E.
Seller,
Ebor.
Jn^o Pullein, churchwarden."
The second:
"Iesus be ovr speed. P. S., T. W., H. S., I. W., M. W. 1664."
The third:
"Deo Gloria pxa Hominibus. 1627."
The fourth:
"Jesus be our speed. 1625."
The fifth:
"Soli Deo Gloria Pax Hominibus. 1631."
The letters P. S., on the second bell, are the initials of Dr. Peter
Samwaies, who died April 5, 1693, having been thirty-one years rector of
Bedale.
On the fly-leaf of one of the later registers at Hornby, near Bedale, is
written the following memorandum:
"Inscription on the third bell at Hornby:
'When I do ring,
God's praises sing;
When I do toll,
Pray heart and soul.'
This bell was given to the parish church of Hornby by the Lord Conyers
in the reign of Henry VII., but, being broken, was recast by William
Lord D'Arcy and Conyers, the second of the name, 1656."
PATONCE.
Charwelton Church, Northants:
1. Broken to pieces: some fragments in the vestry. On one piece, "Ave
Maria."
2. "Jesus Nazarenus rex Judeorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1630."
3. appears a collection of Saxon letters put together without connexion.
4. "Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,
Cum sono si non vis venire. 1630."
Heyford Church, Northants:
1. "God saue the King. 1638."
2. "Cum cum Praie. 1601."
3. "Henry Penn made me. 1704.
John Paine, Thmoas [_sic_] Middleton, churchwardens."
4. "Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me
To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."
With coat of arms of the Morgans on the side.
Floore Church, Northants:
1. "Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1743.
James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."
2. "Cantate Domino cantum novum. 1679."
3. "Henry Bagley made mee. 1679."
4. "Matthew Bagley made mee. 1679."
5. "John Phillips and Robert Bullocke, churchwardens. 1679."
6. "To the church the living call,
And to the grave do summonds [_sic_] all.
Russell of Wooton made me,
In seventeen hundred and forty-three."
Three coins inserted round the top.
Slapton Church, Northants:
1. [The Sancte bell] "Richard de Wambis me fesit" [_sic_].
2. "Xpe audi nos."
3. "Ultima sum trina campana vocor Katerina."
All in Saxon letters. No dates.
Inscription cut on the frame of Slapton bells:
"BE . IT . KNO
WEN . UN
TO . ALL . TH
IS . SAME . TH
AT . THOMAS
COWPER . OF
WOODEND .
MADE . THIS . FRAME.
1634."
Hellidon Church, Northants:
1. "God save the King. 1635."
2. "IHS Nazarenus rex Judæorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1635."
3. "Celorum Christe platiat [_sic_] tibi rex sonus iste. 1615."
4. Same as 2.
Dodford Church, Northants:
1. "Matthew Bagley made me. 1679."
2. "Campana gravida peperit filias. 1674."
3. "IHS Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1632."
4. "Ex Dono Johannis Wyrley Armiger. 1614."
And five coins round the lip.
5. Inscription same as 3. Date 1626.
6. Ditto ditto Date 1624.
Wappenham Church, Northants:
1. "Henry Bagley made me. 1664."
2. "R. T. 1518. [+]"
3. "Praise the Lord. 1599."
4. "GOD SAVE KING JAMES. R. A. 1610."
Three coins on lip and bell-founder's arms.
The Sancte bell was recast in 1842, and hangs now in the north window of
belfry. {595}
Brackley, St. Peter's Church, Northants:
1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1628."
2. "God save the King. 1628."
3. Same as 1.
4. "Celorum Christe platiat [_sic_] tibi rex sonus iste. 1628."
5. "Cum sono si non vis venire, }
Nunquam ad preces cupies ire } 1628."
Dunton Church, Leicestershire:
1. "IHS Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1619."
2. "Be it knone to all that doth me see,
That Clay of Leicester made me.
Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."
3. Same as 1. Date 1621.
Leire Church, Leicestershire:
1. "Jesus be oure good speed. 1654."
