Being hints on identifying 145 birds,
prepared primarily for the spring
migration in Lincoln Park, Chicago
BY
Herbert Eugene Walter
AND
Alice Hall Walter
_REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION
WITH CHART AND KEY_
Chicago
A. W. Mumford & Company, Publishers
378 Wabash Avenue
1906
Copyright 1901, 1902 and 1904
by Alice Hall Walter
Note to Third Edition.
With the continued success of this little booklet the authors have been
led to revise and enlarge the present issue in the hope that it will
prove more helpful and complete to those beginning the outdoor study of
birds.
The new features of this edition are the addition of forty-five
birds--the majority of which are shore and water birds--and a simple
field key. The number of each bird as given in the check-list of the
American Ornithologist's Union has also been inserted after its
scientific name as an aid in referring to larger bird-books. The subject
matter has been carefully rewritten and the order of the birds rearranged
in accordance with data covering observations during the last seven
years, as well as the charts which show the relative abundance of the
birds and the height of the migration in Lincoln Park.
We wish to thank our friends for their kind support in furthering our
efforts to enlarge the circle of admirers which the wild birds so richly
deserve.
"All nature is so full that that district produces the greatest variety
which is most examined."
--_Gilbert White, 1768._
Preface.
The object of this little book is to furnish those who may be interested
in making the acquaintance of wild birds with a simple letter of
introduction to 145 birds, the majority of which are commonly seen during
the spring migration.
Complete descriptions have been avoided, in the belief that the student
should rely upon his own observation for the discovery of minor details.
_The living bird_ is the one important fact which will make the brief
hints offered of value.
Anyone caring to make use of these hints may be assured that during the
migrations of the birds city dwellers have one of the keenest delights of
country life brought to their very doors, because many birds, migrating
largely at night, are attracted by the lights of the city and stop off in
their long journey to feed, so that a city park often contains a greater
variety of feathered visitors than an equal area in the country.
We wish to remind those of our friends who have asked for pictures in a
future edition that this book actually is _copiously illustrated_ by
hundreds of living birds every springtime in our parks and around our
homes, illustrations that are all life size, absolutely accurate in
detail and colored true to nature.
"As for the birds * * * they add immeasurably to the wholesome beauty of
life."
--_Theodore Roosevelt, in Bird Lore, Vol. II, p. 98._
General Hints.
"A good observer is quick to take a hint and follow it up."--_John
Burroughs._
The identification of birds depends quite as much upon accurate
observation of their size, motions, flight, characteristic attitudes,
manner of feeding, company, song, call-notes and haunts, as upon details
of form and color. Especial care is necessary to insure correct estimates
of size for the reason that living birds often appear smaller to the
unpracticed eye than they actually are. The familiar _English Sparrow_ is
a convenient standard of size because it is usually at hand in our city
parks for instant reference. Remembering that it is _6 inches long_ a
practical though rough division of wild birds may be made as follows:--
1. Birds smaller than the _English Sparrow_.
2. Birds about the size of the _English Sparrow_.
3. Birds decidedly larger than the _English Sparrow_.
If a few general characteristics of the principal bird-families be kept
in mind, and these are quickly and almost unconsciously learned, the
identity of a strange bird may usually be narrowed down to a few
possibilities. For example:
*Woodpeckers climb up and down the trunks of trees bracing with their
tails and tapping the bark vigorously;
*Nuthatches are smaller than woodpeckers and have much the same habit of
climbing up and down tree-trunks but with a freer wig-wagging
motion, often descending head downward;
*Flycatchers sit erect with drooping tails, watching alertly for insect
prey upon which they pounce in mid-air, afterwards returning to
their perch;
*Swallows skim through the air in graceful and long sustained flights;
*Sparrows have stout seed-cracking bills, feed upon the ground, seldom
fly high or far at a time and are for the most part fine
songsters;
*Warblers are tiny, tireless, gaily-colored explorers of the twigs of
trees and bushes;
*Kinglets are smaller than warblers and quite as restless in their
motions, but arrive earlier in the migration;
*Wrens, with tails erect, slip mouse-like about brush heaps, crevices and
bushes, though often perching in sight while singing;
*Thrushes, who with the exception of the _Robin_ and _Bluebird_ are very
plainly dressed, run about on the ground stopping suddenly in a
listening attitude. When singing they fly up to some perch,
although many of the unrivaled singers of this family are
silent during their brief sojourn in city parks;
*Vireos are most at home on the boughs of trees and sing freely as they
glide in and out among the leaves to feed.
Female birds can usually be identified after the adult males have been
seen, although the females and young of many species are obscurely marked
or quite different from the adult males, a fact especially true of the
warblers. Immature birds are not considered in the present scheme of
study since they are a source of confusion to the beginner and occur in
any considerable number only during the fall migration.
The time of arrival, that is, when a bird may be expected during the
migration, is a point worthy of particular attention. Many wild guesses
may be avoided by simply noticing the dates when a bird has been known to
arrive in any given locality from year to year.
As a rule birds are identified by the method of elimination. Suppose, for
example, a small bird of lively motions is seen feeding among the twigs
of a tree late in March. It is, of course, neither a warbler nor a vireo
for these birds, although active and frequenting trees, arrive much later
in the spring. Provided it does not brace its tail and climb up and
around the trunk of the tree it is not likely to be a woodpecker, because
the motions of woodpeckers are too characteristic to be mistaken. In
similar manner, although sparrows and juncos may have arrived, it is
probably neither of these since it does not feed upon the ground, while
its size precludes the possibility of its being any bird larger than the
_English Sparrow_. There are only a few birds therefore, which it might
be and close observation together with the aid of a few leading hints,
will usually settle the question. In any case _watch the bird_ for it is
better to look at the bird than at a printed description of it.
The safest way, however, is to make careful notes about a stranger on the
spot. Memory is never more treacherous than in the case of the
description of a doubtful bird when one appeals to some book of
reference, a museum collection or the judgment of others. It is not
advisable to attempt extensive "field-notes" at first but it is essential
to keep a daily, dated list of all identified birds. A blank chart for
this purpose is inserted in the back part of the book.
Never _chase_ birds. Have patience, stand still a great deal and use your
common sense all the time.
Do not make yourself believe that you see a certain bird because it has
been reported by others. Do your own looking and listening and do it
well.
If you cannot go birding alone take along as few friends as possible
because birds are suspicious of human beings in flocks, especially when
they talk much.
A pair of field or opera-glasses is an invaluable aid, although practice
is necessary in learning to adjust them rapidly and to fix them instantly
upon the bird. Do not feel obliged to use the glasses when you are near
enough to see well without them.
Keep the sun at your back, otherwise colors will deceive you.
Remember that birds do not stay "indoors" on account of rain, clouds or
unfavorable weather. Warm spring rains literally fill the parks with
feathered travelers who often tarry but a day.
Particular Hints.
Note:--The following one hundred and fourteen birds are arranged in the
order of their _average first appearance in Lincoln Park_, based upon
observations made during the last seven years.
For the convenience of those desiring access to reliable sources of
information, the scientific name of each bird is placed in parenthesis
below its common name, followed by its number in the official list of the
American Ornithologist's Union.
Following the hints given about each bird are the names (in *black faced
type) of any bird or birds for which it might easily be mistaken.
1. BLUE JAY. 11-1/2 in.
(Cyanocitta cristata. 477.)
Black collar; _crested_; wings and tail deep blue, white-tipped and
black-barred; bold; harsh, noisy call-note; stays the year around in
Lincoln Park. *Loggerhead Shrike. *Kingfisher. *Bluebird.
2. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 9 in.
(Lanius ludovicianus. 622.)
