distinct from the other parts of the flower --23.
22b. Ovary inferior (defined under _20a_); floral structure
complex; stamens attached to other parts of the flower and not
resembling ordinary stamens in form or structure
=ORCHIDACEAE=, p. 15.
23a. Leaves triangular-heart-shape at base; marsh plants
1a, in =PONTEDERIACEAE=, p. 10.
23b. Leaves not heart-shape at base =COMMELINACEAE=, p. 9.
GROUP 4, DICOTYLEDONES
1a. Foliage leaves all or principally basal; flower-stalk either
completely leafless, or bearing a single pair of opposite leaves
only. Bracts and scale-leaves are not considered foliage leaves --2.
1b. Stem-leaves present on the stem, either one or more in number, and
not limited to a single opposite pair --3.
2a. Leaves compound --7.
2b. Leaves simple --18.
3a. Stem-leaves all or chiefly opposite or whorled (the bracts of the
flower clusters may be alternate) --4.
3b. Stem-leaves all or chiefly alternate --5.
4a. Flowers small and inconspicuous, the perianth none or greenish
or chaffy, and never petal-like in appearance --50.
4b. Flowers with a white or colored petal-like perianth --66.
5a. Flowers small and inconspicuous, without any white or colored
petal-like perianth --118.
5b. Flowers large or small, but with a white or colored petal-like
perianth --6.
6a. Flowers small, not exceeding 3 mm. in length or breadth --144.
6b. Flowers larger, more than 3 mm. in length or breadth --166.
--7--
7a. Leaves twice to three times compound or dissected --8.
7b. Leaves once-compound --11.
8a. Flowers in racemes 2b, in =FUMARIACEAE=, p. 41.
8b. Flowers in umbels --9.
9a. Flowers about 3 mm. wide, white or greenish-white --10.
9b. Flowers 10-20 mm. wide, conspicuous 45b, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 39.
10a. Leaflets 5-15 cm. long 5b, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.
10b. Leaflets not over 2 cm. long 16a, in =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 81.
11a. Leaflets 2 3a, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.
11b. Leaflets three or more --12.
12a. Leaflets entire or very finely toothed --13.
12b. Leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed --15.
13a. Flowers irregular, in dense head-like umbels
37a, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 61.
13b. Flowers consisting of a greenish or purplish bract wholly or partly
enclosing a fleshy spike 2, in =ARACEAE=, p. 8.
13c. Flowers regular, solitary or in loose clusters --14.
14a. Leaflets reverse heart-shape, not over 2 cm. long
=OXALIDACEAE=, p. 64.
14b. Leaflets 4-10 cm. long 1c, in =GENTIANACEAE=, p. 88.
15a. Flowers with colored or white petals and green or colored sepals
--16.
15b. Flowers with one kind of perianth only (calyx), with broad and
petal-like parts 32, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 38.
15c. Flowers with white petal-like sepals and small inconspicuous petals
38b, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 39.
16a. Petals and sepals each 4 31, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 44.
16b. Petals and sepals each 5 or more --17.
17a. Leaves with stipules =ROSACEAE=, p. 51.
17b. Leaves without stipules 23b, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 37.
--18--
18a. Stem-leaves a single opposite pair (basal leaves may also be
present) --19.
18b. Stem-leaves none --23.
19a. Leaves entire --20.
19b. Leaves toothed or lobed --21.
20a. Flowers solitary; leaves broadly kidney-shape
=ARISTOLOCHIACEAE=, p. 25.
20b. Flowers in racemes; leaves linear or lanceolate
=PORTULACACEAE=, p. 34.
21a. Flowers in racemes; petals deeply toothed
23b, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 51.
21b. Flowers solitary or few in a cluster; petals entire or nearly so
--22.
22a. Petals 5 =GERANIACEAE=, p. 64.
22b. Petals 6 or more 2b, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.
23a. Flowers or flower-clusters sessile, at or partly beneath the
surface of the ground 4a, in =ARACEAE=, p. 8.
23b. Flowers or flower-heads solitary at the ends of the flower-stalks
--24.
23b. Flowers or flower-heads numerous or several on each flower-stalk
--38.
24a. Flowers yellow --25.
24b. Flowers not yellow --29.
25a. Juice milky 16, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 115.
25b. Juice not milky --26.
26a. Aquatic or mud plants, with large entire leaves 1-4 dm. wide
=NYMPHAEACEAE=, p. 35.
26b. Land plants, with smaller or lobed leaves --27.