2. "Henricus Bagley _fecit_. 1675."
3. "Recast A.D. 1755, John Sleath, C.W.;
Tho^s Eyre de Kettering _fecit_."
Frolesworth Church, Leicestershire:
1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1635."
2. In Old English characters (no date):
"Dum Rosa precata mundi Maria vocata."
3. Same as 1.
J. R. M., M.A.
The legend noted from a bell at Sidmouth (Vol. ix., p. 109.), namely,--
"Est michi collatum
Ihc istud nomen amatum,"
is not an unusual inscription on mediæval black-letter bells, if I may use
the expression. The characters are small. It is on two bells at Teignmouth,
and is on one of the bells in this tower:
1. "[+] Voce mea viva depello cuncta nociva."
2. "[+] Est michi collatum Ihc istud nomen amatum."
3. "Embrace trew museck."
A correspondent, MR. W. S. SIMPSON (Vol. viii., p. 448.), asks the date of
the earliest known examples of bells.
Dates on mediæval bells are, I believe, very rare in England. I have but
few notes of any. My impression is that such bells are as old as the towers
which contain them, judging from the character of the letter, the wear and
tear of the iron work, aye, of the bell itself. Many old bells have been
recast, and on _such_ there is often a record of the date of its prototype.
For instance, at St. Peter's, Exeter:
"Ex dono Petri Courtenay," &c., "1484;" "renovat," &c., "1676."
At Chester-le-Street:
"Thomas Langley dedit," &c., "1409;" "refounded," &c., "1665."
I will add two or three with dates.
Bruton, Somerset:
"Est Stephanus primus lapidatus gracia plenus. 1528."
At St. Alkmond's, Derby:
"Ut tuba sic resono, ad templa venite pii. 1586."
At Lympey Stoke, Somerset:
"W. P., I. A. F. 1596."
Hexham. Old bells taken down 1742:
1. "Ad primos cantus pulsat nos Rex gloriosus."
2. "Et cantare ... faciet nos vox Nicholai."
3. "Est nobis digna Katerine vox benigna."
4. "Omnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.
A.D. MCCCCIIII."
5. "Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.
A.D. MCCCCIIII."
6. "Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.
A.D. MCCCCIIII."
Any earlier dates would be acceptable.
On the Continent bells are usually dated. I will extract, from Roccha _De
Campanis_, those at St. Peter's at Rome.
The great bell:
"In nomine Domini, Matris, Petriq., Pauliq.
Accipe devotum, parvum licet, accipe munus,
Quod tibi Christe dat[=u] Petri, Pauliq. tri[=u]phum,
Explicat, et nostram petit, populiq. salutem
Ipsorum pietate dari, meritisq. refundi
Et verbum caro factum est.
Anno milleno trecento cum quinquageno
Additis et tribus Septembris mense colatur;
Ponderat et millia decies septiesq. librarum."
2. "In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. Am[=e].
Ad honorem Dei, et Beatæ Mariæ Virginis,
Et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli,
Verbum Caro factum est,
Solve jubente Deo terrar[=u] Petre cathenas, qui facis,
Ut pateant coelestia Regna beatis,
M
Hæc campana cum alia majore ponderante ---
XVI.
Post consumptionem ignito fulgure, anno precedente
imminente, fusa est, anno Domini MCCCLIII.
Mense Junii, et ponderat hæc MX et centena librarum.
Amen."
3. "Nomine Dominico Patris, prolisq. spirati
Ordine tertiam Petri primæ succedere noscant.
Per dies paucos quotquot sub nomine dicto
Sanctam Ecclesiam colunt in agmine trino. Amen."
4. "Anno Domini MCCLXXXVIIII. ad honorem Dei, et Beatæ Mariæ Virginis,
et Sancti Thomæ Apostoli Tempore Fratris Joannis de Leodio Ministri,
factum fuit hoc opus de legato quondam Domini {596} Rikardi Domini Papæ
Notarii. Guidottus Pisanus me fecit."
