_SAMUEL'S DEALINGS WITH THE PEOPLE._
1 SAMUEL xii. 6-25.
2. Having vindicated himself (in the first five verses of this chapter),
Samuel now proceeds to his second point, and takes the people in hand.
But before proceeding to close quarters with them, he gives a brief
review of the history of the nation, in order to bring out the precise
relation in which they stood to God, and the duty resulting from that
relation (vers. 6-12).
First, he brings out the fundamental fact of their history. Its grand
feature was this: "It is the Lord who advanced Moses and Aaron, and
brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt." The fact was as
indisputable as it was glorious. How would Moses ever have been induced
to undertake the task of deliverance from Egypt if the Lord had not sent
him? Was he not most unwilling to leave the wilderness and return to
Egypt? What could Aaron have done for them if the Lord had not guided
and anointed him? How could the people have found an excuse for leaving
Egypt even for a day if God had not required them? How could Pharaoh
have been induced to let them go, when even the first nine plagues only
hardened his heart, or how could they have escaped from him and his
army, had the Lord not divided the sea that His ransomed might pass
over? The fact could not be disputed--their existence as a people and
their settlement in Canaan were due to the special mercy of the Lord. If
ever a nation owed everything to the power above, Israel owed everything
to Jehovah. No distinction could even approach this in its singular
glory.
And yet there was a want of cordiality on the part of the people in
acknowledging it. They were partly at least blind to its surpassing
lustre. The truth is, they did not like all the duties and
responsibility which it involved. It is the highest honour of a son to
have a godly father, upright, earnest, consistent in serving God. Yet
many a son does not realise this, and sometimes in his secret heart he
wishes that his father were just a little more like the men of the
world. It is the brightest chapter in the history of a nation that
records its struggles for God's honour and man's liberty; yet there are
many who have no regard for these struggles, but denounce their
champions as ruffians and fanatics. Close connection with God is not, in
the eyes of the world, the glorious thing that it is in reality. How
strange that this should be so! "O righteous Father," exclaimed Christ
in His intercessory prayer, "the world hath not known Thee." He was
distressed at the world's blindness to the excellence of God. "How
strange it is," Richard Baxter says in substance somewhere, "that men
can see beauty in so many things--in the flowers, in the sky, in the
sun--and yet be blind to the highest beauty of all, the fountain and
essence of all beauty, the beauty of the Lord!" Never rest, my friends,
so long as this is true of you. Is not the very fact that to you God,
even when revealed in Jesus Christ, may be like a root out of a dry
ground, having no form or comeliness or any beauty wherefore you should
desire Him--is not that, if it be a fact, alike alarming and appalling?
Make it your prayer that He who commanded the light to shine out of
darkness would shine in your heart, to give the light of the knowledge
of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
Having emphatically laid down the fundamental fact in the history of
Israel, Samuel next proceeds to reason upon it. The reasoning rests on
two classes of facts: the first, that whenever the people forsook God
they had been brought into trouble; the second, that whenever they
repented and cried to God He delivered them out of their trouble. The
prophet refers to several instances of both, but not exhaustively, not
so as to embrace every instance. Among those into whose hand God gave
them were Sisera, the Philistines, and the Moabites; among those raised
up to deliver them when they cried to the Lord were Jerubbaal, and
Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel. The name Bedan does not occur in the
history, and as the Hebrew letters that form the word are very similar
to those which form Barak, it has been supposed, and I think with
reason, that the word Bedan is just a clerical mistake for Barak. The
use the prophet makes of both classes of facts is to show how directly
God was concerned in what befell the nation. The whole course of their
history under the judges had shown that to forsake God and worship idols
was to bring on the nation disaster and misery; to return to God and
restore His worship was to secure abundant prosperity and blessing. This
had been made as certain by past events as it was certain that to close
the shutters in an apartment was to plunge it into darkness, and that to
open them was to restore light. Cause and effect had been made so very
plain that any child might see how the matter stood.