27a. Flower-stalk scaly 110, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 122.
27b. Flower-stalk bare or with 1 to 2 minute bracts --28.
28a. Flowers regular 10, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 36.
28b. Flowers irregular, with a spur 3a, in =VIOLACEAE=, p. 75.
29a. Flowers obviously irregular, with a spur --30.
29b. Flowers regular or nearly so, without a spur --31.
30a. Leaves sessile or nearly so; stamens 2
=LENTIBULARIACEAE=, p. 105.
30b. Leaves petioled; stamens 5 =VIOLACEAE=, p. 75.
31a. Flowers 3 mm. wide or smaller; leaves thread-like
16a, in =SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 103.
31b. Flowers 6 mm. wide or larger --32.
32a. Ovary 1 --33.
32b. Ovaries numerous --37.
33a. Leaves lobed or cleft --34.
33b. Leaves entire or toothed --35.
34a. Leaves deeply 2-cleft; stamens 8
3a, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.
34b. Leaf 1, palmately lobed; stamens numerous
1a, in =PAPAVERACEAE=, p. 41.
35a. Flowers dull red =ARISTOLOCHIACEAE=, p. 25.
35b. Flowers white or pinkish --36.
36a. Leaves entire; stamens with good anthers 5
13, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 50.
36b. Leaves minutely toothed; stamens 8-10
14a, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 85.
37a. Leaves lobed or divided =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 35.
37b. Leaves crenate or toothed 64a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 56.
--38--
38a. Flowers of the composite type, with several or many small
flowerets closely aggregated into a dense head surrounded by a
calyx-like involucre of small bracts
10, in =COMPOSITAE=. p. 114.
38b. Flowers separate; variously clustered, but never crowded into
involucred heads --39.
39a. Flowers in dense close spikes --40.
39b. Flowers in open loose clusters --42.
40a. Flower-stalk leafless below the spike
=PLANTAGINACEAE=, p. 107.
40b. Flower-stalk with several bracts --41.
41a. Leaves entire 9c, in =ORCHIDACEAE=, p. 16.
41b. Leaves toothed 6a, in =SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 102.
42a. Flowers in umbels --43.
42b. Flowers in racemes, panicles, flat-topped clusters, or merely
1 or 2 --45.
43a. Leaves almost round, peltate, palmately veined
3a, in =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
43b. Leaves at least twice as long as broad, with a single mid-vein
--44.
44a. Stamens 5 =PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
44b. Stamens 10 15, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 85.
45a. Leaves cylindrical, hollow, obtuse. 1a, in =LOBELIACEAE=, p. 113.
45b. Leaves beset on the upper side with long glandular hairs; bog plant
with flowers in racemes =DROSERACEAE=, p. 48.
45c. Leaves flat, pubescent or smooth, but not with long glandular hairs
--46.
46a. Sepals and petals each 4 53, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 46.
46b. Sepals and petals each 5 --47.
46c. Sepals 6; petals none; flowers minute, green; leaves
frequently lobed at the base 4, in =POLYGONACEAE=, p. 25.
47a. Petals united with each other in an irregular corolla
=LENTIBULARIACEAE=, p. 105.
47b. Petals separate from each other --48.
48a. Stamens 10; style 1 =ERICACEAE=, p. 84.
48b. Stamens 5 or 10; styles 2 =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.
48c. Stamens and pistils each very numerous --49.
49a. Flowers white 64a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 56.
49b. Flowers yellow 13a, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 36.
--50--
50a. Leaves compound or deeply lobed --51.
50b. Leaves entire or toothed --54.
51a. Flowers in axillary racemes, spikes, or panicles
=URTICACEAE=, p. 23.
51b. Flowers terminal, or in terminal clusters --52.
52a. Flowers in umbels; leaves palmately compound
=ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.
52b. Flowers in racemes or spikes, or solitary --53.
53a. Leaves deeply pinnatifid; swamp plants with flowers in spikes or
solitary =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.
53b. Leaves lobed, or irregularly pinnately cut or dissected; weedy
plants with flowers in racemes 2, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 114.
54a. Juice milky 3, in =EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 67.
54b. Juice not milky or colored --55.
55a. Leaves whorled --56.
55b. Leaves all opposite --58.
56a. Aquatic or mud plants with erect stems
2a, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.
56b. Prostrate weedy terrestrial plants =AIZOACEAE=, p. 31.
56c. Erect or ascending terrestrial plants --57.
57a. Leaves more than 2.5 cm. long 4a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.
