"'There are very few indeed who arrive h_Cotton is king, and pro-slavery arguments

sufficient means at once to acquire a farm, or to

enter into business of any kind. The great mass of

them may be called paupers, claiming aid from the

societies through whose agency they are brought

out. Some of these societies hold large tracts of

land, which they sub-divide and sell to new comers

upon long time, but with conditions as to

clearing, residence, etc., that are difficult of

observance. I believe there is much trouble in

carrying out this plan, arising in some measure

from the peculiarities of negro character--a want

of constancy or steadiness of purpose, as well as

from a feeling of distrust as to their having the

land secured to them. If the land is not purchased

from any of these societies, a parcel of ten or

fifteen colored families get together and purchase

and settle upon some other spot.

"While there are instances of colored men

accumulating property here, the great mass of them

fail even in securing a living without charity or

crime. They have but little forethought for the

future, and care only to live lazily in the

present. The criminal records of the county show

that nine-tenths of the offenses are committed by

the colored population, and I think the experience

of every citizen who resides near a settlement

will testify to their depredating habits.

"'I have given you thus hurriedly and

disconnectedly my views on these subjects. They

are important enough to demand more time and

consideration in their discussion, but I believe

the opinions I have advanced you will find shared

in by a large proportion of the residents of the

Province. I am, my dear sir, faithfully yours.'

----- -----.

"In addition to the testimony of the writer of the above communication,

my views upon the subject under examination were confirmed by the

valuable opinion of the Hon. Colonel Prince, the representative of the

county in the Provincial Parliament for a long term of years. Colonel

Prince has bestowed much consideration upon the negro question, and he

has practical experience of the condition and conduct of the colored

population. In June, 1858, in the course of a debate in the Legislative

Council, Col. Prince was reported to have spoken as follows:

"'In the county of Essex the greatest curse that befell them was the

swarm of blacks that infested that county. They were perfectly inundated

with them. Some of the finest farmers of the county of Kent had actually

left their beautiful farms, so as not to be near this terrible nuisance.

If they looked over the criminal calendars of the country they would see

that the majority of names were those of colored people. They were a

useless, worthless, thriftless set of people, too lazy and indolent to

work, and too proud to be taught. . . . . Were the blacks to swarm the

country and annoy them with their rascalities? Honorable gentlemen might

speak feelingly for the negroes, but they had never lived among them as

he had done. Notwithstanding all that he said about them, they would

say, if asked on the subject, that they had no better friend than Col.

Prince. But there was no use in trying to get the white man to live with

them. It was a thing they would not do. There was a great sympathy

always expressed for the black man who escaped from the slave life; but

he had lived with them twenty-five years, and had come to the conclusion

that the black man was born for servitude, and was not fit for any thing

else. He might listen to the morbid philanthropy of honorable gentlemen

in favor of the negro; but they might as well try to change the spots of

the leopard as to change the character of the blacks. They would still

retain their idle and thievish propensities.'

"While Col. Prince claims that he was very inaccurately reported, and

that he never said one word in favor of slavery, which he professes to

abhor with a holy horror, he yet adheres to the opinion that the colored

race is not fit to live and mix in freedom with the whites. He deplores

deeply the action of such of his countrymen as improperly interfere in

the affairs of the States, and condemns the lawless running off of

slaves from the South, and the attempts to raise servile insurrection in

the slaveholding States. As a constitutional British gentleman, he

reveres the laws, and believes that where they are bad, or where the

constitution of a country is unwise, the remedy lies in the power of the

people by legal means. He sees the evil effect, morally and socially, of

the influx of fugitive slaves into Canada, and would shut them out if he

could. He knows that the negroes form an enormous portion of the

criminals of his county, and the county of Kent, and he is doubly

annoyed that men who come from servitude to freedom should abuse their

privileges as the negroes do. He admits that every distinct attempt to

make a settlement of negroes self-supporting and prosperous, has failed,

and he believes that the negro is not yet fit for self-government, and

requires over him a guiding, if not a master's hand.

Col. Prince is a gentleman of the old school--hale, hearty and

whole-souled--and does not fear to express the sentiments he entertains.

"The lessons taught by an examination into the action of the Canadian

abolitionists, and of the condition and prospects of the fugitive slaves

in the Province, should be made useful to the American people. The

history of the past proves that Great Britain would gladly destroy the

Union of the States, which makes the American republic a leading power

among nations. As in days past she sought to accomplish this object

through the instrumentality of traitors and of the foes of the Union, so

now she seeks aid in her designs from the republican abolition enemies

of the confederacy in our own States. The intrigues of the British

emissaries in Canada should stay the hand of every man who fancies that

in helping to rob the South of its slaves he is performing an act of

humanity; for they should teach him that he is but helping on the

designs of those who look eagerly to the slavery agitation and the

sectional passions engendered thereby, to accomplish a disruption of the

Union, and encompass the failure of our experiment of free

government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"Let our merchants and our farmers carefully consider these facts, and

then reflect upon what they are required by the abolition agitators to

do. To what end are the systematized negro stealing of the North, the

attempts to incite insurrection at the South, and their natural results,

a dissolution of the Union, to lead? Are we to render New York and the

other free States subject to the same deplorable evils as afflict the

western counties of Canada? Are our Northern farmers willing to have the

value of their lands depreciated, and to subject their crops and stock

to constant depredations by inviting here the same class of neighbors

that at present deplete whole Canadian townships of their sheep? Unless

we desire to accomplish such results, why, under a mistaken idea of

charity to the negro, do we take him from a life of usefulness and

content at the South to plant him in freedom and suffering at the North?

Why do we consent to help forward, directly or indirectly, an agitation

that can only incite a disruption of the Union and bring upon us the

very evils we deplore?"

IMPORTANT DECISIONS.

Since the volume was in type, the Supreme Court of Ohio has made a

decision of great importance to the free colored people. We copy from

the _Law Journal_, December, 1859:

"NEGROES AND THE COMMON SCHOOLS.

"The Supreme Court of Ohio, on Tuesday, on a question before them

involving the right of _colored_ children to be admitted into the Common

Schools of the State, decided that the law of the State interfered with

no right of colored children on the subject, and that they were not,

therefore, entitled of _right_ to the admission demanded. The following

is the reported statement of the case:

"'Enos Van Camp _vs._ Board of Equalization of incorporated village of

Logan, Hocking County, Ohio. Error to District Court of Hocking County.

"'Peck J. held:

"'1. That the statute of March 14, 1853, 'to provide for the

reorganization, supervision, and maintenance of Common Schools, is a law

of _classification_ and not of _exclusion_, providing for the education

of _all_ youths within the prescribed ages, and that the words 'white'

and 'colored,' as used in said act, are used in their popular and

ordinary signification.

"'2. That children of three-eighths African and five-eighths white

blood, but who are distinctly colored, and generally treated and

regarded as colored children by the community where they reside, are

not, _as of right_, entitled to admission into the Common Schools, set

apart under said act, for the instruction of white youths.

"'Brinkherhoff, C. J., and Sutliff, J., dissented.'"

(From the Cincinnati Gazette.)

MASSACHUSETTS BLACK MILITIA.

Last Wednesday a bill passed by the Massachusetts Legislature

authorizing colored persons to join military organizations, was vetoed

by Gov. Banks, on the ground that he believed the chapter in the bill

relating to the militia, in which the word "white" was stricken out, to

be unconstitutional. In this opinion he is sustained by the Supreme

Court and by the Attorney General.

The matter was discussed in the House at some length, and the veto

sustained by a vote of 146 to 6.

A new chapter was then introduced on leave, and it being precisely the

same as the other, except that the word "white" was restored, it passed

the House with but one negative vote.

Under a suspension of the rules the new bill was then sent to the

Senate, where, after debate, it was passed by a vote of 11 to 15.

The Governor signed the new bill, and the Legislature adjourned _sine

die_.

SOUTH-SIDE VIEWS.

REV. Dr. Fuller, of Baltimore, has written a long letter to Hon. Edward

Everett, in regard to the present state of things as regards slavery. We

subjoin two or three specimens:--_Cincinnati Gazette._

"In June, 1845, there assembled in Charleston a body of men,

representing almost all the wisdom and wealth of South Carolina. There

were present, also, delegates from Georgia, and I believe from other

States. It was a meeting of the association for the improvement, moral

and religious, of the slave population. The venerable Judge Huger

presided. Having been appointed to address that large and noble

audience, I did not hesitate to speak my whole mind: appealing to

masters to imitate the Antonines and other magnanimous Roman Emperors,

to become the guardians of their slaves, to have laws enacted protecting

them in their relations as husbands and wives and parents; to recognize

the rights which the Gospel asserts for servants as well as masters. In

a word, I pressed upon them the solemn obligations which their power

over these human beings imposed upon them--obligations only the more

sacred, because their power was so irresponsible.

"That august assembly not only honored me with their attention, but

expressed their approval, the presiding officer concurring most

emphatically in the views submitted.

"I need scarcely tell you that no such address would be regarded as wise

or prudent at this time. It is not that masters are less engaged in

seeking to promote the moral and religious well-being of their servants;

but measures which once could have been adopted most beneficially would

now only expose master and servant to the baneful influence of fanatical

intermeddling.

"If any thing is certain, it is that the Gospel does not recognise

hatred, abuse, violence and blood as the means by which good is to be

done. The Gospel is a system of love. It assails no established social

relations, but it infuses love into the hearts of those who are bound

together, and thus unites them in affection."

Again he says:

"I think I speak accurately when I say, that hitherto every sacrifice

for the emancipation of slaves has been made by Southern men; and many

hundred thousand dollars have been expended in such liberations. The

North has wasted large sums for abolition books and lectures; for

addresses calculated to inflame the imaginations of women and children,

and to mislead multitudes of men--most excellent and pious--but utterly

ignorant as to the condition of things at the South. We now find,

indeed, that money has been contributed even for the purchase of deadly

weapons to be employed against the South, and to enlist the most

ferocious passions in secret crusades, compared with which an open

invasion by foreign enemies would be a blessing. I believe, however,

that not one cent has yet been given to set on foot--or even encourage

when proposed--any plausible enterprise for the benefit of the slave."

