Miss Charlotte Templeton, secretary of the Nebraska public library

commission, next spoke on libraries in reformatories. This is a

somewhat more hopeful group than the prisons. The inmates are often

below the average physically, somewhat bitter, and frightened, and

sobered by their first contact with the law. The reformatory must build

them up; physically, mentally, and in the power of self-support. In

this the library is a valuable adjunct. It should contain simple books

on civics, books to help the foreigner learn English, and books on

the technical subjects taught in the prison. There is also a use for

books as a means of recreation. These may put the inmate in a better

attitude toward life, and may be the entering wedge for more serious

reading. They should, therefore, be the first line of attack. Again, a

prisoner may accept moral training from a book that he would not from

a person. The books on conduct are much read. Jordan's "Self-control,"

Grenfell's "Men's helpers," and some of the new thought books are

much read. One prisoner said, "If I had had that book three years ago

I should not be here now." Magazines are generally taken, but as a

supplement to the collection of books. They include many on current

events and on technical work, and some that are taken mainly for their

pictures. Country Life and Baseball are very popular. In conclusion,

Miss Templeton said that the reformatory library is much like a public

library, and should be administered in a similar way. In this way, the

inmates would become familiar with the use of such a library, would

form the "library habit," and be more likely to feel at home in the

public library on their release.

Miss EDITH KATHLEEN JONES, librarian at McLean Hospital, Waverley,

Mass., then read the following paper:

SOME PROBLEMS OF THE INSTITUTION LIBRARY ORGANIZER IN THE STATE

HOSPITALS

Last year I had the pleasure of telling you something of library work

in one of the large private hospitals for the insane; this year I

want to speak of some of the problems the institution organizer will

meet when she undertakes to set in order the libraries of the state

hospitals.

In the first place, unless she is fortunate enough to be appointed

by the State Board of Control or State Board of Insanity or their

equivalent, she may at times feel that she is looked upon a little bit

as an outsider by the hospital staff, as one who does not understand

hospital conditions and who belongs to an entirely different order of

things. She may even meet what seems to her indifference or actual

antagonism on the part of a few superintendents.

The fact is, the library to librarians is of supreme importance, but

the library to the average hospital superintendent is merely one method

of providing entertainment or employment for his patients. He is much

more interested in the new social service movement and the study of

eugenics and heredity than he is in the general library, which, to his

mind, is simply a part of the therapeutic system and even as such ranks

far below useful employment and arts and crafts work.

This indifference or antagonism does not arise from any personal

feeling nor is it confined to the library. It is the natural outcome

of the peculiar organization demanded in a hospital for the insane, a

general distrust of any outside interference in any department, and a

thorough conviction that each hospital is entirely competent to manage

its own affairs. In one state the state board refused the offer of

the state library committee to organize its institution libraries for

these very reasons. In another state, where the possibility of the

state board appointing an institution librarian of its own is under

discussion, one superintendent remarked that he "could only say this;

if it must come he was thankful it was coming from the =inside=,

through the board and from one who knew hospital conditions."

Another reason for this seeming indifference on the part of the

superintendents is that, in the East at any rate, a state hospital is

=always= poor. It is poor and it is crowded, and its superintendent

is harrassed with having his requests for better accommodations for

his patients, a new power house, larger kitchens and laundries, or

quarters for his married men nurses turned down; with trying to get

larger appropriations from the state legislature; with endeavoring to

feed and clothe and house 1,200 patients on an appropriation and in

quarters designed for 1,000 at the most. He probably has cut down his

expenses in every conceivable direction, and he can not see the use

of spending money for books which the majority of his patients will

not read. And there is this to be said for his point of view, that

while there are many educated and cultivated persons in all the state

hospitals, the majority of them are foreigners and illiterates from the

mill and factory-hand classes and from the slums of the cities. In New

York state alone, in 1906, forty-six per cent of the whole number of

patients admitted to the New York hospitals were of foreign birth. And

I might add, to show the menace of the class of people we are letting

into our country, that forty-six per cent of the insane were aliens,

while only twenty-six per cent of the whole population of the state

were of foreign birth. Add to these the outcasts from the slums and you

have a good idea of the make-up of the state hospitals and asylums, and

you will not wonder that many superintendents shake their heads when

libraries are mentioned.

It would, therefore, seem to be one of the duties of the organizer

to prove to the superintendent that even if three-fifths of his

patients are illiterate, reading should be provided for the educated

two-fifths; that she, from her knowledge of books and editions, can

provide a thoroughly readable library which will meet the requirements

of all classes, from college professors to the dregs of humanity, for

a much less sum than he can do it, and from her experience she can

interest the patients in books. For after you have the library, you

still have a set of people to deal with who lack initiative and must

be aroused to interest in anything. She must also impress upon him

that shelf-and-book or even accession numbers mean nothing, and that

when, as in one library I know, all the books are covered and there

is no hint of author or title on the back, the library is converted

into a sort of literary grab-bag which is funny to the librarian but

exasperating to the patient. She must convince him that an unclassified

library represents a tremendous waste, especially when it is not

supplemented by a subject catalog. She must be able to prove to him

from the experience of other hospitals that the old-fashioned method

of letting a library run itself is not conducive to growth and that

there must be some one whose chief duties are to the library. She can

assure him from figures that he is not getting out of his library what

he should, if out of 1,000 patients only 60 use the library during the

year and 50 books a week is a large circulation. She can tell him of

one hospital of 220 patients which has from 75 to 100 regular readers,

not counting nurses and employees, and averages 25 books a day, or

8,900 a year; of another of about the same size which often gives out

50 books a day; of a third, which, with a population of 2,000 gave out

last year 15,862 volumes to 344 persons. She can guarantee him that if

he will let her weed out obsolete stuff and fill in with the sort of

books the patients want and train some patient, nurse or stenographer

to act as librarian in her absence at other hospitals, his library

circulation will be doubled or trebled the first year.

Having convinced the superintendent of the utility of the organized,

central library, the institution librarian is now free to turn her

attention to the patients, getting acquainted with them, learning their

tastes in books, interesting them in reading and in pictures. And just

here I would say that in the state hospitals the doctors are always

glad to have anything new suggested in the way of employment, and that

if the organizer can manage it so that the patients can help her in the

care of the charging-system, mending and cataloging, her efforts will

be much appreciated by all concerned.

The institution organizer will soon find that each hospital differs

from every other in construction, management, and especially in the

character of illness. The asylums for the chronic insane present the

most hopeless feature, yet even here there are enough who read to make

it worth while to furnish libraries. Moreover, in the asylums, the

nurses have to be taken into account. Their work is so hopeless and

uninteresting compared with that in hospitals for acute and recoverable

cases that more must be done for them in order to get and keep even

ordinarily good attendants. And where, as in many cases, the chronic

insane are being transferred to farm colonies way out in the country,

far from any city or even large town, the library can, if it will, help

very decidedly by offering means of study and education to the nurses

and staff as well as diversion to the patients. Therefore, one can

venture to buy for an asylum a much better selection of books from the

point of view of general culture than for the ordinary hospital.

I have said so often that a hospital library must be formed for

entertainment, not for education, that it must be simple in

organization and carried along on unconventional lines, that I speak

of these points again only to emphasize them. If one looks upon

institutional work from the point of view of educative influence it

is discouraging work; but if one thinks of it as an adjunct to the

therapeutic service of the hospital, as a means of bringing some

pleasure or at least forgetfulness of self for a time to an afflicted

class and employment for hours which otherwise would be passed in

complete idleness and utter dejection, it is inspiring work. But in the

selection of books this point of view must be kept always in mind.

Yet this is just what those unaccustomed to hospital conditions fail to

grasp. Not three months ago a hospital in a far-off western city sent a

representative to see our library and get all the information he could

in regard to the sort of books they should put into their beautiful and

expensive new buildings. I showed him a list of some 1,200 of our most

popular books selected as a basis for the little catalog Miss Carey,

Miss Robinson, Miss Waugh and I have made out and annotated, and which

is now being printed by the A. L. A. Publishing Board. The first thing

he noticed was the omissions. "Why," said he, looking at Science, "you

have nothing by Spencer, or Darwin or Huxley on this list. Aren't they

the standard thing? Oughtn't I to get them for our library?" "Not if

you want a library which will be read," was my prompt reply, and I

showed him the records of our sets of these scientists, taken out at

the most three or four times in the history of the library.

A year or so ago I attempted to find out from our cards just what was

the most popular sort of fiction in our library. Of course the book of

the moment is the one read at the moment, so it would be manifestly

unfair to include these and I took only those books published prior

to 1901. It may interest you to know in their order the 25 most read

books, that is, of the old favorites. The date unfortunately excludes

Mr. Pratt, the Virginian, Kim, Rex Beach and Oppenheim. They are,

The Choir Invisible, Janice Meredith, Saracinesca, Sant' Ilario, Don

Orsino, Vanity Fair, The Lilac Sunbonnet, Old Chester Tales, Dr.

Lavender's People, When Knighthood was in Flower, The Sowers--taken

out 20 times in the last three years; The Seats of the Mighty, The

Battle of the Strong, Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Memoirs of

Sherlock Holmes, Treasure Island, Cape Cod Folks and The Right of Way,

22 times; A Little Moorland Princess, Dorothy Vernon, Kidnapped and

The Cardinal's Snuff Box 25 times; Richard Carvel 29 times; The Old

Ma'amselle's Secret 40 times and The Second Wife by Miss Marlitt 43

times. This shows pretty conclusively that even our people, all of whom

belong to the cultivated and educated class, want light, interesting

stories of romance and adventure, and the average state hospital reader

wants something even lighter than these.

I have been asked again and again if the right reading really cures.

One dare not affirm this; its influence is negative rather than

positive. But I =can= say this: I have known of many cases outside as

well as in the hospital where persons have been positively harmed by

morbid or hysterically sentimental books. Our people are inclined to

be pretty emotional anyway, and whatever appeals to that side is to be

deplored.

To sum up the qualities which determine the suitability of books for a

hospital library, I can do no better than quote from the "Foreword" of

the catalog mentioned above:

In making this list the editors have endeavored to keep in mind the

following points:

1. Books in a hospital are for recreation, not for instruction, and

therefore should consist principally of fiction, picture books, travel,

biography, light and popular science and outdoor books.

2. They must be wholesome--not morbid, or gruesome, or depressing.

Good detective stories and tales of adventure, however thrilling,

if not horrible, and if they do not make vice attractive, are to

be recommended, as they, more than almost anything else, hold the

attention.

3. Illustrated books and books of pictures are invaluable, as a patient

often will look at pictures when he is too ill to read.

4. The newest fiction is called for and read, yet the old favorites

remain much in demand. With so much ephemeral stuff among the "best

sellers," it is a delicate task to select the really good novels which

will last, and there is a great temptation to fall back on the old and

tried books to the exclusion of the more modern. The editors have tried

to combine the two in just proportion, and also to give a few titles of

the better class of the "second rate" which have proved popular.