57b. Leaves 2 cm. long or less 3a, in =PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
58a. Flowers in terminal or axillary spikes, racemes, or other
clusters --59.
58b. Flowers solitary or few in the axils of the leaves --61.
59a. Leaves less than 5 mm. long 1a, in =GENTIANACEAE=, p. 88.
59b. Leaves more than 2 cm. long --60.
60a. Inflorescence chiefly terminal, panicled
2, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 114.
60b. Inflorescence chiefly axillary =URTICACEAE=, p. 23.
61a. Flowers on long pedicels 2, in =CARYOPHYLLACEAE=, p. 31.
61b. Flowers on short pedicels or sessile --62.
62a. Stem erect, repeatedly branched; leaves linear to oblong
=ILLECEBRACEAE=, p. 31.
62b. Stem decumbent or prostrate --63.
63a. Leaves round, ovate, or kidney-shape, rounded at the base, crenate
or lobed 12a, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 50.
63b. Leaves of a narrower shape, entire, tapering toward the base --64.
64a. Principal leaves 2-3 cm. long 1a, in =ONAGRACEAE=, p. 78.
64b. Principal leaves 1 cm. long or less --65.
65a. Petals present =ELATINACEAE=, p. 74.
65b. Petals none =CALLITRICHACEAE=, p. 68.
--66--
66a. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small
flowerets closely aggregated into a dense head surrounded or
subtended by a calyx-like involucre of small bracts --67.
66b. Flowers solitary or variously clustered, but not in involucred
heads --70.
67a. Involucre of 4 conspicuous white bracts, much larger than the small
flower-cluster 4a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.
67b. Involucral bracts green or somewhat colored --68.
68a. Stem more or less prickly =DIPSACACEAE=, p. 112.
68b. Stem and leaves not prickly --69.
69a. Stem square; foliage aromatic when crushed =LABIATAE=, p. 95.
69b. Stem not square; foliage not with the odor of mint
=COMPOSITAE=, p. 113.
70a. The conspicuous portion of the perianth[1] composed of
separate parts --71.
70b. The conspicuous portion of the perianth[1] composed of united
parts --97.
71a. Stem-leaves compound, or cleft to the very base --72.
71b. Stem-leaves simple --78.
72a. Stamens more than 10 in each flower --73.
72b. Stamens 5-10 in each flower --75.
73a. Ovary 1 in each flower 2a, in =PAPAVERACEAE=, p. 41.
73b. Ovaries several in each flower --74.
74a. Leaves pinnately compound 68a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 57.
74b. Leaves palmately compound =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 35.
75a. Stamens 6 31, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 44.
75b. Stamens 5 or 10 --76.
76a. Leaflets reverse heart-shape; flowers yellow
=OXALIDACEAE=, p. 64.
76b. Leaflets not reverse heart-shape; flowers white, greenish, or
pink --77.
77a. Flowers greenish or white, about 2 mm. broad =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.
77b. Flowers 5 mm. broad or larger =GERANIACEAE=, p. 64.
78a. Juice milky --79.
78b. Juice not milky --80.
79a. A 3-lobed ovary with 3 short styles visible in some of the flowers
=EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 66.
79b. Ovaries 2 in the center of each flower (sometimes concealed by
other organs); sepals and petals each 5 --104.
80a. Perianth with one circle of parts only --81.
80b. Each flower with both calyx and corolla --82.
81a. Stem prostrate; flowers only 2 mm. broad =AIZOACEAE=, p. 31.
81b. Stem erect; flowers at least 20 mm. wide 4a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.
82a. Petals 2 or 4 --83.
82b. Petals 3 22, in=LILIACEAE=, p. 12.
82c. Petals 5 or 6 --84.
83a. Leaves with 3-5 principal veins =MELASTOMACEAE=, p. 77.
83b. Leaves with 1 principal mid-vein =ONAGRACEAE=, p. 78.
84a. Leaves palmately lobed --85.
84b. Leaves entire or toothed, or with 1-2 small lobes near the
base only --86.
85a. Petals entire or notched at the end =GERANIACEAE=, p. 64.
85b. Petals conspicuously fringed 23b, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 51.
86a. Ovary 1 --87.
86b. Ovaries 2, surrounded and concealed by other organs
=ASCLEPIADACEAE=, p. 90.
86c. Ovaries 4-5 2b, in =CRASSULACEAE=, p. 48.
87a. Leaves dotted with translucent dots (easily seen when the leaf is
held to the light) =HYPERICACEAE=, p. 73.