On a small bell:
"Mentem Sanctam Spontaneam, honorem Deo,
Et Patris liberationem.
Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum;
Benedicta tu in mulieribus
Et benedictus fructus ventris tui."
In the Church of St. John Lateran was a bell with a mutilated inscription;
but the date is plain, 1389. The name of Boniface IX. is on it, who was
Sum. Pont. in that year.
In the Church of St. Mariæ Majoris were two bells dated anno Dom. 1285; and
another 1291.
In the Church of the Jesuits was a bell with this inscription, brought from
England:
"Facta fuit A. Dom. 1400, Die vi M[=e]sis Sept[=e]bris.
Sancta Barbara, ora pro nobis."
Roccha, who published his _Commentary_ 1612, says:
"In multis Campanis _fit mentio de Anno, in quo facta est Campana_,
necnon de ipsius Ecclesiæ Rectore, vel optime merito, et Campanæ
artifice, _ut ego ipse vidi Romæ_, ubi præcipuarum Ecclesiarum, et
Basilicarum inscriptiones Campanis incisas perlegi."--P. 55.
So that it would appear that the practice of inscribing dates on bells was
usual on the Continent, though for some reason or other it did not
generally obtain in England till after the Reformation. I have a Note of
another foreign bell or two with an early date.
At Strasburg:
"[+] O Rex gloriæ Christe, veni cum pace! MCCCLXXV. tertio Nonas Augusti."
On another:
"Vox ego sum vitæ, voco vos, orate, venite. 1461."
On a bell called St. D'Esprit:
"Anno Dom. MCCCCXXVII mense Julio fusa sum, per
Magistrum Joannem Gremp de Argentina.
Nuncio festa, metum, nova quædam flebile lethum."
A bell called the Magistrates:
"Als man zahlt 1475 Jahr
War Kaiser Friedrick hier offenbar:
Da hat mich Meister Thomas Jost gegossen
Dem Rath zu laüten ohnverdrossen."
On another:
"Nomen Domini sit benedictum. 1806."
I would beg to add a Note of one more early and interesting bell which was
at Upsala:
"[+] Anno . Domini . MDXIIII . fusa . est . ista . Campana .
in . honorem . Sancti . Erici . Regis . et .
Martiris . Rex . erat . Ericus . humilis . devotus .
honestus . prudens . V."
What V. means is rather a puzzle.
I fear I have already extended this reply to a length beyond all fair
limit. I may at some future time (if desirable) send you a long roll of
legends on mediæval bells without dates, and others of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, some of a devotional character, and others of the
style of unseemly and godless epitaphs. But it is to be hoped that in
these, as in other like matters, a better taste is beginning to
predominate; and it must be a subject of congratulation that
"Jam nova progenies coelo demittitur alto."
H. T. ELLACOMBE.
Rectory, Clyst St. George.
In the steeple of Foulden Church, South Greenhoe Hd., Norfolk, are six
bells with inscriptions as under:
1. "Thos. Osborn _fecit_. 1802.
Peace and good neighbourhood."
2. "The laws to praise, my voice I raise."
3. "Thos. Osborn _fecit_, Downham, Norfolk."
4. "Our voices shall with joyful sound
Make hill and valley echo round."
5. "I to the church the living call,
And to the grave I summon all."
6. "Long live King George the Third.
Thomas Osborn _fecit_, 1802."
GODDARD JOHNSON.
* * * * *
DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.
(Vol. ix., p. 349.)
Your correspondent MR. THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER inquires whether any
descendants of the De Beauvoirs of Guernsey are still existing. The family
was, at one time, so numerous in that island that there are few of the
gentry who cannot claim a De Beauvoir among their ancestors; but the name
itself became extinct there by the death of Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq., in
1810. Some few years later, the last of a branch of the family settled in
England died, leaving a very large property, which was inherited by a Mr.
Benyon, who assumed the name of De Beauvoir.
The name is also to be found in the Irish baronetcy; a baronet of the name
of Brown having married the daughter and heiress of the Rev. Peter de
Beauvoir, the widow I believe of an Admiral McDougal, and thereupon taking
up his wife's maiden name.