Slaty-gray; commonly white beneath, _not marked with dark transverse
lines_; wings and tail black, marked with white; _hooked_ bill; bar
through the eye and _over forehead_, black; imitates notes of other
birds. *Blue Jay.
3. ROBIN. 10 in.
(Merula migratoria. 761.)
Dark slate color; black head; yellow bill; throat white streaked with
black; underparts bright chestnut red; sings "cheer-i-ly, cheer-i-ly,
cheer-up;" nests in Lincoln Park. *Towhee.
4. JUNCO. 6-1/4 in.
(Junco hiemalis. 567.)
Slate color; blackish bib (female brownish) over a white belly; _ivory
bill_, _two white tail-feathers_; feeds in flocks on ground, often in
company with other birds; "sucks its teeth" for a call-note; song, a
melodious trill.
5. MEADOWLARK. 10-1/2 in.
(Sturnella magna. 501.)
Streaked; black crescent on a _bright yellow_ breast; _outer
tail-feathers white_; flies straight, _hovering_ as it reaches the
ground; noteworthy song. *Flicker. *Dickcissel.
6. CROW. 19 in.
(Corvus americanus. 488.)
Entirely black, including bill and feet; often seen in flocks; wings
appear frayed and ragged in flight; note, a lusty "caw." *Bronzed
Grackle.
7. BLUEBIRD. 6-1/2 in.
(Sialia sialis. 766.)
Sky-blue; brownish-red below; usually in pairs; sometimes nests in
Lincoln Park; call, "pu-ri-ty, pu-ri-ty;" often heard before seen. *Blue
Jay.
8. SAVANNA SPARROW. 5-1/4 in.
(Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. 542a.)
Much streaked above and below; line over eye and edge of wing, yellowish;
cheek sometimes suffused with yellow tinge; _tail short_, feathers
pointed; movements stealthy; song, a weak trill. *Henslow Sparrow.
9. BRONZED GRACKLE. 13 in.
(Quiscalus quiscula aeneus. 511b.)
Iridescent black; _body_ distinctly bronzy; often carries its tail
rudderwise in flight; pompous walk; rusty, grating call; nests in Lincoln
Park. *Crow.
10. SONG SPARROW. 6-1/2 in.
(Melospiza cinerea melodia. 581.)
Reddish-brown, showing black streaks; _ashy_ line over eye; whitish below
with dark-brown streaks which form a _spot in the middle of the breast_;
noteworthy song. *Swamp Sparrow. *Lincoln Sparrow.
11. COWBIRD. 8 in.
(Molothrus ater. 495.)
Male black with glossy brown head and neck; sparrow-like bill; female
brownish; fly in large flocks, uttering a greasy, squeaking note.
*Bronzed Grackle. *Rusty Blackbird.
12. TREE SPARROW. 6-1/4 in.
(Spizella monticola. 559.)
Streaked; shows much grayish; two _showy white wing-bars_; chestnut-brown
cap; breast whitish, _shading to a dark spot in the middle_; in flocks,
often with _Juncos_; returns north early in the season; noteworthy song.
*Chipping Sparrow. *Field Sparrow.
13. FOX SPARROW. 7-1/2 in.
(Passarella iliaca. 585.)
Fox-red back and tail; ashy about neck and head; white breast _thickly_
streaked with dark spots; scratches like a hen; alert; noteworthy song.
*Brown Thrasher. *Hermit Thrush.
14. PHOEBE. 7 in.
(Sayornis phoebe. 456.)
Dull olive-brown; darker on head and tail; whitish below; _bill_ and feet
black; tail drooping but jerking constantly; note, "phoe'be." *Wood
Pewee. *Least Flycatcher.
15. TOWHEE. 8-3/4 in.
(Pipilo erythrophthalmus. 587.)
Black above and black bib (female rich brown); reddish-brown sides; white
underneath; _outer tail-feathers white_; scratches about under bushes;
brilliant notes, "tow-hee'" and "che-wink'." *Robin.
16. DOWNY WOODPECKER. 6-1/4 in.
(Dryobates pubescens medianus. 394c.)
Bill small; closely resembles the _Hairy Woodpecker_ but is _scarcely
larger_ than the _English Sparrow_ and has the outer tail-feathers
_barred with black_. *Hairy Woodpecker. *Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
17. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. 4 in.
(Regulus satrapa. 748.)
Olivaceous; two whitish wing-bars; _orange-yellow stripe edged with black
on crown_; restless and fearless; often seen feeding in evergreens; note,
rapid "tzee, tzee, tzee." *Ruby-Crowned Kinglet.
18. FLICKER. 12-1/2 in.
(Colaptes auratus luteus. 412a.)
Brown, barred with black; head grayish; back of neck marked with bright
red; black crescent on cinnamon-brown spotted breast; in flight shows
_white rump_ and yellow lining of wings and tail; feeds much on ground,
unlike other woodpeckers; call-note, "flee'-ker." *Meadowlark.
19. BROWN CREEPER. 5-1/2 in.
(Certhia familiaris americana. 726.)
Brown finely streaked with white; silky white below; long curved bill;
_flies to the base of tree-trunks and works up in spirals_ bracing with
its long pointed tail-feathers; calls softly, "screep, screep."
*Nuthatches.
20. CHICKADEE. 5-1/4 in.
(Parus atricapillus. 735.)
Ashy-gray; black throat and _cap_; white cheeks; frowsy; lively; often
swings head downward from the tips of twigs; song, "chick-a-dee-dee";
call-note musical, "pewee," sometimes confused with note of _Phoebe_.
21. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. 5-3/4 in.
(Sitta carolinensis. 727.)
Ashy-blue; cap and back of the neck, black; white below; constantly
exploring the bark of trees but does not brace, woodpecker fashion, with
its tail-feathers; note, nasal "yank, yank, yank." *Red-breasted
Nuthatch. *Brown Creeper.
22. BELTED KINGFISHER. 14 in.
(Ceryle alcyon. 390.)
Blue-gray; white collar; _big, crested head_; sits erect watching for
fish and flies near the surface of the water, uttering a _rattling_ call;
summers in Lincoln Park.
23. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER. 8-1/4 in.
(Sphyrapicus varius. 402.)
Mixed black and white; _yellowish-white underneath_; streaked on sides;
white bar _lengthwise_ the wing; scarlet patch, bordered with black on
crown _and throat_ (female with throat white); harsh, squealing note.
*Downy Woodpecker. *Hairy Woodpecker.
24. RUSTY BLACKBIRD. 9-1/2 in.
(Scolecophagus carolinus. 509.)
Black, uniformly iridescent and more or less rusty; tail almost even;
female smaller and rustier with pale line over eye. *Bronzed Grackle.
*Red-winged Blackbird.
25. FIELD SPARROW. 5-3/4 in.
(Spizella pusilla. 563.)
Streaked; crown and _bill_ reddish-brown; neck ashy; brownish-white
_unspotted_ breast; two indistinct white wing bars; song, "fe-u, fe-u,
fu, fee, fee, fee," beginning slowly and ending almost in a trill.
*Chipping Sparrow. *Tree Sparrow.
26. HERMIT THRUSH. 7-1/4 in.
(Hylocichla guttata pallasii. 759b.)
Olive-brown; _tail reddish-brown_; below dull white tinged with buff and
thickly spotted across the breast; shy, hiding in bushes; famous for its
song but silent during migration. *Other Thrushes.
27. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. 9-1/4 in.
(Agelaius phoeniceus. 498.)
Black; scarlet shoulder-straps edged with yellow; female much streaked,
marked with rusty; likes marshy places; note, "quonk-a-ree'." *Cowbird.