87b. Leaves not dotted with translucent dots --88.
88a. Leaves only 1-3 mm. long, closely appressed and concealing the
stem 2a, in =CISTACEAE=, p. 74.
88b. Leaves larger, not concealing the stem --89.
89a. Style 1 or none --90.
89b. Styles 2 to 7 --94.
90a. Stamens 5 --91.
90b. Stamens 10 --92.
90c. Stamens neither 5 nor 10 --93.
91a. Flowers blue, sessile in terminal spikes with leaf-like bracts
=LYTHRACEAE=, p. 77.
91b. Flowers not in terminal bracted spikes =PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
92a. Leaves entire =LYTHRACEAE=, p. 77.
92b. Leaves toothed or crenate =ERICACEAE=, p. 84.
93a. Flowers irregular; petals 3 =POLYGALACEAE=, p. 65.
93b. Flowers regular; petals 5 or more =LYTHRACEAE=, p. 77.
94a. Sepals 2, partly attached to the ovary =PORTULACACEAE=, p. 34.
94b. Sepals 5, free from the ovary --95.
95a. Stamens 5 --96.
95b. Stamens not 5 =CARYOPHYLLACEAE=, p. 31.
96a. Flowers blue or yellow =LINACEAE=, p. 63.
96b. Flowers white or pinkish =CARYOPHYLLACEAE=, p. 31.
--97--
97a. Perianth with but one circle of floral leaves --98.
97b. Perianth consisting of both calyx and corolla --101.
98a. Flowers small, in dense heads subtended by conspicuous bracts
--99.
98b. Flowers 2-5, in a colored spreading 5-lobed involucre
=NYCTAGINACEAE=, p. 31.
98c. Flowers in various sorts of clusters or solitary, but never in
heads with a conspicuous involucre --100.
99a. Bracts 4, white and conspicuous; stem not thorny
4a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.
99b. Bracts green; stem thorny =DIPSACACEAE=, p. 112.
100a. Stamens 3 =VALERIANACEAE=, p. 111.
100b. Stamens 4 or 5 =RUBIACEAE=, p. 108.
101a. Anthers more numerous than the lobes of the corolla --102.
101b. Anthers just as many as the lobes of the corolla --103.
101c. Anthers fewer than the lobes of the corolla --110.
102a. Leaves simple =POLYGALACEAE=, p. 65.
102b. Leaves compound with 3 leaflets =OXALIDACEAE=, p. 64.
102c. Leaves finely dissected; stems climbing
2a, in =FUMARIACEAE=, p. 41.
103a. Ovaries 2 --104.
103b. Ovary 1, but very deeply 4-lobed, with a single style
=LABIATAE=, p. 95.
103c. Ovary 1, not deeply lobed --105.
104a. Stamens united, surrounding and more or less concealing the
ovaries, and not resembling ordinary stamens
=ASCLEPIADACEAE=, p. 90.
104b. Stamens separate, of ordinary structure =APOCYNACEAE=, p. 90.
105a. Ovary inferior, appearing as a swelling below the calyx at the
apex of the pedicel --106.
105b. Ovary superior, located in the center of the flower --107.
106a. Corolla 3-4-lobed =RUBIACEAE=, p. 108.
106b. Corolla 5-lobed 3b, in =CAPRIFOLIACEAE=, p. 109.
107a. Leaves toothed or deeply cut =VERBENACEAE=, p. 99.
107b. Leaves entire --108.
108a. A stamen in front of the middle of each petal
=PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
108b. Stamens located between the petals or lobes of the corolla,
or else so far down in the tubular corolla that their
position is not easily ascertained --109.
109a. Corolla salver-form, with a very slender tube, and abruptly
spreading lobes =POLEMONIACEAE=, p. 92.
109b. Corolla salver-form, with a wide tube and fringed blue petals
=GENTIANACEAE=, p. 88.
109c. Corolla rotate, funnel-form, or bell-shape =GENTIANACEAE=, p. 88.
110a. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, appearing like 4 separate ovaries;
style 1 =LABIATAE=, p. 95.
110b. Ovary not 4-lobed --111.
111a. Stamens 2 --112.
111b. Stamens 3 =VALERIANACEAE=, p. 111.
111c. Stamens 4 --113.
112a. Flowers in dense heads 1a, in =ACANTHACEAE=, p. 107.
112b. Flowers solitary or in loose clusters
=SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 101.
113a. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped and irregular --114.