5. It is not enough to provide books for those who wish to read. There

are always many patients who are unable to take any initiative towards

selecting any form of entertainment or employment for themselves, and

for these should be provided light and simple stories which will not

tax the brain or require any concentration of attention, but which will

serve to stimulate their interest in things outside themselves. These

are not necessarily children's books, but often the simple language and

quiet wholesomeness of certain books for young people will bridge a

patient over this period of mental inadequacy and pave the way towards

a real enjoyment of maturer reading.

In addition to these five simple rules for selecting the reading

for a hospital library, the editors would emphasize another very

important point: Many of the readers will be elderly persons with

failing eyesight, who demand large, clear type. This is hard to

procure in cheap editions of standard authors and old favorites, but

it is suggested that it is well worth while to take a little pains in

selection and even to pay a higher price, in order to get an edition of

convenient size, shape and weight, in serviceable binding, with large,

clear type. Such an edition will last longer and will invite, not repel

the reader.

Complete sets of the works of standard authors, with the exception

of Shakespeare, Scott, Dickens, and possibly George Eliot, are not

recommended for hospitals. Only a few of the more popular stories of

each will be read.

I want to say just a word in regard to the housing of hospital

libraries. Of course the ideal arrangement is a separate building which

is open all the time, but I know of only three or four such in the

country. In most state hospitals the library was an afterthought and

the books are crowded into one or two more or less inaccessible rooms

to which the patients can come only once or twice a week and which can

not possibly be made attractive. Often there is absolutely no other

room to be had in the hospital and the librarian must make the most

of it and do her utmost to beautify it with rugs and baskets made by

the patients and flowers from the hospital greenhouses. But sometimes

a little ingenuity will solve the problem in some such unique way as

in the State Infirmary at Tewksbury, Mass., where the superintendent

conceived the idea of moving their very good little library (classified

and cataloged too) from its one small dark, inaccessible room in the

administration house to the large, light chapel which hitherto stood

idle six days in the week. Here low shelves have been built in between

the windows on the wide side aisles and stacks fitted into the alcove

rooms each side the chancel. Long narrow tables with plenty of books

and magazines have been placed in these aisles and the library is now

open practically all the time.

The Hospital for Epileptics at Monson, Mass., has met its problem

somewhat differently. The superintendent here is having two large

sunny rooms fitted up with bookshelves, one for the men where they can

smoke and one for the women where they can sew. These shelves will

be kept filled with books from the central library (in an office in

the administration house which it shares with the medical library)

administered by the stenographer-librarian, but under the direct

supervision of a patient for each room. The patients themselves are

very enthusiastic over the proposed change and have made out lists of

books they want.

In Massachusetts, the ideal so far as use of the library goes, is found

at the Foxborough Hospital for Inebriates, where only men patients

are admitted. Here they have a separate building containing one large

room with low bookcases all around it and two tables covered with

periodicals and newspapers in the center. Here the men can come when

their day's work is over or at the noon hour and read and smoke.

I wish I had time to speak of the importance of interesting the nurses

in the library and getting their co-operation, and of the possibility

of holding classes on books and reading for them. I know of no hospital

where they have time for such classes at present, but there is a

movement on foot towards requiring better education as a condition for

entering the training schools for the general hospitals, and some day

some hospital will inaugurate classes in literature.

Miss Jones agreed with Miss Robinson's statement that the libraries in

state institutions should be administered by an official appointed by

the Board of Control.

Miss Flexner, of the Louisville free public library, then spoke of

an experience in placing books in a county jail. Within the last six

months, the public library offered to place a deposit in the county

jail, and found that the jailer was willing. Permission was also

obtained from the Fiscal Court. In November, about 100 volumes, all

fiction, were sent, to be retained four months. On their return, it was

found that over 1,800 issues had been made--a heavy circulation. In

the next lot, was placed about 15 per cent of non-fiction, carefully

selected. On their return, it was found that books by Marden and

Grenfell had been popular. Mrs. Sangster's "Sweetest story ever told,"

a life of Christ, had been well used, while Mrs. Wharton's "House of

mirth" had been read but twice. "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm," "Kim,"

and Mrs. Whitney's "Ascutney street" were each read 26 times in 6

weeks. Books on useful arts were so much in demand that they were

renewed. The books are charged by the chaplain. When a suspicious

looking gathering of the men was investigated by the jailor, it was

found that one who could read was reading aloud to those who could not.

In the discussion, it was stated that a list of books for use in insane

hospitals is to be published soon and that copies are to be on sale

by the A. L. A. Publishing Board. Several speakers mentioned a union

catalog for prison libraries, with annotations to guide the prisoners

in the selection of books.

The committee on libraries in federal prisons made a report, in

which they stated that an earnest attempt had been made to secure an

appropriation of at least $2,500 for the establishment of a library in

the penitentiary at Atlanta and a like amount for Leavenworth, and $500

for books for McNeil Island, but that the effort had been unsuccessful.

The attempt will be renewed this coming year. The committee was

continued.

THIRD SESSION

(Friday, June 27, 1913; 8:30 p. m.)

A third adjourned session of the League was held for the transaction of

remaining business. The meeting was called to order by the President.

Miss Martha Wilson, supervisor of school libraries in Minnesota,

spoke on co-operation between library commissions and state boards

of education. Miss Mendenhall then gave a summary of the work done

by the library committee of the N. E. A. on library instruction in

normal schools. She stated that a questionnaire was sent to 200 normal

schools, and the results show that most of the normal school libraries

need reorganization. In the 200, about 50 have trained librarians.

These are mainly in the far West. The Committee makes the following

recommendations: 1, that library organizations try to have the subject

of library training in normal schools presented at educational

meetings; 2, that trained librarians be appointed in all normal

schools, with the faculty and salary rank of heads of departments; 3,

the publication of a manual for normal school librarians by the U. S.

Bureau of Education; 4, the publication in educational periodicals of

articles on the greater use of libraries by schools, and on related

topics. It was suggested that the library commissions might help in

carrying out the last recommendation. Miss Mendenhall was asked whether

she favored putting the school libraries under the state library

commissions, or under the state boards of education. She said that she

believed the function of the school library to be distinct from that

of the public library; that the two should co-operate but not combine.

Miss Stearns of Wisconsin said that the question of the relation of

the state library commission to the state board of education should be

discussed and more clearly defined; that there is a decided tendency to

place the library commission under the state board of education, or to

merge it with it, as has already been done in one state. There was not

time for adequate discussion of this subject, and the suggestion was

made that it be taken up at a future League meeting.

Mrs. Minnie Clarke Budlong, director of the North Dakota public

library commission, read the following report of the committee on the

establishment of new commissions:

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW COMMISSIONS

This committee has been requested to report on two topics--"a plan for

the League to follow in giving aid in the organization of commissions

in states now without them," and also a draft of "tentative provisions

for a model library law to be used with the model commission law."

An A. L. A. committee of which Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick is chairman, has

made a valuable report on points to be covered by a model law relating

library to municipality, printed in the 1912 proceedings. The same

committee has under consideration the drafting of the points covered

into a model charter, and the League committee decided that action on

its own part was unnecessary at present.

The other topic assigned this committee cannot be disposed of in

so brief a manner. It is a question of theory and of insight, of

sympathetic understanding and action.

There are eleven states without library commissions: West Virginia,

South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, New Mexico,

Arizona, Nevada, Montana and Wyoming. These states contain one-eighth

of the population of the country, and have only one-twentieth of the

libraries.

The first step toward aid is to learn how library commissions have

been established in other states. Letters sent to 36 states elicited

22 replies. Perhaps a distinction should be made between library

commissions and state libraries, or boards of education, such as New

York, California and Oregon. But there have been included in this

report all states doing extension work, regardless of name or title of

organization.

The questions asked were:

1. How did the demand for a commission arise?

The answers received are practically unanimous. There was a need felt

and provided for by a few far-sighted library workers. Eight give the

credit of the initiative to library workers or associations. Seven

give it to women's clubs or the state federation. Five say librarians

and women's clubs were co-partners in the work, and three, Maryland,

Wisconsin and Nebraska, include teachers in this partnership.

2. Who drew the law?

The law has usually been drawn by or under the supervision of a few

interested workers, such as president of state library association,

superintendent of public instruction, president of university, or

legislative committee of state federation. In Kentucky use was made of

the model commission law.

3. What was done to secure its passage?

One would expect a wider range in replies than this question elicited.

"A friendly legislator took it in charge" sums up the story in most

states. Personal letters and interviews of library workers and club

women with members of the legislature, and particularly with members

of committees, seem the usual methods. In some states the measure was

defeated one or more times before influence enough was brought to bear

to secure its passage. In Nebraska, the measure failed twice until

pushed by the federation and teachers. Even if no general demand is

formulated, there must be a desire expressed by organizations strong

enough to impress legislators.

4. What literature was used?

At first, there was no literature available and the majority report

"none used" or "nothing special." Idaho, Minnesota and Kentucky mention

the Wisconsin publications particularly, also some from Iowa. Five

speak of special leaflets prepared or statistics used from traveling

library reports or from the League Handbook.

5. How long did it take?

The time required varies from "a few weeks" to fourteen years. Nine

secured the desired legislation in one session. Six used two to four

years. Nebraska required five years; Minnesota, six years; Tennessee,

eight years, and Illinois, fourteen.

6. When was your law passed?

Massachusetts passed the first library commission law in 1890. Since

then similar laws have been enacted in 36 states, concluding with South

Dakota and Arkansas in 1913.

7. Has it been amended--if so, when and how?

It is interesting to note how few amendments except increase in

appropriation have been made in library laws. This emphasizes the

importance of careful framing of the law in the beginning. A study of

the chief points of the law in other states with such changes as will

adapt them to the conditions in the new state should always be made.

Five states report no amendment. Two report increase in membership of

commission. Ten report increase in appropriation, or minor changes.

Missouri and North Dakota have had their annual appropriation repealed

on the theory that it is not constitutional to bind succeeding

legislatures. Oregon has made the most radical amendment, changing this

year from library commission to state library.

The conclusion of the matter seems to be that the initiative is with a

few interested people, working through library associations, women's

clubs and teachers, on the legislators, and that it may often be

accomplished in one session after public opinion is sufficiently formed

to bring the necessary pressure to bear.

These summaries lead to the following suggestions for aid:

1. A collection of material should be made which would include all

pamphlets and articles on the practical establishment of library

commissions. Effort should be made to include the special leaflets

prepared in each state during its campaign. Some states, notably

Kentucky, have prepared maps for circulation to arouse interest. A

collection of all such special material kept for loan would be found

suggestive and helpful in other states.

2. If possible some one should be sent by the League as an organizer

to assist for a short time in the establishment of new commissions.

This organizer should understand conditions in that section of the

country, and should be able to advise wisely, talk with legislators

persuasively, and address library meetings and state federations

enthusiastically. Something may be accomplished by correspondence and

by leaflets, but much more is possible to the trained observer on the

field. Conditions even in neighboring states differ widely, and require

study on the field for helpful understanding.