*Rusty Blackbird.
28. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. 4-1/4 in.
(Regulus calendula. 749.)
Dark greenish-olive; light underneath; ring about eye and wing-bars
white; male shows at will a brilliant ruby crown-patch; remarkable song.
*Golden-crowned Kinglet. *Warblers.
29. HAIRY WOODPECKER. 9 in.
(Dryobates villosus. 393.)
White band down the middle of black back; wings black spotted with white;
beneath white; outer tail-feathers white _not barred_; red band on neck
of male; large bill; note, sharp resonant "plick." *Downy Woodpecker.
*Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
30. TREE SWALLOW. 6-1/4 in.
(Iridoprocne bicolor. 614.)
Metallic blue-green; _shining white below_; tail appears nearly square at
end in flight; often seen skimming near the surface of still water. *Barn
Swallow. *Purple Martin.
31. CARDINAL. 8-1/2 in.
(Cardinalis cardinalis. 593.)
Bright red, including large blunt bill; _crested_; black markings on face
and throat; female olive-gray, tinged lightly with red and obscurely
marked; fine songster. *Tanagers.
32. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. 7 in.
(Zonotrichia albicollis. 558.)
_White throat_; unmarked ashy breast; whitish on belly; crown striped
with black and white; broad white stripe over the eye shading to yellow
in front; in flocks about shrubbery; clear, sweet whistle,
"pee-bod-dee-dee-dee." *White-crowned Sparrow.
33. MARSH HAWK. 22 in.
(Circus hudsonius. 331.)
Bluish gray, showing light streaks; gray below, belly white marked with
brown; tail barred; _white rump patch_; female brown, barred and streaked
more heavily; note shrill.
34. CHIPPING SPARROW. 5-3/4 in.
(Spizella socialis. 560.)
Streaked; _plain ashy breast_; two faint white wing-bars; _chestnut-brown
cap_; whitish line over eye; song, a strong clear trill. *Field Sparrow.
*Tree Sparrow.
35. MOURNING DOVE. 12 in.
(Zenaidura macroura. 316.)
Gray-blue, tinged with brownish; tail broadly tipped with white,
_tapering to a narrow point_; sides of neck iridescent; marked with black
on wings and sides of head; rapid whistling flight; note, "coo-oo."
*Pigeon. *Cuckoos.
36. WINTER WREN. 4-1/4 in.
(Olbiorchiles hiemalis. 722.)
Dark tawny-brown, barred on wings and tail; lighter below, barred
posteriorly; pale line over eye; _stub tail, carried erect_; very fine
song. *Other Wrens.
37. VESPER SPARROW. 6-1/4 in.
(Poaecetes gramineus. 540.)
Streaked above and below; underparts whitish, tinged with buff across
breast and on sides; shows _two conspicuous white tail feathers in
flight_; noteworthy song. *Female Purple Finch.
38. MYRTLE WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Dendroica coronata. 655.)
Blue-gray, streaked; crown, _rump_ and spot on each side of breast,
_yellow_; white below, marked on breast and sides with black; usually in
small flocks. *Magnolia Warbler.
39. SWAMP SPARROW. 5-3/4 in.
(Melospiza georgiana. 584.)
Very darkly colored and heavily streaked; chestnut cap, sometimes
indistinctly streaked; _black forehead_; plain ashy breast; shy;
frequents bushes along the water's edge. *Song Sparrow. *Lincoln Sparrow.
40. PURPLE FINCH. 6-1/4 in.
(Carpodacus purpureus. 517.)
Not "purple," but faded crimson-red, somewhat streaky; belly whitish;
_large, heavy bill_; female mottled olive-brown, resembling sparrows;
noteworthy song.
41. CEDAR WAXWING. 7 in.
(Ampelis cedrorum. 619.)
Smooth snuff-brown; _crested_; chin and line from bill to crest, black;
end of tail banded with yellow; in flocks; "monotonous lisping note."
42. WILSON THRUSH. 7-1/4 in.
(Hylocichla fuscescens. 756.)
_Uniform tawny brown_; no ring about the eye; below white, faintly tinged
and lightly spotted; shy, about bushes; sometimes sings in Lincoln Park.
*Other Thrushes.
43. AMERICAN SPARROW HAWK. 10-1/2 in.
(Falco sparverius. 360.)
Reddish-brown, usually barred or spotted with black; head bluish, _marked
on sides with black_; tail white-tipped with one broad black bar; below
white, more or less spotted; narrow pointed wings; female, much more
barred, darker and _streaked_ below. _The smallest hawk._
44. BARN SWALLOW. 7 in.
(Hirundo erythrogastra. 613.)
Blue-back; chestnut shading to white below; _deeply forked tail_. *Tree
Swallow.
45. BROWN THRASHER. 11-1/4 in.
(Toxostoma rufum. 705.)
Bright rusty red; white below, much streaked; long bill and _long,
sweeping tail_; song, loud, bold and varied; about bushes. *Fox Sparrow.
46. HOUSE WREN. 5 in.
(Troglodytes aedon. 721.)
Brown, barred with darker; below grayish, tinged with brown, also barred;
rusty-colored tail, _two inches long_; remarkable song. *Other Wrens.
47. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER. 5 in.
(Polioptila caerulea. 751.)
Blue-gray; white beneath; _long tail_ edged with white; male has a black
line over eye; fidgety, never long in a place; wheezy song.
*Black-throated Blue Warbler. *Cerulean Warbler.
48. WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW. 7 in.
(Zonotrichia leucophrys. 554.)
Ashy-gray; rump, tail and wings, brown, streaked with black; _crown
conspicuously striped_ with black and white; no yellow; two white
wing-bars; in flocks, often with _White-throated Sparrows_; scratches
with both feet; notice the song. *White-throated Sparrow.
49. PALM WARBLER. 5 in.
(Dendroica palmarum. 672.)
Streaky olive-gray; _chestnut cap_; yellow line over eye; beneath
yellowish (brightest on throat and under tail) streaked with brown; feeds
on ground in flocks; constantly _tilts its tail_ up and down.
*Water-Thrushes.
50. HENSLOW SPARROW. 5 in.
(Coterniculus henslowii. 547.)
Back conspicuously marked and streaked, showing much chestnut; head and
neck a peculiar greenish tinge, _finely_ lined with black; below tinged
with buff and finely streaked; dark stripes and spots on sides of head;
_sharp tail_; hides in the grass and can be carefully observed only with
patience.
51. GRINNELL WATER-THRUSH. 5-3/4 in.
(Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis. 675a.)
Very dark olive-brown; below yellowish white, thickly streaked; _pale
stripe_ over the eye; skulks along the very edge of the water; _tilts its
tail_; brilliant song. *Louisiana Water-Thrush. *Ovenbird. *Palm Warbler.
52. CATBIRD. 8-3/4 in.
(Galeoscoptes carolinensis. 704.)
Slate-gray; bill, crown and tail, black; chestnut patch under tail; about
shrubbery; willing to be looked at; calls like a cat; song, greatly
varied.
53. PINE WARBLER. 5-3/4 in.
(Dendroica vigorsii. 671.)
Olive-green; yellow breast; sides of head suffused with
yellowish--sometimes forming a _yellow line over eye_; two dull white
wing-bars; song, a loud, penetrating trill. *Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
*Female Western Yellow-throat. *Female Wilson Black-cap.
54. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. 4-3/4 in.
(Sitta canadensis. 728.)
Bluish-gray; crown and _stripe through eye, black_, with a white line
over the eye; _below rusty-red_, throat white; climbs up and down and
around trees; note, "cark, cark, cark." *White-breasted Nuthatch.
