Keats fell by a criticism. Who was it died of “The Andromache”?

{*1} Ignoble souls!—De L’Omelette perished of an ortolan.

_L’histoire en est brève_. Assist me, Spirit of Apicius!

A golden cage bore the little winged wanderer, enamored, melting,

indolent, to the _Chaussée D’Antin_, from its home in far Peru.

From its queenly possessor La Bellissima, to the Duc De

L’Omelette, six peers of the empire conveyed the happy bird.

That night the Duc was to sup alone. In the privacy of his bureau

he reclined languidly on that ottoman for which he sacrificed his

loyalty in outbidding his king—the notorious ottoman of Cadêt.

He buries his face in the pillow. The clock strikes! Unable to

restrain his feelings, his Grace swallows an olive. At this

moment the door gently opens to the sound of soft music, and lo!

the most delicate of birds is before the most enamored of men!

But what inexpressible dismay now overshadows the countenance of

the Duc?—“_Horreur!—chien! Baptiste!—l’oiseau! ah, bon Dieu! cet

oiseau modeste que tu as déshabillé de ses plumes, et que tu as

servi sans papier!_” It is superfluous to say more:—the Duc

expired in a paroxysm of disgust.

“Ha! ha! ha!” said his Grace on the third day after his decease.

“He! he! he!” replied the Devil faintly, drawing himself up with

an air of _hauteur_.

“Why, surely you are not serious,” retorted De L’Omelette. “I

have sinned—c’est vrai—but, my good sir, consider!—you have no

actual intention of putting such—such barbarous threats into

execution.”

“No _what?_” said his majesty—“come, sir, strip!”

“Strip, indeed! very pretty i’ faith! no, sir, I shall _not_

strip. Who are you, pray, that I, Duc De L’Omelette, Prince de

Foie-Gras, just come of age, author of the ‘Mazurkiad,’ and

Member of the Academy, should divest myself at your bidding of

the sweetest pantaloons ever made by Bourdon, the daintiest

_robe-de-chambre_ ever put together by Rombêrt—to say nothing of

the taking my hair out of paper—not to mention the trouble I

should have in drawing off my gloves?”

“Who am I?—ah, true! I am Baal-Zebub, Prince of the Fly. I took

thee, just now, from a rose-wood coffin inlaid with ivory. Thou

wast curiously scented, and labelled as per invoice. Belial sent

thee,—my Inspector of Cemeteries. The pantaloons, which thou

sayest were made by Bourdon, are an excellent pair of linen

drawers, and thy _robe-de-chambre_ is a shroud of no scanty

dimensions.”

“Sir!” replied the Duc, “I am not to be insulted with

impunity!—Sir! I shall take the earliest opportunity of avenging

this insult!—Sir! you shall hear from me! in the meantime _au

revoir!_”—and the Duc was bowing himself out of the Satanic

presence, when he was interrupted and brought back by a gentleman

in waiting. Hereupon his Grace rubbed his eyes, yawned, shrugged

his shoulders, reflected. Having become satisfied of his

identity, he took a bird’s eye view of his whereabouts.

The apartment was superb. Even De L’Omelette pronounced it _bien

comme il faut_. It was not its length nor its breadth,—but its

height—ah, that was appalling!—There was no ceiling—certainly

none—but a dense whirling mass of fiery-colored clouds. His

Grace’s brain reeled as he glanced upward. From above, hung a

chain of an unknown blood-red metal—its upper end lost, like the

city of Boston, _parmi les nues_. From its nether extremity swung

a large cresset. The Duc knew it to be a ruby; but from it there

poured a light so intense, so still, so terrible, Persia never

worshipped such—Gheber never imagined such—Mussulman never

dreamed of such when, drugged with opium, he has tottered to a

bed of poppies, his back to the flowers, and his face to the God

Apollo. The Duc muttered a slight oath, decidedly approbatory.

The corners of the room were rounded into niches. Three of these

were filled with statues of gigantic proportions. Their beauty

was Grecian, their deformity Egyptian, their _tout ensemble_

French. In the fourth niche the statue was veiled; it was _not_

colossal. But then there was a taper ankle, a sandalled foot. De

L’Omelette pressed his hand upon his heart, closed his eyes,

raised them, and caught his Satanic Majesty—in a blush.

But the paintings!—Kupris! Astarte! Astoreth!—a thousand and the

same! And Rafaelle has beheld them! Yes, Rafaelle has been here,

for did he not paint the—? and was he not consequently damned?

The paintings—the paintings! O luxury! O love!—who, gazing on

those forbidden beauties, shall have eyes for the dainty devices

of the golden frames that besprinkled, like stars, the hyacinth

and the porphyry walls?

But the Duc’s heart is fainting within him. He is not, however,

as you suppose, dizzy with magnificence, nor drunk with the

ecstatic breath of those innumerable censers. _C’est vrai que de

toutes ces choses il a pensé beaucoup—mais!_ The Duc De

L’Omelette is terror-stricken; for, through the lurid vista which

a single uncurtained window is affording, lo! gleams the most

ghastly of all fires!

_Le pauvre Duc!_ He could not help imagining that the glorious,

the voluptuous, the never-dying melodies which pervaded that

hall, as they passed filtered and transmuted through the alchemy

of the enchanted window-panes, were the wailings and the howlings

of the hopeless and the damned! And there, too!—there!—upon the

ottoman!—who could _he_ be?—he, the _petitmaître_—no, the

Deity—who sat as if carved in marble, _et qui sourit_, with his

pale countenance, _si amèrement?_

_Mais il faut agir_—that is to say, a Frenchman never faints

outright. Besides, his Grace hated a scene—De L’Omelette is

himself again. There were some foils upon a table—some points

also. The Duc had studied under B——; _il avait tué ses six

hommes._ Now, then, _il peut s’échapper_. He measures two points,

and, with a grace inimitable, offers his Majesty the choice.

_Horreur!_ his Majesty does not fence!

_Mais il joue!_—how happy a thought!—but his Grace had always an

excellent memory. He had dipped in the “_Diable_” of Abbé

Gualtier. Therein it is said “_que le Diable n’ose pas refuser un

jeu d’écarté._”

But the chances—the chances! True—desperate: but scarcely more

desperate than the Duc. Besides, was he not in the secret?—had he

not skimmed over Père Le Brun?—was he not a member of the Club

Vingt-un? “_Si je perds_,” said he, “_je serai deux fois perdu_—I

shall be doubly damned—_voilà tout!_ (Here his Grace shrugged his

shoulders.) _Si je gagne, je reviendrai a mes ortolans—que les

cartes soient préparées!_”

His Grace was all care, all attention—his Majesty all confidence.

A spectator would have thought of Francis and Charles. His Grace

thought of his game. His Majesty did not think; he shuffled. The

Duc cut.

The cards were dealt. The trump is turned—it is—it is—the king!

No—it was the queen. His Majesty cursed her masculine

habiliments. De L’Omelette placed his hand upon his heart.

They play. The Duc counts. The hand is out. His Majesty counts

heavily, smiles, and is taking wine. The Duc slips a card.

“_C’est à vous à faire_,” said his Majesty, cutting. His Grace

bowed, dealt, and arose from the table _en presentant le Roi_.

His Majesty looked chagrined.

Had Alexander not been Alexander, he would have been Diogenes;

and the Duc assured his antagonist in taking leave, “_que s’il

n’eût été De L’Omelette il n’aurait point d’objection d’être le

Diable._”

THE OBLONG BOX.

Some years ago, I engaged passage from Charleston, S. C., to the

city of New York, in the fine packet-ship “Independence,” Captain

Hardy. We were to sail on the fifteenth of the month (June),

weather permitting; and on the fourteenth, I went on board to

arrange some matters in my state-room.

I found that we were to have a great many passengers, including a

more than usual number of ladies. On the list were several of my

acquaintances, and among other names, I was rejoiced to see that

of Mr. Cornelius Wyatt, a young artist, for whom I entertained

feelings of warm friendship. He had been with me a fellow-student

at C—— University, where we were very much together. He had the

ordinary temperament of genius, and was a compound of

misanthropy, sensibility, and enthusiasm. To these qualities he

united the warmest and truest heart which ever beat in a human

bosom.

I observed that his name was carded upon three state-rooms; and,

upon again referring to the list of passengers, I found that he

had engaged passage for himself, wife, and two sisters—his own.

The state-rooms were sufficiently roomy, and each had two berths,

one above the other. These berths, to be sure, were so

exceedingly narrow as to be insufficient for more than one

person; still, I could not comprehend why there were three

state-rooms for these four persons. I was, just at that epoch, in

one of those moody frames of mind which make a man abnormally

inquisitive about trifles: and I confess, with shame, that I

busied myself in a variety of ill-bred and preposterous

conjectures about this matter of the supernumerary state-room. It

was no business of mine, to be sure, but with none the less

pertinacity did I occupy myself in attempts to resolve the

enigma. At last I reached a conclusion which wrought in me great

wonder why I had not arrived at it before. “It is a servant of

course,” I said; “what a fool I am, not sooner to have thought of

so obvious a solution!” And then I again repaired to the list—but

here I saw distinctly that no servant was to come with the party,

although, in fact, it had been the original design to bring

one—for the words “and servant” had been first written and then

overscored. “Oh, extra baggage, to be sure,” I now said to

myself—“something he wishes not to be put in the hold—something

to be kept under his own eye—ah, I have it—a painting or so—and

this is what he has been bargaining about with Nicolino, the

Italian Jew.” This idea satisfied me, and I dismissed my

curiosity for the nonce.

Wyatt’s two sisters I knew very well, and most amiable and clever

girls they were. His wife he had newly married, and I had never

yet seen her. He had often talked about her in my presence,

however, and in his usual style of enthusiasm. He described her

as of surpassing beauty, wit, and accomplishment. I was,

therefore, quite anxious to make her acquaintance.

On the day in which I visited the ship (the fourteenth), Wyatt

and party were also to visit it—so the captain informed me—and I

waited on board an hour longer than I had designed, in hope of

being presented to the bride, but then an apology came. “Mrs. W.

was a little indisposed, and would decline coming on board until

to-morrow, at the hour of sailing.”

The morrow having arrived, I was going from my hotel to the

wharf, when Captain Hardy met me and said that, “owing to

circumstances” (a stupid but convenient phrase), “he rather

thought the ‘Independence’ would not sail for a day or two, and

that when all was ready, he would send up and let me know.” This

I thought strange, for there was a stiff southerly breeze; but as

“the circumstances” were not forthcoming, although I pumped for

them with much perseverance, I had nothing to do but to return

home and digest my impatience at leisure.

I did not receive the expected message from the captain for

nearly a week. It came at length, however, and I immediately went

on board. The ship was crowded with passengers, and every thing

was in the bustle attendant upon making sail. Wyatt’s party

arrived in about ten minutes after myself. There were the two

sisters, the bride, and the artist—the latter in one of his

customary fits of moody misanthropy. I was too well used to

these, however, to pay them any special attention. He did not

even introduce me to his wife—this courtesy devolving, per force,

upon his sister Marian—a very sweet and intelligent girl, who, in

a few hurried words, made us acquainted.

Mrs. Wyatt had been closely veiled; and when she raised her veil,

in acknowledging my bow, I confess that I was very profoundly

astonished. I should have been much more so, however, had not

long experience advised me not to trust, with too implicit a

reliance, the enthusiastic descriptions of my friend, the artist,

when indulging in comments upon the loveliness of woman. When

beauty was the theme, I well knew with what facility he soared

into the regions of the purely ideal.

The truth is, I could not help regarding Mrs. Wyatt as a

decidedly plain-looking woman. If not positively ugly, she was

not, I think, very far from it. She was dressed, however, in

exquisite taste—and then I had no doubt that she had captivated

my friend’s heart by the more enduring graces of the intellect

and soul. She said very few words, and passed at once into her

state-room with Mr. W.

My old inquisitiveness now returned. There was no servant—that

was a settled point. I looked, therefore, for the extra baggage.

After some delay, a cart arrived at the wharf, with an oblong

pine box, which was every thing that seemed to be expected.

Immediately upon its arrival we made sail, and in a short time

were safely over the bar and standing out to sea.

The box in question was, as I say, oblong. It was about six feet

in length by two and a half in breadth; I observed it

attentively, and like to be precise. Now this shape was peculiar;

and no sooner had I seen it, than I took credit to myself for the

accuracy of my guessing. I had reached the conclusion, it will be

remembered, that the extra baggage of my friend, the artist,

would prove to be pictures, or at least a picture; for I knew he

had been for several weeks in conference with Nicolino:—and now

here was a box, which, from its shape, could possibly contain

nothing in the world but a copy of Leonardo’s “Last Supper;” and

a copy of this very “Last Supper,” done by Rubini the younger, at

Florence, I had known, for some time, to be in the possession of

Nicolino. This point, therefore, I considered as sufficiently

settled. I chuckled excessively when I thought of my acumen. It

was the first time I had ever known Wyatt to keep from me any of

his artistical secrets; but here he evidently intended to steal a

march upon me, and smuggle a fine picture to New York, under my

very nose; expecting me to know nothing of the matter. I resolved

to quiz him well, now and hereafter.