3. Special training for library commission workers. There is need of

electives in the lines in which commission work differs from public

library work.

4. Discussion of practical questions at League meetings. This is

already being done and should be continued so long as there is need of

a place where workers may discuss their individual problems.

5. It is suggested a committee be appointed to look after the needs of

new commissions after their organization, as well as before the law is

passed. There are many problems arising at home and abroad in which

new workers would be glad of assistance, were there some particular

committee to which they could apply.

Respectfully submitted,

MINNIE C. BUDLONG, Chairman,

ELIZABETH B. WALES,

ASA WYNKOOP,

WILLIAM FREDERICK YUST.

June 23, 1913.

The report was accepted and the committee continued.

Miss Elizabeth B. Wales, secretary of the Missouri library commission,

read the following report of the committee on charter provisions:

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHARTER PROVISIONS

Since the meeting at Ottawa your committee has somewhat awaited the

action of the council committee, which had been working on the library

law of the state from the standpoint of its relation to the free will

and initiative of the municipality. It was thought that the work of

these committees might duplicate each other. As the report of this

committee covering statute law does not seem to meet the point at

issue, namely, safeguarding the interests of the library under the

adoption of a new form of municipal government, your committee would

make two suggestions concerning such safeguard:

1st. That it may be done by interesting the legislation of the charter

bill in a definite provision establishing the public library as a city

department.

2nd. That it may be done by inserting phrases in such bill, practically

accepting the existing state law.

In the first case the essential points to be covered are: the provision

of a proper fund, the appointment of a competent board. If all the

duties of said board are settled and all its powers defined, the

section will be a long and involved one. Your committee therefore

recommends safeguarding the state library law as the better plan.

To do this, care must be taken to insert the proper phrases under

sections which (a) define the general duties of commissioners wherever

inclusive terms are used. For instance, "and have power to administer

and control all other departments or activities of said city," the

clause "except such as are already provided for in the statutes" would

guard the library law existing; (b) under the rulings on civil service,

the same clause would be effective in protecting library service,

"except officers whose appointment is already otherwise provided for

in the statutes"; (c) under the section concerning establishment and

care of public institutions and buildings the exception must be more

definite, e. g., "except that nothing in this law shall be construed to

affect the existing state library law."

The chairman of your committee was not successful in securing these

amendments to the commission government bill in Missouri, but found the

fathers of the bill willing to consider them, and entirely ignorant

of any possible disturbance of the existing library law under the new

charter provisions. Moreover, good lawyers claim that a partially

excepting phrase under the general definition of powers in this case

makes it probable that no such disturbance need result. This opinion

can not be confirmed, however, until a test case gives us a Supreme

Court decision.

Briefly, then, your committee recommends protection on the charter law

of existing statutory provisions for libraries, rather than a special

charter provision.

Respectfully submitted,

ELIZABETH B. WALES, Chairman,

A. L. BAILEY,

A. E. BOSTWICK,

Committee on charter provisions.

June 27, 1913.

In the absence of the Chairman, the Secretary read the following

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY POST

The committee appointed by the League to assist in obtaining favorable

postal rates for library books reports as follows:

As the members of the League are aware, the provisions of the general

parcel post law were so changed immediately before its enactment that

printed matter was excluded from the privileges of the parcel post

rates. Consequently the long-distance lobbying which the committee and

the profession indulged in, favoring the parcel post law, went for

naught.

Since that time the committee has been in correspondence with a number

of members of Congress favorable to the admission of library books to

parcel post rates. During the winter the committee communicated with

all of the library commissions and with many state and city libraries

asking their co-operation in interesting their representatives in so

changing the law as to admit books. While reports indicate that this

co-operation was furnished, and several Congressmen stand ready to

favor a change, the results have been nil. This failure to get any

results whatsoever is partly due to the fact that special legislation

had entirely engaged the attention of Congress.

The committee desires to call the attention of the League to the fact

that it is not at all certain that to be included in this original

parcel post law would be a great assistance to the libraries in

circulating books. For practical library use the changed rates would

be of little or no advantage, except for points within the fifty mile

zone. Take, for example, a book weighing a trifle over one pound (and

this is a very ordinary-sized book). It can be sent anywhere within the

postal union for nine cents under the present third class rates. By

parcel post rate it would cost six cents to send this book to a point

in the city or along any rural route centering in the city. It will

cost eight cents to send this book anywhere within the fifty mile zone.

Above the fifty mile zone the parcel post rate will exceed the third

class rate as indicated below.

150 mile zone--ten cents--1 cent excess over existing 3rd class.

300 mile zone--twelve cents--3 cents excess over existing 3rd class.

600 mile zone--fourteen cents--5 cents excess over existing 3rd class.

1,000 mile zone--sixteen cents--7 cents excess over existing 3rd class.

and so on, until it will cost twenty-four cents to send the book

more than 1,800 miles by parcel post as against the nine cents under

existing third class rates--an excess of 15 cents.

These facts are the occasion for, and justify the opposition which some

publishing houses and other commercial houses sending out books or

catalogs exhibited to including printed matter within the parcel post

law. In some ways it would be unfortunate at this time to admit books

to the parcel post rates, since accepting these unsatisfactory rates

might prevent further re-adjustments for some time to come. It might be

wiser to make an effort to get better rates.

It is the committee's judgment that there is much in common between the

library authorities and some of the commercial forces which opposed

admitting printed matter to the parcel post, that we have all much in

common.

It is therefore recommended that the committee be directed to use every

effort to get into communication with the forces which have opposed

the admission of printed matter to the parcel post rates in order that

these forces may be united with library authorities in an effort so to

adjust rates as to be more advantageous to all than the present parcel

post rates would be.

In conclusion, the committee reports that it seems unlikely that any

further legislation will be immediately enacted.

Respectfully submitted,

M. S. DUDGEON, Chairman,

ZAIDEE BROWN,

MARY E. DOWNEY.

June 25, 1913.

The report was accepted, and the committee continued and directed to

carry out the recommendation contained in the report.

The following reports of the publication committee and the committee on

study outlines were read:

REPORT OF PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

The publication committee of the League respectfully reports:

That they have had under consideration during the past year two

publications, neither of which the committee has found necessary to

publish, but both of which are to be published elsewhere.

Application was made to the committee for a new edition of Mrs.

McDonald-Jones' "Magazines for the small library." At about the time

this request was received it was learned that Mr. F. K. Walter had

prepared a manuscript for publication which was substantially such

a revision. The committee held a meeting at the mid-winter meeting

of the Western Section of the League and recommended to the A. L. A.

Publishing Board that this be published. We are informed that the

Publishing Board has issued this and that it is now obtainable.

The committee has also had under consideration during the year the

publication of a "Reading list for the insane" prepared with great care

by Miss Miriam E. Carey of the Minnesota public library commission.

The committee hesitated to recommend the publication of this since

it seemed that the demand for it would be so limited that it would

be difficult to obtain returns for the money expended. The committee

is informed, however, that the list will be printed by the A. L. A.

Publishing Board and that suitable arrangements for its distribution to

libraries will be made.

The committee reports that the committee on study outlines, which was

originally a subcommittee of the publication committee, has, as shown

by their report submitted herewith, arrived at a satisfactory form of

study-club outline.

It is therefore recommended that immediate steps be taken to secure

the preparation of study outlines to be printed at once. If no other

procedure can be found the committee suggests that after a list of the

most desirable subjects to be covered is made up, a limited number of

subjects be assigned to each active commission, with agreement on their

part to prepare at as early a date as possible suitable outlines on

these subjects, conforming each as nearly as may be to the form adopted

by the League; that all these outlines be submitted to some one person

to be edited in order to secure substantial uniformity of form and to

insure that the outline will be useful in other states and that the

committee be authorized to secure the immediate printing of these if

this can be done on a basis which is financially sound.

Informal discussion of this plan with several of the commissions

indicates that the work can be done in this way. It is strongly urged

that this work should be inaugurated at once.

Respectfully submitted,

MATTHEW S. DUDGEON, Chairman,

FANNIE RAWSON,

CAROLINE WEBSTER,

CARL H. MILAM.

June 25, 1913.

REPORT OF THE STUDY OUTLINE COMMITTEE

Those who were in attendance at the meeting of the League of Library

Commissions in Chicago in January, 1911, will recall the general

discussion of the need of study outlines to be used in traveling

library work in connection with study clubs, and that the publication

committee was asked to investigate and report as to the feasibility

of the League's undertaking the preparation of such outlines, to be

utilized by the various traveling libraries. Mr. M. S. Dudgeon, as

Chairman, reported progress at the Pasadena meeting in May, 1911, and

submitted suggestions toward a uniform plan. Later Miss Margaret W.

Brown of Iowa, who had been active in club work in her own state, as

Chairman of the Literature and Library Extension Committee of the State

Federation of Women's Clubs, was made Chairman of the special committee

on study outlines.

In view of the possibility of the various library commissions

contributing one or more study outlines for League use, it seemed

important that a general scheme for preparing these should be agreed

upon, and Miss Brown presented such a scheme for discussion at the

Chicago mid-winter League meeting in January, 1912, relating to the

basis and form for preparing these outlines, based on a single text

with a small group of collateral references. This was worked out very

carefully, and tested by preparing a few outlines according to the

proposed scheme, which had proved very acceptable; and it was suggested

that the various commissions use the plan in preparing outlines, with

the thought of securing uniformity in preparation and printing. The

Chairman conferred with such thorough students of literature as Mrs.

Francis Squire Potter and Mrs. H. A. Davidson, both having practical

experience in study club work, the former being Chairman of the

Literature and Library Extension Committee of the General Federation

of Woman's Clubs, and the latter well known as the editor of the Study

Guide series.

At the annual meeting of the League at Ottawa in June, 1912, definite

recommendations were made to the League conforming to the plan

presented at the Chicago meeting the January preceding, and the

League voted to authorize an expenditure not exceeding $100 for the

preparation and printing of a few outlines. The scheme commended itself

to certain publishers to such an extent that the League was assured

that there would be no financial risk in having these printed, as it

seemed reasonably sure there would be a demand for them not only on

the part of traveling library systems, but public libraries generally,

and the General Federation of Women's Clubs and the various state

federations.

These plans would doubtless have been consummated before this, had not

the Chairman, Miss Brown, found it necessary to give up her work on

account of the condition of her health, thus making it impossible to

pursue the matter further, involving as it did many details and careful

editorial supervision of the material to be put in print. Your present

Acting Chairman consented to carry on the work until the time of this

annual meeting, hoping to carry out Miss Brown's plans as to printing a

few outlines, as a visible result of the long period of investigation

by the committee; she regrets that many things have conspired to make

this impossible. Hence, this report is made chiefly with the desire of

"keeping history straight" up to this point, and transmitting to your

next committee a statement of progress up to this time.