With respect to the pedigree which MR. POTTER quotes, and of which many
copies exist in this island, it is without doubt one of the most impudent
forgeries in that way ever perpetrated. From internal evidence, it was
drawn up at the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth, or at the beginning
{597} of the reign of James I., as the compiler speaks of Roger, Earl of
Rutland, as being living. This nobleman succeeded to the title in 1588, and
died in 1612. The pedigree ends in the Guernsey line with Henry de
Beauvoir; whom we may therefore presume to have been still alive, or but
recently deceased; and whose great-grandfather, according to the pedigree,
was the first of the name in the island. Allowing three generations to a
century, this would throw back the arrival of the first of the De Beauvoirs
to some part of the sixteenth century; but we have proof that they were
settled here long before that time. In an authentic document, preserved
among the records of the island, the extent of the crown revenues drawn up
by order of Edward III. in 1331, the names of Pierre and Guillaume de
Beauvoir are found. Another Pierre de Beauvoir, apparently the
great-grandson of the above-mentioned Pierre, was Bailiff of Guernsey from
1470 to 1480. As for the family of Harryes, no such I believe ever existed
in Guernsey; but a gentleman of the name of Peter Henry, belonging to a
family of very ancient standing in the island, bought property in Salisbury
in the year 1551, where the name seems to have been Anglicised to Harrys or
Harris; as the name of his son Andrew, who was a jurat of the Royal Court
of Guernsey, appears as often on the records of the island in the one form
as in the other. One of Peter Henry's or Harris's daughters was married at
Salisbury to a Henry de Beauvoir; and I have no doubt this is the marriage
with which the pedigree ends. If I am right, the Harryes' pedigree has no
more claim to authenticity than the De Beauvoir. If MR. POTTER wishes for
farther information, and will communicate with me, I shall be happy to
answer his inquiries as far as I am able.
The pedigree itself, however, suggests two or three Queries which I should
like to see answered.
The heading is signed Hamlet Sankye or Saukye. Is anything known of such a
person?
The pedigree speaks of Sir Robert de Beauveir of Tarwell, Knt., _now
living_. Was there ever a family of the name of De Beauveir, De Beauvoir,
or Beaver, of Tarwell, in Nottinghamshire? And if there was, what arms did
they bear?
If there was such a family, was it in any way connected with any of the
early proprietors of Belvoir Castle?
Is anything known of a family of the name of Harryes or Harris of Orton,
and what were their arms?
EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
Guernsey.
* * * * *
RIGHT OF REFUGE IN THE CHURCH PORCH.
(Vol. ix., p. 325.)
The following entry appears in a Corporation Book of this city, under the
year 1662:
"Thomas Corbold, who hath a loathesome disease, have, with his wife and
two children, layne in the Porch of St. Peters per Mountegate above one
year; it is now ordered by the Court that he be put into some place in
the Pest-houses during the pleasure of the Court, untill the
Lazar-houses be repaired."
How they were supported during the year does not appear, or if he belonged
to the parish; nor is it said that it was considered he gained settlement
on the parish by continuing in the porch one year.
I have heard of similar instances under an idea that any person may lodge
in a church porch, and are not removable; but I believe it is an erroneous
idea.
GODDARD JOHNSON.
In proof of the idea being current among the lower orders, that the church
porch is a place of refuge for any houseless parishioners, I beg to state
that a poor woman of the adjoining parish of Langford, came the other day
to ask whether I, as a magistrate, could render her any assistance, as, in
consequence of her husband's father and mother having gone to America, she
and her family had become houseless, and were obliged to take up their
abode in the church porch.
A. S.
West Tofts Rectory, Brandon, Norfolk.
