o]lp'en.--_n._ means or strength given to another for a purpose:
assistance: relief: one who assists: (_Amer._) a hired servant, esp. a
domestic.--_n._ HELP'ER, one who helps: an assistant.--_adj._ HELP'FUL,
giving help: useful.--_n._ HELP'FULNESS.--_adj._ HELP'LESS, without help or
power in one's self: wanting assistance.--_adv._ HELP'LESSLY.--_ns._
HELP'LESSNESS; HELP'MATE, an assistant: a partner: a wife--also written
HELP'MEET, from Gen. ii. 18.--HELP FORWARD, to assist in making progress;
HELP OFF, to aid in disposing or getting rid of; HELP ON, to forward, to
lift up; HELP OUT, to aid in finishing a task, eking out a supply, &c.;
HELP OVER, to enable to surmount; HELP TO, to aid in obtaining for some
one; HELP UP, to raise.--GOD HELP HIM, a phrase implying extreme pity or
commiseration.--SO HELP ME GOD, a very strong asseveration, implying the
willingness of the speaker to let his chance of salvation depend upon his
truthfulness. [A.S. _helpan_, pa.t. _healp_, pa.p. _holpen_; Ice. _hjálpa_,
Ger. _helfen_, to aid.]
HELTER-SKELTER, hel'ter-skel'ter, _adv._ in a confused hurry:
tumultuously.--_n._ a confused medley: disorderly motion.--_adj._
confused.--_n._ HEL'TER-SKEL'TERINESS. [Imit.]
HELVE, helv, _n._ the handle of an axe or hatchet: the handle of a
forehammer.--_v.t._ to furnish with a handle, as an axe.--_n._
HELVE'-HAMM'ER, a trip-hammer. [A.S. _hielfe_, _helfe_, a handle.]
HELVETIC, hel-vet'ik, _adj._ pertaining to Switzerland--also
HELV[=E]'TIAN.--HELVETIC CONFESSIONS, two confessions of faith drawn up by
the Swiss theologians in 1536 and 1566, in substance Protestant,
Evangelical, moderately Calvinistic, and Zwinglian. [L.,--_Helvetia_, Latin
name of Switzerland.]
HEM, hem, _n._ the border of a garment doubled down and sewed.--_v.t._ to
form a hem on: to edge:--_pr.p._ hem'ming; _pa.p._ hemmed.--_n._
HEM'-STITCH, the ornamental finishing of the inner side of a hem, made by
pulling out several threads adjoining it and drawing together in groups the
cross-threads by successive stitches.--_v.t._ to embroider with such.--HEM
IN, to surround. [A.S. _hemm_, a border; Ger. _hamm_, a fence.]
HEM, hem, _n._ and _interj._ a sort of half-cough to draw
attention.--_v.i._ to utter the sound _hem!_--_pr.p._ hem'ming; _pa.p._
hemmed. [Imit.]
HEM, hem, (_Spens._) them.
HEMERALOPIA, hem'e-ra-l[=o]'pi-a, _n._ day-blindness, a defect of vision
except in artificial or dim light; also applied to night-blindness. [Gr.
_h[=e]mera_, a day, _alaos_, blind, _[=o]ps_, the eye.]
HEMIANOPSIA, hem'i-an-op'si-a, _n._ complete or partial blindness as to
half the field of vision--also HEMIAN[=O]P'IA, HEMI[=O]'PIA, HEMIOP'SIA,
HEM'OPSY.--_adjs._ HEMIANOP'TIC, HEMIOP'IC. [Gr. _h[=e]mi_-, half, _an_-,
neg., _opsis_, sight.]
HEMICRANIA, hem-i-kr[=a]'ni-a, _n._ headache confined to one side of the
head.--_adj._ HEMICRAN'IC.
HEMICYCLE, hem'i-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a semicircle, a room with seats so
arranged. [Fr.,--Gr.]
HEMIHEDRISM, hem-i-h[=e]'drizm, _n._ a property of crystals of being
HEMIH[=E]'DRAL, or having half the number of symmetrically arranged planes
occurring on a holohedron.--_n._ HEMIH[=E]'DRON. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half,
_hedra_, a seat.]
HEMIOLIC, hem-i-ol'ik, _adj._ constituting the proportion of 1½ to 1, or of
3 to 2. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _holos_, whole.]
HEMIONUS, h[=e]-m[=i]'o-nus, HEMIONE, hem'i-[=o]n, _n._ the half-ass, or
dziggetai. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _onos_, an ass.]
HEMIPLEGIA, hem-i-pl[=e]'ji-a, _n._ paralysis of one side of the face or
body--also HEM'IPLEGY.--_adj._ HEMIPLEG'IC. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half,
_pl[=e]g[=e]_, a blow.]