* * * * *

"I do now believe that the guardianship of a kind master is at this time

a great blessing to the African. If emancipation is ever to take place,

it will be gradually, and under the mild, but resistless influence of

the Gospel. Whether slavery be an evil or not, we at the South did not

bring these Africans here--we protested against their introduction. The

true friend of the African is at the South, and thousands of hearts

there are seeking to know what can be done for the race. There must be

some limits to human responsibility, and a man in New England has no

more right to interfere with the institutions of Virginia, than he has

to interfere with those of England or France. All such interference

will be repelled by the master, but it will prove injurious to the

slave. Dr. Channing was regarded as a leading abolitionist in his day,

but could that noble man now rise up, he would stand aghast at the

madness which is rife everywhere on this subject. 'One great principle,

which we should lay down as immovably true, is, that if a good work

cannot be carried on by the calm, self-controlled, benevolent spirit of

Christianity, then the time for doing it has not yet come.' Such was his

language, when opposing slavery. Were he now living, the delirious

spirit of the day would denounce him, as it denounced Mr. Webster, and

now denounces you and every true patriot. Nay, even Mr. Beecher is

abused as not truculent enough.

"Jesus saw slavery all around him. Did he seek to employ force? He said

'All power in heaven and earth is given unto me, therefore, go teach, go

preach the Gospel.'"

COLORED PEOPLE EMIGRATING FROM LOUISIANA TO HAYTI.

The _New Orleans Picayune_ notices that a vessel cleared from that port

on the previous day, having on board eighty-one free colored persons,

emigrating to Hayti. The _Picayune_ says:

"These people are all from the Opelousas parishes, and all

cultivators--well versed in farming, and in all the mechanical arts

connected with a farm. Among them are brickmakers, blacksmiths,

wheelwrights, carpenters, etc. Some of them are proficient weavers, who

have long been employed making the stuff called Attakapas cottonade, so

favorably known in the market. They take along with them the necessary

machinery for that trade, and all sorts of agricultural and mechanical

implements.

"These eighty-one persons--twenty-four adults and fifty-seven children

and youths--compose fourteen families, or rather households, for they

are all related, and the eighty-one may be called one family. They are

all in easy circumstances, some even rich, one family being worth as

much as $50,000. They were all land owners in this State, and have sold

out their property with the intention of investing their capital in

Hayti."--

_Cincinnati Commercial_, January, 1860.

THE COOLIE TRAFFIC.

It may be well to put upon record one of those extreme cases of hardship

and cruelty which necessarily accompany the transportation of laborers

to the West Indies, whether under the name of the slave trade, or coolie

immigration. The China correspondent of the _New York Journal of

Commerce_, of a recent date, says: The Flora Temple, an English vessel,

had made all arrangements to secure a full cargo of coolies. They were

cheated, inveigled, or stolen, and either taken directly to the ship or

else confined in the barracoons in Macao till the ship was ready to

sail for Havanna--the crew numbering fifty, and the coolies eight

hundred and fifty. The vessel sailed October 8, 1859, when the coolies

soon learned their destiny, and resolved to avert it at all hazards. On

the morning of the 11th, without weapons of any kind, they rushed upon

the guard and killed him. The noise brought the captain and his brother

on deck, fully armed with revolvers, who by rapid firing and resolutely

pressing forward, drove the miserable wretches below; where, without

light and air, they were locked and barred like felons, in a space too

limited to permit their living during the long voyage before them. Think

of eight hundred and fifty human beings all full grown men, pressed into

this contracted, rayless, airless dungeon, in which they were to be

deported from China to Havana, all the long way over the China sea, the

Indian ocean, and the Atlantic!

On the 14th, the vessel struck upon an unknown reef, a gale of wind in

the meantime blowing, and the sea running high. Every effort was made to

save the ship by the officers and crew; the poor coolies, battened down

beneath the decks, being allowed no chance to aid in saving the ship or

themselves. Although the yards were "braced around" and the ship "hove

aback," she struck first slightly, and then soon after several times

with a tremendous crash, the breakers running alongside very high.

Pieces of her timbers and planking floated up on her port side, and

after some more heavy thumps she remained apparently immovable. The

water rapidly increased in the hold till it reached the "between-decks,"

where the eight hundred and fifty coolies were confined.

While this was going on, indeed, almost immediately after the ship first

struck, the officers and crew very naturally became afraid of the

coolies for the treatment they had received, and the captain ordered the

boats to be lowered, not to save the coolies in whole or in part, but to

preserve himself and crew. These boats, even under favorable

circumstances, were not more than sufficient for the officers and crew,

showing that no provision had been made for the poor coolies in case of

disaster. The boats passed safely through the breakers, leaving the ship

almost without motion, all her masts standing, her back broken, and the

sea making a clear break over her starboard and quarter.

When the boats left the ship, and steered away, without making an effort

to save the eight hundred and fifty coolies, or allowing them to do any

thing themselves, with their last look toward the ship they saw that the

coolies had escaped from their prison through doors which the concussion

had made for them, and stood clustering together, helpless and

despairing, upon the decks, and gazing upon the abyss which was opening

its jaws to receive them. My friend assures me that he knows these poor

creatures were completely imprisoned all the night these terrible

occurences were going on, the hatches being "battened down," and made as

secure as a jail door under lock and bars.

The ship was three hundred miles from land when it struck, and after

fourteen days of toil and struggle, one of the boats only succeeded in

reaching Towron, in Cochin-China. The three other boats were never heard

of. Here the French fleet was lying; and the admiral at once sent one of

his vessels to the fatal scene of the disaster, where some of the wreck

was to be seen; but not a _single coolie_! Every one of the _eight

hundred and fifty_ had perished.

TABLE I.

FACTS IN RELATION TO COTTON--ITS GROWTH, MANUFACTURE, AND INFLUENCE ON

COMMERCE, SLAVERY, EMANCIPATION, ETC., CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.

| Great Britain Annual Import | United States' Annual |

YEARS. | and Consumption of Cotton, | Exports Cotton to Great |

| from earliest dates to | Britain and Europe |

| 1858, in lbs. | generally. |

--------|-----------------------------|--------------------------|

1641 | Cotton manufacture first | |

| named in English history. | |

| | |

| TOTAL IMPORTS. | |

1697 | 1,976,359 | |

1701 | 1,985,868 | |

1700 |} | |

to |} 1,170,881 | |

1705 |} | |

1710 | 715,008 | |

1720 | 1,972,805 | |

1730 | 1,545,472 | |

1741 | 1,645,031 | 1747-48, 7 bags of |

1751 | 2,976,610 | Cotton were shipped from |

1764 | 3,870,392 | Charleston, S. C., to |

1771 |} | England. |

to |} 6,766,613 | |

1775 |} | 1770, 2,000 lbs. shipped |

1781 | 5,198,778 | from Charleston. |

1782 | 11,828,039 | |

1783 | 9,735,663 | |

1784 | 11,482,083 | 71 bags shipped and |

1785 | 18,400,384 | seized in England, on |

1786 | 19,475,020 | the ground that America |

1787 | 23,250,268 | could not produce so |

1788 | 20,467,436 | much. |

1789 | 32,576,023 | |

1790 | 31,447,605 | |

1791 | 28,706,675 | lbs. 189,316 |

1792 | 34,907,497 | 138,328 |

1793 | 19,040,929 | 500,000 |

1794 | 24,358,567 | 1,601,760 |

1795 | 26,401,340 | 6,276,300 |

1796 | 23,126,357 | 6,100,000 |

1797 | 23,354,371 | 3,800,000 |

1798 | 31,880,641 | 9,330,000 |

1799 | 43,379,278 | 9,500,000 |

1800 | 56,010,732 | 17,789,803 |

1801 | 56,004,305 | 20,900,000 |

1802 | 60,345,600 | 27,500,000 |

1803 | 53,812,284 | 41,900,000 |

1804 | 61,867,329 | 38,900,000 |

1805 | 59,682,406 | 40,330,000 |

1806 | 58,176,283 | 37,500,000 |

1807 | 74,925,306 | 66,200,000 |

1808 | 43,605,982 | 12,000,000 |

1809 | 92,812,282 | 53,200,000 |

1810 | 132,488,935 | 93,900,000 |

1811 | 91,576,535 | 62,200,000 |

1812 | 63,025,936 | 29,000,000 |

1813 | 50,966,000 | 19,400,000 |

1814 | 73,728,000 | 17,800,000 |

==================================================================

Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the |

United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at |

intervals. |

-----------------------------------------------------------------|

Previous to 1791 Great Britain obtained her supplies of Cotton |

from the West Indies and South America, and the countries |

around the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. From that date |

she began to receive supplies from the U. S. |

1786. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

Br. W. Indies, lbs. 5,800,000 |

Fr. and Spanish Colonies 5,500,000 |

Dutch do. 1,600,000 |

Portuguese do. 2,000,000 |

Turkey and Smyrna, 5,000,000 |

1789. Cotton crop of United States, 1,000,000 lbs. |

1791. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

Br. West Indies, lbs. 12,000,000 |

Brazil, 20,000,000 |

1794. Cotton crop of the U. S., 8,000,000 lbs. |

1796. Cotton crop of the U. S., 10,000,000 lbs. |

1798. India, the first imports from, 1,622,000 lbs. |

1799. Cotton crop of the U. S., 20,000,000 lbs. |

1800. _Exports_ from-- |

India, lbs. 30,000,000 |

West Indies, 17,000,000 |

Brazil, 24,000,000 |

Elsewhere, 7,000,000 |

1806. Cotton crop of the U. S., 80,000,000 lbs. |

1812. War declared between the United States and Great Britain. |

==================================================================

Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of

Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

------------------------------------------------------------------

Previous to the invention of the machinery named below, all

carding, spinning, and weaving of wool and cotton had been done

by the use of the hand-cards, one-spindle wheels, and common

hand-looms. The work, for a long period, was performed in

families; but the improved machinery propelled by steam power,

has so reduced the cost of cotton manufactures, that all

household manufacturing has long since been abandoned, and the

monopoly yielded to capitalists, who now fill the world with

their cheap fabrics.

1762. Carding machine invented.

1767. Spinning Jenny invented.

1769. Spinning Roller-frame invented.

" Cotton first planted in the United States.

" Watt's Steam Engine patented.

1775. Mule Jenny invented.

1776. Virginia forbids foreign slave trade.

1780. Emancipation by Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.

1781. Muslins first made in England.

1784. Emancipation by Connecticut and Rhode Island.

1785. Watts' Engine improved and applied to cotton machinery.

First cotton mill erected, 1783.

1785. New York Abolition Society organized.

1786. Carding and spinning machines erected in Massachusetts.

1787. Power Loom invented.

" First Cotton mill erected in Beverly, Massachusetts.

" Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed.

" Slavery excluded from N. W. Territory, including Ohio,

Indiana, Illinois, &c.

1789. Franklin issues an appeal for aid to instruct the free

blacks.

1792. Emancipation by New Hampshire.

1793. Cotton Gin invented.

1799. Emancipation by New York.

1804. Do. New Jersey.

1800. Cotton consumed in the United States, 200,000 lbs.

1801. United States exported to--

France, lbs. 750,000

England 19,000,000

1803. Louisiana Territory acquired, including the region

between the Mississippi river (upper and lower) and

the Mexican line.