One thing, however, annoyed me not a little. The box did not go

into the extra state-room. It was deposited in Wyatt’s own; and

there, too, it remained, occupying very nearly the whole of the

floor—no doubt to the exceeding discomfort of the artist and his

wife;—this the more especially as the tar or paint with which it

was lettered in sprawling capitals, emitted a strong,

disagreeable, and, to my fancy, a peculiarly disgusting odor. On

the lid were painted the words—“Mrs. Adelaide Curtis, Albany, New

York. Charge of Cornelius Wyatt, Esq. This side up. To be handled

with care.”

Now, I was aware that Mrs. Adelaide Curtis, of Albany, was the

artist’s wife’s mother,—but then I looked upon the whole address

as a mystification, intended especially for myself. I made up my

mind, of course, that the box and contents would never get

farther north than the studio of my misanthropic friend, in

Chambers Street, New York.

For the first three or four days we had fine weather, although

the wind was dead ahead; having chopped round to the northward,

immediately upon our losing sight of the coast. The passengers

were, consequently, in high spirits and disposed to be social. I

must except, however, Wyatt and his sisters, who behaved stiffly,

and, I could not help thinking, uncourteously to the rest of the

party. Wyatt’s conduct I did not so much regard. He was gloomy,

even beyond his usual habit—in fact he was morose—but in him I

was prepared for eccentricity. For the sisters, however, I could

make no excuse. They secluded themselves in their staterooms

during the greater part of the passage, and absolutely refused,

although I repeatedly urged them, to hold communication with any

person on board.

Mrs. Wyatt herself was far more agreeable. That is to say, she

was chatty; and to be chatty is no slight recommendation at sea.

She became excessively intimate with most of the ladies; and, to

my profound astonishment, evinced no equivocal disposition to

coquet with the men. She amused us all very much. I say

“amused”—and scarcely know how to explain myself. The truth is, I

soon found that Mrs. W. was far oftener laughed at than with. The

gentlemen said little about her; but the ladies, in a little

while, pronounced her “a good-hearted thing, rather indifferent

looking, totally uneducated, and decidedly vulgar.” The great

wonder was, how Wyatt had been entrapped into such a match.

Wealth was the general solution—but this I knew to be no solution

at all; for Wyatt had told me that she neither brought him a

dollar nor had any expectations from any source whatever. “He had

married,” he said, “for love, and for love only; and his bride

was far more than worthy of his love.” When I thought of these

expressions, on the part of my friend, I confess that I felt

indescribably puzzled. Could it be possible that he was taking

leave of his senses? What else could I think? He, so refined, so

intellectual, so fastidious, with so exquisite a perception of

the faulty, and so keen an appreciation of the beautiful! To be

sure, the lady seemed especially fond of him—particularly so in

his absence—when she made herself ridiculous by frequent

quotations of what had been said by her “beloved husband, Mr.

Wyatt.” The word “husband” seemed forever—to use one of her own

delicate expressions—forever “on the tip of her tongue.” In the

meantime, it was observed by all on board, that he avoided her in

the most pointed manner, and, for the most part, shut himself up

alone in his state-room, where, in fact, he might have been said

to live altogether, leaving his wife at full liberty to amuse

herself as she thought best, in the public society of the main

cabin.

My conclusion, from what I saw and heard, was, that, the artist,

by some unaccountable freak of fate, or perhaps in some fit of

enthusiastic and fanciful passion, had been induced to unite

himself with a person altogether beneath him, and that the

natural result, entire and speedy disgust, had ensued. I pitied

him from the bottom of my heart—but could not, for that reason,

quite forgive his incommunicativeness in the matter of the “Last

Supper.” For this I resolved to have my revenge.

One day he came upon deck, and, taking his arm as had been my

wont, I sauntered with him backward and forward. His gloom,

however (which I considered quite natural under the

circumstances), seemed entirely unabated. He said little, and

that moodily, and with evident effort. I ventured a jest or two,

and he made a sickening attempt at a smile. Poor fellow!—as I

thought of his wife, I wondered that he could have heart to put

on even the semblance of mirth. I determined to commence a series

of covert insinuations, or innuendoes, about the oblong box—just

to let him perceive, gradually, that I was not altogether the

butt, or victim, of his little bit of pleasant mystification. My

first observation was by way of opening a masked battery. I said

something about the “peculiar shape of _that_ box”; and, as I

spoke the words, I smiled knowingly, winked, and touched him

gently with my forefinger in the ribs.

The manner in which Wyatt received this harmless pleasantry

convinced me, at once, that he was mad. At first he stared at me

as if he found it impossible to comprehend the witticism of my

remark; but as its point seemed slowly to make its way into his

brain, his eyes, in the same proportion, seemed protruding from

their sockets. Then he grew very red—then hideously pale—then, as

if highly amused with what I had insinuated, he began a loud and

boisterous laugh, which, to my astonishment, he kept up, with

gradually increasing vigor, for ten minutes or more. In

conclusion, he fell flat and heavily upon the deck. When I ran to

uplift him, to all appearance he was dead.

I called assistance, and, with much difficulty, we brought him to

himself. Upon reviving he spoke incoherently for some time. At

length we bled him and put him to bed. The next morning he was

quite recovered, so far as regarded his mere bodily health. Of

his mind I say nothing, of course. I avoided him during the rest

of the passage, by advice of the captain, who seemed to coincide

with me altogether in my views of his insanity, but cautioned me

to say nothing on this head to any person on board.

Several circumstances occurred immediately after this fit of

Wyatt which contributed to heighten the curiosity with which I

was already possessed. Among other things, this: I had been

nervous—drank too much strong green tea, and slept ill at

night—in fact, for two nights I could not be properly said to

sleep at all. Now, my state-room opened into the main cabin, or

dining-room, as did those of all the single men on board. Wyatt’s

three rooms were in the after-cabin, which was separated from the

main one by a slight sliding door, never locked even at night. As

we were almost constantly on a wind, and the breeze was not a

little stiff, the ship heeled to leeward very considerably; and

whenever her starboard side was to leeward, the sliding door

between the cabins slid open, and so remained, nobody taking the

trouble to get up and shut it. But my berth was in such a

position, that when my own state-room door was open, as well as

the sliding door in question (and my own door was always open on

account of the heat,) I could see into the after-cabin quite

distinctly, and just at that portion of it, too, where were

situated the state-rooms of Mr. Wyatt. Well, during two nights

(not consecutive) while I lay awake, I clearly saw Mrs. W., about

eleven o’clock upon each night, steal cautiously from the

state-room of Mr. W., and enter the extra room, where she

remained until daybreak, when she was called by her husband and

went back. That they were virtually separated was clear. They had

separate apartments—no doubt in contemplation of a more permanent

divorce; and here, after all I thought was the mystery of the

extra state-room.

There was another circumstance, too, which interested me much.

During the two wakeful nights in question, and immediately after

the disappearance of Mrs. Wyatt into the extra state-room, I was

attracted by certain singular cautious, subdued noises in that of

her husband. After listening to them for some time, with

thoughtful attention, I at length succeeded perfectly in

translating their import. They were sounds occasioned by the

artist in prying open the oblong box, by means of a chisel and

mallet—the latter being apparently muffled, or deadened, by some

soft woollen or cotton substance in which its head was enveloped.

In this manner I fancied I could distinguish the precise moment

when he fairly disengaged the lid—also, that I could determine

when he removed it altogether, and when he deposited it upon the

lower berth in his room; this latter point I knew, for example,

by certain slight taps which the lid made in striking against the

wooden edges of the berth, as he endeavored to lay it down very

gently—there being no room for it on the floor. After this there

was a dead stillness, and I heard nothing more, upon either

occasion, until nearly daybreak; unless, perhaps, I may mention a

low sobbing, or murmuring sound, so very much suppressed as to be

nearly inaudible—if, indeed, the whole of this latter noise were

not rather produced by my own imagination. I say it seemed to

resemble sobbing or sighing—but, of course, it could not have

been either. I rather think it was a ringing in my own ears. Mr.

Wyatt, no doubt, according to custom, was merely giving the rein

to one of his hobbies—indulging in one of his fits of artistic

enthusiasm. He had opened his oblong box, in order to feast his

eyes on the pictorial treasure within. There was nothing in this,

however, to make him sob. I repeat, therefore, that it must have

been simply a freak of my own fancy, distempered by good Captain

Hardy’s green tea. Just before dawn, on each of the two nights of

which I speak, I distinctly heard Mr. Wyatt replace the lid upon

the oblong box, and force the nails into their old places by

means of the muffled mallet. Having done this, he issued from his

state-room, fully dressed, and proceeded to call Mrs. W. from

hers.

We had been at sea seven days, and were now off Cape Hatteras,

when there came a tremendously heavy blow from the southwest. We

were, in a measure, prepared for it, however, as the weather had

been holding out threats for some time. Every thing was made

snug, alow and aloft; and as the wind steadily freshened, we lay

to, at length, under spanker and foretopsail, both double-reefed.

In this trim we rode safely enough for forty-eight hours—the ship

proving herself an excellent sea-boat in many respects, and

shipping no water of any consequence. At the end of this period,

however, the gale had freshened into a hurricane, and our

after-sail split into ribbons, bringing us so much in the trough

of the water that we shipped several prodigious seas, one

immediately after the other. By this accident we lost three men

overboard with the caboose, and nearly the whole of the larboard

bulwarks. Scarcely had we recovered our senses, before the

foretopsail went into shreds, when we got up a storm stay-sail

and with this did pretty well for some hours, the ship heading

the sea much more steadily than before.

The gale still held on, however, and we saw no signs of its

abating. The rigging was found to be ill-fitted, and greatly

strained; and on the third day of the blow, about five in the

afternoon, our mizzen-mast, in a heavy lurch to windward, went by

the board. For an hour or more, we tried in vain to get rid of

it, on account of the prodigious rolling of the ship; and, before

we had succeeded, the carpenter came aft and announced four feet

of water in the hold. To add to our dilemma, we found the pumps

choked and nearly useless.

All was now confusion and despair—but an effort was made to

lighten the ship by throwing overboard as much of her cargo as

could be reached, and by cutting away the two masts that

remained. This we at last accomplished—but we were still unable

to do any thing at the pumps; and, in the meantime, the leak

gained on us very fast.

At sundown, the gale had sensibly diminished in violence, and as

the sea went down with it, we still entertained faint hopes of

saving ourselves in the boats. At eight P. M., the clouds broke

away to windward, and we had the advantage of a full moon—a piece

of good fortune which served wonderfully to cheer our drooping

spirits.

After incredible labor we succeeded, at length, in getting the

longboat over the side without material accident, and into this

we crowded the whole of the crew and most of the passengers. This

party made off immediately, and, after undergoing much suffering,

finally arrived, in safety, at Ocracoke Inlet, on the third day

after the wreck.

Fourteen passengers, with the captain, remained on board,

resolving to trust their fortunes to the jolly-boat at the stern.

We lowered it without difficulty, although it was only by a

miracle that we prevented it from swamping as it touched the

water. It contained, when afloat, the captain and his wife, Mr.

Wyatt and party, a Mexican officer, wife, four children, and

myself, with a negro valet.

We had no room, of course, for any thing except a few positively

necessary instruments, some provisions, and the clothes upon our

backs. No one had thought of even attempting to save any thing

more. What must have been the astonishment of all, then, when

having proceeded a few fathoms from the ship, Mr. Wyatt stood up

in the stern-sheets, and coolly demanded of Captain Hardy that

the boat should be put back for the purpose of taking in his

oblong box!

“Sit down, Mr. Wyatt,” replied the captain, somewhat sternly,

“you will capsize us if you do not sit quite still. Our gunwhale

is almost in the water now.”

“The box!” vociferated Mr. Wyatt, still standing—“the box, I say!

Captain Hardy, you cannot, you will not refuse me. Its weight

will be but a trifle—it is nothing—mere nothing. By the mother

who bore you—for the love of Heaven—by your hope of salvation, I

implore you to put back for the box!”

The captain, for a moment, seemed touched by the earnest appeal

of the artist, but he regained his stern composure, and merely

said:

“Mr. Wyatt, you are mad. I cannot listen to you. Sit down, I say,

or you will swamp the boat. Stay—hold him—seize him!—he is about

to spring overboard! There—I knew it—he is over!”