Now, what was it that had recently occurred? They had had trouble from
the Ammonites. At ver. 11 the prophet indicates--what is not stated
before--that this trouble with the Ammonites had been connected with
their coming to him to ask a king. Evidently, the siege of Jabesh-Gilead
was not the first offensive act the Ammonites had committed. They had no
doubt been irritating the tribes on the other side of Jordan in many
ways before they proceeded to attack that city. And if their attack was
at all like that which took place in the days of Jephthah, it must have
been very serious and highly threatening. (See Judges x. 8, 9.) Now,
from what Samuel says here, it would appear that this annoyance from the
Ammonites was the immediate occasion of the people wishing to have a
king. Here let us observe what their natural course would have been, in
accordance with former precedent. It would have been to cry to the Lord
to deliver them from the Ammonites. As they had cried for deliverance
when the Ammonites for eighteen years vexed and oppressed all the tribes
settled on the east side of Jordan, and when they even passed over
Jordan to fight against Judah and Benjamin and Ephraim, and the Lord
raised up Jephthah, so ought they to have cried to the Lord at this
time, and He would have given them a deliverer. But instead of that they
asked Samuel to give them a king, that he might deliver them. You see
from this what cause Samuel had to charge them with rejecting God for
their King. You see at the same time how much forbearance God exercised
in allowing Samuel to grant their request. God virtually said, "I will
graciously give up My plan and accommodate myself to theirs. I will give
up the plan of raising up a special deliverer in special danger, and
will let their king be their deliverer. If they and their king are
faithful to My covenant, I will give the same mercies to them as they
would have received had things remained as they were. It will still be
true, as I promised to Abraham, that I will be their God and they shall
be My people."
3. This is the third thing that Samuel is specially concerned to press
on the people; and this he does in the remaining verses (vers. 13-25).
They were to remember that their having a king in no sense and in no
degree exempted them from their moral and spiritual obligations to God.
It did not give them one atom more liberty either in the matter of
worship, or in those weightier matters of the law--justice, mercy, and
truth. It did not make it one iota less sinful to erect altars to Baal
and Ashtaroth, or to join with any of their neighbours in religious
festivities in honour of these gods. "If ye will fear the Lord, and
serve Him, and obey His voice, and not rebel against the commandment of
the Lord, then shall both ye and also the king that reigneth over you
continue following the Lord your God; but if ye will not obey the voice
of the Lord, but rebel against the commandment of the Lord, then shall
the hand of the Lord be against you, as it was against your fathers."
There is nothing very similar to this in the circumstances in which we
are placed. And yet it is often needful to remind even Christian people
of this great truth: that no change of outward circumstances can ever
bring with it a relaxation of moral duty, or make that lawful for us
which in its own nature is wrong. Nothing of moral quality can be right
for us on shipboard which is wrong for us on dry land. Nothing can be
allowable in India which could not be thought of in England or Scotland.
The law of the Sabbath is not more elastic on the continent of Europe
than it is at home. There is no such thing as a geographical religion or
a geographical Christianity. Burke used to say, looking to the humane
spirit that Englishmen showed at home and the oppressive treatment they
were often guilty of to the natives of other countries, that the
humanity of England was a thing of points and parallels. But a local
humanity is no humanity. Those who act as if it were, make public
opinion their god, instead of the eternal Jehovah. They virtually say
that what public opinion does not allow in England is wrong in England,
and must be avoided. If public opinion allows it on the continent of
Europe, or in India, or in Africa, it may be done. Is this not
dethroning God, and abrogating His immutable law? If God be our King,
His will must be our one unfailing rule of life and duty wherever we
are. Truly, there is little recognition of a mutable public opinion
affecting the quality of our actions, in that sublime psalm that brings
out so powerfully the omniscience of God,--the hundred and thirty-ninth,
"Whither shall I go from Thy Spirit, and whither shall I flee from Thy
presence? If I ascend up into heaven, Thou art there; if I make my bed
in hell, behold Thou art there. If I take the wings of the morning and
dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, even there shall Thy hand lead
me and Thy right hand shall hold me. If I say, Surely the darkness shall
cover me, even the night shall be light about me. Yea, the darkness
hideth not from Thee, but the night shineth as the day; the darkness and
the light are both alike to Thee."