1805. United States export to France, 4,500,000 lbs.

1807. Fulton started his steamboat.

1808. Slave trade prohibited by United States and England.

1808. Cotton manufacture established in Boston.

1810. Cotton consumed in United States, 4,000,000 lbs.

1812. Two-thirds of steam engines in Great Britain employed in

cotton spinning, etc.

1813. United States export to France, 10,250,000 lbs.

==================================================================

| Great Britain Annual Import | United States' Annual |

YEARS. | and Consumption of Cotton, | Exports Cotton to Great |

| from earliest times to | Britain and Europe |

| 1858, in lbs. | generally. |

--------|-----------------------------|--------------------------|

1815 | 96,200,000 | 83,000,000 |

1816 | 97,310,000 | 81,800,000 |

1817 | 126,240,000 | 95,660,000 |

| | |

| Total Consumption. | |

1818 | 109,902,000 | 92,500,000 |

1819 | 109,518,000 | 88,000,000 |

1820 | 120,265,000 | 127,800,000 |

1821 | 129,029,000 | 124,893,405 |

1822 | 145,493,000 | 144,675,095 |

1823 | 154,146,000 | 173,723,270 |

1824 | 165,174,000 | 142,369,663 |

1825 | 166,831,000 | 176,449,907 |

1826 | 150,213,000 | 204,535,415 |

1827 | 197,200,000 | 294,310,115 |

1828 | 217,860,000 | 210,590,463 |

1829 | 219,200,000 | 264,837,186 |

1830 | 247,600,000 | 298,459,102 |

1831 | 262,700,000 | 276,979,784 |

1832 | 276,900,000 | 322,215,122 |

1833 | 287,000,000 | 324,698,604 |

1834 | 303,000,000 | 384,717,907 |

1835 | 326,407,692 | 387,358,992 |

1836 | 363,684,232 | 423,631,307 |

1837 | 367,564,752 | 444,211,537 |

1838 | 477,206,108 | 595,952,297 |

1839 | 445,744,000 | 413,624,212 |

1840 | 517,254,400 | 743,941,061 |

1841 | 460,387,200 | 530,204,100 |

1842 | 477,339,200 | 584,717,017 |

1843 | 555,214,400 | 792,297,106 |

1844 | 570,731,200 | 663,633,455 |

1845 | 626,496,000 | 872,905,996 |

1846 | 624,000,000 | 547,558,055 |

1847 | 442,416,000 | 527,219,958 |

1848 | 602,160,000 | 814,274,431 |

1849 | 624,000,000 | 1,026,602,269 |

1850 | 606,000,000 | 635,381,604 |

1851 | 648,000,000 | 927,237,089 |

1852 | 817,998,048 | 1,093,230,639 |

1853 | 746,376,848 | 1,111,570,370 |

1854 | 761,646,704 | 987,833,106 |

1855 | 775,814,112 | 1,008,424,601 |

1856 | 877,225,440 | 1,351,431,827 |

1857 | 837,406,300 | 1,048,282,475 |

1858 | 884,733,696 | 1,118,624,012 |

1859 | | 1,372,755,006 |

| | |

------------------------------------------------------------------

==================================================================

Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the |

United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at |

intervals. |

-----------------------------------------------------------------|

1815. Peace proclaimed between the United States and Great |

Britain. |

1818. Cotton crop of the U. S., 125,000,000 lbs. |

1821. _Exports_ from-- |

West Indies, lbs. 9,000,000 |

Brazil, 28,000,000 |

India, 50,000,000 |

Turkey and Egypt, 5,500,000 |

Elsewhere, 6,000,000 |

1822. Cotton crop of the U. S., 210,000,000 lbs. |

1828. Cotton crop of the U. S., 325,000,000 lbs. |

_Imports_ by Great Britain from West Indies,-- |

1829. lbs. 4,640,414 |

1830, 3,449,249 |

1831, 2,401,685 |

1834, 2,296,525 |

1832. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

Brazil, lbs. 20,109,560 |

Turkey and Egypt, 9,113,890 |

East Indies and Mauritius 5,178,625 |

British West Indies. 1,708,764 |

Elsewhere, 964,933 |

1838. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

Brazil, lbs. 24,464,505 |

East Indies and Mauritius 40,230,064 |

British West Indies, 928,425 |

1840. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

British West Indies, lbs. 427,529 |

1841. _Imports_ by Great Britain from India, 1835 to 1839, |

annual average, 57,600,000 lbs. |

_Imports_ by Great Britain, 1840 to 1844, during the Chinese |

war, 92,800,000 lbs. |

1845. Do. from Egypt, 32,537,600 lbs. |

1848. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

West Indies and Demarara, lbs. 3,155,600 |

Brazil and Portuguese Colonies 40,080,400 |

East Indies, 91,004,800 |

_Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

1849. East Indies, lbs. 72,800,000 |

1850. Do. 123,200,000 |

1852. Do. 84,022,432 |

1853. Do. 180,431,496 |

1854. Do. 119,835,968 |

1855. Do. 145,218,976 |

1856. _Imports_ by Great Britain from-- |

British East Indies, lbs. 180,496,624 |

Brazil, 21,830,704 |

Egypt, 34,399,008 |

1857. _Imports_ from-- |

Brazil, lbs. 29,910,832 |

Egypt, 24,532,256 |

1858. _Imports_ from Brazil, lbs. 18,617,872 |

Do. Egypt, 38,232,320 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

==================================================================

Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of

Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.

------------------------------------------------------------------

1815. Power Loom first used in United States.

1816. First steamboat crossed the British Channel.

1816. Power Loom brought into general use in England.

1817. Colonization Society organized.

1819. Florida annexed.

1820. Slave trade declared piracy by Congress.

1820. Emigrants to Liberia first sent.

1821. Benjamin Lundy published his "Genius of Universal

Emancipation."

1823. United States export to France, 25,000,000 lbs.

1824. Do. do. do. 40,500,000 lbs.

1825. New York and Erie Canal opened.

Production and manufacture of cotton now greatly above the

consumption, and prices fell so as to produce general distress

and stagnation, which continued with more or less intensity

throughout 1828 and 1829. The fall of prices was about 55

per cent.--_Encyc. Amer._

1826. Creek Indians removed from Georgia.

1829. Emancipation in Mexico.

1830. United States export to France, 75,000,000 lbs.

1831. Slave Insurrection in Virginia.

1832. Garrison declares war against the Colonization Society.

1832. Ohio Canal completed.

1833. Cotton consumption in France, 72,767,551 lbs.

1834. Emancipation in West Indies, commenced.

1834. Birney deserted the Colonization Society.

1835. United States export to France, 100,330,000 lbs.

1836. Gerrit Smith repudiates the Colonization Society.

1836. Cherokee and Choctaw Indians removed from Georgia,

Mississippi, and Alabama.

1837. American Anti-Slavery Society had an income of $36,000,

and 70 agents commissioned.

1838. Colonization Society had an income of only $10,900.

1840. Cotton consumed in the United States, 106,000,000 lbs.

1844. Value of cotton goods imported into the United States

$13,286,830.

1845. Texas annexed.

1846. Mexican War.

1847. Gold discovered in California.

1848. New Mexico and California annexed.

1849. United States export to France, 151,340,000 lbs.

Do. Other Continental countries, 128,800,000 lbs.

1850. Cotton consumed in United States, 256,000,000 lbs.

1851. Value of United States cotton fabrics, $61,869,184.

1853. Value of cottons imported, $27,675,000.

1853. United States export to England, 768,596,498 lbs.

1853. Do. do. Continent, 335,271,064 lbs.

1855. United States export to Great Britain and North American

Colonies, 672,409,874 lbs.

1855. Do. do. Continent, 322,905,056 lbs.

1855. Value of Cottons imported, $21,655,624.

The remaining statistics of this column can be found in the

other Tables.

------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--Our commercial year ends June 30: that of England January 1. This

will explain any seeming discrepancy in the imports by her from us, and

our exports to her.

N. B.--In 1781 Great Britain commenced re-exporting a portion of her

imports of Cotton to the Continent; but the amount did not reach a

million of pounds, except in one year, until 1810, when it rose to over

eight millions. The next year, however, it fell to a million and a

quarter, and only rose, from near that amount, to six millions in 1814

and 1815. From 1818, her _consumption_, only, of cotton, is given, as

best representing her relations to slave labor for that commodity. After

this date her exports of cotton gradually enlarged, until, in 1853, they

reached over one hundred and forty-seven millions of pounds. Of this,

over eighty-two millions were derived from the United States, and over

fifty-nine millions from India. That is to say, of her imports of

180,431,000 lbs. in 1853, from India, she re-exported 59,000,000.

We are enabled to add, for our second edition, that the imports of

Cotton into Great Britain, from India, for 1854, amounted to 119,835,968

lbs., of which 66,405,920 lbs. were re-exported; and that her imports

from the same for 1855 amounted to 145,218,976 lbs., of which 66,210,704

lbs. were re-exported; thus leaving, for the former year, but 53,430,048

lbs., and for the latter but 79,008,272 lbs. of East India Cotton for

consumption in England. The present condition of cotton supplies from

India up to 1859, will be seen in the extracts from the _London

Economist_.

TABLE II.

TABULAR STATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS,

DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ETC., EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED

STATES: THE TOTAL VALUE OF PRODUCTS AND ANIMALS

RAISED IN THE COUNTRY; AND THE VALUE OF THE

PORTION THEREOF LEFT FOR HOME CONSUMPTION AND USE,

FOR THE YEAR 1853. See Patent Office Report;

Abstract of Census; Rep. Com. Nav., etc.

========================================================================

| Value of | Total Value | Value of

| Exports. | of Products | portion left

| | and Animals. | for home

| | | consumption.