113b. Corolla not distinctly 2-lipped, its 5 lobes all alike or nearly
so --115.
114a. Calyx 2-lipped; the upper lip with 3 awl-shape teeth, the
lower with 2 short teeth; flowers in slender terminal spikes
=PHRYMACEAE=, p. 107.
114b. Calyx not obviously 2-lipped, its teeth equal or nearly so
=SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 101.
115a. Flowers sessile or nearly so, in spikes --116.
115b. Flowers in nodding pairs at the top of a slender stalk
3a, in =CAPRIFOLIACEAE=, p. 109.
115c. Flowers solitary or in clusters; not in spikes or nodding pairs
--117.
116a. Corolla not over 1 cm. long =VERBENACEAE=, p. 99.
116b. Corolla 1.5 cm. long or more =SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 101.
117a. Calyx-lobes 15-25 mm. long; flowers blue, 3-5 cm. long; calyx
without an obvious tube 2, in =ACANTHACEAE=, p. 107.
117b. Calyx-lobes united below into an obvious calyx-tube
=SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 101.
--118--
118a. Leaves deeply lobed, compound, or dissected --119.
118b. Leaves simple and not deeply lobed --129.
119a. Leaves once-pinnately compound or lobed --120.
119b. Leaves once-palmately compound or lobed --124.
119c. Leaves dissected or 2-3 times compound --125.
120a. Leaves merely lobed --121.
120b. Leaves actually compound --123.
121a. Flowers axillary; marsh or swamp plants =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.
121b. Flowers in terminal clusters --122.
122a. Stamens 2-6; taste mustard-like 52b, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 46.
122b. Stamens 10 or more =RESEDACEAE=, p. 48.
123a. Leaflets entire =LIMNANTHACEAE=, p. 68.
123b. Leaflets serrate 70a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 57.
124a. Flowers solitary 31a, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 38.
124b. Flowers in dense terminal umbels or heads
=UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
124c. Flowers in terminal racemes 2a, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 114.
124d. Flowers in axillary spikes or panicles
9b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 24.
125a. Leaves merely dissected, not truly compound with distinct leaflets
--126.
125b. Leaves truly compound, with distinct petiolate leaflets --127.
126a. Flowers in axillary clusters =CHENOPODIACEAE=, p. 28.
126b. Flowers in terminal clusters =COMPOSITAE=, p. 113.
127a. Stamens 5; flowers in umbels --128.
127b. Stamens 6; flowers in small clusters
3b, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.
127c. Stamens many; flowers in racemes or panicles
=RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 35.
128a. Styles 5 =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.
128b. Styles 2 =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
129a. Flowers in dense cottony heads; plants more or less white-woolly
79, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 120.
129b. Pistillate flowers in an ovoid spiny involucre, ripening into a
bur 3a, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 114.
129c. Flowers minute, subtended by palmately cleft axillary bracts
1a, in =EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 66.
129d. Plants without any of the preceding characters --130.
130a. Plants with milky or colored juice
10, in =EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 67.
130b. Plants with tendrils, at least on the upper leaves
4a, in =LILIACEAE=, p. 11.
130c. Plants of nettle-like character, with stinging hairs
8b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 24.
130d. Plants with sheathing stipules, surrounding the stem above
the base of each leaf =POLYGONACEAE=, p. 25.
130e. Plants with smooth, pale, juicy, almost translucent stems
12a, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 24.
130f. Plants without any of the preceding structures or habits
--131.
131a. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters --132.
131b. Flowers in terminal, or terminal and axillary clusters --138.
132a. Leaves linear =CHENOPODIACEAE=, p. 28.
132b. Leaves of a broader shape than linear --133.
133a. Flower-clusters with bracts as long as or longer than the flowers
--134.
133b. Flowers without conspicuous bracts --135.
134a. Leaves broadest below the middle 8a, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 24.
134b. Leaves broadest above the middle
2, in =AMARANTHACEAE=, p. 30.
135a. Principal leaves 3 cm. long or more --136.
135b. Principal leaves 2.5 cm. long or less --137.
136a. Flowers nodding in the axils of the leaves
1a, in =VIOLACEAE=, p. 75.
136b. Flowers erect in the axils 2a, in =ONAGRACEAE=, p. 78.
137a. Leaves narrowly oblong 1a, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.
137b. Leaves roundish and somewhat heart-shape
12a, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 50.
138a. Flowers in racemes or simple spikes --139.
138b. Flowers in panicles or other branched clusters --141.