As the captain said this, Mr. Wyatt, in fact, sprang from the

boat, and, as we were yet in the lee of the wreck, succeeded, by

almost superhuman exertion, in getting hold of a rope which hung

from the fore-chains. In another moment he was on board, and

rushing frantically down into the cabin.

In the meantime, we had been swept astern of the ship, and being

quite out of her lee, were at the mercy of the tremendous sea

which was still running. We made a determined effort to put back,

but our little boat was like a feather in the breath of the

tempest. We saw at a glance that the doom of the unfortunate

artist was sealed.

As our distance from the wreck rapidly increased, the madman (for

as such only could we regard him) was seen to emerge from the

companion—way, up which by dint of strength that appeared

gigantic, he dragged, bodily, the oblong box. While we gazed in

the extremity of astonishment, he passed, rapidly, several turns

of a three-inch rope, first around the box and then around his

body. In another instant both body and box were in the

sea—disappearing suddenly, at once and forever.

We lingered awhile sadly upon our oars, with our eyes riveted

upon the spot. At length we pulled away. The silence remained

unbroken for an hour. Finally, I hazarded a remark.

“Did you observe, captain, how suddenly they sank? Was not that

an exceedingly singular thing? I confess that I entertained some

feeble hope of his final deliverance, when I saw him lash himself

to the box, and commit himself to the sea.”

“They sank as a matter of course,” replied the captain, “and that

like a shot. They will soon rise again, however—but not till the

salt melts.”

“The salt!” I ejaculated.

“Hush!” said the captain, pointing to the wife and sisters of the

deceased. “We must talk of these things at some more appropriate

time.”

We suffered much, and made a narrow escape; but fortune

befriended us, as well as our mates in the long-boat. We landed,

in fine, more dead than alive, after four days of intense

distress, upon the beach opposite Roanoke Island. We remained

here a week, were not ill-treated by the wreckers, and at length

obtained a passage to New York.

About a month after the loss of the “Independence,” I happened to

meet Captain Hardy in Broadway. Our conversation turned,

naturally, upon the disaster, and especially upon the sad fate of

poor Wyatt. I thus learned the following particulars.

The artist had engaged passage for himself, wife, two sisters and

a servant. His wife was, indeed, as she had been represented, a

most lovely, and most accomplished woman. On the morning of the

fourteenth of June (the day in which I first visited the ship),

the lady suddenly sickened and died. The young husband was

frantic with grief—but circumstances imperatively forbade the

deferring his voyage to New York. It was necessary to take to her

mother the corpse of his adored wife, and, on the other hand, the

universal prejudice which would prevent his doing so openly was

well known. Nine-tenths of the passengers would have abandoned

the ship rather than take passage with a dead body.

In this dilemma, Captain Hardy arranged that the corpse, being

first partially embalmed, and packed, with a large quantity of

salt, in a box of suitable dimensions, should be conveyed on

board as merchandise. Nothing was to be said of the lady’s

decease; and, as it was well understood that Mr. Wyatt had

engaged passage for his wife, it became necessary that some

person should personate her during the voyage. This the deceased

lady’s-maid was easily prevailed on to do. The extra state-room,

originally engaged for this girl during her mistress’ life, was

now merely retained. In this state-room the pseudo-wife, slept,

of course, every night. In the daytime she performed, to the best

of her ability, the part of her mistress—whose person, it had

been carefully ascertained, was unknown to any of the passengers

on board.

My own mistake arose, naturally enough, through too careless, too

inquisitive, and too impulsive a temperament. But of late, it is

a rare thing that I sleep soundly at night. There is a

countenance which haunts me, turn as I will. There is an

hysterical laugh which will forever ring within my ears.

LOSS OF BREATH

O breathe not, etc.

—Moore’s _Melodies_

The most notorious ill-fortune must in the end yield to the

untiring courage of philosophy—as the most stubborn city to the

ceaseless vigilance of an enemy. Shalmanezer, as we have it in

holy writings, lay three years before Samaria; yet it fell.

Sardanapalus—see Diodorus—maintained himself seven in Nineveh;

but to no purpose. Troy expired at the close of the second

lustrum; and Azoth, as Aristaeus declares upon his honour as a

gentleman, opened at last her gates to Psammetichus, after having

barred them for the fifth part of a century....

“Thou wretch!—thou vixen!—thou shrew!” said I to my wife on the

morning after our wedding; “thou witch!—thou hag!—thou

whippersnapper—thou sink of iniquity!—thou fiery-faced

quintessence of all that is abominable!—thou—thou—” here standing

upon tiptoe, seizing her by the throat, and placing my mouth

close to her ear, I was preparing to launch forth a new and more

decided epithet of opprobrium, which should not fail, if

ejaculated, to convince her of her insignificance, when to my

extreme horror and astonishment I discovered that I had lost my

breath.

The phrases “I am out of breath,” “I have lost my breath,” etc.,

are often enough repeated in common conversation; but it had

never occurred to me that the terrible accident of which I speak

could _bona fide_ and actually happen! Imagine—that is if you

have a fanciful turn—imagine, I say, my wonder—my

consternation—my despair!

There is a good genius, however, which has never entirely

deserted me. In my most ungovernable moods I still retain a sense

of propriety, _et le chemin des passions me conduit_—as Lord

Edouard in the “Julie” says it did him—_à la philosophie

véritable_.

Although I could not at first precisely ascertain to what degree

the occurrence had affected me, I determined at all events to

conceal the matter from my wife, until further experience should

discover to me the extent of this my unheard of calamity.

Altering my countenance, therefore, in a moment, from its

bepuffed and distorted appearance, to an expression of arch and

coquettish benignity, I gave my lady a pat on the one cheek, and

a kiss on the other, and without saying one syllable (Furies! I

could not), left her astonished at my drollery, as I pirouetted

out of the room in a _pas de zephyr_.

Behold me then safely ensconced in my private boudoir, a fearful

instance of the ill consequences attending upon

irascibility—alive, with the qualifications of the dead—dead,

with the propensities of the living—an anomaly on the face of the

earth—being very calm, yet breathless.

Yes! breathless. I am serious in asserting that my breath was

entirely gone. I could not have stirred with it a feather if my

life had been at issue, or sullied even the delicacy of a mirror.

Hard fate!—yet there was some alleviation to the first

overwhelming paroxysm of my sorrow. I found, upon trial, that the

powers of utterance which, upon my inability to proceed in the

conversation with my wife, I then concluded to be totally

destroyed, were in fact only partially impeded, and I discovered

that had I, at that interesting crisis, dropped my voice to a

singularly deep guttural, I might still have continued to her the

communication of my sentiments; this pitch of voice (the

guttural) depending, I find, not upon the current of the breath,

but upon a certain spasmodic action of the muscles of the throat.

Throwing myself upon a chair, I remained for some time absorbed

in meditation. My reflections, be sure, were of no consolatory

kind. A thousand vague and lachrymatory fancies took possession

of my soul—and even the idea of suicide flitted across my brain;

but it is a trait in the perversity of human nature to reject the

obvious and the ready, for the far-distant and equivocal. Thus I

shuddered at self-murder as the most decided of atrocities while

the tabby cat purred strenuously upon the rug, and the very

water-dog wheezed assiduously under the table, each taking to

itself much merit for the strength of its lungs, and all

obviously done in derision of my own pulmonary incapacity.

Oppressed with a tumult of vague hopes and fears, I at length

heard the footsteps of my wife descending the staircase. Being

now assured of her absence, I returned with a palpitating heart

to the scene of my disaster.

Carefully locking the door on the inside, I commenced a vigorous

search. It was possible, I thought, that, concealed in some

obscure corner, or lurking in some closet or drawer, might be

found the lost object of my inquiry. It might have a vapory—it

might even have a tangible form. Most philosophers, upon many

points of philosophy, are still very unphilosophical. William

Godwin, however, says in his “Mandeville,” that “invisible things

are the only realities,” and this, all will allow, is a case in

point. I would have the judicious reader pause before accusing

such asseverations of an undue quantum of absurdity. Anaxagoras,

it will be remembered, maintained that snow is black, and this I

have since found to be the case.

Long and earnestly did I continue the investigation: but the

contemptible reward of my industry and perseverance proved to be

only a set of false teeth, two pair of hips, an eye, and a bundle

of billets-doux from Mr. Windenough to my wife. I might as well

here observe that this confirmation of my lady’s partiality for

Mr. W. occasioned me little uneasiness. That Mrs. Lackobreath

should admire anything so dissimilar to myself was a natural and

necessary evil. I am, it is well known, of a robust and corpulent

appearance, and at the same time somewhat diminutive in stature.

What wonder, then, that the lath-like tenuity of my acquaintance,

and his altitude, which has grown into a proverb, should have met

with all due estimation in the eyes of Mrs. Lackobreath. But to

return.

My exertions, as I have before said, proved fruitless. Closet

after closet—drawer after drawer—corner after corner—were

scrutinized to no purpose. At one time, however, I thought myself

sure of my prize, having, in rummaging a dressing-case,

accidentally demolished a bottle of Grandjean’s Oil of

Archangels—which, as an agreeable perfume, I here take the

liberty of recommending.

With a heavy heart I returned to my boudoir—there to ponder upon

some method of eluding my wife’s penetration, until I could make

arrangements prior to my leaving the country, for to this I had

already made up my mind. In a foreign climate, being unknown, I

might, with some probability of success, endeavor to conceal my

unhappy calamity—a calamity calculated, even more than beggary,

to estrange the affections of the multitude, and to draw down

upon the wretch the well-merited indignation of the virtuous and

the happy. I was not long in hesitation. Being naturally quick, I

committed to memory the entire tragedy of “Metamora.” I had the

good fortune to recollect that in the accentuation of this drama,

or at least of such portion of it as is allotted to the hero, the

tones of voice in which I found myself deficient were altogether

unnecessary, and the deep guttural was expected to reign

monotonously throughout.

I practised for some time by the borders of a well frequented

marsh;—herein, however, having no reference to a similar

proceeding of Demosthenes, but from a design peculiarly and

conscientiously my own. Thus armed at all points, I determined to

make my wife believe that I was suddenly smitten with a passion

for the stage. In this, I succeeded to a miracle; and to every

question or suggestion found myself at liberty to reply in my

most frog-like and sepulchral tones with some passage from the

tragedy—any portion of which, as I soon took great pleasure in

observing, would apply equally well to any particular subject. It

is not to be supposed, however, that in the delivery of such

passages I was found at all deficient in the looking asquint—the

showing my teeth—the working my knees—the shuffling my feet—or in

any of those unmentionable graces which are now justly considered

the characteristics of a popular performer. To be sure they spoke

of confining me in a strait-jacket—but, good God! they never

suspected me of having lost my breath.

Having at length put my affairs in order, I took my seat very

early one morning in the mail stage for ——, giving it to be

understood, among my acquaintances, that business of the last

importance required my immediate personal attendance in that

city.

The coach was crammed to repletion; but in the uncertain twilight

the features of my companions could not be distinguished. Without

making any effectual resistance, I suffered myself to be placed

between two gentlemen of colossal dimensions; while a third, of a

size larger, requesting pardon for the liberty he was about to

take, threw himself upon my body at full length, and falling

asleep in an instant, drowned all my guttural ejaculations for

relief, in a snore which would have put to blush the roarings of

the bull of Phalaris. Happily the state of my respiratory

faculties rendered suffocation an accident entirely out of the

question.

As, however, the day broke more distinctly in our approach to the

outskirts of the city, my tormentor, arising and adjusting his

shirt-collar, thanked me in a very friendly manner for my

civility. Seeing that I remained motionless (all my limbs were

dislocated and my head twisted on one side), his apprehensions

began to be excited; and arousing the rest of the passengers, he

communicated, in a very decided manner, his opinion that a dead

man had been palmed upon them during the night for a living and

responsible fellow-traveller; here giving me a thump on the right

eye, by way of demonstrating the truth of his suggestion.

Hereupon all, one after another (there were nine in company),

believed it their duty to pull me by the ear. A young practising

physician, too, having applied a pocket-mirror to my mouth, and

found me without breath, the assertion of my persecutor was

pronounced a true bill; and the whole party expressed a

determination to endure tamely no such impositions for the

future, and to proceed no farther with any such carcasses for the

present.

I was here, accordingly, thrown out at the sign of the “Crow” (by

which tavern the coach happened to be passing), without meeting

with any farther accident than the breaking of both my arms,

under the left hind wheel of the vehicle. I must besides do the

driver the justice to state that he did not forget to throw after

me the largest of my trunks, which, unfortunately falling on my

head, fractured my skull in a manner at once interesting and

extraordinary.