HEMIPTERA, hem-ip't[.e]r-a, _n._ an order of _Insecta_, in the
classification of Linnæus: in later systems, the same as _Rhyncota_,
including aphides, coccus insects, cicadas, bugs, water-scorpions, lice
(_Ametabola_).--_n._ HEMIP'TER.--_adjs._ HEMIP'TERAL, HEMIP'TERAN,
HEMIP'TEROUS. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _pteron_, a wing.]
HEMISPHERE, hem'i-sf[=e]r, _n._ a half-sphere: half of the globe or a map
of it.--_adjs._ HEMISPHER'IC, -AL.--_n._ HEMISPH[=E]'ROID, the half of a
spheroid.--_adj._ HEMISPHEROI'DAL.--EASTERN and WESTERN HEMISPHERES, the
eastern and western halves of the terrestrial globe, the former including
Europe, Asia, and Africa; the latter, the Americas. [Gr.
_h[=e]misphairion_--_h[=e]mi-_, half, _sphaira_, a sphere.]
HEMISTICH, hem'i-stik, _n._ one of the two parts of a line of poetry as
divided by the cesura: half a line, an incomplete or unfinished line: an
epodic line or refrain.--_adj._ HEM'ISTICHAL. [L. _hemistichium_--Gr.
_h[=e]mistichion_--_h[=e]mi-_, half, _stichos_, a line.]
HEMITROPE, hem'i-tr[=o]p, _n._ a form in which one part of a crystal is in
reverse position with reference to the other part, a twin-crystal.--_adjs._
HEM'ITROPE, HEMIT'ROPAL, HEMITROP'IC, HEMIT'ROPOUS.
HEMLOCK, hem'lok, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants, the most common
species being the poisonous spotted hemlock, used in medicine. [A.S.
_hemlic_, the second syllable a weakened form of _leác_, a plant. Cf.
CHARLOCK, GARLIC.]
HEMP, hemp, _n._ a plant with a fibrous bark used for cordage, coarse
cloth, &c.: the fibrous rind prepared for spinning.--_adj._ HEMP'EN, made
of hemp.--_ns._ HEMP'-NETT'LE, a coarse bristly annual weed of the labiate
family; HEMP'-PALM, a palm of China and Japan, the fibre of the leaves of
which is much employed for making cordage--hats, cloaks, and other garments
are also made from it; HEMP'-SEED, Mrs Quickly's word for homicide
(_Shak._, _2 Henry IV._, II. i. 64).--_adj._ HEMP'Y, like hemp: roguish:
romping.--_n._ (_Scot._) a rogue.--HEMPEN COLLAR, and CAUDLE (_Shak._), the
hangman's noose; HEMPEN WIDOW, the widow of a man who has been hanged.
[A.S. _henep_, _hænep_--L. _cannabis_--Gr. _kannabis_.]
HEN, hen, _n._ the female of any bird, esp. of the domestic fowl.--_ns._
HEN'BANE, a coarse annual or biennial herb of the nightshade family,
poisonous, esp. to domestic fowls; HEN'COOP, a coop or large cage for
domestic fowls; HEN'-DRIV'ER, HEN'-HARR'IER, a species of falcon, the
common harrier.--_adj._ HEN'-HEART'ED, timid as a hen: cowardly.--_ns._
HEN'-HOUSE, a house, coop, or shelter for fowls; HEN'-HUSS'Y, a man who
meddles with women's affairs; HEN'-MOULD, a black, spongy soil; HEN'NERY, a
place where fowls are kept.--_adj._ HEN'NY, like a hen, feathered.--_v.t._
HEN'PECK, of a wife, to domineer over her husband.--_n._ the subjection of
a husband to his wife.--_adj._ HEN'PECKED, weakly subject to his
wife.--_ns._ HENPECK'ERY, the state of being henpecked; HEN'-ROOST, a place
where poultry roost at night; HEN'WIFE, HEN'-WOM'AN, a woman who has the
charge of poultry. [A.S. _henn_--_hana_, a cock; Ger. _hahn_, fem.
_henne_.]
HENCE, hens, _adv._ from this place or time: in the future: from this cause
or reason: from this origin.--_interj._ away! begone!--_advs._ HENCE'FORTH,
HENCEFOR'WARD, from this time forth or forward. [M. E. _hennes_,
_henne_--A.S. _heonan_, from the base of he; Ger. _hinnen_,_hin_, hence; so
L. _hinc_, hence--_hic_, this.]
HENCHMAN, hensh'man, _n._ a servant: a page. [Not from _haunch-man_, but
from A.S. _hengest_, a horse (Ger. _hengst_), and man.]