139a. Leaves toothed or lobed 52b, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 46.
139b. Leaves entire --140.
140a. Flowers sessile; leaves heart-shape =PIPERACEAE=, p. 19.
140b. Flowers pedicelled; leaves obovate
8b, in =PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
141a. Individual flowers distinct from each other, on pedicels --142.
141b. Individual flowers crowded in close clusters, or separate and
sessile --143.
142a. Leaves finely serrate 3b, in =CRASSULACEAE=, p. 49.
142b. Leaves entire 1b, in =CISTACEAE=, p. 74.
143a. Flower-clusters mingled with sharp-pointed bracts
=AMARANTHACEAE=, p. 30.
143b. Flower-clusters without bracts, or (rarely) with bracts which are
not sharp-pointed =CHENOPODIACEAE=, p. 28.
--144--
144a. Juice not milky --145.
144b. Juice milky; apparent flowers consisting of a few white or
colored petal-like bracts, inclosing a few inconspicuous
flowers without petals. In some of them a 3-lobed ovary with
3 styles may be plainly seen =EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 66.
145a. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets
closely aggregated into a dense head subtended by a calyx-like
involucre of small bracts --146.
145b. Flowers solitary or in clusters, but not in involucred heads
--147.
146a. Leaves compound with 3 leaflets; stipules present
=LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.
146b. Stipules none =COMPOSITAE=, p. 113.
147a. Leaves compound or deeply lobed --148.
147b. Leaves simple and not deeply lobed --154.
148a. Flowers irregular =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.
148b. Flowers regular --149.
149a. Petals 3 =LIMNANTHACEAE=, p. 68.
149b. Petals 4 --150.
149c. Petals 5 or more --151.
150a. Stamens 4 70a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 57.
150b. Stamens 6 =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 42.
150c. Stamens numerous 43, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 39.
151a. Flowers in heads or umbels --152.
151b. Flowers in slender spikes or racemes --153.
152a. Styles 2 =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
152b. Styles 5 =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.
153a. Leaves ternately compound 43, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 39.
153b. Leaves once-pinnately compound 50b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.
154a. Flowers irregular --155.
154b. Flowers regular --156.
155a. Stamens 2 40b, in =SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 104.
155b. Stamens 5 or 10 =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.
155c. Stamens 6 or 8 =POLYGALACEAE=, p. 65.
156a. With sheathing stipules surrounding the stem at the base of
each leaf =POLYGONACEAE=, p. 24.
156b. Stipules not encircling the stem, or none --157.
157a. Petals 3 =CISTACEAE=, p. 74.
157b. Petals 4 --158.
157c. Petals 5 --161.
158a. Stamens 2 --159.
158b. Stamens 6 =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 42.
158c. Stamens 8 --160.
159a. Corolla perfectly regular; flowers in terminal clusters without
bracts, becoming racemes; taste peppery
52a, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 46.
159b. Corolla slightly irregular; flowers in bracted clusters, or
axillary; taste not peppery 40b, in =SCROPHULARIACEAE=, p. 104.
160a. Delicate trailing evergreen, with flowers solitary in the
axils and nearly or quite hidden beneath the leaves
22b, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 85.
160b. Erect or nearly so; flowers in terminal clusters
12b, in =ONAGRACEAE=, p. 78.
161a. Leaves sword-shape, finely parallel-veined, with bristly margins
2a, in =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
161b. Leaves not sword-shape --162.
162a. Leaves toothed or lobed --163.
162b. Leaves entire --164.
163a. Stems creeping 2b, in =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 80.
163b. Stems erect or nearly so =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.
164a. Flowers in open panicles; leaves principally basal
=SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.
164b. Flowers in rounded or flattened clusters; leaves principally
on the stem =SANTALACEAE=, p. 24.
164c. Flowers in racemes, which become elongated at maturity --165.
165a. Foliage glabrous 8b, in =PRIMULACEAE=, p. 87.
165b. Foliage pubescent =BORAGINACEAE=, p. 93.
--166--
166a. Juice milky or colored --167.
166b. Juice watery, not colored --172.
167a. Apparent flowers consisting of a few petal-like bracts, inclosing
a few inconspicuous flowers without petals. In some of them a
3-lobed ovary with 3 styles may be seen
=EUPHORBIACEAE=, p. 66.
167b. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets
closely aggregated in dense heads subtended by a calyx-like
involucre of small bracts 11, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 115.
167c. Flowers never aggregated in involucred clusters resembling a
single flower --168.