The landlord of the “Crow,” who is a hospitable man, finding that

my trunk contained sufficient to indemnify him for any little

trouble he might take in my behalf, sent forthwith for a surgeon

of his acquaintance, and delivered me to his care with a bill and

receipt for ten dollars.

The purchaser took me to his apartments and commenced operations

immediately. Having cut off my ears, however, he discovered signs

of animation. He now rang the bell, and sent for a neighboring

apothecary with whom to consult in the emergency. In case of his

suspicions with regard to my existence proving ultimately

correct, he, in the meantime, made an incision in my stomach, and

removed several of my viscera for private dissection.

The apothecary had an idea that I was actually dead. This idea I

endeavored to confute, kicking and plunging with all my might,

and making the most furious contortions—for the operations of the

surgeon had, in a measure, restored me to the possession of my

faculties. All, however, was attributed to the effects of a new

galvanic battery, wherewith the apothecary, who is really a man

of information, performed several curious experiments, in which,

from my personal share in their fulfillment, I could not help

feeling deeply interested. It was a course of mortification to

me, nevertheless, that although I made several attempts at

conversation, my powers of speech were so entirely in abeyance,

that I could not even open my mouth; much less, then, make reply

to some ingenious but fanciful theories of which, under other

circumstances, my minute acquaintance with the Hippocratian

pathology would have afforded me a ready confutation.

Not being able to arrive at a conclusion, the practitioners

remanded me for farther examination. I was taken up into a

garret; and the surgeon’s lady having accommodated me with

drawers and stockings, the surgeon himself fastened my hands, and

tied up my jaws with a pocket-handkerchief—then bolted the door

on the outside as he hurried to his dinner, leaving me alone to

silence and to meditation.

I now discovered to my extreme delight that I could have spoken

had not my mouth been tied up with the pocket-handkerchief.

Consoling myself with this reflection, I was mentally repeating

some passages of the “Omnipresence of the Deity,” as is my custom

before resigning myself to sleep, when two cats, of a greedy and

vituperative turn, entering at a hole in the wall, leaped up with

a flourish a la Catalani, and alighting opposite one another on

my visage, betook themselves to indecorous contention for the

paltry consideration of my nose.

But, as the loss of his ears proved the means of elevating to the

throne of Cyrus, the Magian or Mige-Gush of Persia, and as the

cutting off his nose gave Zopyrus possession of Babylon, so the

loss of a few ounces of my countenance proved the salvation of my

body. Aroused by the pain, and burning with indignation, I burst,

at a single effort, the fastenings and the bandage. Stalking

across the room I cast a glance of contempt at the belligerents,

and throwing open the sash to their extreme horror and

disappointment, precipitated myself, very dexterously, from the

window.

The mail-robber W——, to whom I bore a singular resemblance, was

at this moment passing from the city jail to the scaffold erected

for his execution in the suburbs. His extreme infirmity and long

continued ill health had obtained him the privilege of remaining

unmanacled; and habited in his gallows costume—one very similar

to my own,—he lay at full length in the bottom of the hangman’s

cart (which happened to be under the windows of the surgeon at

the moment of my precipitation) without any other guard than the

driver, who was asleep, and two recruits of the sixth infantry,

who were drunk.

As ill-luck would have it, I alit upon my feet within the

vehicle. W——, who was an acute fellow, perceived his opportunity.

Leaping up immediately, he bolted out behind, and turning down an

alley, was out of sight in the twinkling of an eye. The recruits,

aroused by the bustle, could not exactly comprehend the merits of

the transaction. Seeing, however, a man, the precise counterpart

of the felon, standing upright in the cart before their eyes,

they were of the opinion that the rascal (meaning W——) was after

making his escape, (so they expressed themselves), and, having

communicated this opinion to one another, they took each a dram,

and then knocked me down with the butt-ends of their muskets.

It was not long ere we arrived at the place of destination. Of

course nothing could be said in my defence. Hanging was my

inevitable fate. I resigned myself thereto with a feeling half

stupid, half acrimonious. Being little of a cynic, I had all the

sentiments of a dog. The hangman, however, adjusted the noose

about my neck. The drop fell.

I forbear to depict my sensations upon the gallows; although

here, undoubtedly, I could speak to the point, and it is a topic

upon which nothing has been well said. In fact, to write upon

such a theme it is necessary to have been hanged. Every author

should confine himself to matters of experience. Thus Mark Antony

composed a treatise upon getting drunk.

I may just mention, however, that die I did not. My body was, but

I had no breath to be, suspended; and but for the knot under my

left ear (which had the feel of a military stock) I dare say that

I should have experienced very little inconvenience. As for the

jerk given to my neck upon the falling of the drop, it merely

proved a corrective to the twist afforded me by the fat gentleman

in the coach.

For good reasons, however, I did my best to give the crowd the

worth of their trouble. My convulsions were said to be

extraordinary. My spasms it would have been difficult to beat.

The populace encored. Several gentlemen swooned; and a multitude

of ladies were carried home in hysterics. Pinxit availed himself

of the opportunity to retouch, from a sketch taken upon the spot,

his admirable painting of the “Marsyas flayed alive.”

When I had afforded sufficient amusement, it was thought proper

to remove my body from the gallows;—this the more especially as

the real culprit had in the meantime been retaken and recognized,

a fact which I was so unlucky as not to know.

Much sympathy was, of course, exercised in my behalf, and as no

one made claim to my corpse, it was ordered that I should be

interred in a public vault.

Here, after due interval, I was deposited. The sexton departed,

and I was left alone. A line of Marston’s “Malcontent”—

Death’s a good fellow and keeps open house—

struck me at that moment as a palpable lie.

I knocked off, however, the lid of my coffin, and stepped out.

The place was dreadfully dreary and damp, and I became troubled

with ennui. By way of amusement, I felt my way among the numerous

coffins ranged in order around. I lifted them down, one by one,

and breaking open their lids, busied myself in speculations about

the mortality within.

“This,” I soliloquized, tumbling over a carcass, puffy, bloated,

and rotund—“this has been, no doubt, in every sense of the word,

an unhappy—an unfortunate man. It has been his terrible lot not

to walk but to waddle—to pass through life not like a human

being, but like an elephant—not like a man, but like a

rhinoceros.

“His attempts at getting on have been mere abortions, and his

circumgyratory proceedings a palpable failure. Taking a step

forward, it has been his misfortune to take two toward the right,

and three toward the left. His studies have been confined to the

poetry of Crabbe. He can have no idea of the wonder of a

pirouette. To him a pas de papillon has been an abstract

conception. He has never ascended the summit of a hill. He has

never viewed from any steeple the glories of a metropolis. Heat

has been his mortal enemy. In the dog-days his days have been the

days of a dog. Therein, he has dreamed of flames and

suffocation—of mountains upon mountains—of Pelion upon Ossa. He

was short of breath—to say all in a word, he was short of breath.

He thought it extravagant to play upon wind instruments. He was

the inventor of self-moving fans, wind-sails, and ventilators. He

patronized Du Pont the bellows-maker, and he died miserably in

attempting to smoke a cigar. His was a case in which I feel a

deep interest—a lot in which I sincerely sympathize.

“But here,”—said I—“here”—and I dragged spitefully from its

receptacle a gaunt, tall and peculiar-looking form, whose

remarkable appearance struck me with a sense of unwelcome

familiarity—“here is a wretch entitled to no earthly

commiseration.” Thus saying, in order to obtain a more distinct

view of my subject, I applied my thumb and forefinger to its

nose, and causing it to assume a sitting position upon the

ground, held it thus, at the length of my arm, while I continued

my soliloquy.

“Entitled,” I repeated, “to no earthly commiseration. Who indeed

would think of compassioning a shadow? Besides, has he not had

his full share of the blessings of mortality? He was the

originator of tall monuments—shot-towers—lightning-rods—Lombardy

poplars. His treatise upon “Shades and Shadows” has immortalized

him. He edited with distinguished ability the last edition of

“South on the Bones.” He went early to college and studied

pneumatics. He then came home, talked eternally, and played upon

the French-horn. He patronized the bagpipes. Captain Barclay, who

walked against Time, would not walk against him. Windham and

Allbreath were his favorite writers,—his favorite artist, Phiz.

He died gloriously while inhaling gas—levique flatu corrupitur,

like the fama pudicitae in Hieronymus. {*1} He was indubitably

a—”

“How can you?—how—can—you?”—interrupted the object of my

animadversions, gasping for breath, and tearing off, with a desperate

exertion, the bandage around its jaws—“how can you, Mr. Lackobreath, be

so infernally cruel as to pinch me in that manner by the nose? Did you

not see how they had fastened up my mouth—and you must know—if you know

any thing—how vast a superfluity of breath I have to dispose of! If you

do not know, however, sit down and you shall see. In my situation it is

really a great relief to be able to open ones mouth—to be able to

expatiate—to be able to communicate with a person like yourself, who do

not think yourself called upon at every period to interrupt the thread

of a gentleman’s discourse. Interruptions are annoying and should

undoubtedly be abolished—don’t you think so?—no reply, I beg you,—one

person is enough to be speaking at a time.—I shall be done by and by,

and then you may begin.—How the devil sir, did you get into this

place?—not a word I beseech you—been here some time myself—terrible

accident!—heard of it, I suppose?—awful calamity!—walking under your

windows—some short while ago—about the time you were

stage-struck—horrible occurrence!—heard of “catching one’s breath,”

eh?—hold your tongue I tell you!—I caught somebody else’s!—had always

too much of my own—met Blab at the corner of the street—wouldn’t give

me a chance for a word—couldn’t get in a syllable edgeways—attacked,

consequently, with epilepsis—Blab made his escape—damn all fools!—they

took me up for dead, and put me in this place—pretty doings all of

them!—heard all you said about me—every word a

lie—horrible!—wonderful!—outrageous!—hideous!—incomprehensible!—et

cetera—et cetera—et cetera—et cetera—”

It is impossible to conceive my astonishment at so unexpected a

discourse, or the joy with which I became gradually convinced

that the breath so fortunately caught by the gentleman (whom I

soon recognized as my neighbor Windenough) was, in fact, the

identical expiration mislaid by myself in the conversation with

my wife. Time, place, and circumstances rendered it a matter

beyond question. I did not, however, immediately release my hold

upon Mr. W.’s proboscis—not at least during the long period in

which the inventor of Lombardy poplars continued to favor me with

his explanations.

In this respect I was actuated by that habitual prudence which

has ever been my predominating trait. I reflected that many

difficulties might still lie in the path of my preservation which

only extreme exertion on my part would be able to surmount. Many

persons, I considered, are prone to estimate commodities in their

possession—however valueless to the then proprietor—however

troublesome, or distressing—in direct ratio with the advantages

to be derived by others from their attainment, or by themselves

from their abandonment. Might not this be the case with Mr.

Windenough? In displaying anxiety for the breath of which he was

at present so willing to get rid, might I not lay myself open to

the exactions of his avarice? There are scoundrels in this world,

I remembered with a sigh, who will not scruple to take unfair

opportunities with even a next door neighbor, and (this remark is

from Epictetus) it is precisely at that time when men are most

anxious to throw off the burden of their own calamities that they

feel the least desirous of relieving them in others.

Upon considerations similar to these, and still retaining my

grasp upon the nose of Mr. W., I accordingly thought proper to

model my reply.

“Monster!” I began in a tone of the deepest indignation—“monster

and double-winded idiot!—dost thou, whom for thine iniquities it

has pleased heaven to accurse with a two-fold respimtion—dost

thou, I say, presume to address me in the familiar language of an

old acquaintance?—‘I lie,’ forsooth! and ‘hold my tongue,’ to be

sure!—pretty conversation indeed, to a gentleman with a single

breath!—all this, too, when I have it in my power to relieve the

calamity under which thou dost so justly suffer—to curtail the

superfluities of thine unhappy respiration.”

Like Brutus, I paused for a reply—with which, like a tornado, Mr.

Windenough immediately overwhelmed me. Protestation followed upon

protestation, and apology upon apology. There were no terms with

which he was unwilling to comply, and there were none of which I

failed to take the fullest advantage.

Preliminaries being at length arranged, my acquaintance delivered

me the respiration; for which (having carefully examined it) I

gave him afterward a receipt.

I am aware that by many I shall be held to blame for speaking in

a manner so cursory, of a transaction so impalpable. It will be

thought that I should have entered more minutely, into the

details of an occurrence by which—and this is very true—much new

light might be thrown upon a highly interesting branch of

physical philosophy.