This report is made with the firm belief that no more important project

is under consideration by the League than this, and that if it is

kept clearly in mind that these outlines are to meet a real need of a

large class of intelligent, ambitious women of this country who have

not college preparation, but are eager students, the outlines will be

utilized in a very resultful way.

Before the Chicago meeting in January, 1913, a request was made by this

committee for a list of subjects for which study outlines were most in

demand by the various state traveling libraries, and a summary of the

answers received showed an increasing demand for aids in the study of

public questions rather than literary or cultural subjects. Definite

statements were made by several library commissions as to the need of

outlines on civic improvement for small towns, civics, conservation,

household economics, municipal housekeeping, etc.

The plan submitted by Miss Brown as Chairman of this committee as a

part of her report at the Ottawa meeting is attached hereto.

Respectfully submitted,

ALICE S. TYLER, Acting Chairman,

M. S. DUDGEON,

CARL H. MILAM.

Plan for Preparation of Study Outlines

_Basis_

A. One book selected as foundation for Outline.

If a single book suitable for text can not be found, outline to

be based on fewest number of books necessary for the purpose.

Text selected to be authoritative, reasonable in price,

readable and stimulating.

B. Five to ten books as collateral reference.

Selected to cover subject matter in study outline and amplify

the text.

Publisher and price given for all books included, for use in

purchase.

=Note=: A more extended list of books can easily be prepared by

any library where additional material is available.

Lessons Should Be Outlined By:

C. Question method.

Five to ten definite questions on each lesson.

D. Or, Topical method.

Topics assigned under each lesson should be those which present

special phases of the general subject.

The two methods may sometimes be satisfactorily combined.

Written papers, if included under either question or topical form of

study outline, should be assigned only for subjects which require

some degree of original thought; all information to be derived from

textbooks and encyclopedias should be covered by the regular lesson for

oral discussion.

=Note=:--Number of meetings of study clubs vary. Probably not

less than sixteen or more than twenty-six lessons. Many average

two meetings per month, October to May.

Explanatory Notes on the Plan of Preparation of Study Outlines

A. The use of a few designated books (or a single book) as a basis for

common study of the same subject, or closely related topics, provides

the means by which the unity and co-ordination is secured, which is

essential for effective and satisfactory results.

Each member may, if she so desires, provide herself at nominal cost,

with the source references necessary to cover the essential points

contained in the outline.

B. The books for collateral reading should be carefully evaluated and

selection based upon their real value in supplementing text, from the

standpoint of reliability, readableness and stimulative quality, also

that the price shall not be prohibitive of purchase by clubs, local

public libraries and duplication by traveling libraries of large number

of copies for use in supplying many different clubs.

Any local or traveling library may easily provide additional books

for collateral reading whenever the collection permits. It is not,

however, deemed advisable to have such extended lists incorporated in

the outlines; as a demand would thus be created which could not be

supplied by the small library, and therefore would become a handicap

and embarrassment.

C. In outlining lessons by the Question method the questions should be

so formulated as to stimulate discussion, not simply to be answered in

the affirmative or negative.

The Question method permits a free expression of individual opinions

based on personal reading. Such "discussion awakens the keenest

interest through the activity of different minds upon the same fact

or idea," as each member is expected to prepare herself to answer all

questions.

The Question method is indorsed by many educational experts as a

desirable method for the conduct of study classes, and has been found

to be practical and satisfactory by many study clubs.

D. In outlining lessons by Topical method, care should be taken to

include no more topics than can be thoroughly discussed, and such

phases of the subject assigned as topics as will amplify the general

subject which has been studied in common by all members from text upon

which the outline is based.

The reports were accepted, and it was voted that the publication

committee be instructed to secure the preparation of study outlines, as

suggested in their report.

The Secretary then read her report on the year's work, noting the

publication of the 1912 Yearbook of the League, and the preparation by

the President of an exhibit for the meeting of the N. E. A.

Following is the financial statement for the year.

Balance on hand, Aug. 1, 1912 $180.08

Received from dues 115.00

Received from sale of Handbook and Yearbook 28.50

-------

Total $323.58

Expenditures.

Printing Yearbook and programs $175.25

Stationery and postage 36.43

Clerical help and multigraphs 26.55

N. E. A. exhibit, supplies and clerical help 31.00

Miscellaneous 5.26

-------

Total $274.49

Balance on hand, June 30, 1913 $49.09

Miss Baldwin of Minnesota, suggested that the League send to Miss

Tyler, of Iowa, a telegram expressing regret for her withdrawal from

active commission work, and appreciation of her services to the League.

It was voted that Miss Baldwin be directed to send such a telegram. The

following telegram was sent:

"Congratulations and best wishes from the League of library

commissions, with sincere regret that you were absent from this

meeting, and the hope that you will consider yourself a life

member of the League, to which you have rendered such valuable

service."

The meeting then adjourned.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

FIRST SESSION

The first session of the Fifth annual conference of the Special

Libraries Association was opened in the parlor of the Hotel

Kaaterskill, on Tuesday afternoon, June 25, 1913, with the president in

the chair.

Mrs. A. W. Von Hohoff of New York, opened the meeting with a paper

entitled, "Municipal reference work in New York City." She spoke of the

necessity out of which this collection had grown and the lack of ease

with which information of this character had been previously obtained.

In the short space of time during which this new library has been

established over 1,000 people have consulted it, mostly employees of

the city. It is serving especially those employees who are studying for

civil service examination leading to advancement in the city's work;

newspaper men, lawyers and real estate dealers have also found it of

value. A short resume of the kind of literature on its shelves was

given. This library aims to keep New York City in close touch with the

activities and movements of other cities.[13]

[13] For full paper see "Special Libraries," 1913.

The second paper on the program was by Mr. N. C. Kingsbury,

Vice-President of the American Tel. & Tel. Company, upon "The

library--A necessity of modern business."[14]

[14] For full paper see Library Journal, Aug., 1913.

Few people realize, who have had any connection with the library

movement, that specialization has come to mean what it has. Almost no

one would have supposed that even a large public service corporation

was maintaining five distinct library collections, two at least of

which are in charge of trained librarians. This paper, suggestive as

it was of the increased activity along library lines in the business

world, led to interesting questions.

It was followed by a paper by Mr. Andrew L. Bostwick, municipal

reference librarian of St. Louis, entitled "Relations between the

municipal library and legislators." He emphasized the necessity for

bridging the gap between the average librarian and the average city

assemblyman, also the potency of personality which should bring about

a close and cordial relationship between the library and its readers.

He spoke of the light manner in which municipal libraries were often

created and the subsequent selection of the librarian. The different

kind of legislators as existing in the average city were aptly held

before the audience in no unmistakable terms; and finally, the choice

of a proper librarian with his necessary qualifications was presented,

together with the manner in which the data accumulated

within the library should be put into the hands of the legislator.

Dr. W. Dawson Johnston, librarian of Columbia University, presented

the next paper entitled, "The relation between special and general

libraries."[15] "The rise of the special library is undoubtedly due to

the limitations of the general library. These have been limitations

of location as well as limitations of service. A general library can

not in the nature of things be everywhere and even when it is located

so as to serve excellently the needs of a special institution, it

can not render the service of a collection selected for a specific

purpose. There must then be special libraries for special institutions,

societies, clubs, and offices.

[15] For full report see "Special Libraries," 1913.

"The special library, however, has its limitations also. It is in

danger of having the disadvantages of a private library without the

advantages of a public library. This is so true as to remind one of

Charles Lamb's description of pamphlets as books which are no books.

In similar manner we are sometimes compelled to look upon special

libraries as libraries which are no libraries at all, especially where

they are so small and so little used as not to require the services of

a librarian.

"There are too many special libraries which are not to be distinguished

from general libraries except by their location, too many that are

simply inferior general libraries, too many that may simply be

described as general libraries gone wrong."

He discussed the policy in the elimination of books in each type of

library, the matter of the conditions of transfer from a special

library to a general one, the relations between the two in respect to

bibliographic service, and in conclusion said: "The special library

forms an important auxiliary to the general library and especially to

the university library, and more important as subjects of research

become more practical in character. The general library, because of its

comprehensiveness and size must in the nature of things be more useful

and must in the aggregate be more used. But if a special library is

well selected, that is, if only the best and latest books are admitted

to its shelves, it must be proportionately more used than the general

library and with better results. Some time may be wasted in finding a

special library and in gaining admission to it, but little is wasted in

it, while in the general library the time wasted in getting books and

in reading books which were better left unread is simply appalling."

Following this very interesting discourse, a paper entitled, "The

library of the School of Architecture at Harvard University--The

treatment of collections relating to landscape architecture, including

city planning," by Miss Theodora Kimball, librarian of this library,

was read by title in the absence of the author.[16]

[16] A reprint can be obtained from the Secretary of the "Spec. Lib.

Assn."

(1) See forthcoming issue of "Special Libraries."

Miss Helen R. Hosmer, of the General Electric Company, Schenectady, N.

Y., presented the last paper of the afternoon, entitled "The library of

the research laboratory, General Electric Company."

"Research expects rebuffs, expects to accept a small advance instead

of a revolution, expects to make mistakes, and frequently to fail, but

intends to let no lesson go unheeded, and to learn from every stumble.

"Inasmuch as every special library comes into very close contact with

those it serves, it is not strange the research library partakes of the

same nature that pervades the research laboratory. It too is, in this

case particularly, a field for experiment.

"The object in view is of course to render as readily available as

possible all the information contained in the library on subjects of

present or possible future interest to the laboratory staff.

"The main sources of this information are two: first, the scientific

and technical literature, consisting of books, periodicals, pamphlets

and special publications, clippings, and abstracts from the technical

literature, compiled by the publication department of the company, and

second the reports from the various laboratories of the company."

The handling of the different classes of material in this library is

minutely described and covers several unique features, both in the

kinds of material handled and in the methods used. In concluding, she

said: "We are attempting to build up a system requiring the minimum

amount of work for maintenance, sufficiently simple to appeal to the

most hurried research mind, flexible enough to admit of continued

improvement without demolishment, and yet adequate to the varied needs

of practical scientific investigation."

Mr. R. R. Bowker, of the Library Journal, added some very interesting

thoughts along the general trend of the meeting drawn from his many

years of experience in library and commercial fields, which were much

appreciated by all those present.

SECOND SESSION

The second session of the Association was called to order in the

Ladies' Parlor at 3 p. m., June 26th, by the president.

A few general introductory remarks were made by the president regarding

the purpose of this session which hinged chiefly about the question of

handling clippings.