55. BLACK AND WHITE CREEPER. 5-1/4 in.
(Mniotilta varia. 636.)
Black and white, _striped_; white belly; female shows more white below;
creeps up and down trees like the _Nuthatches_; song rapid and rasping,
"he'-ho, he'-ho, he'-ho." *Black-poll Warbler.
56. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. 5-1/4 in.
(Dendroica virens. 667.)
Olive-green; _bright yellow cheeks_; _throat and upper part of breast,
black_; white wing-bars; song, repeated often and rapidly, "chee, chee,
chee, chee, char, chee." *Cape May Warbler. *Hooded Warbler.
57. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. 9-1/2 in.
(Melanerpes erythrocephalus. 406)
Black and white, not streaked; _entire head, neck and upper part of
breast, crimson_; pure white belly; note, a loud "kr-r-r-r r."
*Red-bellied Woodpecker.
58. MOCKINGBIRD. 10 in.
(Mimus polyglottus. 703.)
Ashy-gray, wings and tail darker; whitish below; wing shows white patch;
outer tail-feathers white; famous for its song. *Loggerhead Shrike.
*Cuckoos. *Catbird.
59. CHIMNEY SWIFT. 5-1/4 in.
(Chaetura pelagica. 423.)
Dark sooty-gray; _bob-tail_; long, pointed wings, which often vibrate
rapidly in flight; twittering note; never seen perching like other birds.
*Swallows.
60. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH. 7-1/4 in.
(Hylocichla ustulata. 758a.)
_Uniform dark olive_; below white, darker on sides; cheeks, throat,
breast and ring about eye, buff; spotted on breast; noteworthy song.
*Gray-cheeked Thrush. *Hermit Thrush. *Wilson Thrush.
61. GREAT-CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 9 in.
(Myiarchus crinitus. 452.)
Olive, showing rusty brown on wings and tail; _crested head_; throat and
breast, ashy-gray; wing-bars; belly sulphur-yellow; usually perches high;
note, "loud whistle." *Blue Jay.
62. LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH. 6-1/4 in.
(Seiurus motacilla. 676.)
Olive; white below, buff-tinged posteriorly and streaked, but not
thickly, with dusky; _throat and middle of belly, unmarked_; _white_ line
over eye; loud, ringing song. *Grinnell Water-Thrush. *Ovenbird. *Palm
Warbler.
63. LEAST FLYCATCHER. 5-1/4 in.
(Empidonax minimus. 467.)
Olive-gray; wings, tail and head, darker; two narrow wing-bars; decidedly
grayish below, whiter on throat; _jerks its tail_ and utters a sharp,
energetic call, "che-bec'." *Wood Pewee. *Phoebe.
64. WOOD THRUSH. 7-3/4 in.
(Hylocichla mustelina. 755.)
_Bright brown on head_ shading to olive-brown on rump and tail; white
beneath, with conspicuous _round_ spots except on throat and middle of
belly; remarkable song. *Other Thrushes. *Fox Sparrow.
65. WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT. 5-1/4 in.
(Geothlypis trichas occidentalis. 681a.)
Olive-green, showing brownish tinge; _broad, black stripe across forehead
and through eye_; bordered broadly with white; yellow beneath; _female_
duller and without black stripe and easily confused with female
_Mourning_, _Connecticut_ and _Pine Warblers_; in low bushes; song,
"witch-i-ty, witch-i-ty, witch-i-ty."
66. MAGNOLIA WARBLER. 5 in.
(Dendroica maculosa. 657.)
Back and tail, black; crown blue-gray; yellow rump; _yellow_ below,
streaked with black on breast and sides; white patch on wings; broad
white band across tail, seen from below. *Myrtle Warbler. *Cape May
Warbler.
67. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. 5-1/4 in.
(Astragalinus tristis. 529.)
Canary-yellow, with black crown, tail and wings; white wing-bars; female
olive-tinged, without pure black or yellow; in flocks; canary-like song;
also sings in its undulating flight, "per-_chic_-o-ree,
per-_chic_-o-ree." *Yellow Warbler.
68. YELLOW WARBLER. 5 in.
(Dendroica aestiva. 652.)
_Yellow all over_ shading to olive on back; orange-brown streaks on
breast; female not so yellow and less streaked; song, penetrating and
unceasing; nests in Lincoln Park. *American Goldfinch.
69. KINGBIRD. 8-1/2 in.
(Tyrannus tyrannus. 644.)
Dusky black; below white; _tail tipped with broad band of white_;
fire-red patch on crown, usually concealed; spreads its tail like a fan
when about to alight.
70. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. 7-1/2 in.
(Icterus galbula. 507.)
_Bright orange_, with black head, throat, back and wings; two white
wing-bars; female smaller, brownish-yellow and showing little black; loud
call, "co-weet', co-weet', co-weet';" song noteworthy. *Orchard Oriole.
*Scarlet Tanager.
71. SUMMER TANAGER. 7-1/2 in.
(Piranga rubra. 610.)
_Vermillion all over_; _no black_; female yellowish-olive and usually
near the male; very rare. *Cardinal.
72. YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER. 5-1/2 in.
(Empidonax flaviventris. 463.)
Bright olive-green, with dark-brown tail and wings; yellowish wing-bars;
sulphur-yellow below, _brightest between legs_ and tinged elsewhere with
pale olive; yellow eye-ring; call, a soft, slow whistle, "pe'-a."
*Yellow-throated Vireo. *Least Flycatcher. *Pine Warbler.
73. BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. 5-1/4 in.
(Dendroica blackburniae. 662.)
Black streaked with white; middle of crown, throat and sides of head,
_flaming orange_; black patch behind eye; white wing-bars; female duller;
usually high up among the leaves. *Prothonotary Warbler.
74. OVENBIRD. 6-1/4 in.
(Seiurus aurocapillus. 674.)
Olive-green showing yellow tinge; below pure white, thickly spotted;
_orange-brown cap_ bordered with black stripes; scratches like a hen;
tilts tail up and down; under shrubbery; note, "teacher" repeated rapidly
with increasing emphasis. *Water-Thrushes.
75. RED-EYED VIREO. 6 in.
(Vireo olivaceus. 624.)
Olive-green; crown, slaty; white below, lightly tinged on sides; _dark
line above a white one over eye_; clear, persistent song; nests in
Lincoln Park. *Warbling Vireo.
76. AMERICAN REDSTART. 5-1/4 in.
(Setophaga ruticilla. 687.)
Male black, with _six flame-colored spots_; female olive, with _six
yellow spots_; spreads its tail like a fan; song, "chee, chee, chee,
chew."
77. CAPE MAY WARBLER. 5-1/4 in.
(Dendroica tigrina. 650.)
Yellowish-olive spotted with black on back; crown very dark; cheeks
yellow with an _orange-brown ear patch_; yellow below, black streaks on
breast; wing-bars; song all on one note. *Black-throated Green Warbler.
*Magnolia Warbler.
78. SCARLET TANAGER. 7-1/4 in.
(Piranga erythromelas. 608.)
_Scarlet, with black wings and tail_; female olive-green, usually near
by; rather sluggish; note, "chip, chree;" song noteworthy. *Cardinal.
*Summer Tanager.
79. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. 5-1/2 in.
(Vireo flavifrons. 628.)
Bright olive-green, shading to ashy-blue on rump; _yellow throat_ and
breast, sharply defined against white belly; line around eye and to the
bill, yellow; two white wing-bars; fine song. *Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
*Blue-headed Vireo.
80. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 8-1/4 in.
(Zamelodia ludoviciana. 595.)