To all this I am sorry that I cannot reply. A hint is the only

answer which I am permitted to make. There were circumstances—but

I think it much safer upon consideration to say as little as

possible about an affair so delicate—so delicate, I repeat, and

at the time involving the interests of a third party whose

sulphurous resentment I have not the least desire, at this

moment, of incurring.

We were not long after this necessary arrangement in effecting an

escape from the dungeons of the sepulchre. The united strength of

our resuscitated voices was soon sufficiently apparent. Scissors,

the Whig editor, republished a treatise upon “the nature and

origin of subterranean noises.” A reply—rejoinder—confutation—and

justification—followed in the columns of a Democratic gazette. It

was not until the opening of the vault to decide the controversy,

that the appearance of Mr. Windenough and myself proved both

parties to have been decidedly in the wrong.

I cannot conclude these details of some very singular passages in

a life at all times sufficiently eventful, without again

recalling to the attention of the reader the merits of that

indiscriminate philosophy which is a sure and ready shield

against those shafts of calamity which can neither be seen, felt

nor fully understood. It was in the spirit of this wisdom that,

among the ancient Hebrews, it was believed the gates of Heaven

would be inevitably opened to that sinner, or saint, who, with

good lungs and implicit confidence, should vociferate the word

“Amen!” It was in the spirit of this wisdom that, when a great

plague raged at Athens, and every means had been in vain

attempted for its removal, Epimenides, as Laërtius relates, in

his second book, of that philosopher, advised the erection of a

shrine and temple “to the proper God.”

LYTTLETON BARRY.

THE MAN THAT WAS USED UP

A TALE OF THE LATE BUGABOO AND KICKAPOO CAMPAIGN.

_Pleurez, pleurez, mes yeux, et fondez vous en eau!_

_La moitié de ma vie a mis l’ autre au tombeau._

—CORNEILLE.

I cannot just now remember when or where I first made the

acquaintance of that truly fine-looking fellow, Brevet Brigadier

General John A. B. C. Smith. Some one _did_ introduce me to the

gentleman, I am sure—at some public meeting, I know very

well—held about something of great importance, no doubt—at some

place or other, I feel convinced,—whose name I have unaccountably

forgotten. The truth is—that the introduction was attended, upon

my part, with a degree of anxious embarrassment which operated to

prevent any definite impressions of either time or place. I am

constitutionally nervous—this, with me, is a family failing, and

I can’t help it. In especial, the slightest appearance of

mystery—of any point I cannot exactly comprehend—puts me at once

into a pitiable state of agitation.

There was something, as it were, remarkable—yes, _remarkable_,

although this is but a feeble term to express my full

meaning—about the entire individuality of the personage in

question. He was, perhaps, six feet in height, and of a presence

singularly commanding. There was an _air distingué_ pervading the

whole man, which spoke of high breeding, and hinted at high

birth. Upon this topic—the topic of Smith’s personal appearance—I

have a kind of melancholy satisfaction in being minute. His head

of hair would have done honor to a Brutus; nothing could be more

richly flowing, or possess a brighter gloss. It was of a jetty

black;—which was also the color, or more properly the no color of

his unimaginable whiskers. You perceive I cannot speak of these

latter without enthusiasm; it is not too much to say that they

were the handsomest pair of whiskers under the sun. At all

events, they encircled, and at times partially overshadowed, a

mouth utterly unequalled. Here were the most entirely even, and

the most brilliantly white of all conceivable teeth. From between

them, upon every proper occasion, issued a voice of surpassing

clearness, melody, and strength. In the matter of eyes, also, my

acquaintance was pre-eminently endowed. Either one of such a pair

was worth a couple of the ordinary ocular organs. They were of a

deep hazel, exceedingly large and lustrous; and there was

perceptible about them, ever and anon, just that amount of

interesting obliquity which gives pregnancy to expression.

The bust of the General was unquestionably the finest bust I ever

saw. For your life you could not have found a fault with its

wonderful proportion. This rare peculiarity set off to great

advantage a pair of shoulders which would have called up a blush

of conscious inferiority into the countenance of the marble

Apollo. I have a passion for fine shoulders, and may say that I

never beheld them in perfection before. The arms altogether were

admirably modelled. Nor were the lower limbs less superb. These

were, indeed, the _ne plus ultra_ of good legs. Every connoisseur

in such matters admitted the legs to be good. There was neither

too much flesh, nor too little,—neither rudeness nor fragility. I

could not imagine a more graceful curve than that of the _os

femoris_, and there was just that due gentle prominence in the

rear of the _fibula_ which goes to the conformation of a properly

proportioned calf. I wish to God my young and talented friend

Chiponchipino, the sculptor, had but seen the legs of Brevet

Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith.

But although men so absolutely fine-looking are neither as plenty

as reasons or blackberries, still I could not bring myself to

believe that _the remarkable_ something to which I alluded just

now,—that the odd air of _je ne sais quoi_ which hung about my

new acquaintance,—lay altogether, or indeed at all, in the

supreme excellence of his bodily endowments. Perhaps it might be

traced to the _manner_;—yet here again I could not pretend to be

positive. There _was_ a primness, not to say stiffness, in his

carriage—a degree of measured, and, if I may so express it, of

rectangular precision, attending his every movement, which,

observed in a more diminutive figure, would have had the least

little savor in the world, of affectation, pomposity or

constraint, but which noticed in a gentleman of his undoubted

dimensions, was readily placed to the account of reserve,

_hauteur_—of a commendable sense, in short, of what is due to the

dignity of colossal proportion.

The kind friend who presented me to General Smith whispered in my

ear some few words of comment upon the man. He was a _remarkable_

man—a _very_ remarkable man—indeed one of the _most_ remarkable

men of the age. He was an especial favorite, too, with the

ladies—chiefly on account of his high reputation for courage.

“In _that_ point he is unrivalled—indeed he is a perfect

desperado—a down-right fire-eater, and no mistake,” said my

friend, here dropping his voice excessively low, and thrilling me

with the mystery of his tone.

“A downright fire-eater, and _no_ mistake. Showed _that_, I

should say, to some purpose, in the late tremendous swamp-fight

away down South, with the Bugaboo and Kickapoo Indians.” [Here my

friend opened his eyes to some extent.] “Bless my soul!—blood and

thunder, and all that!—_prodigies_ of valor!—heard of him of

course?—you know he’s the man—”

“Man alive, how _do_ you do? why, how _are_ ye? _very_ glad to

see ye, indeed!” here interrupted the General himself, seizing my

companion by the hand as he drew near, and bowing stiffly, but

profoundly, as I was presented. I then thought, (and I think so

still,) that I never heard a clearer nor a stronger voice, nor

beheld a finer set of teeth: but I _must_ say that I was sorry

for the interruption just at that moment, as, owing to the

whispers and insinuations aforesaid, my interest had been greatly

excited in the hero of the Bugaboo and Kickapoo campaign.

However, the delightfully luminous conversation of Brevet

Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith soon completely dissipated

this chagrin. My friend leaving us immediately, we had quite a

long _tête-à-tête_, and I was not only pleased but

_really_—instructed. I never heard a more fluent talker, or a man

of greater general information. With becoming modesty, he

forebore, nevertheless, to touch upon the theme I had just then

most at heart—I mean the mysterious circumstances attending the

Bugaboo war—and, on my own part, what I conceive to be a proper

sense of delicacy forbade me to broach the subject; although, in

truth, I was exceedingly tempted to do so. I perceived, too, that

the gallant soldier preferred topics of philosophical interest,

and that he delighted, especially, in commenting upon the rapid

march of mechanical invention. Indeed, lead him where I would,

this was a point to which he invariably came back.

“There is nothing at all like it,” he would say; “we are a

wonderful people, and live in a wonderful age. Parachutes and

rail-roads—man-traps and spring-guns! Our steam-boats are upon

every sea, and the Nassau balloon packet is about to run regular

trips (fare either way only twenty pounds sterling) between

London and Timbuctoo. And who shall calculate the immense

influence upon social life—upon arts—upon commerce—upon

literature—which will be the immediate result of the great

principles of electro-magnetics! Nor, is this all, let me assure

you! There is really no end to the march of invention. The most

wonderful—the most ingenious—and let me add, Mr.—Mr.—Thompson, I

believe, is your name—let me add, I say, the most _useful_—the

most truly _useful_—mechanical contrivances, are daily springing

up like mushrooms, if I may so express myself, or, more

figuratively, like—ah—grasshoppers—like grasshoppers, Mr.

Thompson—about us and ah—ah—ah—around us!”

Thompson, to be sure, is not my name; but it is needless to say

that I left General Smith with a heightened interest in the man,

with an exalted opinion of his conversational powers, and a deep

sense of the valuable privileges we enjoy in living in this age

of mechanical invention. My curiosity, however, had not been

altogether satisfied, and I resolved to prosecute immediate

inquiry among my acquaintances touching the Brevet Brigadier

General himself, and particularly respecting the tremendous

events _quorum pars magna fuit_, during the Bugaboo and Kickapoo

campaign.

The first opportunity which presented itself, and which

(_horresco referens_) I did not in the least scruple to seize,

occurred at the Church of the Reverend Doctor Drummummupp, where

I found myself established, one Sunday, just at sermon time, not

only in the pew, but by the side, of that worthy and

communicative little friend of mine, Miss Tabitha T. Thus seated,

I congratulated myself, and with much reason, upon the very

flattering state of affairs. If any person knew anything about

Brevet Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith, that person, it was

clear to me, was Miss Tabitha T. We telegraphed a few signals,

and then commenced, _sotto voce_, a brisk _tête-à-tête_.

“Smith!” said she, in reply to my very earnest inquiry;

“Smith!—why, not General John A. B. C.? Bless me, I thought you

_knew_ all about _him!_ This is a wonderfully inventive age!

Horrid affair that!—a bloody set of wretches, those

Kickapoos!—fought like a hero—prodigies of valor—immortal renown.

Smith!—Brevet Brigadier General John A. B. C.! why, you know he’s

the man—”

“Man,” here broke in Doctor Drummummupp, at the top of his voice,

and with a thump that came near knocking the pulpit about our

ears—“man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live;

he cometh up and is cut down like a flower!” I started to the

extremity of the pew, and perceived by the animated looks of the

divine, that the wrath which had nearly proved fatal to the

pulpit had been excited by the whispers of the lady and myself.

There was no help for it; so I submitted with a good grace, and

listened, in all the martyrdom of dignified silence, to the

balance of that very capital discourse.

Next evening found me a somewhat late visitor at the Rantipole

Theatre, where I felt sure of satisfying my curiosity at once, by

merely stepping into the box of those exquisite specimens of

affability and omniscience, the Misses Arabella and Miranda

Cognoscenti. That fine tragedian, Climax, was doing Iago to a

very crowded house, and I experienced some little difficulty in

making my wishes understood; especially, as our box was next the

slips, and completely overlooked the stage.

“Smith!” said Miss Arabella, as she at length comprehended the

purport of my query; “Smith!—why, not General John A. B. C.?”

“Smith!” inquired Miranda, musingly. “God bless me, did you ever

behold a finer figure?”

“Never, madam, but _do_ tell me—”

“Or so inimitable grace?”

“Never, upon my word!—But pray inform me—”

“Or so just an appreciation of stage effect?”

“Madam!”

“Or a more delicate sense of the true beauties of Shakespeare? Be

so good as to look at that leg!”

“The devil!” and I turned again to her sister.

“Smith!” said she, “why, not General John A. B. C.? Horrid affair

that, wasn’t it?—great wretches, those Bugaboos—savage and so

on—but we live in a wonderfully inventive age!—Smith!—O yes!

great man!—perfect desperado!—immortal renown!—prodigies of

valor! _Never heard!_” [This was given in a scream.] “Bless my

soul! why, he’s the man—”

“——mandragora

Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world

Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep

Which thou owd’st yesterday!”

here roared our Climax just in my ear, and shaking his fist in my

face all the time, in a way that I _couldn’t_ stand, and I

_wouldn’t_. I left the Misses Cognoscenti immediately, went

behind the scenes forthwith, and gave the beggarly scoundrel such

a thrashing as I trust he will remember to the day of his death.

At the _soirée_ of the lovely widow, Mrs. Kathleen O’Trump, I was

confident that I should meet with no similar disappointment.

Accordingly, I was no sooner seated at the card-table, with my

pretty hostess for a _vis-à-vis_, than I propounded those

questions the solution of which had become a matter so essential

to my peace.

“Smith!” said my partner, “why, not General John A. B. C.? Horrid

affair that, wasn’t it?—diamonds, did you say?—terrible wretches

those Kickapoos!—we are playing _whist_, if you please, Mr.

Tattle—however, this is the age of invention, most certainly

_the_ age, one may say—_the_ age _par excellence_—speak

French?—oh, quite a hero—perfect desperado!—_no hearts_, Mr.