Honorable Robert Luce in a very carefully prepared address then

discussed, under the title, "The clipping bureau and the library," the

internal working of the clipping bureau which bears his name. Probably

few librarians have realized the enormous volume of detail handled by

the large clipping bureau in the course of a day's work. Mr. Luce in

his paper has carefully brought home that fact and urged that many

users of material from clipping bureaus, and among them librarians,

had never learned how to correctly judge results of clipping-bureau

service. This judgment should be used upon the mass result rather than

upon detail. An interesting description of the method of caring for a

collection of 20,000 or more articles of his own proved an important

part of the paper. A discussion of the "scrap book" and its function in

the library was also handled. An earnest plea was made for co-operation

on the part of the librarians ordering material from the clipping

bureau. The employment of the clipping bureau is a step in the line

of efficiency. "No man accustomed to business methods can fail to be

struck with the waste therein due to the employment of high-grade minds

on low-grade work. When some part of the working time of a public

servant possessing intellectual acumen is put into manual labor that

can be as well performed by a youth without special training, there

is economic loss. When your subordinates handle the scissors and the

paste-brush, you are paying them for work that can more quickly and

much more cheaply be done in our cutting rooms."

A significant question by Mr. Bowker brought out the following facts:

"After the reader marks the newspaper it goes to the cutter. There

is very seldom any loss there. Occasionally an item is slashed or

overlooked, and when the clippings have been cut and pasted they go

to the sorter, whose duty it is to sort them by groups. We have the

clippings divided into 128 classifications. We allow each customer

one of those classifications." Mr. Luce answered many other questions

raised by different speakers.[17]

[17] See full discussion in "Special Libraries."

Following Mr. Luce's paper, Mr. Jesse Cunningham, librarian of the

School of Mines and Metallurgy, Rolla, Missouri, reported as the

Chairman of the clipping committee his investigation of the use and

methods of handling and filing newspaper clippings. A very careful

digest of a questionnaire sent to over thirty selected libraries,

discussed the matters of obtaining clippings by these various

libraries, the arrangement of the material for clipping, the service

rendered by the clipping bureaus, classification and methods of filing,

as well as the indexing and eliminating of dead material, closing the

report with a discussion of the use and value of clippings,

their disadvantages, the purchasing of clippings on special

subjects and the several conclusions arrived at by the committee. A

most excellent report was rendered. The committee was continued and

requested to extend its inquiries along the lines indicated.

In the absence of Dr. J. Franklin Crowell of the Wall Street Journal,

his paper upon the "Clipping methods of the Wall Street Journal

library" was read by title.

Mr. H. W. Wilson of Minneapolis, followed with a paper entitled,

"Problems of printed indexes in special fields."

"The need for printed indexes in special fields has been

made manifest by the thousands of fugitive scraps of indexes

that libraries here and there spend their time and energy in

producing for temporary use.

"First steps toward printed indexes are both fragmentary

and inadequate. It seems to be time to take the next step

in the development of index-making, a step which involves

concentration of scattered ideas--a step which should be

successful because it means comprehensiveness, thoroughness,

uniformity, economy and efficiency.

"The special fields of literature in which printed indexes are

most likely to succeed are thought to be as follows, in about

the order mentioned: Industrial arts, agriculture, education,

social problems.

"It will scarcely be necessary to defend here the alphabetical

index as opposed to the classified arrangement. While a

classified list of articles has its value in informing

specialists what has been published in their respective fields

in one particular month, or year, it is almost useless as a

book of ready reference in a library--useless even to the

technically trained, exasperating to the layman.

"In a classed list the responsibility for finding an article

rests with the searcher."

The great difficulty caused by unsatisfactory nomenclature especially

in rapid-growing new technical fields, was dwelt upon at some length.

In conclusion, he said, "At least one new field should be opened up

each year."

In the general discussion which followed, the questions of paper for

clipping mounts, adhesives, and preservatives, were touched upon.

THIRD SESSION

The third session of the Association was held on Thursday evening, June

27, 1913, opening with the president in the chair and about thirty

persons present.

Mr. Samuel H. Ranck of Grand Rapids, reported as Chairman of the

municipal yearbook committee.[18]

[18] Report on file with Sec'y of S. L. A.

In the absence of Mr. H. H. B. Meyer, his paper entitled, "The division

of bibliography of the Library of Congress as a clearing house for

bibliographical information," was read by Mr. Bruncken of the same

library.

"I am planning, in the interval before the next meetings of the

state legislature, to prepare a list of the subjects which have been

investigated by the several state libraries or state legislative

reference bureaus." This will enable the division of bibliography to

inform an inquiring librarian what states have taken up any question

his own state legislature might be interested in. Several fixed

forms of cards for doing this work in order to eliminate extensive

correspondence are shown.[19]

[19] For paper in full see forthcoming "Special Libraries."

Miss Marie F. Lindholm presented a paper entitled "A review of the

chief sources of special library collections."[20]

[20] For special reprint address Public Service Commission Library of

New York, or the Secretary's office.

While the author has been for some time connected with a prominent

public service commission, the very careful and painstaking enumeration

of sources of material can but prove of unusual value to almost any

special library in the country. Under thirteen main headings the

paper treated of a general reference foundation, reference sources of

particular value to public service commission or corporation libraries,

chief reference sources for a financial library,

those for a municipal reference library, current books and special

reports, periodicals, government and state reports, society

publications, company and trade publications, legislation, legal

decisions and briefs, manuscripts, original records, blueprints, maps,

etc., and finally co-operation in special library work. Should one

about to form a library of almost any character have before him this

paper he would without serious effort gather about himself, without

other help, a splendid foundation upon which to build his immediate

specialty. Much complementary discussion followed.

Following this the report of the Secretary-Treasurer discussed the

widening aspects of the Association, the growth of its membership,

both in numbers and in distribution, the financial condition of the

society, the large number of inquiries which had been received by

the secretary's office, indicating the spread of the special library

idea, the methods for advertising the Association and its activities

which are of interest to the members, the results obtained in the

past year through the Responsibility Districts established at the

beginning of Mr. Handy's administration, the value and possibilities

of the employment exchange operated through the secretary's office,

and the contemplated brochure advocated by the Executive Board for

placing before interested parties the important facts, such as the

Association's growth, scope, purpose, constitution, membership,

committees, printed literature available, etc.

After receiving the report of the Executive Board and accepting the

same in toto and transacting such other business matters as remained,

electing new officers, etc., the meeting adjourned sine die.

GUY E. MARION,

Secretary.

POST-CONFERENCE TRIP

Saturday noon, June 28, the post conference party left Hotel

Kaaterskill with feelings of mingled pleasure and regret. The

conference week with its happy reunion of old friends was past, and the

prospect of a week of travel with its unknown possibilities of sight

seeing and impromptu library conferences banished the depression that

follows the breaking up of a happy party. Vexing details, as paying

unusually large hotel bills, arguing with the drivers about double

payment of bus fares and exorbitant tipping of porters to insure prompt

delivery of trunks at the station, were soon forgotten. For a week we

were to be care-free, shifting all responsibility and planning to our

genial conductors, Mr. F. W. Faxon and Mr. C. H. Brown. Even trunks

were forgotten, not only by the party, but by the railroad people

until the casual inquiry of one of the party brought them to light and

started them again on their journey.

The rapid descent by the Otis Elevating Railway with the accompanying

ringing sensations in the ears made us realize the great height at

which we had lived the past week. We soon found ourselves in the

heavier, warmer air of the sea level speeding towards Albany through

the fertile farms of the Hudson Valley. We caught occasional glimpses

of the Hudson, bearing on its sluggish tide the graceful, white-sailed,

pleasure crafts and the clumsy, but vitally freighted, canal barges.

Comfortable quarters in Albany were found at the Hotel Ten Eyck, and

the party spent the evening at the new Education Building visiting the

new State library and library school. The building is considered one of

the most beautiful in the world. It is certainly very beautiful when

considered alone, but it is a pity that it could not have had a larger

site and more advantageous setting. The general plan of the building

with its magnificent distances gives a corridor appearance to all the

library rooms except the reference room, which is superb in its general

effect and equipment. The lighting scheme of this room, which is both

direct and indirect, is very effective. The absence of mural decoration

is a marked feature, and the room in all its appointments is obviously

set apart for serious study and work. The individual desks, which were

planned by the librarian, attract immediate attention, as they are

admirably arranged to give good light, convenience, and privacy to the

student.

The new library school with its splendid outfit was of great interest

to former students in the party who remembered the cramped and

migratory quarters in the old school. Every feature that experience

had suggested and foresight could devise seemed to be there to aid

and inspire the student. The older students noticed with pleasure the

portraits of Mr. Dewey and Mrs. Fairchild which adorned the walls of

the main class room. Miss Woodworth had prepared a temporary exhibition

of class photographs which aroused pleasing memories. The interest was

divided between gratification at the growth in strength of character

and success of the earlier classes and mirth at their costumes. A

permanent exhibition which is the special pride of Miss Woodworth is

the collection of work by the school alumni. This contains library

reports, bulletins, and lists prepared in whole or in part by former

students. There are also many books along historical and literary

lines, photographs of libraries planned or remodeled by library school

graduates, and photographs of the former students. This collection

was most interesting in its tangible evidence of the success of the

students. Miss Woodworth wants to make this collection as nearly

complete as possible and a credit to the school. All former students

are urged to send her a set of all their work, either printed or

typewritten, and photographs of their libraries and of themselves, both

when they were students and as they are now. All material sent to the

school before the fire was burned.

On the next day, Sunday, all departments of the library were open to

the visiting librarians and all went a second time to see by daylight

the splendid rooms, so admirably equipped and planned to give quick and

efficient service to the reader. All left the library with a feeling of

admiration for the knowledge, skill, and executive ability of those who

had created from nothing in less than two years one of the great world

libraries.

On Monday morning at an early hour we were hurried to the train to

secure seats in the dining-car. Our English friend was aghast at this

American custom of "first come, first served" so early in the morning,

and we had to admit that in this case a previous booking of seats would

have been more comfortable. We had the unexpected comfort, however, in

this case, of early breakfast in a stationary dining-car. Our route

that morning was through the Mohawk Valley along the Erie Canal with

its placid mode of travel. Glimpses of the foothills of the Adirondacks

broke up the monotony of the journey through this level country and

gave us hints of the mountain scenery to come. The name "Adirondacks"

suggested the rough, mountain wilderness and we were eager to reach it.

At Utica we turned north and soon began to climb. The country became

wilder and occasional log houses suggested pioneering. At Fulton Chain

station we left the main line of the Adirondack division of the New

York Central and in a short time our special car, which was now rather

hot and dusty, was deserted at Old Forge for the little steamer on

the First Lake of the Fulton Chain. We were in the wilderness at last

and enjoyed to the utmost the few hours' ride through this chain of

beautiful lakes. Hills and mountains were on all sides clothed with the

forests in all their glory of early summer greenery. There were few

signs of civilization and we felt as remote from our daily tasks of

doing good to others as the most reprobate could desire.

Early in the afternoon we reached Eagle Bay Hotel at the head of Fourth

Lake, our headquarters for several days. Our long delayed dinner was

most welcome, as glorious air and scenery somehow fail to satisfy all

physical needs. That afternoon, while exploring the shore of the lake,

we made our acquaintance with the Adirondack open camp, or "lean-to",

lined with balsam boughs on which to sit or lie in the evening and spin

yarns while the campfire blazes in front. We all wanted to try the game

and those who had cameras took appropriate pictures. We must have come

at the wrong time of the year, however, for, alas for the romance of

an Adirondack lodge, no one seemed to care to brave the attacks of the

mosquitos and flies which filled the woods about sundown. All sought

the refuge of the hotel piazza enveloped in a stifling smudge from

burning green hay or retired early to well screened bedrooms to catch

up on the lost sleep question.

