A TALE TOLD IN TELEGRAMS
One day in October, 1915, a good-looking young fellow wandered into
the office of the United States Attorney at Detroit and inquired
if the office was making any investigations into dynamite cases.
His inquiry was odd enough of itself, but coupled with his personal
appearance and his entirely unexpected arrival on the scene, it
was doubly mysterious. Lewis J. Smith, as his name turned out
to be, looked like a handsome, big, farmer’s boy who had come
to town and made a little money. He was well dressed in what he
considered the style, and in conversation developed a winning smile
and a very engaging and convincing personality. There was the
fresh wholesomeness of country breeding about him that comported
strangely with his guarded and mysterious talk of dynamite. The
United States Attorney thought he must be a “little off,” but
referred him to the local agent of the Department of Justice.
To this agent Smith told at first an incoherent story. But the
agent was tactful and sympathetic and by asking a question now
and then and even more by refraining from asking questions at
embarrassing moments, he drew out from Smith most of the details of
one of the most dangerous German plots, incidentally exposing the
organization of the German spy system west of the Mississippi River.
The story revealed by Smith and by the corroborative testimony
in the subsequent investigation was this: Consul-General Bopp
discovered that the California Powder Mills at Pinole, across the
bay from San Francisco, was manufacturing powder for the use of
the Russians on the Eastern Front in Europe, and that this powder
was being shipped from Tacoma and Seattle to Vladivostok. One
particularly large shipment was under way and he wanted to stop
it. He employed C. C. Crowley, who had been for many years head
detective for the Southern Pacific Railroad but lately discharged
for grafting, to undertake this job along with several others.
Crowley lived in the Hotel Gartland in San Francisco, and bought
his cigars at a little German stand across the street. Through this
German, who was also patronized by Smith, Crowley learned that
Smith had been employed recently in the California Powder Mills
but was out of a job. Crowley introduced himself to Smith and
first gave him the task of going back to the mill and finding out
exactly how the powder for Russia was being routed. He gave Smith
several hundred dollars, and the next day Smith’s former fellow
employees were astonished to see him ride up to the works in an
automobile, completely outfitted in new clothes and flourishing a
roll of bills big enough to make them gasp. Smith soon found how
the powder was packed and marked and also that it was being loaded
on a big scow and would be towed by sea to Tacoma for loading there
on ships for Vladivostok.
A few days later Crowley told Smith to go to Tacoma and register
at the Donnelly Hotel, and that he would join him there, going by
another train. There they would manufacture bombs of a type which
Smith had devised, and Smith was to place these bombs on the ships
that would carry the powder to Russia.
Smith took his wife to Tacoma. They registered at the Donnelly
Hotel, but as they soon discovered they would have to spend some
time in the city, they took an apartment. Smith and Crowley were
constantly meeting and between them surveyed all the shipping in
the harbour and found out when the boats would sail and what they
were carrying. The barge load of powder from California was towed
into the harbour while they were there, and anchored in midstream
to await the lightering of its cargo to the trans-Pacific ships.
These ships proved to be the _Kifuku Maru_ and the _Shinsei Maru_
(Japanese), the _Hazel Dollar_, an American boat flying the British
flag, and the _Talthybius_, a British ship. Smith undertook to
place bombs on all of them.
What Smith actually did was to visit small stores in Tacoma and
near Seattle and buy regular commercial 40 per cent. dynamite in
sticks, telling the storekeepers that he was clearing a farm and
wanted the dynamite for use in blowing up stumps. He loaded a lot
of it into an old suitcase and left Crowley one afternoon, telling
him he was going to place this on one of the ships that night.
Instead, he went out into the woods with it, cached it under a
log, the position of which he fixed in memory by a big stump and a
tree that had a big rock in its fork, then walked on down to the
railroad track, carrying his suitcase, and later threw the suitcase
away down an embankment. He reported to Crowley that he had not
been able to get anything on the _Kifuku Maru_, which was the first
to sail, but that he had “fixed” the _Hazel Dollar_, the _Shinsei
Maru_, and the _Talthybius_.