Tattle? I don’t believe it.—immortal renown and all

that!—prodigies of valor! _Never heard!!_—why, bless me, he’s the

man—”

“Mann!—_Captain_ Mann?” here screamed some little feminine

interloper from the farthest corner of the room. “Are you talking

about Captain Mann and the duel?—oh, I _must_ hear—do tell—go on,

Mrs. O’Trump!—do now go on!” And go on Mrs. O’Trump did—all about

a certain Captain Mann, who was either shot or hung, or should

have been both shot and hung. Yes! Mrs. O’Trump, she went on, and

I—I went off. There was no chance of hearing anything farther

that evening in regard to Brevet Brigadier General John A. B. C.

Smith.

Still I consoled myself with the reflection that the tide of ill

luck would not run against me forever, and so determined to make

a bold push for information at the rout of that bewitching little

angel, the graceful Mrs. Pirouette.

“Smith!” said Mrs. P., as we twirled about together in a _pas de

zephyr_, “Smith!—why, not General John A. B. C.? Dreadful

business that of the Bugaboos, wasn’t it?—dreadful creatures,

those Indians!—_do_ turn out your toes! I really am ashamed of

you—man of great courage, poor fellow!—but this is a wonderful

age for invention—O dear me, I’m out of breath—quite a

desperado—prodigies of valor—_never heard!_—can’t believe it—I

shall have to sit down and enlighten you—Smith! why, he’s the

man—”

“Man-_Fred_, I tell you!” here bawled out Miss Bas-Bleu, as I led

Mrs. Pirouette to a seat. “Did ever anybody hear the like? It’s

Man-_Fred_, I say, and not at all by any means Man-_Friday_.”

Here Miss Bas-Bleu beckoned to me in a very peremptory manner;

and I was obliged, will I nill I, to leave Mrs. P. for the

purpose of deciding a dispute touching the title of a certain

poetical drama of Lord Byron’s. Although I pronounced, with great

promptness, that the true title was Man-_Friday_, and not by any

means Man-_Fred_, yet when I returned to seek Mrs. Pirouette she

was not to be discovered, and I made my retreat from the house in

a very bitter spirit of animosity against the whole race of the

Bas-Bleus.

Matters had now assumed a really serious aspect, and I resolved

to call at once upon my particular friend, Mr. Theodore Sinivate;

for I knew that here at least I should get something like

definite information.

“Smith!” said he, in his well-known peculiar way of drawling out

his syllables; “Smith!—why, not General John A. B. C.? Savage

affair that with the Kickapo-o-o-os, wasn’t it? Say! don’t you

think so?—perfect despera-a-ado—great pity, ‘pon my

honor!—wonderfully inventive age!—pro-o-odigies of valor! By the

by, did you ever hear about Captain Ma-a-a-a-n?”

“Captain Mann be d—d!” said I; “please to go on with your story.”

“Hem!—oh well!—quite _la même cho-o-ose_, as we say in France.

Smith, eh? Brigadier-General John A.—B.—C.? I say”—[here Mr. S.

thought proper to put his finger to the side of his nose]—“I say,

you don’t mean to insinuate now, really and truly, and

conscientiously, that you don’t know all about that affair of

Smith’s, as well as I do, eh? Smith? John A—B—C.? Why, bless me,

he’s the ma-a-an—”

“_Mr_. Sinivate,” said I, imploringly, “_is_ he the man in the

mask?”

“No-o-o!” said he, looking wise, “nor the man in the mo-o-on.”

This reply I considered a pointed and positive insult, and so

left the house at once in high dudgeon, with a firm resolve to

call my friend, Mr. Sinivate, to a speedy account for his

ungentlemanly conduct and ill-breeding.

In the meantime, however, I had no notion of being thwarted

touching the information I desired. There was one resource left

me yet. I would go to the fountain-head. I would call forthwith

upon the General himself, and demand, in explicit terms, a

solution of this abominable piece of mystery. Here, at least,

there should be no chance for equivocation. I would be plain,

positive, peremptory—as short as pie-crust—as concise as Tacitus

or Montesquieu.

It was early when I called, and the General was dressing; but I

pleaded urgent business, and was shown at once into his bed-room

by an old negro valet, who remained in attendance during my

visit. As I entered the chamber, I looked about, of course, for

the occupant, but did not immediately perceive him. There was a

large and exceedingly odd-looking bundle of something which lay

close by my feet on the floor, and, as I was not in the best

humor in the world, I gave it a kick out of the way.

“Hem! ahem! rather civil that, I should say!” said the bundle, in

one of the smallest, and altogether the funniest little voices,

between a squeak and a whistle, that I ever heard in all the days

of my existence.

“Ahem! rather civil that, I should observe.”

I fairly shouted with terror, and made off, at a tangent, into

the farthest extremity of the room.

“God bless me! my dear fellow,” here again whistled the bundle,

“what—what—what—why, what _is_ the matter? I really believe you

don’t know me at all.”

What _could_ I say to all this—what _could_ I? I staggered into

an arm-chair, and, with staring eyes and open mouth, awaited the

solution of the wonder.

“Strange you shouldn’t know me though, isn’t it?” presently

re-squeaked the nondescript, which I now perceived was

performing, upon the floor, some inexplicable evolution, very

analogous to the drawing on of a stocking. There was only a

single leg, however, apparent.

“Strange you shouldn’t know me, though, isn’t it? Pompey, bring

me that leg!” Here Pompey handed the bundle, a very capital cork

leg, already dressed, which it screwed on in a trice; and then it

stood up before my eyes.

“And a bloody action it _was_,” continued the thing, as if in a

soliloquy; “but then one mustn’t fight with the Bugaboos and

Kickapoos, and think of coming off with a mere scratch. Pompey,

I’ll thank you now for that arm. Thomas” [turning to me] “is

decidedly the best hand at a cork leg; but if you should ever

want an arm, my dear fellow, you must really let me recommend you

to Bishop.” Here Pompey screwed on an arm.

“We had rather hot work of it, that you may say. Now, you dog,

slip on my shoulders and bosom! Pettitt makes the best shoulders,

but for a bosom you will have to go to Ducrow.”

“Bosom!” said I.

“Pompey, will you _never_ be ready with that wig? Scalping is a

rough process after all; but then you can procure such a capital

scratch at De L’Orme’s.”

“Scratch!”

“Now, you nigger, my teeth! For a _good_ set of these you had

better go to Parmly’s at once; high prices, but excellent work. I

swallowed some very capital articles, though, when the big

Bugaboo rammed me down with the butt end of his rifle.”

“Butt end! ram down!! my eye!!”

“O yes, by-the-by, my eye—here, Pompey, you scamp, screw it in !

Those Kickapoos are not so very slow at a gouge; but he’s a

belied man, that Dr. Williams, after all; you can’t imagine how

well I see with the eyes of his make.”

I now began very clearly to perceive that the object before me

was nothing more nor less than my new acquaintance, Brevet

Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith. The manipulations of

Pompey had made, I must confess, a very striking difference in

the appearance of the personal man. The voice, however, still

puzzled me no little; but even this apparent mystery was speedily

cleared up.

“Pompey, you black rascal,” squeaked the General, “I really do

believe you would let me go out without my palate.”

Hereupon, the negro, grumbling out an apology, went up to his

master, opened his mouth with the knowing air of a horse-jockey,

and adjusted therein a somewhat singular-looking machine, in a

very dexterous manner, that I could not altogether comprehend.

The alteration, however, in the entire expression of the

General’s countenance was instantaneous and surprising. When he

again spoke, his voice had resumed all that rich melody and

strength which I had noticed upon our original introduction.

“D—n the vagabonds!” said he, in so clear a tone that I

positively started at the change, “D—n the vagabonds! they not

only knocked in the roof of my mouth, but took the trouble to cut

off at least seven-eighths of my tongue. There isn’t Bonfanti’s

equal, however, in America, for really good articles of this

description. I can recommend you to him with confidence,” [here

the General bowed,] “and assure you that I have the greatest

pleasure in so doing.”

I acknowledged his kindness in my best manner, and took leave of

him at once, with a perfect understanding of the true state of

affairs—with a full comprehension of the mystery which had

troubled me so long. It was evident. It was a clear case. Brevet

Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith was the man—was _the man

that was used up_.

THE BUSINESS MAN

Method is the soul of business.—OLD SAYING.

I am a business man. I am a methodical man. Method is the thing,

after all. But there are no people I more heartily despise than

your eccentric fools who prate about method without understanding

it; attending strictly to its letter, and violating its spirit.

These fellows are always doing the most out-of-the-way things in

what they call an orderly manner. Now here, I conceive, is a

positive paradox. True method appertains to the ordinary and the

obvious alone, and cannot be applied to the _outré_. What

definite idea can a body attach to such expressions as

“methodical Jack o’ Dandy,” or “a systematical Will o’ the Wisp”?

My notions upon this head might not have been so clear as they

are, but for a fortunate accident which happened to me when I was

a very little boy. A good-hearted old Irish nurse (whom I shall

not forget in my will) took me up one day by the heels, when I

was making more noise than was necessary, and swinging me round

two or three times, d—d my eyes for “a skreeking little

spalpeen,” and then knocked my head into a cocked hat against the

bedpost. This, I say, decided my fate, and made my fortune. A

bump arose at once on my sinciput, and turned out to be as pretty

an organ of order as one shall see on a summer’s day. Hence that

positive appetite for system and regularity which has made me the

distinguished man of business that I am.

If there is any thing on earth I hate, it is a genius. Your

geniuses are all arrant asses—the greater the genius the greater

the ass—and to this rule there is no exception whatever.

Especially, you cannot make a man of business out of a genius,

any more than money out of a Jew, or the best nutmegs out of

pine-knots. The creatures are always going off at a tangent into

some fantastic employment, or ridiculous speculation, entirely at

variance with the “fitness of things,” and having no business

whatever to be considered as a business at all. Thus you may tell

these characters immediately by the nature of their occupations.

If you ever perceive a man setting up as a merchant or a

manufacturer, or going into the cotton or tobacco trade, or any

of those eccentric pursuits; or getting to be a drygoods dealer,

or soap-boiler, or something of that kind; or pretending to be a

lawyer, or a blacksmith, or a physician—any thing out of the

usual way—you may set him down at once as a genius, and then,

according to the rule-of-three, he’s an ass.

Now I am not in any respect a genius, but a regular business man.

My day-book and ledger will evince this in a minute. They are

well kept, though I say it myself; and, in my general habits of

accuracy and punctuality, I am not to be beat by a clock.

Moreover, my occupations have been always made to chime in with

the ordinary habitudes of my fellowmen. Not that I feel the least

indebted, upon this score, to my exceedingly weak-minded parents,

who, beyond doubt, would have made an arrant genius of me at

last, if my guardian angel had not come, in good time, to the

rescue. In biography the truth is every thing, and in

autobiography it is especially so—yet I scarcely hope to be

believed when I state, however solemnly, that my poor father put

me, when I was about fifteen years of age, into the

counting-house of what be termed “a respectable hardware and

commission merchant doing a capital bit of business!” A capital

bit of fiddlestick! However, the consequence of this folly was,

that in two or three days, I had to be sent home to my

button-headed family in a high state of fever, and with a most

violent and dangerous pain in the sinciput, all around about my

organ of order. It was nearly a gone case with me then—just

touch-and-go for six weeks—the physicians giving me up and all

that sort of thing. But, although I suffered much, I was a

thankful boy in the main. I was saved from being a “respectable

hardware and commission merchant, doing a capital bit of

business,” and I felt grateful to the protuberance which had been

the means of my salvation, as well as to the kindhearted female

who had originally put these means within my reach.

The most of boys run away from home at ten or twelve years of

age, but I waited till I was sixteen. I don’t know that I should

have gone even then, if I had not happened to hear my old mother

talk about setting me up on my own hook in the grocery way. The

grocery way!—only think of that! I resolved to be off forthwith,

and try and establish myself in some decent occupation, without

dancing attendance any longer upon the caprices of these

eccentric old people, and running the risk of being made a genius

of in the end. In this project I succeeded perfectly well at the

first effort, and by the time I was fairly eighteen, found myself

doing an extensive and profitable business in the Tailor’s

Walking-Advertisement line.

I was enabled to discharge the onerous duties of this profession,

only by that rigid adherence to system which formed the leading

feature of my mind. A scrupulous method characterized my actions

as well as my accounts. In my case it was method—not money—which

made the man: at least all of him that was not made by the tailor

whom I served. At nine, every morning, I called upon that

individual for the clothes of the day. Ten o’clock found me in

some fashionable promenade or other place of public amusement.