I know an instance where a person found a temporary, but at the same time
an involuntary, home in a church porch. There was a dispute between the
parishes of Frodingham and Broughton, co. Lincoln, some twelve months ago,
as to the settlement of an old woman. She had been living for some time in,
and had become chargeable to the latter parish, but was said to belong to
the former. By some means or other the woman's son was induced to convey
his mother to the parish of Frodingham, which he did; and as he knew quite
well that the overseer of the parish would not receive her at his hands, he
adopted the somewhat strange course of leaving her in the church porch,
where she remained until evening, when the overseer of Frodingham took her
away, fearing that her life might be in danger from exposure to the cold,
she being far advanced in years. Until I saw CHEVERELLS' Query, I thought
the depository of the old woman in the church porch was, so far as the
_place_ of deposit was concerned, more accidental than designed; but after
all it may be the remnant of some such custom as that of which he speaks,
and I, for one, should be glad to see farther inquiry made into it. To
which of J. H. Parker's _Parochial Tales_ does CHEVERELLS allude?
W. E. HOWLETT.
Kirton-in-Lindsey.
{598}
* * * * *
FERDINAND CHARLES III., DUKE OF PARMA.
(Vol. ix., p. 417.)
The late Duke of Parma was not the first lineal representative of the
Stuarts, as stated by E. S. S. W. Victor Emanuel, King of Sardinia, who
succeeded in 1802, left by his wife Maria Theresa of Austria four
daughters. The eldest of these four, Beatrix, born in 1792, married, in
1812, Francis IV., Duke of Modena, and by him (who died on the 21st of
January, 1846) had issue two sons and two daughters. The eldest of these
sons, Francis V., the present reigning Duke of Modena, is therefore the
person who would be now sitting on the English throne had the Stuarts kept
the succession. He has no children, I believe, by his wife Adelgonda of
Bavaria; and the next person in succession would therefore be Dorothea, the
infant daughter of his deceased brother Victor.
Victor Emanuel's _second_ daughter was Maria Theresa, who married Charles
Duke of Parma, as stated by E. S. S. W.
The present Countess of Chambord is Maria Theresa Beatrice-Gaëtana, the
eldest of the two sisters of Francis V., Duke of Modena. She is therefore
wife of the representative of the House of Bourbon, and sister to the
representative of the House of Stuart.
S. L. P.
Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Allow me to correct the statement made by your correspondent, that the Duke
of Parma represented the Royal House of Stuart. The mother of the late Duke
of Parma had an elder sister, Maria Beatrice, who married Francis IV., late
Duke of Modena, and upon her death, in 1840, the _representation_ devolved
upon her son, Francis V., the present Duke of Modena, who was born in 1819.
P. V.
Allow me to remark on the article of E. S. S. W. (Vol. ix., p. 417.)
respecting the House of Stuart, that he is in error in assigning that
honour to the late Duke of Parma, and, as a consequence, to his infant son
and successor, Robert, now Duke of Parma. The late Duke was undoubtedly a
descendant of Charles I. through his mother; but his mother had an _elder_
sister, Beatrice, late Duchess of Modena, whose son, Francis V., now Duke
of Modena, born 1st June, 1819, is the unquestionable heir to the House of
Stuart, and, as a Jacobite would say, if any such curiosity there be in
existence, legitimate King of Great Britain and Ireland.
J. REYNELL WREFORD.
Bristol.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
_Mr. Townsend's Wax-paper Process._--At the last meeting of the
Photographic Society a paper was read by Mr. Townsend, giving the results
of a series of experiments instituted by him in reference to the wax-paper
process. One of the great objections hitherto made to this process has been
its slowness, as compared with the original calotype process, and its
various modifications; and another, that its preparation involved some
complexity of manipulation. Mr. Townsend has simplified the process
materially, having found that the use of the fluoride and cyanide of
potassium, as directed by Le Gray, in no way adds to the efficiency of the
process, either in accelerating or otherwise. The iodide and bromide of
potassium with free iodine give a paper which produces rapid, sure, and
clean results. He discards whey, sugar of milk, grape sugar, &c., hitherto
deemed essential, but which his experience shows to be unnecessary. He
exhibited three negatives of the same view taken consecutively at eight
o'clock in the morning, with the respective exposures of thirty seconds,
two and a half minutes, and ten minutes, each of which was good and
perfect. The formula he adopts is:
Iodide of potassium 600 grs.