-------------------|--------------|--------------------|----------------

Cattle, and their | | |

products, | $3,076,897 | Catt. $400,000,000 | $396,923,103

Horses and Mules, | 246,731 | 300,000,000 | 299,753,269

Sheep and Wool, | 44,375 | Sheep, 46,000,000 | 45,955,625

Hogs and their | | |

products, | 6,202,324 | Hogs, 160,000,000 | 153,797,676

Indian Corn and | | |

Meal, | 2,084,051 | Corn, 240,000,000 | 237,915,949

Wheat Flour and | | |

Biscuit, | 19,591,817 | Wheat, 100,000,000 | 80,408,183

Rye Meal, | 34,186 | Rye, 12,600,000 | 12,565,814

Other Grains, and | | |

Peas and Beans, | 165,824 | 54,144,874 | 53,979,050

Potatoes, | 152,569 | 42,400,00 | 42,247,431

Apples, | 107,283 |(1850) 7,723,326 | 7,616,043

Hay, averaged at | | |

$10 per ton, | |(1850) 138,385,790 | 138,385,790

Hemp, | 18,195 | 4,272,500 | 4,254,305

Sugar--Cane and | | |

maple, etc., | 427,216 |(1850) 36,900,000 | 36,472,784

Rice, | 1,657,658 | 8,750,000 | 7,092,342

|--------------|--------------------|----------------

Totals, | $33,809,126 | $ 1,551,176,490 |$1,517,367,364

|==============|====================|================

Cotton, | $109,456,404 | $128,000,000 | $18,543,596

Tobacco, and its | | |

products, | 11,319,319 | 19,900,000 | 8,580,681

|--------------|--------------------|----------------

Totals, | $120,775,723 | $147,900,000 | $27,124,277

------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--This table is left as it was in the first edition. As the census

tables supply a portion of its materials, a new statement cannot be made

until after 1860.

TABLE III.

TOTAL IMPORTS OF THE MORE PROMINENT ARTICLES OF

GROCERIES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1853;

SPECIFYING ALSO, THE RE-EXPORTS, AND THE

PROPORTIONS FROM SLAVE-LABOR COUNTRIES. See Report

on Commerce and Navigation.

=======================================================================

Coffee, Imported, | Value, $15,525,954 | lbs. 199,049,823

" Re-Exported, | 1,163,875 | " 13,349,319

" Slave-Labor | |

production, | 12,059,476 | " 156,108,569

| |

Sugar, Imported, | $15,093,003 | " 464,427,281

" Re-Exported, | 819,439 | " 18,981,601

" Slave-Labor | |

production, | 14,810,091 | " 459,743,322

| |

Molasses, Imported, | $3,684,888 | gals. 31,886,100

" Re-Exported, | 97,880 | " 488,666

" Slave-Labor | |

production, | 3,607,160 | " 31,325,735

| |

Tobacco, etc., Imported, | $4,175,238 |

" Re-Exported, | 312,733 |

" Slave-Labor | |

production, | 3,674,402 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--A part of the modifications necessary in this table to adopt it

to 1859, can be inferred from some of the tables which follow.

TABLE IV.

FREE COLORED AND SLAVE POPULATION, OF THE STATES

NAMED, IN THE PERIODS OF TEN YEARS, FROM 1790 TO

1850, WITH THE RATIO OF INCREASE OR DECREASE PER

CENT. PER ANNUM, OF THE FORMER.

===========================================================================

STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.

-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------

Free Colored | 6,537 | 14,561| 22,492| 30,202| 37,930| 47,854| 53,626

per annum | ......| 12.27| 5.44| 3.42| 2.55| 2.61| 1.20

Slaves | 3,737 | 1,706| 795| 211| 403| 64| ......

Free Colored | 5,463| 6,452| 6,737| 6,740| 7,048| 8,669| 9,064

per annum | ......| 1.81| .44| .004| .45| 2.29| .45

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......

Free Colored | 4,654| 10,374| 25,333| 29,279| 44,870| 50,027| 49,069

cent. per annum | ......| 12.29| 14.41| 1.55| 5.32| 1.14| [a].19

Slaves | 21,324| 20,343| 15,017| 10,088| 75| 4| ......

Free Colored | 2,762| 4,402| 7,843| 12,460| 18,303| 21,044| 23,810

per annum | ......| 5.93| 7.81| 5.88| 4.68| 1.49| 1.31

Slaves | 11,423| 12,422| 10,851| 7,557| 2,254| 674| 236

Free Colored | 3,469| 3,304| 3,609| 3,554| 3,561| 3,238| 3,670

cent. per annum | ......| [a].47| .92| [a].15| .01| [a]90| 1.33

Slaves | 952| 381| 108| 48| 17| 5| ......

Free Colored | 225| 557| 750| 903| 881| 730| 718

cent. per annum | ......| 11.84| 3.46| 2.04| [a].24|[a]1.71| [a]16

Slaves | 17| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......| ......

===========================================================================

STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.

-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------

Free Colored | 538| 818| 969| 929| 1,190| 1,355| 1,356

cent. per annum | ......| 5.20| 1.84| [a].41| 2.80| 1.38| .007

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 2| ......| ......

Free Colored | 630| 856| 970| 786| 604| 537| 520

cent. per annum | ......| 3.58| 1.33|[a]1.89|[a]2.31|[a]1.10| [a].31

Slaves | 158| 8| ......| ......| 3| 1| ......

Free Colored | 2,801| 5,330| 6,453| 7,844| 8,047| 8,105| 7,693

cent. per annum | ......| 9.02| 2.10| 2.15| .25| .07| [a].50

Slaves | 2,759| 951| 310| 97| 25| 17| ......

Free Colored | ......| 337| 1,899| 4,723| 9,568| 17,342| 25,279

per annum | ......| ......| 46.35| 14.87| 10.25| 8.12| 4.57

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 6| 3| ......

Free Colored | ......| 163| 393| 1,230| 3,629| 7,165| 11,262

per annum | ......| ......| 14.11| 21.29| 19.50| 9.74| 5.75

Slaves | ......| 135| 237| 190| 3| 3| ......

Free Colored | 3,899| 8,268| 13,163| 12,958| 15,855| 16,919| 18,073

cent. per annum | ......| 11.20| 5.88| [a].13| 2.23| .67| .68

Slaves | 8,887| 6,153| 4,177| 4,509| 3,292| 2,605| 2,290

Free Colored | 8,043| 19,587| 33,927| 39,730| 52,938| 62,078| 74,723

per annum | ......| 14.35| 7.32| 1.71| 3.32| 1.72| 2.03

Slaves |103,036|105,635|111,502|107,397|102,994| 89,737| 90,368

Free Colored | 12,766| 20,124| 30,570| 36,889| 47,348| 49,852| 54,333

per annum | ......| 5.76| 5.99| 2.06| 2.83| .52| .89

Slaves |293,427|345,796|392,518|425,153|469,757|449,087|472,528

==========================================================================

STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.

-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------

Free Colored | 4,975| 7,043| 10,266| 14,612| 19,543| 22,732| 27,463

per annum | ......| 4.15| 4.57| 4.23| 3.37| 1.63| 2.08

Slaves |100,572|133,296|168,824|205,017|245,601|245,817|288,548

Free Colored | 1,801| 3,185| 4,554| 6,826| 7,921| 8,276| 8,960

per annum | ......| 7.68| 4.29| 4.98| 1.60| .44| .82

Slaves |107,094|146,151|196,365|258,475|315,401|327,038|584,984

Free Colored | 398| 1,019| 1,801| 1,763| 2,486| 2,753| 2,931

cent. per annum | ......| 15.60| 7.67| [a].21| 4.10| 1.07| .64

Slaves | 22,264| 59,404|105,218|149,654|217,531|280,944|381,682

Free Colored | 361| 309| 1,317| 2,727| 4,555| 5,524| 6,422

cent. per annum | ......|[a]1.44| 32.62| 10.70| 6.70| 2.12| 1.62

Slaves | 3,417| 13,584| 44,535| 80,107|141,603|183,050|239,459

Free Colored | ......| 182| 240| 458| 519| 1,366| 930

cent. per annum | ......| ......| 3.18| 9.08| 1.33| 16.31|[a]3.19

Slaves | ......| 3,489| 17,088| 32,814| 65,659|195,211|309,878

Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| 517| 1,572| 2,039| 2,265

per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| 17.53| 2.97| 1.10

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| 41,879|117,549|252,532|342,844

Free Colored | ......| ......| 607| 347| 596| 1,574| 2,618

cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......|[a]4.28| 6.39| 17.66| 6.63

Slaves | ......| ......| 3,011| 10,222| 25,091| 58,240| 87,422

Free Colored | 114| 741| 1,713| 2,759| 4,917| 7,317| 10,011

per annum | ......| 55.00| 13.11| 6.10| 7.82| 4.88| 3.68

Slaves | 11,830| 40,343| 80,561|126,732|165,213|182,258|210,981

===========================================================================

STATES AND CLASSES.| 1790. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850.

-------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------

Free Colored | ......| ......| 7,585| 10,476| 16,710| 25,502| 17,462

cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......| 3.81| 5.95| 5.26|[a]3.15

Slaves | ......| ......| 34,660| 69,064|109,588|168,452|244,809

Free Colored | ......| ......| 613| 457| 1,637| 3,598| 5,436

cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......|[a]2.54| 25.82| 11.97| 5.10

Slaves | ......| ......| 168| 917| 747| 331| ......

Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| ......| 844| 817| 932

cent. per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| ...... [a].31| 1.40

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| ......| 15,501| 25,717| 39,310

Free Colored | ......| ......| ......| 59| 141| 465| 608

per annum | ......| ......| ......| ......| 13.89| 2.29| 1.10

Slaves | ......| ......| ......| 1,617| 4,576| 19,935| 47,100

Free Colored | ......| ......| 120| 174| 261| 707| 2,583

per annum | ......| ......| ......| 4.50| 5.00| 17.08| 25.53

Slaves | ......| ......| 24| ......| 32| ......| ......

Free Colored | ......| 783| 2,549| 4,048| 6,152| 8,361| 10,059

per annum | ......| ......| 22.55| 5.88| 5.19| 3.59| 2.03

Slaves | ......| 3,244| 5,395| 6,377| 6,119| 4,694| 3,687

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTE:

[a] DECREASE.

TABLE V.

INFLUENCE OF THE COLORED POPULATION ON PUBLIC SENTIMENT.

TABLE SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF THE FREE COLORED

POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PORTIONS

OF THE STATE OF OHIO, BY COUNTIES, AS PRESENTED BY

THE CENSUS OF 1840 AND 1850, TOGETHER WITH THE

POPULAR VOTE FOR AND AGAINST THE ABOLITION

CANDIDATE, HON. S. P. CHASE, AT THE ELECTION FOR

GOVERNOR, OCTOBER, 1855.