The precise regularity with which I turned my handsome person

about, so as to bring successively into view every portion of the

suit upon my back, was the admiration of all the knowing men in

the trade. Noon never passed without my bringing home a customer

to the house of my employers, Messrs. Cut & Comeagain. I say this

proudly, but with tears in my eyes—for the firm proved themselves

the basest of ingrates. The little account, about which we

quarreled and finally parted, cannot, in any item, be thought

overcharged, by gentlemen really conversant with the nature of

the business. Upon this point, however, I feel a degree of proud

satisfaction in permitting the reader to judge for himself. My

bill ran thus:

_Messrs. Cut & Comeagain, Merchant Tailors.

To Peter Proffit, Walking Advertiser,_ Drs.

July 10. to promenade, as usual and customer brought home $00 25

July 11. To do do do 25

July 12. To one lie, second class; damaged black cloth sold

for invisible green 25

July 13. To one lie, first class, extra quality and size;

recommended milled satinet as broadcloth, 75

July 20. To purchasing bran new paper shirt collar or dickey,

to set off gray Petersham 02

Aug. 15. To wearing double-padded bobtail frock, (thermometer

106 in the shade) 25

Aug. 16. Standing on one leg three hours, to show off

new-style strapped pants at 12 1/2 cents per leg per

hour 37½

Aug. 17. To promenade, as usual, and large customer brought

(fat man) 50

Aug. 18. To do do (medium size) 25

Aug. 19. To do do (small man and bad pay) 6

TOTAL $2 95½

The item chiefly disputed in this bill was the very moderate

charge of two pennies for the dickey. Upon my word of honor, this

was not an unreasonable price for that dickey. It was one of the

cleanest and prettiest little dickeys I ever saw; and I have good

reason to believe that it effected the sale of three Petershams.

The elder partner of the firm, however, would allow me only one

penny of the charge, and took it upon himself to show in what

manner four of the same sized conveniences could be got out of a

sheet of foolscap. But it is needless to say that I stood upon

the principle of the thing. Business is business, and should be

done in a business way. There was no system whatever in swindling

me out of a penny—a clear fraud of fifty per cent—no method in

any respect. I left at once the employment of Messrs. Cut &

Comeagain, and set up in the Eye-Sore line by myself—one of the

most lucrative, respectable, and independent of the ordinary

occupations.

My strict integrity, economy, and rigorous business habits, here

again came into play. I found myself driving a flourishing trade,

and soon became a marked man upon “Change.” The truth is, I never

dabbled in flashy matters, but jogged on in the good old sober

routine of the calling—a calling in which I should, no doubt,

have remained to the present hour, but for a little accident

which happened to me in the prosecution of one of the usual

business operations of the profession. Whenever a rich old hunks

or prodigal heir or bankrupt corporation gets into the notion of

putting up a palace, there is no such thing in the world as

stopping either of them, and this every intelligent person knows.

The fact in question is indeed the basis of the Eye-Sore trade.

As soon, therefore, as a building-project is fairly afoot by one

of these parties, we merchants secure a nice corner of the lot in

contemplation, or a prime little situation just adjoining, or

tight in front. This done, we wait until the palace is half-way

up, and then we pay some tasty architect to run us up an

ornamental mud hovel, right against it; or a Down-East or Dutch

Pagoda, or a pig-sty, or an ingenious little bit of fancy work,

either Esquimau, Kickapoo, or Hottentot. Of course we can’t

afford to take these structures down under a bonus of five

hundred per cent upon the prime cost of our lot and plaster. Can

we? I ask the question. I ask it of business men. It would be

irrational to suppose that we can. And yet there was a rascally

corporation which asked me to do this very thing—this very thing!

I did not reply to their absurd proposition, of course; but I

felt it a duty to go that same night, and lamp-black the whole of

their palace. For this the unreasonable villains clapped me into

jail; and the gentlemen of the Eye-Sore trade could not well

avoid cutting my connection when I came out.

The Assault-and-Battery business, into which I was now forced to

adventure for a livelihood, was somewhat ill-adapted to the

delicate nature of my constitution; but I went to work in it with

a good heart, and found my account here, as heretofore, in those

stern habits of methodical accuracy which had been thumped into

me by that delightful old nurse—I would indeed be the basest of

men not to remember her well in my will. By observing, as I say,

the strictest system in all my dealings, and keeping a

well-regulated set of books, I was enabled to get over many

serious difficulties, and, in the end, to establish myself very

decently in the profession. The truth is, that few individuals,

in any line, did a snugger little business than I. I will just

copy a page or so out of my Day-Book; and this will save me the

necessity of blowing my own trumpet—a contemptible practice of

which no high-minded man will be guilty. Now, the Day-Book is a

thing that don’t lie.

“Jan. 1.—New Year’s Day. Met Snap in the street, groggy.

Mem—he’ll do. Met Gruff shortly afterward, blind drunk. Mem—he’ll

answer, too. Entered both gentlemen in my Ledger, and opened a

running account with each.

“Jan. 2.—Saw Snap at the Exchange, and went up and trod on his

toe. Doubled his fist and knocked me down. Good!—got up again.

Some trifling difficulty with Bag, my attorney. I want the

damages at a thousand, but he says that for so simple a knock

down we can’t lay them at more than five hundred. Mem—must get

rid of Bag—no system at all.

“Jan. 3.—Went to the theatre, to look for Gruff. Saw him sitting

in a side box, in the second tier, between a fat lady and a lean

one. Quizzed the whole party through an opera-glass, till I saw

the fat lady blush and whisper to G. Went round, then, into the

box, and put my nose within reach of his hand. Wouldn’t pull

it—no go. Blew it, and tried again—no go. Sat down then, and

winked at the lean lady, when I had the high satisfaction of

finding him lift me up by the nape of the neck, and fling me over

into the pit. Neck dislocated, and right leg capitally

splintered. Went home in high glee, drank a bottle of champagne,

and booked the young man for five thousand. Bag says it’ll do.

“Feb. 15.—Compromised the case of Mr. Snap. Amount entered in

Journal—fifty cents—which see.

“Feb. 16.—Cast by that ruffian, Gruff, who made me a present of

five dollars. Costs of suit, four dollars and twenty-five cents.

Nett profit,—see Journal,—seventy-five cents.”

Now, here is a clear gain, in a very brief period, of no less

than one dollar and twenty-five cents—this is in the mere cases

of Snap and Gruff; and I solemnly assure the reader that these

extracts are taken at random from my Day-Book.

It’s an old saying, and a true one, however, that money is

nothing in comparison with health. I found the exactions of the

profession somewhat too much for my delicate state of body; and,

discovering, at last, that I was knocked all out of shape, so

that I didn’t know very well what to make of the matter, and so

that my friends, when they met me in the street, couldn’t tell

that I was Peter Proffit at all, it occurred to me that the best

expedient I could adopt was to alter my line of business. I

turned my attention, therefore, to Mud-Dabbling, and continued it

for some years.

The worst of this occupation is, that too many people take a

fancy to it, and the competition is in consequence excessive.

Every ignoramus of a fellow who finds that he hasn’t brains in

sufficient quantity to make his way as a walking advertiser, or

an eye-sore prig, or a salt-and-batter man, thinks, of course,

that he’ll answer very well as a dabbler of mud. But there never

was entertained a more erroneous idea than that it requires no

brains to mud-dabble. Especially, there is nothing to be made in

this way without method. I did only a retail business myself, but

my old habits of system carried me swimmingly along. I selected

my street-crossing, in the first place, with great deliberation,

and I never put down a broom in any part of the town but that. I

took care, too, to have a nice little puddle at hand, which I

could get at in a minute. By these means I got to be well known

as a man to be trusted; and this is one-half the battle, let me

tell you, in trade. Nobody ever failed to pitch me a copper, and

got over my crossing with a clean pair of pantaloons. And, as my

business habits, in this respect, were sufficiently understood, I

never met with any attempt at imposition. I wouldn’t have put up

with it, if I had. Never imposing upon any one myself, I suffered

no one to play the possum with me. The frauds of the banks of

course I couldn’t help. Their suspension put me to ruinous

inconvenience. These, however, are not individuals, but

corporations; and corporations, it is very well known, have

neither bodies to be kicked nor souls to be damned.

I was making money at this business when, in an evil moment, I

was induced to merge it in the Cur-Spattering—a somewhat

analogous, but, by no means, so respectable a profession. My

location, to be sure, was an excellent one, being central, and I

had capital blacking and brushes. My little dog, too, was quite

fat and up to all varieties of snuff. He had been in the trade a

long time, and, I may say, understood it. Our general routine was

this:—Pompey, having rolled himself well in the mud, sat upon end

at the shop door, until he observed a dandy approaching in bright

boots. He then proceeded to meet him, and gave the Wellingtons a

rub or two with his wool. Then the dandy swore very much, and

looked about for a boot-black. There I was, full in his view,

with blacking and brushes. It was only a minute’s work, and then

came a sixpence. This did moderately well for a time;—in fact, I

was not avaricious, but my dog was. I allowed him a third of the

profit, but he was advised to insist upon half. This I couldn’t

stand—so we quarrelled and parted.

I next tried my hand at the Organ-Grinding for a while, and may

say that I made out pretty well. It is a plain, straightforward

business, and requires no particular abilities. You can get a

music-mill for a mere song, and to put it in order, you have but

to open the works, and give them three or four smart raps with a

hammer. It improves the tone of the thing, for business purposes,

more than you can imagine. This done, you have only to stroll

along, with the mill on your back, until you see tanbark in the

street, and a knocker wrapped up in buckskin. Then you stop and

grind; looking as if you meant to stop and grind till doomsday.

Presently a window opens, and somebody pitches you a sixpence,

with a request to “Hush up and go on,” etc. I am aware that some

grinders have actually afforded to “go on” for this sum; but for

my part, I found the necessary outlay of capital too great to

permit of my “going on” under a shilling.

At this occupation I did a good deal; but, somehow, I was not

quite satisfied, and so finally abandoned it. The truth is, I

labored under the disadvantage of having no monkey—and American

streets are so muddy, and a Democratic rabble is so obstrusive,

and so full of demnition mischievous little boys.

I was now out of employment for some months, but at length

succeeded, by dint of great interest, in procuring a situation in

the Sham-Post. The duties, here, are simple, and not altogether

unprofitable. For example:—very early in the morning I had to

make up my packet of sham letters. Upon the inside of each of

these I had to scrawl a few lines on any subject which occurred

to me as sufficiently mysterious—signing all the epistles Tom

Dobson, or Bobby Tompkins, or anything in that way. Having folded

and sealed all, and stamped them with sham postmarks—New Orleans,

Bengal, Botany Bay, or any other place a great way off—I set out,

forthwith, upon my daily route, as if in a very great hurry. I

always called at the big houses to deliver the letters, and

receive the postage. Nobody hesitates at paying for a

letter—especially for a double one—people are such fools—and it

was no trouble to get round a corner before there was time to

open the epistles. The worst of this profession was, that I had

to walk so much and so fast; and so frequently to vary my route.

Besides, I had serious scruples of conscience. I can’t bear to

hear innocent individuals abused—and the way the whole town took

to cursing Tom Dobson and Bobby Tompkins was really awful to

hear. I washed my hands of the matter in disgust.

My eighth and last speculation has been in the Cat-Growing way. I

have found that a most pleasant and lucrative business, and,

really, no trouble at all. The country, it is well known, has

become infested with cats—so much so of late, that a petition for

relief, most numerously and respectably signed, was brought

before the Legislature at its late memorable session. The

Assembly, at this epoch, was unusually well-informed, and, having

passed many other wise and wholesome enactments, it crowned all

with the Cat-Act. In its original form, this law offered a

premium for cat-heads (fourpence a-piece), but the Senate

succeeded in amending the main clause, so as to substitute the

word “tails” for “heads.” This amendment was so obviously proper,

that the House concurred in it nem. con.

As soon as the governor had signed the bill, I invested my whole

estate in the purchase of Toms and Tabbies. At first I could only

afford to feed them upon mice (which are cheap), but they

fulfilled the scriptural injunction at so marvellous a rate, that

I at length considered it my best policy to be liberal, and so

indulged them in oysters and turtle. Their tails, at a

legislative price, now bring me in a good income; for I have

discovered a way, in which, by means of Macassar oil, I can force

three crops in a year. It delights me to find, too, that the

animals soon get accustomed to the thing, and would rather have

the appendages cut off than otherwise. I consider myself,

therefore, a made man, and am bargaining for a country-seat on

the Hudson.

THE LANDSCAPE GARDEN

The garden like a lady fair was cut

That lay as if she slumbered in delight,

And to the open skies her eyes did shut;

The azure fields of heaven were ’sembled right

In a large round set with flow’rs of light:

The flowers de luce and the round sparks of dew

That hung upon their azure leaves, did show

Like twinkling stars that sparkle in the ev’ning blue.