It was Samuel's purpose, then, to press on the people that the change
involved in having a king brought no change as to their duty of
invariable allegiance to God. The lessons of history had been clear
enough; but they were always a dull-sighted people, and not easily
impressed except by what was palpable and even sensational. For this
reason Samuel determined to impress the lesson on them in another way.
He would show them there and then, under their very eyes, what agencies
of destruction God held in His hand, and how easily He could bring these
to bear on them and on their property. "Is it not wheat harvest to-day?"
You are gathering or about to gather that important crop, and it is of
vital importance that the weather be still and calm. But I will pray the
Lord, and He shall send thunder and rain, and you will see how easy it
is for Him in one hour to ruin the crop which you have been nursing so
carefully for months back. "So Samuel called unto the Lord; and the Lord
sent thunder and rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the
Lord and Samuel. And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy
servants unto the Lord thy God that we die not; for we have added unto
all our sins this evil: to ask us a king." It was an impressive proof
how completely they were in God's hands. What earthly thing could any of
them or all of them do to ward off that agent of destruction from their
crops? There were they, a great army, with sword and spear, young,
strong, and valiant, yet they could not arrest in its fall one drop of
rain, nor alter the course of one puff of wind, nor extinguish the blaze
of one tongue of fire. Oh, what folly it was to offer an affront to the
great God, who had such complete control over "fire and hail, snow and
vapours, stormy wind fulfilling His word"! What blindness to think they
could in any respect be better with another king!
Thus it is that in their times of trial God's people in all ages have
been brought to feel their entire dependence on Him. In days of flowing
prosperity, we have little sense of that dependence. As the Psalmist
puts it in the thirtieth Psalm: "In my prosperity I said, I shall never
be moved." When all goes well with us, we expect the same prosperity to
continue; it seems stereotyped, the fixed and permanent condition of
things. When the days run smoothly, "involving happy months, and these
as happy years," all seems certain to continue. But a change comes over
our life. Ill-health fastens on us; death invades our circle; relatives
bring us into deep waters; our means of living fail; we are plunged into
a very wilderness of woe. How falsely we judged when we thought that it
was by its own inherent stability our mountain stood strong! No, no; it
was solely the result of God's favour, for all our springs are in Him;
the moment He hides His face we are most grievously troubled. Sad but
salutary experience! Well for you, my afflicted friend, if it burns into
your very soul the conviction that every blessing in life depends on
God's favour, and that to offend God is to ruin all!
But now, the humble and contrite spirit having been shown by the people,
see how Samuel hastens to comfort and reassure them. Now that they have
begun to fear, he can say to them, "Fear not." Now that they have shown
themselves alive to the evils of God's displeasure, they are assured
that there is a clear way of escape from these evils. "Turn not aside
from following the Lord, but serve the Lord with all your heart." If God
be terrible as an enemy, He is glorious as a friend. No doubt you
offered a slight to Him when you sought another king. But it is just a
proof of His wonderful goodness that, though you have done this, He does
not cast you off. He will be as near to you as ever He was if you are
only faithful to Him. He will still deliver you from your enemies when
you call upon Him. For His name and His memorial are still the same:
"The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and
abundant in goodness and in truth, forgiving iniquity and transgression
and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty."
Samuel, moreover, reminds them that it was not they that had chosen God;
it was God that had chosen them. "The Lord will not forsake His people,
for His great name's sake, because it hath pleased the Lord to make you
His people." This was a great ground of comfort for Israel. The eternal
God had chosen them and made them His people for great purposes of His
own. It was involved in this very choice and purpose of God that He
would keep His hand on them, and preserve them from all such calamities
as would prevent them from fulfilling His purpose. Fickle and
changeable, they might easily be induced to break away from Him; but,
strong and unchangeable, He could never be induced to abandon His
purpose in them. And if this was a comfort to Israel then, there is a
corresponding comfort to the spiritual Israel now. If my heart is in any
measure turned to God, to value His favour and seek to do His will, it
is God that has effected the change. And this shows that God has a
purpose with me. Till that purpose is accomplished, He cannot leave me.