=================================================

SOUTHERN COUNTIES. | MR. CHASE. ||

-------------------------------|---------------||

COUNTIES. | 1840. | 1850. | FOR |AGAINST||

---------------|-------|-------|-------|-------||

Hamilton, | 2,576| 3,600| 4,516| 18,764||

Clermont, | 122| 412| 2,434| 2,879||

Brown, | 614| 863| 1,571| 2,129||

Adams, | 63| 55| 1,139| 1,629||

Scioto, | 206| 211| 1,042| 1,497||

Lawrence, | 148| 326| 1,092| 1,067||

Gallia, | 799| 1,198| 344| 1,972||

Meigs, | 28| 52| 1,515| 1,504||

Jackson, | 315| 391| 714| 906||

Pike, | 329| 618| 641| 1,156||

Highland, | 786| 896| 1,209| 2,599||

Clinton, | 377| 598| 1,640| 964||

Warren, | 341| 602| 2,306| 1,821||

Butler, | 254| 367| 1,960| 3,235||

Preble, | 88| 77| 1,567| 1,326||

Montgomery, | 376| 249| 2,746| 3,830||

Greene, | 344| 654| 1,953| 1,357||

Fayette, | 239| 291| 909| 757||

Ross, | 1,195| 1,906| 2,160| 2,255||

Vinton, | [a]| 107| 722| 901||

Hocking, | 46| 117| 927| 1,199||

Pickaway, | 333| 412| 1,521| 1,862||

Fairfield, | 342| 280| 2,474| 2,726||

Perry, | 47| 29| 1,772| 1,540||

Athens, | 55| 106| 1,634| 1,072||

Washington, | 269| 390| 2,212| 1,774||

Morgan, | 68| 90| 1,776| 1,235||

Noble, | [a]| [b]| 1,361| 1,030||

Monroe, | 13| 69| 1,451| 1,901||

Belmont, | 742| 778| 1,755| 2,856||

Guernsey, | 190| 168| 1,893| 1,491||

Muskingum, | 562| 631| 2,551| 3,204||

Franklin, | 805| 1,607| 2,487| 4,033||

Madison, | 97| 78| 562| 1,012||

Clarke, | 20| 323| 1,866| 1,404||

Miami, | 211| 602| 1,787| 1,977||

Darke, | 200| 248| 1,685| 1,829||

Champaigne, | 328| 494| 1,353| 1,463||

Union, | 78| 128| 1,222| 829||

Delaware, | 76| 135| 1,602| 1,504||

Licking, | 140| 128| 2,021| 3,252||

Harrison, | 163| 287| 1,712| 1,259||

Jefferson, | 497| 665| 2,156| 1,654||

Shelby, | 262| 407| 955| 1,286||

|-------|-------|-------|-------||

Total, South, | 14,924| 21,745| 72,915| 95,941||

-------------------------------------------------

===============================================

NORTHERN COUNTIES. | MR. CHASE.

-------------------------------|---------------

COUNTIES. | 1840. | 1850. | FOR |AGAINST

---------------|-------|-------|-------|-------

Ashtabula, | 17| 43| 3,772| 1,156

Lake, | 21| 38| 1,640| 521

Geauga, | 3| 7| 1,816| 486

Cuyahoga, | 121| 359| 3,965| 3,545

Trumbull, | 70| 65| 3,109| 1,505

Portage, | 39| 58| 2,660| 1,871

Summit, | 42| 121| 2,242| 1,326

Medina, | 13| 35| 2,032| 1,526

Lorain, | 62| 264| 2,693| 919

Huron, | 106| 39| 2,295| 1,411

Erie, | 97| 202| 1,564| 1,191

Seneca, | 65| 151| 2,332| 1,976

Sandusky, | 41| 47| 1,382| 1,509

Ottawa, | 5| 1| 369| 406

Lucas, | 54| 139| 1,618| 1,156

Fulton, | [a]| 1| 715| 453

Williams, | 2| 0| 890| 878

Defiance, | [a]| 19| 592| 626

Henry, | 6| 0| 440| 511

Wood, | 32| 18| 1,099| 636

Paulding, | 0| 1| 362| 115

Putnam, | [a]| 11| 528| 858

Hancock, | 8| 26| 1,238| 1,359

Vanwert, | 0| 47| 602| 483

Allen, | 23| 27| 1,235| 929

Wyandott, | [a]| 49| 1,143| 1,106

Crawford, | 5| 10| 1,449| 1,753

Richland, | 65| 67| 2,220| 2,329

Ashland, | [a]| 3| 1,580| 1,660

Wayne, | 41| 28| 2,421| 2,585

Starke, | 204| 159| 3,343| 3,044

Mahoning, | [a]| 90| 1,592| 1,552

Columbiana, | 417| 182| 3,118| 2,170

Carroll, | 49| 52| 1,502| 1,082

Tuscarawas, | 71| 89| 2,552| 2,179

Coshocton, | 38| 44| 2,064| 2,014

Holmes, | 3| 5| 1,194| 1,675

Knox, | 63| 62| 2,166| 2,135

Morrow, | [a]| 18| 1,631| 1,371

Marion, | 52| 21| 1,220| 1,184

Hardin, | 4| 14| 903| 725

Logan, | 407| 536| 1,424| 1,119

Mercer, | 204| 399| 492| 968

Auglaise, | [a]| 87| 643| 1,286

|-------|-------|-------|-------

Total, North, | 2,450| 3,524| 73,877| 59,319

-----------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTES:

[a] Not organized in 1840.

[b] Not organized in 1850.

TABLE VI.

TOTAL COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE

AMOUNTS EXPORTED, THE CONSUMPTION OF THE UNITED

STATES, NORTH OF VIRGINIA, AND THE STOCK ON HAND,

SEPTEMBER 1, OF EACH YEAR, FROM 1840 TO 1859, IN

POUNDS.--_London Economist_, 1859.

=======================================================================

| | EXPORTS TO VARIOUS PLACES. |

YEARS.| TOTAL CROP. |-------------------------------------------------|

------|-------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|

1840 | 871,134,000|498,716,400|178,986,000| 72,698,800| 750,401,200|

1841 | 653,978,000|343,496,800|139,510,400| 42,303,600| 525,290,800|

1842 | 673,429,600|374,252,400|159,251,600| 52,594,800| 586,098,800|

1843 | 551,550,000|587,884,400|138,455,600| 77,714,800| 804,052,000|

1844 | 812,163,600|480,999,200|113,074,000| 57,722,800| 651,796,000|

1845 | 957,801,200|575,722,400|143,742,800|114,037,200| 433,502,400|

1846 | 840,214,800|440,497,600|143,881,200| 81,888,000| 666,716,800|

1847 | 711,460,400|332,363,600| 96,594,400| 67,530,800| 496,488,800|

1848 | 939,053,600|529,706,000|111,668,800|101,929,600|1,743,304,400|

1849 |1,091,437,600|615,160,400|147,303,600|128,672,400| 891,141,600|

1850 | 838,682,400|422,708,400|115,850,800| 77,502,800| 636,062,000|

1851 | 942,102,800|565,306,000|120,534,200|107,634,800| 795,484,000|

1852 |1,206,011,600|667,499,600|168,550,000|141,408,800| 977,458,400|

1853 |1,305,152,800|694,744,000|170,691,200|145,924,800|1,011,360,000|

1854 |1,172,010,800|641,500,000|149,623,200|136,536,000| 927,659,200|

1855 |1,138,935,600|619,886,400|163,972,400|113,824,000| 897,683,600|

1856 |1,411,138,000|768,554,400|192,254,800|221,033,200|1,181,842,400|

1857 |1,175,807,600|571,548,000|165,342,800|164,172,000| 901,062,800|

1858 |1,245,584,800|723,986,400|153,600,800|158,594,800|1,036,181,000|

1859 |1,606,800,000|...........|...........|...........|1,208,561,200|

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================

|CONSUMPTION OF |

YEARS.|U. S. NORTH OF | STOCK ON HAND

| VIRGINIA. | 1ST SEPTEMBER.

------|---------------|-----------------

1840 | 118,077,200 | 23,376,800

1841 | 118,915,200 | 28,991,600

1842 | 107,140,000 | 12,722,800

1843 | 130,051,600 | 37,794,400

1844 | 138,697,600 | 63,908,800

1845 | 155,602,400 | 39,368,000

1846 | 169,038,800 | 42,848,800

1847 | 171,186,800 | 85,934,800

1848 | 212,708,800 | 68,587,200

1849 | 207,215,600 | 61,901,200

1850 | 195,107,600 | 67,172,000

1851 | 161,643,200 | 51,321,600

1852 | 241,211,600 | 36,470,400

1853 | 268,403,600 | 54,257,200

1854 | 244,228,400 | 27,120,600

1855 | 237,433,600 | 28,667,200

1856 | 261,091,600 | 25,668,400

1857 | 280,855,200 | 17,703,200

1858 | 184,692,800 | 40,410,000

1859 | 304,087,200 | ..........

----------------------------------------

[Illustration: Right Index] Consumption for Virginia and South of that

State, for 1859, is estimated at 66,973,600 lbs. The _crop_ year closes,

August 31st.

TABLE VII.

STATEMENT OF THE VALUE OF COTTON MANUFACTURES, OF

FOREIGN PRODUCTION, WHICH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE

UNITED STATES; AND THE VALUE OF THE COTTON GOODS

MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES, AND EXPORTED,

DURING THE YEARS STATED--THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30.

===================================================================

| FOREIGN | DOMESTIC || | FOREIGN | DOMESTIC

YEARS.| IMPORTS. | EXPORTS. ||YEARS.| IMPORTS. | EXPORTS.

------|-------------|------------||------|-------------|-----------

1840. | $ 6,504,484 | $3,549,607 ||1850. | $20,108,719 | $4,734,424

1841. | 11,757,036 | 3,122,546 ||1851. | 22,164,442 | 7,241,205

1842. | 9,578,515 | 2,970,690 ||1852. | 19,689,496 | 7,672,151

1843. | 2,958,796 | 3,223,550 ||1853. | 27,731,313 | 8,768,894

1844. | 13,641,478 | 2,898,780 ||1854. | 33,949,503 | 5,535,516

1845. | 13,863,282 | 4,327,928 ||1855. | 17,757,112 | 5,857,181

1846. | 13,530,625 | 3,545,481 ||1856. | 25,917,999 | 6,967,309

1847. | 15,192,875 | 4,082,523 ||1857. | 28,685,726 | 6,115,177

1848. | 18,421,589 | 5,718,205 ||1858. | 17,965,130 | 5,651,504

1849. | 15,754,841 | 4,933,129 ||1859. | 26,026,140 | 8,316,222

--------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE. Of the goods imported, a part were re-exported, and the remainder

was used in the United States. The re-exports stood as follows,

beginning with 1840:--$1,103,489--$929,056--$836,892--$314,040--$404,648

--$502,553--$673,203--$486,135--$1,216,172--$571,082--$427,107--$677,940

--$977,030--$1,254,363--$1,468,179--$2,012,554--$1,580,495--$570,802--

$390,988.--_Congress Report on Finances._

STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF COFFEE IMPORTED

INTO THE UNITED STATES ANNUALLY, WITH THE AMOUNT

TAKEN FOR CONSUMPTION, DURING THE YEARS 1850 TO

1858, INCLUSIVE--THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31.