—GILES FLETCHER

No more remarkable man ever lived than my friend, the young

Ellison. He was remarkable in the entire and continuous profusion

of good gifts ever lavished upon him by fortune. From his cradle

to his grave, a gale of the blandest prosperity bore him along.

Nor do I use the word Prosperity in its mere wordly or external

sense. I mean it as synonymous with happiness. The person of whom

I speak, seemed born for the purpose of foreshadowing the wild

doctrines of Turgot, Price, Priestley, and Condorcet—of

exemplifying, by individual instance, what has been deemed the

mere chimera of the perfectionists. In the brief existence of

Ellison, I fancy, that I have seen refuted the dogma—that in

man’s physical and spiritual nature, lies some hidden principle,

the antagonist of Bliss. An intimate and anxious examination of

his career, has taught me to understand that, in general, from

the violation of a few simple laws of Humanity, arises the

Wretchedness of mankind; that, as a species, we have in our

possession the as yet unwrought elements of Content,—and that

even now, in the present blindness and darkness of all idea on

the great question of the Social Condition, it is not impossible

that Man, the individual, under certain unusual and highly

fortuitous conditions, may be happy.

With opinions such as these was my young friend fully imbued; and

thus is it especially worthy of observation that the

uninterrupted enjoyment which distinguished his life was in great

part the result of preconcert. It is, indeed evident, that with

less of the instinctive philosophy which, now and then, stands so

well in the stead of experience, Mr. Ellison would have found

himself precipitated, by the very extraordinary successes of his

life, into the common vortex of Unhappiness which yawns for those

of preeminent endowments. But it is by no means my present object

to pen an essay on Happiness. The ideas of my friend may be

summed up in a few words. He admitted but four unvarying laws, or

rather elementary principles, of Bliss. That which he considered

chief, was (strange to say!) the simple and purely physical one

of free exercise in the open air. “The health,” he said,

“attainable by other means than this is scarcely worth the name.”

He pointed to the tillers of the earth—the only people who, as a

class, are proverbially more happy than others—and then he

instanced the high ecstasies of the fox-hunter. His second

principle was the love of woman. His third was the contempt of

ambition. His fourth was an object of unceasing pursuit; and he

held that, other things being equal, the extent of happiness was

proportioned to the spirituality of this object.

I have said that Ellison was remarkable in the continuous

profusion of good gifts lavished upon him by Fortune. In personal

grace and beauty he exceeded all men. His intellect was of that

order to which the attainment of knowledge is less a labor than a

necessity and an intuition. His family was one of the most

illustrious of the empire. His bride was the loveliest and most

devoted of women. His possessions had been always ample; but,

upon the attainment of his one and twentieth year, it was

discovered that one of those extraordinary freaks of Fate had

been played in his behalf which startle the whole social world

amid which they occur, and seldom fail radically to alter the

entire moral constitution of those who are their objects. It

appears that about one hundred years prior to Mr. Ellison’s

attainment of his majority, there had died, in a remote province,

one Mr. Seabright Ellison. This gentlemen had amassed a princely

fortune, and, having no very immediate connexions, conceived the

whim of suffering his wealth to accumulate for a century after

his decease. Minutely and sagaciously directing the various modes

of investment, he bequeathed the aggregate amount to the nearest

of blood, bearing the name Ellison, who should be alive at the

end of the hundred years. Many futile attempts had been made to

set aside this singular bequest; their ex post facto character

rendered them abortive; but the attention of a jealous government

was aroused, and a decree finally obtained, forbidding all

similar accumulations. This act did not prevent young Ellison,

upon his twenty-first birth-day, from entering into possession,

as the heir of his ancestor, Seabright, of a fortune of four

hundred and fifty millions of dollars. {*1}

When it had become definitely known that such was the enormous

wealth inherited, there were, of course, many speculations as to

the mode of its disposal. The gigantic magnitude and the

immediately available nature of the sum, dazzled and bewildered

all who thought upon the topic. The possessor of any appreciable

amount of money might have been imagined to perform any one of a

thousand things. With riches merely surpassing those of any

citizen, it would have been easy to suppose him engaging to

supreme excess in the fashionable extravagances of his time; or

busying himself with political intrigues; or aiming at

ministerial power; or purchasing increase of nobility, or

devising gorgeous architectural piles; or collecting large

specimens of Virtu; or playing the munificent patron of Letters

and Art; or endowing and bestowing his name upon extensive

institutions of charity. But, for the inconceivable wealth in the

actual possession of the young heir, these objects and all

ordinary objects were felt to be inadequate. Recourse was had to

figures; and figures but sufficed to confound. It was seen, that

even at three per cent, the annual income of the inheritance

amounted to no less than thirteen millions and five hundred

thousand dollars; which was one million and one hundred and

twenty-five thousand per month; or thirty-six thousand, nine

hundred and eighty-six per day, or one thousand five hundred and

forty-one per hour, or six and twenty dollars for every minute

that flew. Thus the usual track of supposition was thoroughly

broken up. Men knew not what to imagine. There were some who even

conceived that Mr. Ellison would divest himself forthwith of at

least two-thirds of his fortune as of utterly superfluous

opulence; enriching whole troops of his relatives by division of

his superabundance.

I was not surprised, however, to perceive that he had long made

up his mind upon a topic which had occasioned so much of

discussion to his friends. Nor was I greatly astonished at the

nature of his decision. In the widest and noblest sense, he was a

poet. He comprehended, moreover, the true character, the august

aims, the supreme majesty and dignity of the poetic sentiment.

The proper gratification of the sentiment he instinctively felt

to lie in the creation of novel forms of Beauty. Some

peculiarities, either in his early education, or in the nature of

his intellect, had tinged with what is termed materialism the

whole cast of his ethical speculations; and it was this bias,

perhaps, which imperceptibly led him to perceive that the most

advantageous, if not the sole legitimate field for the exercise

of the poetic sentiment, was to be found in the creation of novel

moods of purely physical loveliness. Thus it happened that he

became neither musician nor poet; if we use this latter term in

its every-day acceptation. Or it might have been that he became

neither the one nor the other, in pursuance of an idea of his

which I have already mentioned—the idea, that in the contempt of

ambition lay one of the essential principles of happiness on

earth. Is it not, indeed, possible that while a high order of

genius is necessarily ambitious, the highest is invariably above

that which is termed ambition? And may it not thus happen that

many far greater than Milton, have contentedly remained “mute and

inglorious?” I believe the world has never yet seen, and that,

unless through some series of accidents goading the noblest order

of mind into distasteful exertion, the world will never behold,

that full extent of triumphant execution, in the richer

productions of Art, of which the human nature is absolutely

capable.

Mr. Ellison became neither musician nor poet; although no man

lived more profoundly enamored both of Music and the Muse. Under

other circumstances than those which invested him, it is not

impossible that he would have become a painter. The field of

sculpture, although in its nature rigidly poetical, was too

limited in its extent and in its consequences, to have occupied,

at any time, much of his attention. And I have now mentioned all

the provinces in which even the most liberal understanding of the

poetic sentiment has declared this sentiment capable of

expatiating. I mean the most liberal public or recognized

conception of the idea involved in the phrase “poetic sentiment.”

But Mr. Ellison imagined that the richest, and altogether the

most natural and most suitable province, had been blindly

neglected. No definition had spoken of the Landscape-Gardener, as

of the poet; yet my friend could not fail to perceive that the

creation of the Landscape-Garden offered to the true muse the

most magnificent of opportunities. Here was, indeed, the fairest

field for the display of invention, or imagination, in the

endless combining of forms of novel Beauty; the elements which

should enter into combination being, at all times, and by a vast

superiority, the most glorious which the earth could afford. In

the multiform of the tree, and in the multicolor of the flower,

he recognized the most direct and the most energetic efforts of

Nature at physical loveliness. And in the direction or

concentration of this effort, or, still more properly, in its

adaption to the eyes which were to behold it upon earth, he

perceived that he should be employing the best means—laboring to

the greatest advantage—in the fulfilment of his destiny as Poet.

“Its adaptation to the eyes which were to behold it upon earth.”

In his explanation of this phraseology, Mr. Ellison did much

towards solving what has always seemed to me an enigma. I mean

the fact (which none but the ignorant dispute) that no such

combinations of scenery exist in Nature as the painter of genius

has in his power to produce. No such Paradises are to be found in

reality as have glowed upon the canvass of Claude. In the most

enchanting of natural landscapes, there will always be found a

defect or an excess—many excesses and defects. While the

component parts may exceed, individually, the highest skill of

the artist, the arrangement of the parts will always be

susceptible of improvement. In short, no position can be

attained, from which an artistical eye, looking steadily, will

not find matter of offence, in what is technically termed the

composition of a natural landscape. And yet how unintelligible is

this! In all other matters we are justly instructed to regard

Nature as supreme. With her details we shrink from competition.

Who shall presume to imitate the colors of the tulip, or to

improve the proportions of the lily of the valley? The criticism

which says, of sculpture or of portraiture, that “Nature is to be

exalted rather than imitated,” is in error. No pictorial or

sculptural combinations of points of human loveliness, do more

than approach the living and breathing human beauty as it

gladdens our daily path. Byron, who often erred, erred not in

saying, I’ve seen more living beauty, ripe and real, than all the

nonsense of their stone ideal. In landscape alone is the

principle of the critic true; and, having felt its truth here, it

is but the headlong spirit of generalization which has induced

him to pronounce it true throughout all the domains of Art.

Having, I say, felt its truth here. For the feeling is no

affectation or chimera. The mathematics afford no more absolute

demonstrations, than the sentiment of his Art yields to the

artist. He not only believes, but positively knows, that such and

such apparently arbitrary arrangements of matter, or form,

constitute, and alone constitute, the true Beauty. Yet his

reasons have not yet been matured into expression. It remains for

a more profound analysis than the world has yet seen, fully to

investigate and express them. Nevertheless is he confirmed in his

instinctive opinions, by the concurrence of all his compeers. Let

a composition be defective; let an emendation be wrought in its

mere arrangement of form; let this emendation be submitted to

every artist in the world; by each will its necessity be

admitted. And even far more than this, in remedy of the defective

composition, each insulated member of the fraternity will suggest

the identical emendation.

I repeat that in landscape arrangements, or collocations alone,

is the physical Nature susceptible of “exaltation” and that,

therefore, her susceptibility of improvement at this one point,

was a mystery which, hitherto I had been unable to solve. It was

Mr. Ellison who first suggested the idea that what we regarded as

improvement or exaltation of the natural beauty, was really such,

as respected only the mortal or human point of view; that each

alteration or disturbance of the primitive scenery might possibly

effect a blemish in the picture, if we could suppose this picture

viewed at large from some remote point in the heavens. “It is

easily understood,” says Mr. Ellison, “that what might improve a

closely scrutinized detail, might, at the same time, injure a

general and more distantly observed effect.” He spoke upon this

topic with warmth: regarding not so much its immediate or obvious

importance (which is little), as the character of the conclusions

to which it might lead, or of the collateral propositions which

it might serve to corroborate or sustain. There might be a class

of beings, human once, but now to humanity invisible, for whose

scrutiny and for whose refined appreciation of the beautiful,

more especially than for our own, had been set in order by God

the great landscape-garden of the whole earth.

In the course of our discussion, my young friend took occasion to

quote some passages from a writer who has been supposed to have

well treated this theme.

“There are, properly,” he writes, “but two styles of

landscape-gardening, the natural and the artificial. One seeks to

recall the original beauty of the country, by adapting its means

to the surrounding scenery; cultivating trees in harmony with the

hills or plain of the neighboring land; detecting and bringing

into practice those nice relations of size, proportion and color

which, hid from the common observer, are revealed everywhere to

the experienced student of nature. The result of the natural

style of gardening, is seen rather in the absence of all defects

and incongruities—in the prevalence of a beautiful harmony and

order, than in the creation of any special wonders or miracles.

The artificial style has as many varieties as there are different

tastes to gratify. It has a certain general relation to the

various styles of building. There are the stately avenues and

retirements of Versailles; Italian terraces; and a various mixed

old English style, which bears some relation to the domestic

Gothic or English Elizabethan architecture. Whatever may be said

against the abuses of the artificial landscape-gardening, a

mixture of pure art in a garden scene, adds to it a great beauty.

This is partly pleasing to the eye, by the show of order and

design, and partly moral. A terrace, with an old moss-covered

balustrade, calls up at once to the eye, the fair forms that have

passed there in other days. The slightest exhibition of art is an

evidence of care and human interest.”

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