He will correct me when I sin, He will recover me when I stray, He will
heal me when I am sick, He will strengthen me when I am weak; "I am
confident of this very thing: that He which hath begun a good work in me
will perform it unto the day of Jesus Christ."
Once more, in answer to the people's request that he would intercede
for them, Samuel is very earnest. "God forbid that I should sin against
the Lord in ceasing to pray for you." The great emphasis with which he
says this shows how much his heart is in it. "What should I do, if I had
not the privilege of intercessory prayer for you?" There is a wonderful
revelation of love to the people here. They are dear to him as his
children are dear to a Christian parent, and he feels for them as warmly
as he feels for himself. There is a wonderful deepening of interest and
affection when men's relation to God is realized. The warmest heart as
yet unregenerate cannot feel for others as the spiritual heart must do
when it takes in all the possibilities of the spiritual state--all that
is involved in the favour or in the wrath of the infinite God, in the
predominance of sin or of grace in the heart, and in the prospect of an
eternity of woe on the one hand or of glory, honour, and heavenly bliss
on the other. How is it possible for one to have all these possibilities
full in one's view and not desire the eternal welfare of loved ones with
an intensity unknown to others? We know from experience how hard it is
to get them to do right. Even one's own children seem sometimes to
baffle every art and endeavour of love, and go off, in spite of
everything, to the ways of the world. Entreaty and remonstrance are
apparently in vain. The more one pleads, the less perhaps are one's
pleas regarded. One resource remains--intercessory prayer. It is the
only method to which one may resort with full assurance of its ultimate
efficacy for attaining the dearest object of one's heart. Does the
thought of giving up intercessory prayer come to one from any quarter?
No wonder if the insinuation is met by a deep, earnest "God forbid"!
"I bless God," said Mr. Flavel, one of the best and sweetest of the old
Puritan divines, on the death of his father--"I bless God for a
religious and tender father, who often poured out his soul to God for
me; and this stock of prayers I esteem the fairest inheritance on
earth." How many a man has been deeply impressed even by the very
thought that some one was praying for him! "Is it not strange," he has
said to himself, "that he should pray for me far more than I pray for
myself? What can induce him to take such an interest in me?" Every
Christian ought to think much of intercessory prayer, and practise it
greatly. It is doubly blessed: blessed to him who prays and blessed to
those for whom he prays. Nothing is better fitted to enlarge and warm
the heart than intercessory prayer. To present to God in succession, one
after another, our family and our friends, remembering all their wants,
sorrows, trials, and temptations; to bear before Him the interests of
this struggling Church and that in various parts of the world, this
interesting mission and that noble cause; to make mention of those who
are waging the battles of temperance, of purity, of freedom, of
Christianity itself, in the midst of difficulty, obloquy, and
opposition; to gather together all the sick and sorrowing, all the
fatherless and widows, all the bereaved and dying, of one's
acquaintance, and ask God to bless them; to think of all the children of
one's acquaintance in the bright springtide of life, of all the young
men and young women arrived or arriving at the critical moment of
decision as to the character of their life, and implore God to guide
them--O brethren, this is good for one's self; it enlarges one's own
heart; it helps one's self in prayer! And then what a blessing it is for
those prayed for! Who can estimate the amount of spiritual blessing
that has been sent down on this earth in answer to the fervent
intercessions of the faithful? Think how Moses interceded for the whole
nation after the golden calf, and it was spared. Think how Daniel
interceded for his companions in Babylon, and the secret was revealed to
him. Think how Elijah interceded for the widow, and her son was restored
to life. Think how Paul constantly interceded for all his Churches, and
how their growth and spiritual prosperity evinced that his prayer was
not in vain. God forbid that any Christian should sin against the Lord
in ceasing to pray for the Church which He hath purchased with His own
blood. And while we pray for the Church, let us not forget the world
that lieth in wickedness. For of all for whom the desires of the
faithful should go up to heaven, surely the most necessitous are those
who have as yet no value for heavenly blessings. What duty can be more
binding on us than to "pray for her that prays not for herself"?