[Illustration: “WHEN THE WATER GETS TO THE BOILERS”
The explosion of the boilers of one of the neutral merchant
steamers sunk by the _Eitel Friedrich_]
Crowley, in the meantime, had been keeping in touch with the
Germans in San Francisco. It had been arranged that all dealings
with them were to be through Von Brincken. Crowley, on his part,
kept in touch with his secretary, Mrs. Cornell, she communicating
in person, or by telephone, with Von Brincken, and Von Brincken
reporting to Bopp and getting further orders.
A great deal of the story from this point on is A Tale Told in
Telegrams. The first of these telegrams, which figured in the
subsequent trial, was dated Tacoma, May 13, 1915. It was addressed
to Crowley who had not yet joined Smith. The message was:
Fine weather Kaifuku Box 244 five days.
S. HOTEL DONNELLY.
This message was, of course, from Smith and was in the crude code
that had been agreed upon. “Fine weather” meant that everything was
O. K. “Kaifuku” gave the name of the ship on which the powder would
probably be carried. “Box 244” was the post-office address through
which Smith could be reached, and “five days” was the probable
sailing date of the _Kifuku_.
It so happened, however, that a few hours after Smith had sent this
telegram Crowley arrived in Tacoma. Crowley was always full of
fear that he would be detected, and he was afraid of the message
that Smith had sent. He, therefore, immediately telegraphed to Mrs.
Cornell to go to the Gartland Hotel in San Francisco and get this
telegram, and telegraphed also to the hotel to give it to her when
she called.
Between one and two o’clock in the morning of Sunday, May 30th
(Decoration Day), everybody in Tacoma and Seattle was jarred from
his slumbers by a terrific explosion in the harbour. The scow load
of powder had disappeared in one grand flash, crash, and cloud of
smoke, carrying with it the night watchman who had been living on
it. One hundred thousand dollars’ worth of plate glass in Tacoma
and Seattle was destroyed and news of the explosion was telegraphed
to the papers all over the country. Crowley had got the main part
of his job done in one quick stroke.
Here was good news for the Germans. Crowley could not wait for the
mails to carry it, so the next day he sent the following telegram
to Mrs. Cornell:
Work has been good. And all fixed. No connection with the big
Circus it was an accident to the Elephant.
C.
This cryptic message meant:
“Work has been good and all fixed,” that he and Smith had had
good luck in their plots against the ships and that bombs had been
placed on all of them. “No connection with the big Circus it was an
accident to the Elephant,” the “big Circus” was the four ships for
Vladivostok and the “Elephant” was the scow--in other words, the
explosion had not interfered with their work against the ships.
Before Crowley got his message off, however, Mrs. Crowley had
sent one to him. The Germans were in a panic. Von Brincken had
telephoned her that Bopp had word that Smith had been arrested and
had given the game away, so she telegraphed:
Von learned your friend told all before leaving. Anxious. Answer.
M. W. C.
To this Crowley replied:
Show that telegram to him also say I do not credit report on S.
he made good.
C.
“That telegram” meant his message about the circus. To this Mrs.
Cornell replied:
Don’t understand your message. Get letter Portland Post-office on
arrival.
M. W. C.
Crowley, she knew, was leaving immediately for San Francisco.
There were some grounds for the Germans apprehension. Smith was
arrested and charged with having caused the explosion on the scow.
But after a little manœuvring he managed to get free of the charge
and, with money wired to him at Tacoma by Crowley, went back to
San Francisco where Crowley paid him first $300 and then $600 in
currency.
The Germans, however, had been pretty well frightened and they
thought it was about time to get both Smith and Crowley away. Smith
and his wife were hustled off to Sacramento where they lived at a
hotel for a little while and then Mrs. Smith was sent on ahead to
New York, while Crowley and Smith arranged to meet in Chicago to
carry out a new plan that the Germans had devised.