Black, including throat, with white rump and wing-patches; breast white
with a brilliant rose-red blotch; lining of wings also rose-red; _large
beak_; female yellowish-brown, darkly mottled, no red; sluggish;
remarkable song.
81. PURPLE MARTIN. 7-1/2 in.
(Progne subis. 611.)
Blue-black all over; female lighter and streaked with grayish-white
below; often nests in bird houses; twittering song. *Tree Swallow.
*Chimney Swift.
82. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. 7-1/4 in.
(Icteria virens. 683.)
Olive-green; bright yellow below, belly _white_; region about eye black,
marked with a white line above eye; white spot and shorter line below
eye; the largest warbler; remarkable song. *Dickcissel. *Western
Yellow-Throat. *Yellow-Throated Vireo.
83. BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER. 5-1/4 in.
(Dendroica caerulescens. 654.)
Slaty-blue; below white, with black throat and sides; _conspicuous white
patch on wing_; female grayish, no black, but may be recognized by _wing
patch_; _hoarse_ note, "kree, kree." *Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
84. NASHVILLE WARBLER. 4-3/4 in.
(Helminthophila rubricapilla. 645.)
Olive-green; head and neck bluish gray; indistinct brown patch on crown;
_bright yellow below_; no wing bars; _white eye ring_; song, not loud,
"wee'-see, wee'-see, wit'-a-wit'-a-wit'." *Tennessee Warbler.
85. WARBLING VIREO. 5-1/4 in.
(Vireo gilvus. 627.)
Mouse gray, with olive rump; white below, tinged with greenish yellow;
creamy-white around the eye; song, rippling warble. *Red-eyed Vireo.
*Least Flycatcher.
86. BLUE-HEADED VIREO. 5-1/2 in.
(Vireo solitarius. 629.)
Olive-green; _ashy-blue head_; pure white below, sides yellowish; line
around the eye and to the bill, white; two white wing-bars; song,
noteworthy. *Yellow-throated Vireo.
87. ORCHARD ORIOLE. 7 in.
(Icterus spurius. 506.)
Male, rich _chestnut-brown_ with black head, wings and tail, narrow white
wing-bar; female olivaceous above and greenish-yellow below with two
white wing-bars; young male like female but with black throat; high
trees; loud, clear song. *Baltimore Oriole.
88. LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN. 5-1/4 in.
(Telmatodytes palustris. 725.)
Brown, almost black on head, tail and between shoulders, the latter
streaked with white; barred only on wings and tail; _line over eye_ and
middle of breast white; _long bill_; spluttering song. *Other Wrens.
89. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Dendroica castanea. 660.)
Ashy-brown, black-streaked; black cheeks and forehead; throat, upper part
of breast, sides and crown, _rich chestnut brown_; white wing-bars.
*Chestnut-sided Warbler.
90. PARULA WARBLER. 4-1/2 in.
(Compsothlypis americana. 648.)
Grayish-blue, _yellowish across the back_; throat and breast yellow,
latter crossed by brownish band; wing-bars; peculiar song. *Blue
Golden-winged Warbler.
91. WOOD PEWEE. 6-1/4 in.
(Contopus virens. 461.)
Dark olive-brown; brownish black on wings and tail; frowsy head; below
white, showing olive tinge on sides; two narrow white wing-bars;
plaintive note repeated slowly and often, "pee'to-way', pee'-to-way',
hee'-rue." *Phoebe. *Least Flycatcher.
92. BOBOLINK. 7-1/2 in.
(Dolichonyx orizivorus. 494.)
Male black with light back, creamy buff on neck; female, sparrow colored,
streaked above; long merry musical song; open fields; in Lincoln Park
usually seen in flocks flying overhead, singing on the wing.
93. BLUE GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER. 5 in.
(Helminthophila chrysoptera. 642.)
Blue-gray; crown and _patch on wing_, golden yellow; _throat_, and stripe
through eye, _black_; white below; song, drawling "zee, zee, zee, zee."
*Parula Warbler.
94. INDIGO BUNTING. 5-3/4. in.
(Cyanospiza cyanea. 598.)
_Indigo blue_; wings and tail blackish; female brown; in flocks; often
feeds in the grass; noteworthy song. *Bluebird.
95. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. 5-1/4 in.
(Prothonotaria citrea. 637.)
Entire head, neck and breast, _bright orange yellow_; blue-gray wings,
rump and tail; female duller; prefers shrubbery near water. *Blackburnian
Warbler. *Yellow Warbler.
96. TENNESSEE WARBLER. 4-1/2 in.
(Helminthophila peregrina. 647.)
Olive-green, brightest on rump; head and neck, blue gray; _dull white
below_; faint white line over eye; no wing-bars; song, shrill and feeble.
*Nashville Warbler.
97. MOURNING WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Geothlypis philadelphia. 679.)
Bright olive-green; head, neck, throat and upper part of breast, _bluish
ash_; yellow belly; black band on breast; about bushes and in the grass;
noteworthy song. *Connecticut Warbler.
98. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. 5 in.
(Dendroica pennsylvanica. 659.)
Back shows black streaks mixed with olive-green; yellow cap; white below
with dainty _chestnut markings on sides of breast_; song, "chee, chee,
chee, chee'ar." *Bay-breasted Warbler.
99. WHIP-POOR-WILL. 9-3/4 in.
(Antrostomus vociferus. 417.)
Mottled, strongly resembling the bark of certain trees; narrow white band
across upper part of breast; big head; in daytime lies _motionless_,
_lengthwise a branch_. *Nighthawk.
100. CERULEAN WARBLER. 4-1/2 in.
(Dendroica caerulea. 658.)
_Azure-blue_, marked with black on back and sides of head; white below,
streaked with blue; two white wing-bars; frequents tree-tops; song
resembles that of _Parula_. *Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
101. HOODED WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Wilsonia mitrata. 684.)
Olive-green; yellow below; head, neck and upper breast, black; _yellow
"mask" across forehead and cheeks_; white spots on tail; female less
black. *Western Yellow-throat. *Wilson Black-cap Warbler. *Canadian
Warbler.
102. BLACK-POLL WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Dendroica striata. 661.)
Streaked black and white; _black crown_; white cheeks; below white with
line of black spots down sides; tree-tops; song, a staccato musical
"chink" repeated rapidly. *Black and White Creeper.
103. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. 12-1/4 in.
(Coccyzus americanus. 387.)
Bronzy olive-gray; white below; _lower half of curved bill yellow_ tipped
with black; outer tail-feathers black tipped _broadly_ with white; wings
show a _reddish-brown tinge in flight_; glides stealthily from tree to
tree and keeps concealed among the leaves; slowly droops and raises its
tail when perching; song, loud "kuk-kuk, kuk-kuk." *Black-billed Cuckoo.
*Mourning Dove.
104. CANADIAN WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Wilsonia canadensis. 686.)
Bluish-lead color; yellow below with a necklace of black spots; no
wing-bars; noteworthy song. *Magnolia Warbler.
105. WILSON BLACK-CAP WARBLER. 4-3/4 in.
(Wilsonia pusilla. 685.)
Bright olive-green; yellow below; _black cap_; in low bushes. *Pine
Warbler. *Female Western Yellow-throat.
106. LINCOLN SPARROW. 5-3/4 in.
(Melospiza lincolni. 583.)
_Finely_ streaked with black and brown; white beneath, with *broad buff
band across the breast and down the sides; narrow streaks on throat,
upper breast and sides; dark stripe on each side of throat from corner of
mouth; very shy. *Song *and *Swamp Sparrows.
107. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD. 3-1/4 in.
(Trochilus colubris. 428.)