Tuesday morning we started for Blue Mountain Lake over the Raquette

Lake Railroad. Until within a few years this country was an almost

unbroken wilderness and the road even now runs through the heavy woods

in a clearing so narrow that the trees shade the train and the full

effect of the forest can be enjoyed. The trip through Raquette Lake,

the "queen of the Adirondacks" which owes it name to its very irregular

outline, gave many opportunities for those with cameras to get fine

pictures. From Raquette Lake there was a short trip along Marion River

winding through a stretch of forest famed for deer hunting. Then came

a portage to Utowana Lake of about a mile by a primitive train of

discarded Brooklyn open horse-cars drawn by a diminutive locomotive

over a creaking railroad.

Our English friend was much interested in the fauna of the Adirondacks

and we hoped at this point we could show him at least one bear. Perhaps

the Adirondack bears like those in the Yellowstone are shy early in

the summer visitor season, for we did not get a glimpse of one of

them. The only fauna we saw aside from the birds were chipmunks, red

squirrels, one woodchuck, and two rabbits. In Eagle Lake we passed the

famous old eagle's nest and some of the ladies were in raptures over

the herons which they thought were eagles. We passed beavers' houses,

which we admired on faith, since no one had ever seen beavers working

on them. On Blue Mountain Lake even the most self-contained became

enthusiastic over its beauties. From its charm of outline, its wooded

and rocky islands, its purity and loveliness, it well deserves its

claim as the pearl of all the wilderness waters. It claims with Lake

Placid to be the loveliest lake in the eastern states. Across the lake

is Blue Mountain with its blue dome rising to a height of 4,000 feet.

Its forest clad side slopes directly to the water's edge inviting the

mountain climbers to try their mettle. We left the steamer here and

were carried by automobile about a mile up one of the hills to the Blue

Mountain House where we had a glorious view of the lake. It seemed a

pity to waste time on dinner, but we did and found it most delectable.

Although the thermometer stood in the nineties, four of the men, our

English friend among them, climbed Blue Mountain. The less strenuous

rested and enjoyed the view and the beauties of a wonderful garden

nearby in the woods. The return trip to Eagle Bay made in the cool of

afternoon and evening was enjoyed perhaps even more than the morning

trip.

We were beguiled on this excursion as on others by frequent comparisons

between English and American customs and scenery. This added much to

our enjoyment and knowledge because we could look at things from two

points of view. One observation which struck us as novel was that the

English mountains were better than the American because they were

usually treeless. Aside from the economic axiom according to which

this is a fault, we considered this position untenable, as we thought

the barren, dead, English mountains we had seen would be much more

beautiful if clothed with living green. However, when we were told that

it was more enjoyable climbing English mountains because there were

no underbrush and trees to impede one and shut out the view and the

breeze, we agreed it all depended on the point of view and the weather.

The next morning, Wednesday, after a swim in the lake, some climbed

Eagle Mountain just back of the hotel. This was an easy climb and

from the "shelter" at the top there was a fine view of the lake. This

beautiful lake region is still wild and primitive, there are few

pretentious camps or hotels and it is not generally known. More should

visit this country to enjoy its beauty before it becomes the resort of

wealth and fashion. At noon we left this beautiful spot and, with many

regrets, parted with Mr. Brown, our efficient guide to this region.

We went on by train by way of Carter and Saranac Inn Station to the

Lake Placid Club, our headquarters for the next four days. A delay in

train connections at Saranac gave us a chance to ride about this famous

resort where Stevenson once spent a winter in search of health. One of

the interesting sights was an imitation Alaskan camp with log huts and

Esquimaux dogs for the use of a moving picture making company, when

showing scenes in the wild northwest. The imitation of the northwest

was so good that it took considerable mental effort to realize we were

still in the Empire State with civilized life all about us.

So many good things had been planned for us at Lake Placid, that we

were often at a loss what to choose. We usually tried to do everything.

The first evening Mr. Dewey welcomed us and the other librarians, who

had gone directly to the Lake Placid Club from the Catskills, with a

good supper in a special dining room where we could all eat together.

He then outlined the plan of entertainment during our stay, delegating

his son, Godfrey, to carry out details and attend to our comfort and

well-being. To these three, Mr. Melvil Dewey, Miss Katharine L. Sharp,

and Mr. Godfrey Dewey, the party is most grateful for the welcome they

received and the good time they enjoyed. The Lake Placid holiday will

be long remembered with delight by those fortunate enough to enjoy it.

The entertainment included automobile tours on several days to the

famous places in the Adirondacks, covering a territory that would take

several weeks to explore in the ordinary way. When we left Lake Placid

we felt we ought to suffer from a case of Adirondack travel indigestion.

Thursday morning two parties were ready to start at 6:30 in the Stanley

steamers driven by Mr. Godfrey Dewey and Mr. Hubert Stevens for an

all day trip of about 110 miles. It was a glorious day and the early

morning ride in the cool, bracing air made us forget every care and

worry. We followed the West Branch of the Ausable River, with the road

crossing it many times and often winding beside it on narrow ledges

with the mountains towering above us where we could get the proper

thrills of danger. We all felt confidence in our chauffeurs and enjoyed

equally the swift runs on the level state roads, the racing up the

steep mountain roads and the swift plunges into the valleys. We stopped

for a moment at the beautiful Wilmington High Falls and then sped on to

Ausable Chasm. We explored the Chasm and made the trip by boat through

the gorge. This seemed a bit perilous and, although assured there had

never been an accident, we took our places in the boat with an uneasy

feeling. The ride on the swift, deep river in this wonderful cleft

in the mountain was, however, all too short. We would have lingered

to enjoy the wonders and beauty of the gorge festooned with vines

and banked with ferns which found a congenial home in its limestone

walls, but there was a long journey ahead. We climbed the walls of the

Chasm to our waiting automobiles and were soon speeding south, with

Lake Champlain on our left and the Bouquet River for company along

our road. Occasional stops were made to take on water, sometimes from

the hose at a friendly hotel, sometimes from a brook, and once from

the stock drinking-trough at a farm house where the agitated farmer's

wife was fearful that our great machine was going to pump the trough

dry. At Westport Inn we joined the other party, and had a rest on the

cool piazza and a good dinner. In the afternoon we ran west through

Elizabethtown to the mountains again, stopping for a moment to cheer

our friends in the other car who had punctured a tire. Our turn to

stop for repairs came soon, when our friends extended their advice and

sympathetic aid and passed on. In a few miles more we began to climb

a narrow mountain road which seemed impassable in places, and were

enjoying the wild scenery when another tire puncture held us up in a

lonely place, remote from the telephone. A family touring party in

another automobile stopped to offer aid, but they could not help us.

The women in that party inquired if there were wild animals thereabouts

and, when assured that there were lynxes, bears and other fearsome

beasts in the woods, they besought their men folks to hasten on before

the dark should overtake them. For a number of miles we crept along

in a crippled condition to St. Hubert's Inn, where we waited several

hours till a new tire could be sent from home. The rest of the trip

was largely after dark over rough, narrow, precipitous roads along the

Cascade Lakes where we had our fill of the spice of danger of mountain

night travel. We reached home too late to attend the council fire at

Iroquois Lodge.

Friday, July Fourth, was celebrated by the absence of fire-crackers

and fireworks and other nerve racking and dangerous devices. Instead,

a competitive prize fire drill by the Club fire department was held.

Guests could thus see how secure against harm from fire life and

property are at the Club. Under Miss Sharp's guidance, a tour of the

Club property was made in the afternoon, and we saw how the comfort and

well-being of the guests were cared for in the various departments,

such as the laundry and the kitchens. Informal tea was served at Miss

Sharp's cottage, The Larches, where Mrs. Frederick M. Crunden assisted

Miss Sharp in dispensing good cheer. That evening the party enjoyed

an informal banquet, with Mr. Dewey, Miss Sharp, and other resident

members of the A. L. A. present. Just as the dinner closed, the bonfire

on the lake was started and the beautiful and unusual spectacle was

enjoyed of viewing the fire through a curtain of water from one of the

powerful fire hydrants.

On Saturday several short automobile rides were taken in the morning,

including one to the home and grave of John Brown, of Ossawatomie, now

the property of the State. In the afternoon the party was taken by

launch to Moose Island in Lake Placid and had a picnic lunch before

a camp fire in a typical Adirondack shelter fragrant with fir balsam

boughs. On the ride home mist and rain lent mystery to the beauties of

the lake, and just before the trip ended double rainbows proclaimed the

end of the storm and a fair day for the morrow. That night a delightful

dinner was given the party at Iroquois Lodge which was graced by the

presence of Mrs. Dewey. A charming feature of the dinner was the

arrangement of lighting wholly by candles in rustic candlesticks of

white birch, some of which were used to light our way home through

the woods, and treasured afterwards as souvenirs. After dinner the

company assembled in the council chamber and listened to a graphic

story by Mr. Dewey of the origin and growth of the Lake Placid Club.

Originally planned to afford an inexpensive, sane, healthful vacation

for educational and literary workers, including librarians, it had

surpassed all expectations in its success and growth. Before the party

broke up the thanks and appreciation of all for the good time enjoyed

at Lake Placid as Mr. Dewey's guests were voiced by Mr. Hill, Mr.

Thwaites, and Miss Ahern. Mr. Jast brought a message of appreciation

from over seas where, he said, Dewey is a household word in the library

world. All spoke in a reminiscent vein and expressed the hope that Mr.

Dewey might again take active part in library work.

A small party climbed Whiteface that day and had a rather rough

experience, particularly on the descent owing to the heavy rain.

On Sunday automobiles carried the party through Saranac to beautiful

Loon Lake, one of the famous, old-time Adirondack resorts, where we

stopped for a few minutes, and then went on to Paul Smith's on lower

St. Regis Lake, perhaps the oldest and best known Adirondack hotel.

Here, as at the Westport Inn, we were guests of the proprietor at a

fine dinner. The hotel also arranged a boat trip for us through the

Lower St. Regis, Spitfire, and Upper St. Regis Lakes where we saw some

of the finest of the Adirondack camps. On our way home we visited two

famous sanitariums for the cure of tuberculosis, the state institution

at Ray Brook and Trudeau's Sanitarium, a private, endowed hospital. On

this trip no breakdowns marred the pleasure, and, aside from a little

delay in starting owing to the agitation of a timid lady from Chicago

who found herself alone on a rear seat with two mild men, all events

came off as scheduled. It might be noted in passing that on all the

automobile trips there were at least two and sometimes three men in

each car, a marked advance as compared with the famous White Mountain

coaching trip with one man to a coach.