===============================================

YEARS.| RECEIPTS. | CONSUMPTION.

------|--------------------|-------------------

1850. | lbs. 152,580,310 | lbs. 134,539,736

1851. | 216,043,870 | 181,225,700

1852. | 205,542,855 | 204,991,595

1853. | 193,112,300 | 175,687,790

1854. | 182,473,853 | 179,481,083

1855. | 283,214,533 | 210,378,287

1856. | 230,913,150 | 218,225,490

1857. | 217,871,839 | 172,565,934

1858. | 227,656,186 | 251,255,099

-----------------------------------------------

NOTE. The New York _Shipping and Commercial List_, to which we are

indebted for these statements, says, that it includes the quantity

withdrawn from our markets, and forwarded inland to Canada and the

British Provinces; the amount of which is not ascertained, but will not

vary greatly from 2,230,000 lbs., for the last year.

TABLE VIII.

STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE VALUE OF THE EXPORTS FROM

THE UNITED STATES, OF BREADSTUFFS AND PROVISIONS;

THE AMOUNT AND VALUE OF COTTON EXPORTED, WITH THE

AVERAGE COST, IN CENTS, PER POUND; AND THE AMOUNT

OF TOBACCO EXPORTED, FROM 1821 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE:

THE YEAR FROM 1821 TO 1842 ENDING SEPTEMBER 30,

AND FROM 1844 TO 1859 ENDING JUNE 30,--THE YEAR

1843 INCLUDING ONLY NINE MONTHS.

===========================================================================

| | COTTON. |AVERAGE |

|BREADSTUFFS |------------------------------|COST PER |

-----|------------|---------------|--------------|---------|---------------

1821 | $12,341,901| 124,893,405| $20,157,484| 16.2 | $5,648,962

1822 | 13,886,856| 144,675,095| 24,035,058| 16.6 | 6,222,838

1823 | 13,767,847| 173,723,270| 20,445,520| 11.8 | 6,282,672

1824 | 15,059,484| 142,369,663| 21,947,401| 15.4 | 4,855,566

1825 | 11,634,449| 176,449,907| 36,846,649| 20.9 | 6,115,623

1826 | 11,303,496| 204,535,415| 25,025,214| 12.2 | 5,347,208

1827 | 11,685,556| 294,310,115| 29,359,545| 10 | 6,577,123

1828 | 11,461,144| 210,590,463| 22,487,229| 10.7 | 5,269,960

1829 | 13,131,858| 264,837,186| 26,575,311| 10 | 4,982,974

1830 | 12,075,430| 298,459,102| 29,674,883| 9.9 | 5,586,365

1831 | 17,538,227| 276,979,784| 25,289,492| 9.1 | 4,892,388

1832 | 12,424,703| 322,215,122| 31,724,682| 9.8 | 5,999,769

1833 | 14,209,128| 324,698,604| 36,191,105| 11.1 | 5,755,968

1834 | 11,524,024| 384,717,907| 49,448,402| 12.8 | 6,595,305

1835 | 12,009,399| 387,358,992| 64,961,302| 16.8 | 8,250,577

1836 | 10,614,130| 423,631,307| 71,284,925| 16.8 | 10,058,640

1837 | 9,588,359| 444,211,537| 63,240,102| 14.2 | 5,795,647

1838 | 9,636,650| 595,952,297| 61,566,811| 10.3 | 7,392,029

1839 | 14,147,779| 413,624,212| 61,238,982| 14.8 | 9,832,943

1840 | 19,067,535| 743,941,061| 63,870,307| 8.5 | 9,883,957

1841 | 17,196,102| 530,204,100| 54,330,341| 10.2 | 12,576,703

1842 | 16,902,876| 584,717,017| 47,593,464| 8.1 | 9,540,755

1843 | 11,204,123| 792,297,106| 49,119,806| 6.2 | 4,650,979

1844 | 17,970,135| 663,633,455| 54,063,501| 8.1 | 8,397,255

1845 | 16,743,421| 872,905,996| 51,739,643| 5.92 | 7,469,819

1846 | 27,701,121| 547,558,055| 42,767,341| 7.81 | 8,478,270

1847 | 68,701,921| 527,219,958| 53,415,848| 10.34 | 7,242,086

1848 | 37,472,751| 814,274,431| 61,998,294| 7.61 | 7,551,122

1849 | 38,155,507| 1,026,602,269| 66,396,967| 6.4 | 5,804,207

1850 | 26,051,373| 635,381,604| 71,984,616| 11.3 | 9,951,023

1851 | 21,948,651| 927,237,089| 112,315,317| 12.11 | 9,219,251

1852 | 25,857,027| 1,093,230,639| 87,965,732| 8.05 | 10,031,283

1853 | 32,985,322| 1,111,570,370| 109,456,404| 9.85 | 11,319,319

1854 | 65,941,323| 987,833,106| 93,596,220| 9.47 | 10,016,046

1855 | 38,895,348| 1,008,424,601| 88,143,844| 8.74 | 14,712,468

1856 | 77,187,301| 1,351,431,701| 128,382,351| 9.49 | 12,221,843

1857 | 74,667,852| 1,048,282,475| 131,575,859| 12.55 | 20,662,772

1858 | 50,683,285| 1,118,624,012| 131,386,661| 11.70 | 17,009,767

1859 | 38,171,881| 1,372,755,006| 161,434,923| 11.75 | 21,074,038

|------------|---------------|--------------| |---------------

|$961,545,275|$23,366,357,434|$2,383,027,536| |$339,274,520

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE. The articles exported which are not included above, are as

follows, for 1859:--product of the sea, $4,462,974; product of the

forest, $14,489,406; cotton piece goods, manufactured tobacco, spirits,

seeds, hemp, and various other articles, $31,579,008. The value of the

manufactured tobacco, exported in 1859, and included in the last item,

was over $3,334,401, which, added to the $21,074,038, of unmanufactured

included above, makes the total exports of tobacco for that year amount

to $24,408,439.

TABLE IX.

STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE VALUE OF FOREIGN GOODS

IMPORTED AND TAKEN FOR CONSUMPTION, IN THE UNITED

STATES; THE VALUE OF DOMESTIC PRODUCE OF THE

UNITED STATES EXPORTED, EXCLUSIVE OF SPECIE; THE

VALUE OF SPECIE AND BULLION IMPORTED, AND THE

VALUE OF SPECIE AND BULLION EXPORTED, FROM 1821 TO

1859 INCLUSIVE: THE YEAR FROM 1821 TO 1842 ENDING

SEPTEMBER 30, AND FROM 1844 TO 1859 ENDING JUNE

30,--THE YEAR 1843 INCLUDING ONLY NINE MONTHS.

=====================================================================

|IMPORTS ENTERED |DOMESTIC PRODUCE |

|FOR CONSUMPTION,|EXPORTED, | SPECIE AND BULLION.

YEARS.|EXCLUSIVE OF |EXCLUSIVE OF |---------------------------

|SPECIE. |SPECIE. | IMPORTED. | EXPORTED.

------|----------------|-----------------|-------------|-------------

1821 | $43,696,405 | $43,671,894 | $8,064,890 | $10,477,969

1822 | 68,367,425 | 49,874,079 | 3,369,846 | 10,810,180

1823 | 51,308,936 | 47,155,408 | 5,097,896 | 6,372,987

1824 | 53,846,567 | 50,649,500 | 8,379,835 | 7,014,552

1825 | 66,375,722 | 66,944,745 | 6,150,765 | 8,787,659

1826 | 57,652,577 | 52,449,855 | 6,880,966 | 4,704,533

1827 | 54,901,108 | 57,878,117 | 8,151,130 | 8,014,880

1828 | 66,975,475 | 49,976,632 | 7,489,741 | 8,243,476

1829 | 54,741,571 | 55,087,307 | 7,403,612 | 4,924,020

1830 | 49,575,009 | 58,524,878 | 8,155,964 | 2,178,773

1831 | 82,808,110 | 59,218,583 | 7,305,945 | 9,014,931

1832 | 75,327,688 | 61,726,529 | 5,907,504 | 5,656,340

1833 | 83,470,067 | 69,950,856 | 7,070,368 | 2,611,701

1834 | 86,973,147 | 80,623,662 | 17,911,632 | 2,076,758

1835 | 122,007,974 | 100,459,481 | 13,131,447 | 6,477,775

1836 | 158,811,392 | 106,570,942 | 13,400,881 | 4,324,336

1837 | 113,310,571 | 94,280,895 | 10,516,414 | 5,976,249

1838 | 86,552,598 | 95,560,880 | 17,747,116 | 3,508,046

1839 | 145,870,816 | 101,625,533 | 8,595,176 | 8,776,743

1840 | 86,250,335 | 111,660,561 | 8,882,813 | 8,417,014

1841 | 114,776,309 | 103,636,236 | 4,988,633 | 10,034,332

1842 | 87,996,318 | 91,798,242 | 4,087,016 | 4,813,539

1843 | 37,294,129 | 77,686,354 | 22,390,559 | 1,520,791

1844 | 96,390,548 | 99,531,774 | 5,830,429 | 5,454,214

1845 | 105,599,541 | 98,455,330 | 4,070,242 | 8,606,495

1846 | 110,048,859 | 101,718,042 | 3,777,732 | 3,905,268

1847 | 116,257,595 | 150,574,844 | 24,121,289 | 1,907,024

1848 | 140,651,902 | 130,203,709 | 6,360,224 | 15,841,616

1849 | 132,565,168 | 131,710,081 | 6,651,240 | 5,404,648

1850 | 164,032,033 | 134,900,233 | 4,628,792 | 7,522,994

1851 | 200,476,219 | 178,620,138 | 5,453,592 | 29,472,752

1852 | 195,072,695 | 154,931,147 | 5,505,044 | 42,674,135

1853 | 251,071,358 | 189,869,162 | 4,201,382 | 27,486,875

1854 | 275,955,893 | 215,156,304 | 6,958,184 | 41,436,456

1855 | 231,650,340 | 192,751,135 | 3,659,812 | 56,247,343

1856 | 295,650,938 | 266,438,051 | 4,207,632 | 45,745,485

1857 | 333,511,295 | 278,906,713 | 12,461,799 | 69,136,922

1858 | 242,678,413 | 251,351,033 | 19,274,496 | 52,633,147

1859 | 324,258,159 | 278,392,080 | 7,434,789 | 63,887,411

|----------------|-----------------|-------------|-------------

|$5,064,761,199 |$4,540,620,945 |$332,476,827 | $522,100,369

---------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE. There is usually re-exported from twenty to thirty million dollars

worth of the foreign articles imported. In 1859 the re-exports were to

the value of $14,509,971; in 1858 they were $30,886,142; in 1857 they

were $23,975,617; and in 1856, but $16,378,578. By adding the re-exports

to the imports entered for consumption, the product will show the whole

amount of the imports. The above figures are from the Congressional

Report on Finances, 1857-8, and the Report on Commerce and Navigation,

1859.

