HUNTING AND HYGIENE.
To be a good collector, it is necessary to be something more than a
good marksman. You must know at what time of day to go out to be most
successful, and the localities where you are most likely to find the
birds that you are looking for. In the field, you must be all eyes and
ears. No thicket should be too dense, no tree too tall for your quick
eye to penetrate its foliage; no chirp or rustle too small or weak for
your active ear to detect. In short, to be a good collector you must
understand wood-craft. Sometimes a bird is seen just disappearing into
the underbrush. A very good call, which seldom fails in bringing the
bird from its retreat, is made by placing the back of the hand to the
lips and sucking. By practice, this may be made to resemble the cries
of a wounded bird. Early morning and just before sun-down have been
found to be the best hours for collecting, although something may be
done at any time of day. During the noon hours, birds generally remain
hidden in the cool depths of the thickets and woods. Birds are seldom
found in the deep forest; but, at the hours mentioned, trees and bushes
skirting roads, fields and meadows, will be found teeming with life.
THE GUN.
The choice of a gun for collecting purposes is, of course, optional
with the reader; but a good twelve or fourteen bore breech-loading shot
gun will give better satisfaction than any other, and will be worth the
price of the gun in time-saving, when in the field. The pistol-guns,
introduced within the last few years, often prove of great service in
collecting small specimens.
LOADING.
Several sizes of shot should be taken into the field, ranging from
dust or mustard seed, as it is sometimes called, to No. 6 or 8. For
all small birds up to the size of a robin, dust shot should be
used; and I have even killed grouse and plover with it, although,
it must be confessed, at a very short range. The larger sizes are
used for hawks and all large birds. With several sizes of shot, you
can vary your loads according to the bird that you are pursuing.
Here the breech-loading gun is vastly superior to the old-fashioned
muzzle-loader, for it is but the work of an instant to change from
large to small, or _vice versa_. Be careful not to load too heavily.
Most of your birds will be killed within a few yards, and it is
astonishing how little powder and how few shot will produce the desired
effect.
CARRYING.
The most convenient and safe way to carry birds in the field, is in a
common fish-creel; or in a basket which I devised and have used for
several years. It is simply a long, deep and narrow basket, carried
on the back by straps which cross in front of the chest. At the back
of the basket, outside, is a netting for carrying paper, etc.; and on
either side a pocket or pouch of cloth for cotton, etc. For all birds
under the size of a crow, this basket is very convenient.
Before going out provide yourself with a number of sheets of stiff
paper. As soon as a bird is shot, fill the mouth, anus, and shot-holes
with cotton, and drop the bird head foremost, with bill pointing
downwards, into a cornucopia of the paper, just the size of the bird's
body, and fold the edges over the tail, taking care not to rumple or
break the tail feathers. When birds are shot, they do not always die at
once; but they may be put out of misery by placing the thumb under one
wing, and the forefinger under the other, and squeezing. After a second
or so, the bird will give a gasp and die.
This cannot be done in the case of large birds. To kill these, insert a
thin knife-blade between the skull and last vertebra, cutting through
the spinal cord; or break the back by pressing upon it with the knee.
TRANSPORTING.
Skins may be either packed in boxes, between layers of cotton, or
they may be pushed head first into cylinders of stiff paper having a
diameter equal to the largest part of the skin.
COLLECTING SUIT.
A serviceable and comfortable hunting-suit may be made from any good
strong stuff, such as corduroy, etc. The pants should be made rather
loose, and have the seams firmly sewed. The coat should be a mere
succession of pockets, and of course very loose. A soft, broad-brimmed
felt hat, and a pair of broad-soled, low-heeled shoes, for ordinary
wear; or, for shooting where the country is wet and boggy, a pair
of high top boots may be substituted. This will be found to be the
easiest, most durable and least expensive outfit that can be made.
EATING.
Do not start out in the morning without having first partaken of a
lunch, however slight, as a preventive, if nothing more; for tramping
on an empty stomach will almost always upset one for the whole day.
AT HOME.
As soon as you return from your day's tramp, a good "wash-up" and a
change of clothes will rest you far more than sitting down. Especially,
if your feet are wet, lose no time in changing socks, and all other
garments that are in the least damp. By doing this, you will save
yourself many a severe cold, and perhaps a fit of sickness.
POISONING.
In case of poisoning with the arsenic, while preparing your skins,
the advice of Dr. Coues, in his "Field Ornithology," covers the whole
treatment. "Avoid," he says, "all mechanical irritation of the inflamed
parts, touch the parts that have ulcerated with a stick of lunar
caustic; take a dose of salts; use syrup of iodide of iron, or tincture
of chloride of iron, say thirty drops in a wine-glass of water, thrice
a day; rest at first; exercise gradually as soon as you can bear it;
and skin no birds till you have completely recovered." If these do not
cure, medical advice should be procured.
HINTS ON
WRITING AND SPEECH-MAKING
BY
THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON,
AUTHOR OF
"YOUNG FOLKS' HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES," "YOUNG FOLKS' AMERICAN
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Transcriber's note:
The following alterations have been made:
p.44: Erroneous full-stop removed. Original read: Snakes, frogs,
etc.. may be opened
p.[57]: Quotation mark added. Original read: "Oldport Days," Army
Life in a Black Regiment,"
p.[57]: Corrected word 'similar'. Original read: Now that
similiar suggestions
p.[57]: Corrected comma to full-stop. Original read: two together
in a small volume, The last-named paper