Iridescent green and purple; male has ruby-red throat; frequents
flowering shrubs and plants; darts here and there and poises in mid air
with wings vibrating so rapidly that they make a humming noise; "squeaky
note."
108. NIGHTHAWK. 9-1/2 in.
(Chordeiles virginianus. 420.)
On the wing overhead after insects just before or at dusk; long, pointed
wings _showing a white patch_; flight resembles that of _Chimney Swift_;
sharp note, "skeep;" often nests on the flat roofs of city buildings.
*Whip-poor-will.
109. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. 12 in.
(Coccyzus erythropthalmus. 388.)
Bronzy olive-gray; white below; bill _entirely_ black; _only a little
white_ on tail; movements like those of _Yellow-billed Cuckoo_; song,
soft "coo-coo, coo-coo." *Yellow-billed Cuckoo. *Mourning Dove.
110. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH. 7-1/2 in.
(Hylocichla aliciae. 757.)
Uniform olive; below white, _very palely_ suffused with buff; cheeks
_gray tinged_; breast and sides of throat, spotted; usually silent in
Lincoln Park. *Olive-backed and *other Thrushes.
111. YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD. 10-1/4 in.
(Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. 497.)
Black; head, throat and breast, _yellow_; white wing patch; female dark
brown, yellow markings duller, no wing patch; female smaller than male.
112. DICKCISSEL. 6 in.
(Spiza americana. 604.)
Streaked; ashy on head and neck; white chin; _black throat patch_;
_yellow breast_; white belly; _line over eye, yellow_; wings show
chestnut brown; female has less yellow and no throat patch.
*Yellow-breasted Chat. *Meadowlark.
113. CONNECTICUT WARBLER. 5-1/2 in.
(Geothlypis agilis. 678.)
Olive-green; head ashy with throat darker; _white ring_ around eye; belly
yellow; wings long and pointed; low bushes and swampy places; penetrating
call-note. *Mourning Warbler.
114. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. 9-1/2 in.
(Centurus carolinus. 409.)
Black and white, back, wings and tail _barred transversely_ and very
evenly; below grayish-white, _tinged with red_; top of head and back of
neck crimson; female, crown gray; rare. *Red-headed Woodpecker. *Hairy
Woodpecker.
Table of Occurrence.
In this table the birds are arranged according to the order of their
comparative frequency or rarity, based upon personal observations in
_Lincoln Park_. The abundance of the birds--that is, the number of
individual birds of different species--is in no wise shown, but simply
the relative representation of each species. For instance, out of a total
of 454 mornings, covering observations during six years, the _Robin_ was
seen on 383 different mornings.
The record for 1902, during the absence of the authors, is that of Mr. H.
V. Bozell.
NUMBER OF MORNINGS SEEN IN LINCOLN PARK.
1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 Total
1 Robin 62 52 57 69 61 82 383
2 Bronzed Grackle 57 58 57 60 57 72 361
3 Blue Jay 49 58 61 65 40 51 324
4 Cowbird 41 34 44 44 39 54 256
5 Junco 33 35 32 32 51 42 225
6 Towhee 35 18 24 44 45 48 214
7 Song Sparrow 27 33 19 38 37 36 190
8 Flicker 29 18 21 33 37 46 184
9 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 31 28 23 30 22 39 173
10 White-throated Sparrow 30 23 23 31 26 35 168
11 Bluebird 26 1 7 31 35 50 150
12 Wilson Thrush 34 35 23 21 11 20 144
13 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 23 12 15 30 27 34 141
14 Yellow Warbler 27 30 24 18 13 27 139
15 Belted Kingfisher 25 21 24 27 21 19 137
16 Red-headed Woodpecker 23 23 16 26 16 26 130
17 Myrtle Warbler 19 25 11 21 22 31 129
18 Brown Thrasher 27 8 20 21 16 29 121
19 Brown Creeper 18 15 19 14 28 27 121
20 Catbird 22 27 16 17 10 17 109
21 Golden-crowned Kinglet 18 14 13 26 15 23 109
22 Chipping Sparrow 25 11 11 12 17 32 108
23 American Goldfinch 21 19 12 20 5 18 95
24 Tree Swallow 13 11 16 19 13 22 94
25 American Redstart 18 16 19 8 10 20 91
26 Barn Swallow 15 14 10 19 14 19 91
27 Fox Sparrow 11 9 14 9 27 21 91
28 Chimney Swift 16 11 14 15 11 22 89
29 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 18 16 11 10 16 17 88
30 White-crowned Sparrow 9 5 18 22 16 17 87
31 Palm Warbler 8 21 7 11 19 20 86
32 Hermit Thrush 13 9 10 18 9 27 86
33 Black and White Creeper 15 15 11 13 12 18 84
34 Least Flycatcher 18 18 8 14 7 18 83
35 Magnolia Warbler 13 13 13 5 16 20 80
36 Black-throated Blue Warbler 12 14 9 13 12 16 76
37 Olive-backed Thrush 8 4 14 16 11 23 76
38 Phoebe 15 4 5 16 15 19 74
39 Baltimore Oriole 18 6 10 15 11 13 73
40 Grinnell Water-Thrush 17 6 9 14 8 17 71
41 Field Sparrow .. 2 12 17 23 17 71
42 Swamp Sparrow 4 4 14 12 17 17 68
43 Crow 4 11 7 11 16 18 67
44 Chestnut-sided Warbler 11 6 11 13 9 16 66
45 Ovenbird 9 11 11 12 11 11 65
46 White-breasted Nuthatch 12 6 17 21 6 2 64
47 Western Yellow-throat 18 17 10 8 3 15 61
48 Wood Pewee 12 14 9 6 7 13 61
49 Downy Woodpecker 14 7 4 8 17 10 60
50 House Wren 1 .. 10 11 13 24 59
51 Red-eyed Vireo 13 10 5 6 6 16 56
52 Loggerhead Shrike 5 1 16 13 7 13 55
53 Indigo Bunting 12 17 2 6 5 11 53
54 Black-throated Green Warbler 4 9 4 9 6 12 44
55 Blackburnian Warbler 11 4 9 7 5 6 42
56 Black-poll Warbler 6 7 8 3 3 15 42
57 Kingbird 8 1 5 3 6 17 40
58 Scarlet Tanager 7 3 7 4 3 10 34
59 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 7 9 4 3 1 10 34
60 Mourning Dove 5 3 6 10 2 8 34
61 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 5 2 6 8 6 6 33
62 Tree Sparrow .. .. 10 3 12 8 33
63 Winter Wren 3 5 11 .. 3 10 32
64 Meadowlark 3 .. 7 13 5 4 32
65 Purple Martin 1 .. .. 6 4 20 31
66 Cape May Warbler 3 2 9 2 6 7 29
67 Warbling Vireo 7 1 4 3 4 10 29
68 Mourning Warbler 5 8 2 4 4 5 28
69 Wilson Black-cap Warbler 9 1 3 2 5 8 28
70 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 8 7 1 3 1 7 27
71 Great-crested Flycatcher 5 2 .. 1 10 9 27
72 Bobolink 2 .. 9 10 1 4 26
73 Canadian Warbler 8 3 6 4 1 4 26
74 Red-winged Blackbird 4 .. 2 8 3 7 24
75 Wood Thrush 8 3 .. 5 3 3 22
76 Orchard Oriole 4 3 5 1 1 6 20
77 Red-breasted Nuthatch .. .. 10 .. 3 7 20
78 Marsh Hawk .. 2 1 8 5 4 20
79 Hairy Woodpecker 3 1 4 .. 4 7 19
80 Bay-breasted Warbler 1 1 2 1 4 10 19
81 Parula Warbler 6 .. .. 2 9 2 19
82 Chickadee 3 .. 7 8 .. .. 18
83 Pine Warbler .. .. 3 1 5 9 18
84 Henslow Sparrow 3 2 1 2 3 6 17
85 Nashville Warbler 1 1 4 1 .. 9 16
86 Yellow-throated Vireo 2 .. 2 2 3 7 16
87 Cedar Waxwing 6 5 .. 1 2 1 15
88 Purple Finch 4 .. 4 .. 1 5 14
89 Vesper Sparrow .. .. 6 .. 4 3 13
90 Blue-headed Vireo .. .. 2 1 6 4 13
91 Gray-cheeked Thrush .. .. .. .. 3 10 13
92 American Sparrow Hawk 1 1 .. 4 2 4 12
93 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher .. .. 5 .. 2 4 11
94 Nighthawk .. 2 1 1 .. 7 11
95 Lincoln Sparrow .. .. 1 .. 1 8 10
96 Black-billed Cuckoo .. 1 2 2 2 2 9
97 Rusty Blackbird .. 2 .. 3 .. 2 7
98 Yellow-breasted Chat .. .. .. .. 1 6 7
99 Long-billed Marsh Wren 1 2 .. .. .. 3 6
100 Louisiana Water-Thrush .. .. 1 .. 3 2 6
101 Prothonotary Warbler .. 1 .. .. 3 1 5
102 Savanna Sparrow .. .. .. .. .. 5 5
103 Blue Golden-winged Warbler 1 .. 1 1 1 .. 4
104 Whip-poor-will 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 4
105 Connecticut Warbler .. .. .. .. .. 3 3
106 Dickcissel .. .. .. 1 2 .. 3
107 Tennessee Warbler 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2
108 Mockingbird .. .. .. 2 .. .. 2
109 Cerulean Warbler .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 2
110 Summer Tanager .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1
111 Cardinal .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1
112 Red-bellied Woodpecker 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1
113 Hooded Warbler .. .. .. .. .. 1 1
114 Yellow-headed Blackbird .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1
Total number of days 66 77 74 78 72 87 454
Av'ge number of kinds seen daily 18.83 12.75 14.59 16.23 16.45 19.53 16.34
Table of Arrival.