TABLE X.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF CANE SUGAR

CONSUMED IN THE UNITED STATES, ANNUALLY, WITH THE

PROPORTIONS THAT ARE DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN, DURING

THE YEARS STATED--THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31.

----------------------------------------------------------------

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

YEARS. | FOREIGN. | DOMESTIC. | TOTAL.

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

1850. | lbs. 319,420,800 | lbs. 283,183,040 | lbs. 603,603,840

1851. | 406,530,880 | 240,661,120 | 646,206,400

1852. | 440,289,920 | 265,796,160 | 706,086,080

1853. | 449,366,400 | 386,128,960 | 835,495,360

1854. | 337,912,960 | 522,954,560 | 863,067,520

1855. | 431,432,960 | 304,731,520 | 846,164,480

1856. | 594,254,080 | 276,568,320 | 848,422,400

1857. | 541,553,600 | 87,360,000 | 628,913,600

1858. | 548,257,920 | 310,740,160 | 870,222,080

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT, IN GALLONS, OF

MOLASSES CONSUMED IN THE UNITED STATES, ANNUALLY,

WITH THE PROPORTIONS WHICH ARE FOREIGN OR

DOMESTIC, DURING THE YEARS STATED--THE YEAR ENDING

DECEMBER 31.

----------------------------------------------------------------

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

YEARS. | FOREIGN. | DOMESTIC. | TOTAL.

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

1850. | Gals. 24,806,949 | Gals. 12,202,300 | Gals. 37,019,249

1851. | 33,238,278 | 10,709,740 | 43,948,018

1852. | 29,417,511 | 18,840,000 | 48,258,511

1853. | 28,576,821 | 26,930,000 | 55,536,821

1854. | 24,437,019 | 32,053,000 | 56,493,019

1855. | 23,533,423 | 24,251,207 | 47,266,085

1856. | 23,014,878 | 16,584,000 | 39,608,878

1857. | 23,266,404 | 5,242,380 | 28,508,784

1858. | 24,795,374 | 20,373,790 | 45,169,164

-------|------------------|------------------|------------------

NOTE. The above table is taken from the _Shipping and Commercial List,

and New York Price Current_, January 22, 1859. The sources of supply are

the same as when the first edition went to press, and the proportions

from slave labor and free labor countries respectively, has undergone

very little change. The year ends December 31st, while the Congressional

fiscal year ends June 30th.

The value of imports of Sugar, for the year ending June 30, 1858, from a

few principal countries, stood thus: Cuba, $15,555,409; Porto Rico,

$3,584,503; British West Indies, $386,546; British Guiana, $255,481;

British Honduras, $26; Hayti, $851; San Domingo, $5,529.

TABLE XI.

COTTON IMPORTED INTO GREAT BRITAIN FROM VARIOUS

COUNTRIES, QUANTITY RE-EXPORTED, AND STOCK ON HAND

DECEMBER 31, FOR A SERIES OF YEARS, IN POUNDS. BY

DEDUCTING THE EXPORTS AND THE STOCK ON HAND AT THE

END OF EACH YEAR FROM THE WHOLE IMPORTS, THE

REMAINDER IS THE QUANTITY TAKEN FOR CONSUMPTION.

==========================================================================

WEST

FROM FROM FROM INDIES

------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+--------------------+

1840.|487,856,504|14,779,171 | 8,324,937| 77,011,839| 866,157|3,649,402 |

1841.|358,240,964|16,671,348 | 9,097,180| 97,388,153|1,533,197|5,061,513 |

1842.|414,030,779|15,222,828 | 4,489,017| 92,972,609| 593,603|4,441,250 |

1843.|574,738,520|18,675,123 | 9,674,076| 65,709,729|1,260,444|3,135,224 |

1844.|517,218,662|21,084,744 |12,406,327| 88,639,776|1,707,194|5,054,641 |

1845.|626,650,412|20,157,633 |14,614,699| 58,437,426|1,394,447| 725,336 |

1846.|401,949,393|14,746,321 |14,278,447| 34,540,143|1,201,857|1,140,113 |

1847.|364,599,291|19,966,922 | 4,814,268| 83,934,614| 793,933| 598,587 |

1848.|600,247,488|19,971,378 | 7,231,861| 84,101,961| 640,437| 827,036 |

1849.|634,504,050|30,738,133 |17,369,843| 70,838,515| 944,307|1,074,164 |

1850.|493,153,112|30,299,982 |18,931,414|118,872,742| 228,913|2,090,698 |

1851.|596,638,962|19,339,104 |16,950,525|122,626,976| 446,529|1,377,653 |

1852.|765,630,544|26,506,144 |48,058,640| 84,922,432| 703,696|3,960,992 |

1853.|658,451,796|24,190,628 |28,353,575|181,848,160| 350,428|2,084,162 |

1854.|722,151,346|19,703,600 |23,503,003|119,836,009| 409,110|1,730,081 |

1855.|681,629,424|24,577,952 |32,904,153|145,179,216| 468,452|6,992,755 |

1856.|780,040,016|21,830,704 |34,616,848|180,496,624| 462,784|6,439,328 |

1857.|654,758,048|29,910,832 |24,882,144|250,338,144|1,443,568|7,986,160 |

1858.|732,403,840|16,466,800 |34,867,840|138,253,360| 9,862,272 |

-----+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+--------------------+

=============================================

| TOTAL | AMOUNT | STOCKS,

YEARS.| IMPORTED. | EXPORTED. |DECEMBER 31.

------+-------------+-----------+------------+

1840.| 592,488,010| 38,673,229|233,600,000

1841.| 487,992,355| 37,673,586|247,760,000

1842.| 531,750,086| 45,251,248|269,760,000

1843.| 673,193,116| 39,620,000|368,280,000

1844.| 646,111,304| 47,222,560|414,760,000

1845.| 721,979,953| 42,916,384|478,160,000

1846.| 467,856,274| 65,930,704|263,520,000

1847.| 474,707,615| 74,954,320|204,760,000

1848.| 713,020,161| 74,019,792|239,440,000

1849.| 755,469,012| 98,893,536|263,760,000

1850.| 663,576,861|102,469,696|248,960,000

1851.| 757,379,749|111,980,400|237,600,000

1852.| 929,782,448|111,894,303|322,960,000

1853.| 895,278,749|148,596,680|327,000,000

1854.| 887,333,149|123,326,112|282,520,000

1855.| 891,751,952|124,368,100|226,600,000

1856.|1,023,886,304|146,660,864|197,080,000

1857.| 969,318,896|131,928,720|217,040,000

1858.| 931,847,056|153,035,680|184,782,000

-----+-------------+-----------+-----------

AVERAGE WEEKLY CONSUMPTION OF COTTON IN EUROPE, FOR A SERIES OF YEARS,

IN POUNDS.[135]

==================================================================

COUNTRIES. | 1850. | 1851. | 1852. | 1853. |

---------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|

France | 2,830,800| 2,869,200| 4,230,000| 3,607,200|

Belgium | 453,600| 446,000| 653,600| 615,200|

Holland | 415,200| 415,200| 546,000| 469,200|

Germany | 661,200| 846,000| 976,800| 1,107,600|

Trieste | 915,200| 884,400| 1,038,400| 792,400|

Genoa, Naples, etc. | 223,200| 238,400| 376,800| 392,000|

Spain | 592,400| 707,200| 730,400| 653,600|

Russia, Norway, etc. | 1,169,200| 1,169,200| 1,622,800| 1,600,000|

|----------|----------|----------|----------|

Total on Continent | 7,260,800| 7,575,600|10,174,800| 9,237,200|

Add Great Britain |11,650,000|12,795,200|14,316,000|14,545,200|

|----------|----------|----------|----------|

European Consumption |18,910,800|20,370,800|24,490,800|23,882,400|

------------------------------------------------------------------

============================================================================

COUNTRIES. | 1854. | 1855. | 1856. | 1857. | 1858.

---------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

France | 3,400,000| 3,684,400| 4,046,000| 3,438,400|

Belgium | 538,400| 484,400| 615,200| 438,400|

Holland | 661,200| 684,400| 761,200| 753,200|

Germany | 1,592,400| 822,800| 1,900,000| 444,800|

Trieste | 715,200| 651,200| 746,000| 576,800|

Genoa, Naples, etc. | 322,800| 439,400| 846,000| 692,000|

Spain | 715,200| 876,800| 938,400| 692,000|

Russia, Norway, etc. | 1,030,800| 961,600| 1,769,200| 1,538,400|

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

Total on Continent | 8,976,000| 9,414,000|11,622,000| 9,786,000|

Add Great Britain |15,131,600|16,161,200|16,794,800|15,626,000|16,533,200

|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------

European Consumption |24,107,600|25,575,200|28,416,800|25,412,000|

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOOTNOTE:

[135] The _London Economist_, from which we copy, observes, that the

figures in this table differ slightly from some other estimates, as must

be the case in all computations that are not official, but that from

examination it has reason to think them as near the truth as any

practical object can require. The quantities consumed in each country

include the direct imports from the producing countries, as well as the

indirect imports, chiefly from England. The consumption on the

Continent, for 1858, was not known. January 15, 1859, the date of

publication of the _Economist_. The bales are estimated at 400 lbs.

each.

TABLE XII.

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF THE VALUE OF EXPORTS OF THE

GROWTH, PRODUCE, AND MANUFACTURE OF THE UNITED

STATES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1859; THE

PRODUCTIONS OF THE NORTH AND OF THE SOUTH,

RESPECTIVELY, BEING PLACED IN OPPOSITE COLUMNS;

AND THE ARTICLES OF A MIXED ORIGIN BEING STATED

SEPARATELY.--_Report on Com. and Nav._, 1859.

==============================================================================

EXPORTS OF THE NORTH. | EXPORTS OF THE SOUTH.

PRODUCT OF THE FOREST. | PRODUCT OF THE FOREST.

Wood and its products, $7,829,666 | Wood and its products, $2,210,884

Ashes, pot and pearl, 643,861 | Tar and pitch 141,058

Ginseng, 54,204 | Rosin and turpentine, 2,248,381

Skins and furs, 1,361,352 | Spirits of turpentine, 1,306,035

PRODUCT OF AGRICULTURE. | PRODUCT OF AGRICULTURE.