This day, which was perfect in its sunshine and cool, bracing air, was

the climax of the trip. With keen regret we gathered to bid good-bye to

our hosts at Mrs. Dewey's afternoon tea. This Post Conference will long

be remembered as one of the best of them all.

The party broke up that night. A few stayed on for a rest at Lake

Placid and the others took their ways homeward. Some journeyed down

Lake Champlain and Lake George, and one stopped at Saratoga to be lost

in wonder at the huge hotels where all the A. L. A. might easily be

housed in comfort and elegance should that body ever meet there.

JOHN G. MOULTON.

ATTENDANCE SUMMARIES

By Position and Sex

Men Women Total

Trustees 4 4 8

Library Commissions

representatives

and organizers 8 15 23

Chief librarians 109 160 269

Assistants 65 310 375

Library schools instructors 2 21 23

Editors 3 4 7

Commercial Agents 27 1 28

Others 25 134 159

--- --- ---

Total 243 649 892

By Geographical Sections

6 of the 6 New England States sent 150

5 " 5 North Atlantic States and

District of Columbia sent 462

5 " 6 South-eastern States 14

7 " 8 North Central States 208

3 " 6 South Central States 14

9 " 14 Western States 17

3 " 3 Pacific States 13

Canadian Provinces 11

England 1

Germany 1

Norway 1

---

Total 892

By States

Alabama 1

Arizona 1

California 4

Colorado 1

Connecticut 33

Delaware 1

Dist. of Columbia 26

Florida 1

Georgia 10

Idaho 1

Illinois 67

Indiana 11

Iowa 13

Kansas 1

Kentucky 12

Maine 4

Maryland 10

Massachusetts 82

Michigan 31

Minnesota 11

Missouri 18

Nebraska 3

New Hampshire 7

New Jersey 47

New York 316

North Carolina 1

North Dakota 1

Ohio 41

Oklahoma 2

Oregon 2

Pennsylvania 59

Rhode Island 13

South Dakota 1

Tennessee 1

Texas 6

Vermont 11

Virginia 2

Washington 7

Wisconsin 16

Foreign Countries

Canada 14

England 1

Germany 1

Norway 1

---

Total 892

By Libraries

Libraries having five or more

representatives:

Brooklyn Public L. 27

Chicago Public L. 26

Cincinnati Public L. 5

Cleveland Public L. 13

Detroit Public L. 5

Grand Rapids Public L. 7

Library of Congress 9

Louisville Free Public L. 8

New York Public L. 49

New York State L. 19

New York State L. School 25

Newark Free Public L. 7

Queens Borough Public L. 5

Philadelphia Free L. 10

Pittsburgh Carnegie L. 5

St. Louis Public L. 5

Yale University L. 8

=Note=: Those who participated in post-conference trip only are not

counted in above statistics.

ATTENDANCE REGISTER

*Prefixed to a name indicates participation in post-conference trip in

the Adirondacks.

**Prefixed to a name indicates that the person went directly from the

Catskills to Lake Placid.

+Indicates went as far as Eagle Bay only.

Abbreviations: F., Free; P., Public; L., Library; ln., Librarian;

asst., Assistant; trus., Trustee; ref., Reference; catlgr., Cataloger;

Br., Branch; sch., School.

Abbott, Alvaretta P., ln. P. L., Atlantic City, N. J.

Abbott, Mabel L., asst. Wellesley Coll. L., Wellesley, Mass.

Acker, Margaret, ln. P. L., Ossining, N. Y.

Ackerly, Belle, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Adams, Benjamin, chief circ. dept. P. L., N. Y. City.

Adams, Leta E., head catlgr. P. L., Rochester, N. Y.

**Ahern, Mary E., editor "Public Libraries," Chicago, Ill.

Allen, Dr. Wm. H., director Bureau Municipal Research, New York

City.

Allin, Eugenia, organizer Ill. L. Ext. Com., Decatur, Ill.

Anderson, Adah M., asst. ln. Humboldt Br. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Anderson, E. H., director P. L., New York City.

Anderson, Mrs. E. H., N. Y. City.

Anderson, John R., bookseller, New York City.

Andrew, Mrs. Kate D., ln. Steele Memorial L., Elmira, N. Y.

*Andrews, C. W., ln. The John Crerar L., Chicago, Ill.

Andrus, Gertrude E., supt. child. dept. P. L., Seattle, Wash.

Annis, Mrs. Newton, Detroit, Mich.

Appleton, Helena D., secretary P. L., East Orange, N. J.

Armstrong, Mary E., asst. catlgr. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Arnold, Lillian B., ln. Carnegie Stout P. L., Dubuque, Ia.

Askew, Sarah B., organizer N. J. P. L. Com., Trenton, N. J.

Avery, John M., ref. ln. State L., Montpelier, Vt.

Ayer, T. P., supervisor of binding Columbia Univ. L., New York

City.

Babbitt, Grace E., ref. ln. P. L., Washington, D. C.

Bacon, Corinne, ln. Drexel Inst. L., and dir. L. Sch.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Baer, Harriet I., br. ln. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Bailey, A. L., ln. Wilmington Inst. F. L., Wilmington, Del.

Bailey, C. H., Buffalo, N. Y.

Bailey, L. J., ln. P. L., Gary, Ind.

Bailey, T. D., Library Bureau, N. Y. City.

Bailey, Mrs. T. D., N. Y. City.

Baker, Julia A., ln. Austin Br. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Baldwin, Bessie L., asst. P. L., N. Y. City.

Baldwin, Clara F., sec'y Minn. P. L. Com., St. Paul, Minn.

Baldwin, E. L., asst. P. L., N. Y. City.

Baldwin, Emma V., sec'y to ln. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ball, Fanny D., ln. Central High Sch. L., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Ball, Sarah B., ln. Business Br., F. P. L., Newark, N. J.

Banks, Mary, ln. P. Service L. of N. J., Newark, N. J.

Barber, Clara V., asst. L. of Congress, Washington, D. C.

Barickman, Mrs. Rena M., ln. P. L., Joliet, Ill.

Barker, E. Elizabeth, ln. Y. M. A. L., Albany, N. Y.

Barker, Tommie D., head ref. dept. Carnegie L., Atlanta, Ga.

Bartlett, S. R., ln. Lockwood, Green & Co., Boston, Mass.

**Bascom, Elva L., Wis. F. L. Com., Madison, Wis.

Bastin, Dorothy, asst. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Bates, Helen C., chief order dept. P. L., Detroit, Mich.

Bayer, Bertha, 2558 Fulton St., Toledo, O.

Becker, Emily F., ln. P. L., Catskill, N. Y.

Belden, C. F. D., ln. State L., Boston, Mass.

Belding, Mrs. Ellinor F., child. ln. Adriance Mem. L.,

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Bell, Bernice, head child. dept. F. P. L., Louisville, Ky.

Bell, Madelene M., senior asst. child. dept. F. P. L.,

Worcester, Mass.

Bell, Mary B., Louisville, Ky.

Benham, Mrs. Margaret E., asst. ln. P. L., Niagara Falls, N. Y.

Bennett, C. W., Bigelow Binder Co., N. Y. City.

Bennett, Mrs. M. M., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Betteridge, Grace L., head Trav. L. Sect. State L., Albany, N.

Y.

Bigelow, F. B., ln. N. Y. Society L., N. Y. City.

Bishop, W. W., supt. of Reading Room, L. of Congress,

Washington, D. C.

Blackford, Benjamin, supt. of supplies P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Blackwelder, Paul, asst. ln. P. L., St. Louis, Mo.

Blair, Mellicent F., asst. catlgr. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Blake, Mrs. Elveretta S., Lagrange, Me.

Blakely, Bertha E., ln. Mt. Holyoke Coll. L., So. Hadley, Mass.

Blanchard, Alice, Montpelier, Vt.

Bliss, H. E., ln. Coll. of City of New York, N. Y. City.

Bliss, L. E., Jr. stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Blumberg, Theresa, br. ln. Tremont Br. P. L., N. Y. City.

*Blunt, Florence T., asst. P. L., Haverhill, Mass.

Bogle, Sarah C. N., director Training Sch. for Child. Lns.,

Carnegie L., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Booth, Mary J., ln. Eastern Ill. State Normal Sch., Charleston,

Ill.

Borden, Fanny, ref. ln. Vassar Coll. L., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Bostwick, A. E., ln. P. L., St. Louis, Mo.

Bostwick, A. L., municipal ref. ln. P. L., St. Louis, Mo.

Bowen, Mrs. Enrica H., stud. N. Y. P. L. Sch., N. Y. City.

Bowerman, George F., ln. P. L., Washington, D. C.

Bowker, R. R., editor "Library Journal," N. Y. City.

Bowker, Mrs. R. R., Glendale, Stockbridge, Mass.

Bowman, Ethel M., Plainfield, N. J.

Bowman, Florence M., ln. P. L., Plainfield, N. J.

Bowne, Carolyn A., asst. ln. P. L., Perth Amboy, N. J.

Brainerd, Jessie F., ln. P. L., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Bredin, Edith, asst. ln. Hiram Kelly Br. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Brett, Clara A., asst. ln. P. L., Brockton, Mass.

Brewitt, Mrs. Theodora R., ln. State Normal Sch. L., Lewiston,

Idaho.

Brigham, Gwendolyn, asst. A. L. A. Headquarters Office,

Chicago, Ill.

Brigham, Herbert O., ln. R. I. State L., Providence, R. I.

Brigham, Johnson, ln. State L., Des Moines, Ia.

Brigham, Mrs. Johnson, Des Moines, Ia.

Brigham, Miss, Des Moines, Ia.

Britton, Jasmine, child. ln. P. L., Spokane, Wash.

**Brooks, Maud D., ln. P. L., Olean, N. Y.

+Brown, Charles H., asst. ln. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brown, Mrs. C. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brown, D. C., ln. State L., Indianapolis, Ind.

Brown, Gwendolen, br. ln. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brown, Helen Dawes, 48 Elm St., Montclair, N. J.

Brown, Walter L., ln. P. L., Buffalo, N. Y.

Brown, Zaidee M., agent F. P. L. Com., Boston, Mass.

Browning, Eliza G., ln. P. L., Indianapolis, Ind.

Bruncken, Ernest, asst. reg. of copyrights L. of Congress,

Washington, D. C.

Brundage, Nellie M., child. ln. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bucher, Mrs. Paul (Ethel A. Sherwood), order asst. N. Y. State

L., Albany, N. Y.

Bucknam, Edith P., chief cat. dept. P. L., Jamaica, L. I.

Budlong, Mrs. Minnie C., sec'y N. D. P. L. Com., Bismarck, N. D.

Burnett, Marguerite, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Burnham, Adele, stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Burnite, Caroline, director child. work P. L., Cleveland, O.

Burns, Anna, ln. in charge central circulation P. L., N. Y.

City.

Burritt, E. I., N. Y. City.