Note.--The following table gives the dates of the first arrival of each
bird mentioned in the preceding list of one hundred and fourteen for the
seven years from 1897 to 1903 inclusive, _as observed in Lincoln Park_.
The birds are arranged in their respective families, and space is left
for recording their first appearance in any succeeding year.
The record for 1902, in the absence of the authors, was kept by Mr.
Harold V. Bozell.
Attention is called to the fact that many birds which are common summer
residents in the neighboring country are rare migrants in the Park. Among
these may be mentioned the _Red-winged Blackbird_, _Bobolink_ _and_
_Warbling Vireo_. Some fine singers also, for example, the _Vesper
Sparrow_, _Yellow-throated Vireo_ and _Hermit Thrush_, are usually silent
in the Park.
|1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 _____|
Family COLUMBIDAE | |
35 Mourning Dove | .. 5/9 3/25 4/6 4/10 4/26 4/1 _____|
Family FALCONIDAE | |
33 Marsh Hawk | .. .. 4/25 4/19 3/25 4/21 4/1 _____|
43 Sparrow Hawk | .. 5/18 4/25 4/18 3/24 3/21 4/30 _____|
Family CUCULIDAE | |
103 Yellow-billed Cuckoo | .. 5/19 5/1 5/16 5/17 5/17 5/12 _____|
109 Black-billed Cuckoo | .. .. 5/27 5/12 5/15 5/16 5/12 _____|
Family ALCEDINIDAE | |
22 Belted Kingfisher |3/28 3/25 3/22 4/10 3/26 4/11 4/10 _____|
Family PICIDAE | |
29 Hairy Woodpecker | .. 4/11 5/24 4/19 .. 3/25 3/6 _____|
16 Downy Woodpecker | 4/7 4/8 3/27 4/25 4/5 3/10 3/6 _____|
23 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker |4/25 3/30 4/8 4/6 3/19 3/27 4/1 _____|
114 Red-bellied Woodpecker | .. 5/22 .. .. .. .. .. _____|
57 Red-headed Woodpecker |4/26 4/29 4/28 5/6 4/27 4/27 4/28 _____|
18 Flicker |4/15 3/25 4/11 4/7 3/23 3/24 3/18 _____|
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE | |
99 Whip-poor-will | .. 5/21 4/30 .. 5/9 .. 5/17 _____|
108 Nighthawk | .. .. 5/10 5/13 5/18 5/18 5/18 _____|
Family MICROPODIDAE | |
59 Chimney Swift | 5/1 4/30 5/11 4/30 4/17 4/22 5/5 _____|
Family TROCHILIDAE | |
107 Ruby-throated Hummingbird | .. 5/19 5/9 5/13 5/16 5/17 5/13 _____|
Family TYRANNIDAE | |
69 Kingbird |4/29 4/30 5/10 5/6 5/10 4/21 5/5 _____|
61 Great-crested Flycatcher | .. 5/3 4/30 .. 5/11 4/21 4/29 _____|
14 Phoebe | 4/7 3/20 4/17 4/1 3/18 3/15 3/17 _____|
91 Wood Pewee |4/27 5/19 5/10 5/11 5/16 4/28 5/12 _____|
72 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher | .. .. .. 4/29 .. 5/1 5/12 _____|
63 Least Flycatcher |5/12 4/30 4/20 4/30 5/6 4/21 5/9 _____|
Family CORVIDAE | |
1 Blue Jay | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. _____|
6 Crow | .. 3/9 3/26 3/12 3/3 3/6 3/8 _____|
Family ICTERIDAE | |
92 Bobolink | .. 5/14 .. 5/8 5/4 5/12 5/8 _____|
11 Cowbird | 4/4 3/16 4/10 4/1 3/19 3/1 3/14 _____|
111 Yellow-headed Blackbird | .. .. .. .. 5/17 .. .. _____|
27 Red-winged Blackbird | .. 5/7 .. 4/18 3/22 3/26 3/17 _____|
5 Meadowlark | .. 3/14 .. 3/27 3/19 3/10 3/13 _____|
87 Orchard Oriole | .. 5/15 5/6 5/11 5/10 5/2 5/5 _____|
70 Baltimore Oriole | .. 4/30 5/2 5/6 5/4 5/2 5/5 _____|
24 Rusty Blackbird | .. .. .. 4/19 4/5 .. 3/17 _____|
9 Bronzed Grackle |3/29 3/14 3/20 3/24 3/23 3/10 3/14 _____|
Family FRINGILLIDAE | |
40 Purple Finch | .. 4/24 .. 4/15 .. 4/11 4/15 _____|
67 American Goldfinch |4/25 5/6 4/28 5/7 4/30 5/2 5/7 _____|
37 Vesper Sparrow | .. .. .. 4/22 .. 4/18 4/1 _____|
8 Savanna Sparrow | .. .. .. .. .. .. 3/19 _____|
50 Henslow Sparrow | .. 4/29 4/26 4/21 4/30 4/24 4/15 _____|
48 White-crowned Sparrow | 5/5 5/9 4/29 5/2 4/20 3/11 4/29 _____|
32 White-throated Sparrow |4/26 4/13 4/19 4/21 4/17 3/24 3/21 _____|
12 Tree Sparrow | .. .. .. 4/6 4/5 3/7 3/13 _____|
34 Chipping Sparrow |4/15 4/13 4/18 4/8 4/8 4/13 4/12 _____|
25 Field Sparrow | .. .. 4/23 4/17 4/5 3/11 3/19 _____|
4 Junco |3/28 3/9 3/14 3/23 3/18 3/8 3/13 _____|
10 Song Sparrow | 4/8 3/15 3/19 3/27 3/18 3/8 3/12 _____|
106 Lincoln Sparrow | .. .. .. 5/10 5/23 5/12 5/10 _____|
39 Swamp Sparrow | .. 5/7 4/20 4/21 4/18 3/11 4/12 _____|
13 Fox Sparrow | 4/8 3/30 3/14 4/5 3/18 3/10 3/17 _____|
15 Towhee | 4/7 3/17 4/11 4/7 3/25 3/10 3/18 _____|