Animals and their products, 15,262,769 | Animals and their products, 287,048

Wheat and wheat flour, 15,113,455 | Wheat and wheat flour, 2,169,328

Indian corn and meal, 2,206,396 | Indian corn and meal, 110,976

Other grains, biscuit, and | Biscuit or ship bread, 12,864

vegetables, 2,226,585 | Rice, 2,207,148

Hemp, and Clover seed, 546,060 | Cotton, 161,434,923

Flax seed, 8,177 | Tobacco, in leaf, 21,074,038

Hops, 53,016 | Brown sugar, 196,935

----------- | ------------

$45,305,541 | $193,399,618

ARTICLES OF MIXED ORIGIN.

Refined sugar, wax, chocolate, molasses, $ 550,937

Spirituous liquors, ale, porter, beer, cider, vinegar, linseed oil, 1,370,787

Household furniture, carriages, rail-road cars, etc. 1,722,797

Hats, fur, silk, palm leaf, saddlery, trunks, valises, 317,727

Tobacco, manufactured and snuff, 3,402,491

Gunpowder, leather, boots, shoes, cables, cordage, 2,011,931

Salt, lead, iron and its manufactures, 5,744,952

Copper and brass, and manufactures of, 1,048,246

Drugs and medicines, candles and soap, 1,933,973

Cotton fabrics of all kinds, 8,316,222

Other products of manufactures and mechanics, 3,852,910

Coal and ice, 818,117

Products not enumerated, 4,132,857

Gold and silver, in coin and bullion, 57,502,305

Products of the sea, being oil, fish, whalebone, etc. 4,462,974

------------

$97,189,226

Add Northern exports, 45,305,541

Add Southern exports, 193,399,618

------------

Total exports, $335,894,385

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXPLANATORY NOTE.--The whole of the exports from the ports of Delaware,

Baltimore, and New Orleans, are placed in the column of Northern

exports, because there is no means of determining what proportion of

them were from free or slave States, and it has been thought best to

give this advantage to the North. Taking into the account only the

heavier amounts, the exports from these ports foot up $11,287,898; of

which near one-half consisted of provisions and lumber. The total

imports for the year were $338,768,130. Of this $20,895,077 were

re-exported, which, added to the domestic exports, makes the total

exports $356,789,462, thus leaving a balance in our favor of

$18,021,332.

[Illustration]

LIBERTY AND SLAVERY:

OR,

SLAVERY IN THE LIGHT OF MORAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.

ALBERT TAYLOR BLEDSOE, LL. D.,

PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.

LIBERTY AND SLAVERY:

OR,

SLAVERY IN THE LIGHT OF MORAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY,

INTRODUCTION.

THIS work has, for the most part, been thought out for several years,

and various portions of it reduced to writing. Though we have long

cherished the design of preparing it for the press, yet other

engagements, conspiring with a spirit of procrastination, have hitherto

induced us to defer the execution of this design. Nor should we have

prosecuted it, as we have done, during a large portion of our last

summer vacation, and the leisure moments of the first two months of the

present session of the University, but for the solicitation of two

intelligent and highly-esteemed friends. In submitting the work, as it

now is, to the judgment of the truth-loving and impartial reader, we beg

leave to offer one or two preliminary remarks.

We have deemed it wise and proper to notice only the more decent,

respectable, and celebrated among the abolitionists of the North. Those

scurrilous writers, who deal in wholesale abuse of Southern character,

we have deemed unworthy of notice. Their writings are, no doubt, adapted

to the taste of their readers; but as it is certain that no educated

gentleman will tolerate them, so we would not raise a finger to promote

their downfall, nor to arrest their course toward the oblivion which so

inevitably awaits them.

In replying to the others, we are conscious that we have often used

strong language; for which, however, we have no apology to offer. We

have dealt with their arguments and positions rather than with their

motives and characters. If, in pursuing this course, we have often

spoken strongly, we merely beg the reader to consider whether we have

not also spoken justly. We have certainly not spoken without

provocation. For even these men--the very lights and ornaments of

abolitionism--have seldom condescended to argue the great question of

Liberty and Slavery with us as with equals. On the contrary, they

habitually address us as if nothing but a purblind ignorance of the very

first elements of moral science could shield our minds against the force

of their irresistible arguments. In the overflowing exuberance of their

philanthropy, they take pity of our most lamentable moral darkness, and

graciously condescend to teach us the very A B C of ethical philosophy!

Hence, if we have deemed it a duty to lay bare their pompous inanities,

showing them to be no oracles, and to strip their pitiful sophisms of

the guise of a profound philosophy, we trust that no impartial reader

will take offense at such vindication of the South against her accusers

and despisers.

In this vindication, we have been careful throughout to distinguish

between the abolitionists, our accusers, and the great body of the

people of the North. Against these we have said nothing, and we could

say nothing; since for these we entertain the most profound respect. We

have only assailed those by whom we have been assailed; and we have held

each and every man responsible only for what he himself has said and

done. We should, indeed, despise ourselves if we could be guilty of the

monstrous injustice of denouncing a whole people on account of the

sayings and doings of a portion of them. We had infinitely rather suffer

such injustice--as we have so long done--than practice it toward others.

We cannot flatter ourselves, of course, that the following work is

without errors. But these, whatever else may be thought of them, are not

the errors of haste and inconsideration. For if we have felt deeply on

the subject here discussed, we have also thought long, and patiently

endeavored to guard our minds against fallacy. How far this effort has

proved successful, it is the province of the candid and impartial reader

alone to decide. If our arguments and views are unsound, we hope he will

reject them. On the contrary, if they are correct and well-grounded, we

hope he will concur with us in the conclusion, that the institution of

slavery, as it exists among us at the South, is founded in political

justice, is in accordance with the will of GOD and the designs of his

providence, and is conducive to the highest, purest, best interests of

mankind.

CHAPTER I.

THE NATURE OF CIVIL LIBERTY.

The commonly-received definition of Civil

Liberty.--Examination of the commonly-received

definition of Civil Liberty.--No good law ever

limits or abridges the Natural Liberty of

Mankind.--The distinction between Rights and

Liberty.--The Relation between the State of Nature

and Civil Society.--Inherent and Inalienable

Rights.--Conclusion of the First Chapter.

FEW subjects, if any, more forcibly demand our attention, by their

intrinsic grandeur and importance, than the great doctrine of human

liberty. Correct views concerning this are, indeed, so intimately

connected with the most profound interests, as well as with the most

exalted aspirations, of the human race, that any material departure

therefrom must be fraught with evil to the living, as well as to

millions yet unborn. They are so inseparably interwoven with all that is

great and good and glorious in the destiny of man, that whosoever aims

to form or to propagate such views should proceed with the utmost care,

and, laying aside all prejudice and passion, be guided by the voice of

reason alone.

Hence it is to be regretted--deeply regretted--that the doctrine of

liberty has so often been discussed with so little apparent care, with

so little moral earnestness, with so little real energetic searching and

longing after truth. Though its transcendent importance demands the best

exertion of all our powers, yet has it been, for the most part, a theme

for passionate declamation, rather than of severe analysis or of

protracted and patient investigation. In the warm praises of the

philosopher, no less than in the glowing inspirations of the poet, it

often stands before us as a vague and ill-defined _something_ which all

men are required to worship, but which no man is bound to understand. It

would seem, indeed, as if it were a mighty something not to be clearly

seen, but only to be deeply felt. And felt it has been, too, by the

ignorant as well as by the learned, by the simple as well as by the

wise: felt as a fire in the blood, as a fever in the brain, and as a

phantom in the imagination, rather than as a form of light and beauty in

the intelligence. How often have the powers of darkness surrounded its

throne, and desolation marked its path! How often from the altars of

this _unknown idol_ has the blood of human victims streamed! Even here,

in this glorious land of ours, how often do the _too-religious_

Americans seem to become deaf to the most appalling lessons of the past,

while engaged in the frantic worship of this their tutelary deity! At

this very moment, the highly favored land in which we live is convulsed

from its centre to its circumference, by the agitations of these pious

devotees of freedom; and how long ere scenes like those which called

forth the celebrated exclamation of Madame Roland--"O Liberty, what

crimes are perpetrated in thy name!" may be enacted among us, it is not

possible for human sagacity or foresight to determine.

If no one would talk about liberty except those who had taken the pains

to understand it, then would a perfect calm be restored, and peace once

more bless a happy people. But there are so many who imagine they

understand liberty as Falstaff knew the true prince, namely, by

instinct, that all hope of such a consummation must be deferred until it

may be shown that their instinct is a blind guide, and its oracles are

false. Hence the necessity of a close study and of a clear analysis of

the nature and conditions of civil liberty, in order to a distinct

delineation of the great idol, which all men are so ready to worship,

but which so few are willing to take the pains to understand. In the

prosecution of such an inquiry, we intend to consult neither the

pecuniary interests of the South nor the prejudices of the North; but

calmly and immovably proceed to discuss, upon purely scientific

principles, this great problem of our social existence and national

prosperity, upon the solution of which the hopes and destinies of

mankind in no inconsiderable measure depend. We intend no appeal to

passion or to sordid interest, but only to the reason of the wise and

good. And if justice, or mercy, or truth, be found at war with the

institution of slavery, then, in the name of God, let slavery perish.

But however guilty, still let it be tried, condemned, and executed

according to law, and not extinguished by a despotic and lawless power

more terrific than itself.

§ I. _The commonly-received definition of civil liberty._

"Civil liberty," says Blackstone, "is no other than natural liberty so

far restrained as is necessary and expedient for the general advantage."

This definition seems to have been borrowed from Locke, who says that,

when a man enters into civil society, "he is to part with so much of his

_natural liberty_, in providing for himself, as the good, prosperity,

and safety of the society shall require." So, likewise, say Paley,

Berlamaqui, Rutherforth, and a host of others. Indeed, among jurists and

philosophers, such seems to be the commonly-received definition of civil

liberty. It seems to have become a political maxim that civil liberty is

no other than a certain portion of our natural liberty, which has been

carved therefrom, and secured to us by the protection of the laws.

But is this a sound maxim? Has it been deduced from the nature of

things, or is it merely a plausible show of words? Is it truth--solid

and imperishable truth--or merely one of those fair semblances of truth,

which, through the too hasty sanction of great names, have obtained a

currency among men? The question is not what Blackstone, or Locke, or

Paley may have thought, but what is truth? Let us examine this point,

then, in order that our decision may be founded, not upon the authority

of man, but, if possible, in the wisdom of God.

§ II. _Examination of the commonly-received definition of civil

liberty._

"'There are very few indeed who arrive here with