Burwell, Ethel I., stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Butler, H. L., American Law L., N. Y. City.

Butler, Mrs. H. L., 7 Glenada Pl., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Cady, Lora, Sag Harbor, L. I.

Camp, David N., pres. and chairman L. Com., New Britain Inst.,

New Britain, Conn.

Campbell, Mrs. Jennie, asst. Yale Univ. L., New Haven, Conn.

Cargill, J. V., asst. ln. P. L., Milwaukee, Wis.

Cargill, Mrs. J. V., Milwaukee, Wis.

Carlton, W. N. C., ln. Newberry L., Chicago, Ill.

Carr, Henry J., ln. P. L., Scranton, Pa.

Carr, Mrs. Henry J., Scranton, Pa.

Carroll, May I., asst. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Carson, W. O., ln. P. L., London, Ont.

Carter, Julia, ln. child. br. P. L., Cleveland, O.

Carter, S. J., ref. ln. P. L., Milwaukee, Wis.

Caswell, Edward A., N. Y. City.

Chamberlain, C. A., Edison Electric Co. L., Boston, Mass.

Chamberlayne, Ellen F., asst. P. L., Binghamton, N. Y.

Chamberlin, Edith J., Bradford, Vt.

Chase, Jessie C., supt. Br. Libs. P. L., Detroit, Mich.

Chase, Kate B., br. ln. Cornell Square Br. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Chase, Mrs. Mildred H., br. ln. F. L., Newton, Mass.

Cheney, Lucy, ln. F. L., Rutland, Vt.

Chivers, Cedric, bookbinder, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Christiansen, Bolette, Kongsvinger, Norway.

Christman, Jennie L., catlgr. State L., Albany, N. Y.

Christopher, Katharine M., stud. N. Y. P. L. Sch., N. Y. City.

Clark, Elizabeth V., ln. Carnegie F. L., Connellsville, Pa.

Clark, Mrs. George E., Skaneateles, N. Y.

Clark, Mabel, stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Clark, S. M., asst. Richards L., Warrensburg, N. Y.

Clarke, Edith E., instr. Syracuse Univ. L. Sch., Syracuse, N. Y.

Clarke, Elizabeth P., ln. Seymour L., Auburn, N. Y.

Clatworthy, Linda M., ln. P. L. and Museum, Dayton, O.

Clement, Edith M., asst. Trav. L., N. Y. State L., Albany, N. Y.

Cloud, Josephine P., supt. of circ. P. L., Minneapolis, Minn.

Coe, Mrs. Frances R., reviser of catalog, P. L., Somerville,

Mass.

Colcord, Mabel, ln. Bureau of Entomology, Dept. of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Colcord, Maude B., ln. Loring Reading Room, Plymouth, Mass.

Colson, F. D., law ln. N. Y. State L., Albany, N. Y.

Congdon, Mrs. William M. (Anne W.), L. visitor and director of

Trav. Libs., Providence, R. I.

Cook, O. S., trus. F. P. L., New Bedford, Mass.

Cooper, Isabella M., instr. Simmons Coll. L. Sch., Boston, Mass.

Copeland, Lora A., asst. P. L., Brockton, Mass.

Corliss, Mary, asst. Adriance Mem. L., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Cornew, Elsie M., asst. P. L., N. Y. City.

Cornew, Mrs. H. K., Trenton, N. J.

Coughlin, Joseph D., Hampton, Va.

Cowley, Amy, stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Cowper, Virginia S., L. Dept. John Wanamaker, N. Y. City.

Crain, Lucy B., supt. of child. work P. L., Somerville, Mass.

Crandle, Inez, ln. Dimmick Mem. L., Mauch Chunk, Pa.

Craver, H. W., ln. Carnegie L., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Craver, Mrs. H. W., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Crissey, Jane H., asst. P. L., Troy, N. Y.

Crosby, Caroline R., Milford, N. H.

Cunningham, Jesse, ln. Mo. Sch. of Mines, Rolla, Mo.

Curtis, Florence R., instr. Univ. of Ill. L. Sch., Urbana, Ill.

Custer, Florence B., Philadelphia, Pa.

Cutter, William P., ln. Engineering Societies L., N. Y. City.

Cutter, Mrs. William P., N. Y. City.

Dame, Katharine, catlgr. State L., Albany, N. Y.

Daniells, W. N., stud., Madison, Wis.

Darby, M. Claire, ln. Accountancy Ref. L., Ernst & Ernst,

Cleveland, O.

Darrow, Helen W., asst. ln. Skidmore Sch., Saratoga Springs, N.

Y.

Dauchy, C. A., asst. ln. Adriance Mem. L., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Davis, Georgia S., statistician P. L., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Davis, Mary G., child. ln. P. L., N. Y. City.

Davis, Mary L., ln. P. L., Troy, N. Y.

Davis, O. S., ln. P. L., Laconia, N. H.

Davis, Mrs. O. S., Laconia, N. H.

Dayton, Hazel I., asst. Osterhout F. L., Wilkes-Barré, Pa.

Dean, Florence M., asst. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dean, Mathew, 1180 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dean, Mrs. Mathew, 1180 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Decker, Cora M., asst. ln. P. L., Scranton, Pa.

Decker, C. V. A., Kingston, N. Y.

Dice, J. H., stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Dick, Margaret S., stud. N. Y. State L. Sch., Albany, N. Y.

Dickerson, L. L., ln. Grinnell Coll. L., Grinnell, Ia.

*Dickey, Helene L., ln. Chicago Teachers' Coll. L., Chicago,

Ill.

Dickinson, Asa Don, editorial dept. Doubleday, Page & Co.,

Garden City, N. Y.

Dickinson, Mrs. A. D., Garden City, N. Y.

Diephuis, Albert, P. L., St. Louis, Mo.

Dilks, A. Irene, Bureau of Municipal Research, Dayton, O.

Dingman, Annie P., Yale Univ. L., New Haven, Conn.

Dixon, Vera M., ln. Applied Science L., Columbia Univ., N. Y.

City.

Donnelly, June R., teacher L. Economy Washington Irving High

Sch., N. Y. City.

Doren, Electra C, R. F. D. 13, Dayton, O.

Dougan, Alice M., asst. catalog dept. N. Y. State L., Albany,

N. Y.

*Dougherty, Anna R., chief art dept. F. L., Philadelphia, Pa.

*Dougherty, H. T., ln. Sayles P. L., Pawtucket, R. I.

*Dougherty, Mrs. H. T., Pawtucket, R. I.

Drake, Jeannette M., ln. P. L., Sioux City, Ia.

Drake, Ruth B., asst. catlgr. P. L., Cincinnati, O.

Draper, Anne E., ln. Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D. C.

Draper, Miriam S., ln. Child. Museum L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Du Bois, Isabel, br. ln. P. L., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Du Bois, Mrs. Lanetta E., New Paltz, N. Y.

**Dudgeon, M. S., sec'y Wis. F. L. Com., Madison, Wis.

Duff, Ida J., child. ln. Bushwick Br. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Duncan, Anne S., Port Huron, Mich.

Dutcher, Marion F., catlgr. Adriance Mem. L., Poughkeepsie, N.

Y.

Dwyer, Winifred G., asst. F. P. L., Bayonne, N. J.

Earhart, Frances E., ln. P. L., Duluth, Minn.

Eastman, Edith L., asst. ln. Wesleyan Univ. L., Middletown,

Conn.

Eastman, Linda A., vice-ln. P. L., Cleveland, O.

Eastman, William R., Albany, N. Y.

Eastwood, Mary E., asst. N. Y. State L., Albany, N. Y.

Eaton, Alice L., ln. Norman Williams P. L., Woodstock, Vt.

Ehle, Mary E., ln. Potter Br. P. L., Utica, N. Y.

Elder, Vera, asst. P. L., N. Y. City.

Elliot, Mrs. Portia W., Albany, N. Y.

Ellis, Ruth M., catlgr. Hamilton Coll. L., Clinton, N. Y.

Elston, Catharine, ln. Univ. of Pittsburgh L., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Engle, Emma R., chief child. dept. F. L., Philadelphia, Pa.

Entler, Marguerite H., asst. L. Assn., Portland, Ore.

Evans, Adelaide F., head catlgr. F. P. L., Louisville, Ky.

Evans, Alice G., ln. F. P. L., Decatur, Ill.

Evans, G. H., ln. P. L., Woburn, Mass.

Evans, Margaret H., child. ln. P. L., Buffalo, N. Y.

Everhart, Ethel, child. ln. P. L. Br., N. Y. City.

Ewing, Ariel M., Philadelphia, Pa.

Fairbanks, Ellen A., Woodstock, Vt.

Farquhar, Alice M., br. ln. P. L., Chicago, Ill.

Farr, Mary P., L. organizer, Philadelphia, Pa.

Farrell, Winnifred, ln. Merrick P. L., Brookfield, Mass.

Farrington, Chas. E., br. ln. P. L., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Fauteux, Aegidius, ln. Bibliotheque St. Sulpice, Montreal,

Canada.

*Faxon, F. W., mgr. L. dept. Boston Book Co., Boston, Mass.

*Faxon, Mrs. F. W., Boston, Mass.

*Faxon, Mrs. Marcus, 86 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.

Feazel, E. A., ln. Law L. Assn., Cleveland, O.

Feipel, L. N., catlgr. U. S. Naval Academy L., Annapolis, Md.

Feipel, Mrs. L. N., Annapolis, Md.

Field, O. J., chief clk. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C.

Field, Pearl I., supervisor of special deposits P. L., Chicago,

Ill.

Finney, Byron A., ref. ln. Univ. of Mich. L., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Finney, Mrs. B. A., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Fisher, Mary C., Ossining, N. Y.

Fisk, Mary V., ln. Toledo Law Assn., Toledo, O.

Fison, H. W., ln. P. L., Malden, Mass.

Flagg, C. A., ln. P. L., Bangor, Me.

Fletcher, Fanny B., trus. Fletcher Mem. L. of Ludlow,

Proctorsville, Vt.

Flexner, Jennie M., head of circulation dept. F. P. L.,

Louisville, Ky.

Foote, Elizabeth L., br. ln. P. L., N. Y. City.

Ford, Eva M., asst. sec'y A. L. A., Chicago, Ill.

Fossler, Anna, supervisor serial dept. Columbia Univ. L., N. Y.

City.

Foye, Charlotte H., senior asst. John Crerar L., Chicago, Ill.

Francis, Gertrude, East Orange, N. J.

Franke, Helena C, ln. F. P. L., Bound Brook, N. J.

Freeman, Abigail A., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Freeman, Alice M., Boston, Mass.

Freeman, Marilla W., ln. Goodwyn Inst. L., Memphis, Tenn.

Freidus, Abraham S., chief Jewish division P. L., N. Y. City.

Frost, Elizabeth R., ref. ln. Silas Bronson L., Waterbury, Conn.

Frost, Sarah L., ln. Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.

Fuller, G. W., ln. P. L., Spokane, Wash.