The Jury of Spinsters
The last Prior of Dunmow was Geoffry Shether.* After the Dissolution
of the Monasteries, the duty of giving the Bacon seems to have passed
to the Lords of the Manor of Little Dunmow. They held their
Courts--as they have been held within living memory--at Priory Place,
formerly a farmhouse and now four cottages. In a parchment book
belonging to a former Lord of the Manor, the Rev. James
Hughes-Hallett, and now in the possession of Mr. de Vins Wade of
Great Dunmow, the present Lord of the Manor, there is an account of
the Bacon ceremonies which was written in 1737.
* See Appendix.
It is therein stated that the custom was first instituted by the
monks "in ye year 1111 and continued to this day." The "two hard
stones" are described as "yet to be seen in the doorway of the
Pryory," and it is explained that "the oath was administered with
such long process, and such solemn singing over him, as doubtless
must make his Pilgrimage Painfull."
If it be true that the ceremony took place, as described, "before the
whole Towns," and that the successful applicant for the Bacon was
"carried after through the Towns with all the Fryers and Brethren and
all the Townsfolk, young and old, following them with shouts and
acclamations," it would appear that Great as well as Little Dunmow
had its share in the Flitch custom. The Manor of Little Dunmow
extends some distance into Great Dunmow.
In the Hughes-Hallett parchment (as also in Lansdowne Roll, 25,
British Museum), the Manorial ceremony is chronicled--
A Court Baron of the worshipfull Sir Thomas May, Knight, there helden
of Fryday, the 27th day of June in the Thirteenth year of King
William ye Third and in ye year 1701 before Thomas Wheeler, Gent.,
steward of the said Court.
Be it remembered that William Parsley of Much Eyston in the County of
Essex and Jane his wife, being married for the space of 3 years last,
past and upwards, by means of their Quiet, Peaceful, Tender and
Loving Cohabitation for the said space of time, came and claimed the
Bacon, and there was delivered unto them a Gammon of Bacon.
The homage of the last mentioned were Elizabeth Beaumont, Henrietta,
Annabella, Jane Beaumont and Mary Wheeler, Spinsters.
Be it remembered that att the Said Court it is found and presented by
the Homage aforesaid that John Reynolds of Hatfield Regis, alias
Hatfield Broadoak, in the County of Essex, gent., and Ann his wife
have been married for the space of ten years last, part and upwards,
and it is likewise found, presented by the Homage aforesaid that the
said John Reynolds and Ann his wife by means of their Quiet,
Peaceable, etc., etc.
Whereupon the said Steward, with the Jury, suitors and other officers
of the Court, proceeded with the usual solemnity to the ancient and
accustomed place for the Administration of the Oath (and receiving
the Bacon aforesaid), that is to say to the two great stones lying
near the church door within the said Manor
Whereupon the said John Reynolds and Ann kneeling down on the said
two stones the said Steward did administer unto them the Oaths in
these words or this effect following--
You shall swear by Custom of Confession
That you ne'er made Nuptial Transgression;
Nor since you were married Man and Wife,
By Household Brawls or Contentious Strife,
Or otherwise in Bed or att board,
Offended each other in deed or word;
Or in a Twelve month time and a Day,
Repented not in Thought any way;
Or since the Church clerk said Amen,
Wish'd yourselves unmarried again,
But continued true, and in desire,
As when you join'd hand in holy Choire.
And immediately thereupon ye said John Reynolds and Ann, claiming the
said Bacon, the Court pronounced sentence for the same in these words
or to the effect following, viz.--
Since to these Conditions without any fear,
Of your own accords you do truly swear;
A whole Gammon of Bacon you do receive,
And bear it away with love and good leave;
For this is the Custom at Dunmow well known.
Tho' the Pleasure be ours, the Bacon's your own.
And accordingly a Gammon of Bacon with the usual solemnity was
delivered unto John Reynolds and Ann his wife.
The interesting entry follows--
"N.B.--All the above mentioned Homage and Mrs. Ann Reynolds are still
living."