Bromide of potassium, from 150 to 250 "
Re-sublimed iodine 6 "
Distilled water 40 oz.
The waxed papers are wholly immersed in this solution, and left to soak at
least two hours, and are then hung to dry in the usual way. The papers are
made sensitive by wholly immersing them in aceto-nitrate of silver of the
following proportions:
Nitrate of silver 30 grs.
Acetic acid 30 minims.
Distilled water 1 oz.
The papers remaining in this solution not less than eight minutes. They are
washed in two waters for eight minutes each, and then blotted off in the
ordinary manner. Mr. Townsend states that there is no need to fear leaving
the paper in the sensitive bath too long. He has left it in the bath
fourteen hours without any injury. The paper thus prepared will keep ten or
twelve days; it may be longer, but his experience does not extend beyond
that time. With paper thus prepared a portrait was exhibited, taken in
fifty-five seconds, in a room with a side light; but it must be added, that
in this instance the paper was not washed, but was blotted off immediately
on its leaving the sensitive bath, though not used until two hours had
elapsed. Mr. Townsend uses for developing a saturated solution of gallic
acid with a drachm of aceto-nitrate to every four ounces of it, but he
considers that this proportion of aceto-nitrate may be beneficially
lessened. He finds that by this process he is certain of success, and is
never troubled with that browning over of the paper which so often attends
the use of the other methods of preparation. Besides the rapidity of action
which he states, there is the farther advantage that a lengthened exposure
is not injurious. The proportion of bromide may vary from 150 grs. to 250
grs.; less than 150 is not sufficient to produce a maximum of rapidity,
whilst more than 250 adds nothing to the effect.
_Photographic Litigation._--Will you allow me, through the medium of "N. &
Q.," to suggest to those who {599} take an interest in the collodion
process, the desirableness of making a subscription to aid Mr. Henderson in
his defence against the proceedings commenced by Mr. Talbot, to restrain
him (and through him, no doubt, all others) from taking collodion
portraits.[11]
It does not appear just that one person should bear the whole expense of a
defence in which so many are interested; and I have no doubt that if a
subscription be set on foot, many photographers will willingly contribute.
A subscription, besides its material aid to Mr. Henderson, would also serve
to show that public opinion is opposed to such absurd and unjust attempts
at monopoly.
It is difficult to imagine how a claim can be established to a right in an
invention made many years subsequent to the date of the patent under which
the claim is made--not only made by another person, but differing so widely
in principle from the patent process. The advertisement in the _Athenæum_
of Saturday last (June 10) shows plainly that it is intended, if possible,
to prevent the production of portraits on collodion by any person not
licensed by Mr. Talbot; and the harshness of this proceeding, after the
process has been in public use for several years, needs no comment.
H. C. SANDS.
30. Spring Gardens, Bradford.
[Footnote 11: The words of the advertisement are "making _and selling_."]
[We insert this communication, because we believe it gives expression
to a sentiment shared by many. Subscriptions in favour of M. La Roche,
whose case stands first for trial, are received by Messrs. Horne and
Thornthwaite. Our correspondent does not, however, accurately represent
the caution issued by Mr. F. Talbot's solicitors, which is against
"making _and selling_" photographic portraits by the collodion process.
When giving up his patent to the public, Mr. Fox Talbot reserved "in
the hands of his own licensees the application of the invention to the
taking photographic portraits for sale," and we have always regretted
that Mr. F. Talbot should have made such reservation, founded, as it
is, upon a very questionable right.--ED. "N. & Q."]
* * * * *
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Vandyking_ (Vol. ix., p. 452.).--Your correspondent P. C. S. S. asks the
meaning of the term _Vandyking_, in the following passage of a letter from
Secretary Windebanke to the Lord Deputy Wentworth, dated Westminster, Nov.
20, 1633, the Lord Deputy being then in Ireland:--