31 Cardinal |3/28 .. .. 4/25 .. .. .. _____|
80 Rose-breasted Grosbeak | .. .. 5/10 5/11 5/4 4/28 5/9 _____|
94 Indigo Bunting | .. 5/14 5/10 5/21 5/10 5/2 5/6 _____|
112 Dickcissel | .. .. .. .. 5/16 5/18 .. _____|
Family TANAGRIDAE | |
78 Scarlet Tanager | .. 5/14 5/4 5/2 5/5 5/3 5/5 _____|
71 Summer Tanager | .. .. 5/4 .. .. .. .. _____|
Family HIRUNDINIDAE | |
81 Purple Martin | .. 5/25 5/30 .. 4/27 4/23 4/17 _____|
44 Barn Swallow |4/18 5/1 4/23 4/26 4/10 4/18 4/24 _____|
30 Tree Swallow | .. 5/11 4/12 4/18 4/12 3/11 4/1 _____|
Family AMPELIDAE | |
41 Cedar Waxwing | .. 4/11 3/27 .. 5/16 4/24 4/5 _____|
Family LANIIDAE | |
2 Loggerhead Shrike | .. 3/14 4/11 3/9 3/3 3/9 3/1 _____|
Family VIREONIDAE | |
75 Red-eyed Vireo | .. 5/10 4/29 5/12 5/4 5/2 5/4 _____|
85 Warbling Vireo |4/27 5/15 5/12 5/6 5/11 5/7 5/5 _____|
79 Yellow-throated Vireo | .. 5/1 .. 5/12 5/5 4/28 5/12 _____|
86 Blue-headed Vireo | .. .. .. 5/17 5/5 5/2 5/8 _____|
Family MNIOTILTIDAE | |
55 Black and White Creeper |4/28 4/30 4/21 4/26 5/4 4/28 4/27 _____|
95 Prothonotary Warbler | .. .. 5/16 .. .. 4/27 5/19 _____|
93 Blue Golden-winged Warbler | .. 5/14 .. 5/12 5/12 5/2 .. _____|
84 Nashville Warbler | .. 5/10 5/4 5/9 5/19 5/2 5/1 _____|
96 Tennessee Warbler | .. 5/11 .. .. .. .. .. _____|
90 Parula Warbler | .. 5/11 .. .. 5/12 5/3 5/9 _____|
77 Cape May Warbler | .. 5/13 5/1 5/2 5/5 5/2 5/9 _____|
68 Yellow Warbler |5/11 4/30 4/29 4/30 5/6 5/2 4/29 _____|
83 Black-throated Blue Warbler |5/11 5/11 5/4 5/8 5/5 5/2 5/5 _____|
38 Myrtle Warbler |4/14 4/16 4/14 4/19 4/14 4/17 4/8 _____|
66 Magnolia Warbler |4/26 5/11 4/27 5/8 5/6 4/21 5/5 _____|
100 Cerulean Warbler | .. .. .. 5/12 .. .. .. _____|
98 Chestnut-sided Warbler |5/21 5/10 5/30 5/3 5/7 5/2 5/9 _____|
89 Bay-breasted Warbler | .. 5/20 5/4 5/11 5/15 4/22 5/9 _____|
102 Black-poll Warbler | .. 5/19 5/10 5/13 5/16 5/12 5/6 _____|
73 Blackburnian Warbler |5/12 5/10 5/3 4/28 5/10 4/28 4/30 _____|
56 Black-throated Green Warbler |4/18 5/17 4/23 4/27 4/26 4/28 5/2 _____|
53 Pine Warbler | .. .. .. 4/26 4/30 4/21 4/22 _____|
49 Palm Warbler | .. 4/29 4/20 4/27 4/26 4/21 4/22 _____|
74 Ovenbird |5/11 5/1 5/3 5/5 5/5 5/1 5/6 _____|
51 Grinnell Water-Thrush | .. 4/30 4/28 4/23 4/17 4/21 4/29 _____|
62 Louisiana Water-Thrush | .. .. .. .. .. 4/27 5/5 _____|
113 Connecticut Warbler | .. .. .. .. .. .. 5/20 _____|
97 Mourning Warbler | .. 5/20 5/13 5/6 5/16 5/2 5/11 _____|
65 Western Yellow-throat |4/26 5/1 4/28 5/5 5/5 5/2 5/1 _____|
82 Yellow-breasted Chat | .. .. .. .. .. 5/2 5/11 _____|
101 Hooded Warbler | .. .. .. .. .. .. 5/12 _____|
105 Wilson Black-cap Warbler |5/21 5/6 5/22 5/10 5/16 5/3 5/17 _____|
104 Canadian Warbler | .. 5/19 5/16 5/12 5/16 5/6 5/12 _____|
76 American Redstart |5/11 5/1 4/28 5/11 5/6 5/2 5/5 _____|
Family TROGLODYTIDAE | |
58 Mockingbird | .. .. .. .. 4/29 .. .. _____|
52 Catbird |4/26 5/1 4/28 4/30 4/28 3/26 5/5 _____|
45 Brown Thrasher |4/26 4/24 4/27 4/16 4/24 4/22 4/12 _____|
46 House Wren |4/14 5/4 4/30 .. 4/21 4/23 4/12 _____|
36 Winter Wren | 4/8 4/25 4/30 .. 3/22 4/19 4/8 _____|
88 Long-billed Marsh Wren | .. 4/14 .. 4/12 .. .. 3/29 _____|
Family CERTHIIDAE | |
19 Brown Creeper | 4/7 4/7 4/6 4/2 4/4 3/21 3/18 _____|
Family PARIDAE | |
21 White-breasted Nuthatch | 4/7 3/29 4/11 4/2 3/18 3/31 4/2 _____|
54 Red-breasted Nuthatch | .. .. .. 5/3 .. 4/22 4/28 _____|
20 Chickadee | .. 4/1 .. 3/19 4/13 .. .. _____|
Family SYLVIIDAE | |
17 Golden-crowned Kinglet | 4/7 3/14 4/11 4/6 4/5 3/28 3/19 _____|
28 Ruby-crowned Kinglet |4/14 4/1 4/13 4/7 4/17 4/13 3/19 _____|
47 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | .. 4/25 4/22 4/18 4/28 4/22 4/25 _____|
Family TURDIDAE | |
64 Wood Thrush |4/18 5/3 5/1 .. 5/4 4/29 5/12 _____|
42 Wilson Thrush |5/11 4/10 4/12 4/7 4/11 4/26 4/8 _____|
110 Gray-cheeked Thrush | .. .. .. .. .. 5/21 5/11 _____|
60 Olive-backed Thrush | .. 5/1 5/4 5/8 4/30 4/22 4/29 _____|
26 Hermit Thrush | .. 3/31 4/11 4/7 4/5 4/13 3/19 _____|
3 Robin |3/28 3/9 3/4 3/24 3/14 3/10 3/7 _____|
7 Bluebird |3/28 3/8 4/4 3/31 3/17 3/7 3/7 _____|