This plot was to use Detroit as headquarters for operations in
Canada and there to blow up the stockyards at St. Thomas, Ontario,
and trains carrying horses for shipment to Europe. Crowley and
Smith got together in Chicago and visited the stockyards to spot
the shipments of horses toward the Atlantic seaboard. They learned
that a good many of these shipments were being routed through
Canada by way of Detroit. In the meantime, however, the Germans in
San Francisco were getting restless. They had expected almost every
day that the ships for Vladivostok would be reported blown up or
missing. They had heard neither, and they were beginning to suspect
that they had been deceived. They had been deceived, but so had
Crowley--and this explains the tenor of his replies in the Second
Tale Told in Telegrams. The first intimation of trouble he received
was a telegram from Mrs. Cornell on June 21st, to which she signed
her middle initial:
Saw him noon gave message. He was astonished. Said we’ll suspend
judgment for a few days. Queer news this morning. He suspects you
were interested in the failure.
W.
Meantime, Crowley had gone on to Detroit and this message was
wired to him at the Hotel Statler there. His reply is missing, but
he evidently expressed astonishment at the message, giving some
instructions for his office and asking for more particulars. To
this message Mrs. Cornell replied:
Your instructions will be acted upon. Wired you first arrived.
W.
The second sentence of the message meant that the first boat,
the _Shinsei Maru_, had arrived safely at Vladivostok, despite
Crowley’s previous assurances that it had been “fixed.” This was
what the Germans could not understand, and what had aroused their
suspicions that Crowley had been deceiving them, and that he had
possibly even been in somebody else’s pay to “double cross” them.
Their suspicions were redoubled, as seems natural enough in the
light of Mrs. Cornell’s message of June 29th to Crowley:
All three arrived. I am waiting your advice. Something queer.
W.
In other words, the other two boats, the _Hazel Dollar_ and the
_Talthybius_, had safely made Vladivostok.
Meanwhile, Crowley had been having other troubles with Smith. One
day he called for him at the Briggs Hotel in Chicago and found
that he had disappeared. He learned that he had gone on to New
York, leaving as his forwarding address simply “Station L, General
Delivery, New York.” Smith had two causes for anxiety. In the first
place, he had not heard from his wife and did not know whether she
had arrived safely. Consequently, on June 18th he had telegraphed
to a friend in New York:
Can you give my wife’s address. Important. Answer paid,
and received a reply the same day giving the address. He left
Chicago at once and telegraphed her from Buffalo the following
evening:
On train 36 Grand Central Depot 703 Sunday morning.
LEWIS.
On Sunday afternoon Crowley telegraphed him from Chicago:
What is the matter? Was surprised when found you had gone. Send
me some word to Stratford Hotel.
C. C. C.
Smith did not reply until four days later, after he had learned
that Crowley had gone on from Chicago to Detroit. He then
telegraphed him:
From Tacoma at Chicago. Address 308 East Fiftieth St., New York
City.
S.
To Crowley the second sentence was plain enough, but the first one
was unintelligible, so he wired Smith:
Do not understand message. Let me know if you are coming here.
Important.
C.
Smith did not dare to explain by telegraph what the matter was, but
he had become convinced that detectives were on his trail and that
he had been followed all the way from Tacoma to Chicago. He had
suddenly decided to give them the slip and temporarily to break his
connection with Crowley until Crowley should be at a safer place
for him to get in touch with him again. Also he wanted to “work”
Crowley for some more money, consequently his reply on June 25th
was:
Cannot explain by wire. Would come but finances don’t permit.
Can’t find wife. Answer.
S.
The latter part of this message was another lie because he was
with his wife at the time, but it served to excuse his absence and
baited the hook for more money. Crowley promptly bit and replied:
I wired you fifty dollars. Come W. U.
C.
Corroborating this message was a service message of the Western
Union operator to their New York Office at 24 Walker Street:
Send notice to L. J. Smith, 308 East 50 St. Report delay of
transfer payable at Grand Central Terminal.
M. T. A.
This telegram authorized the payment of $50.
At the same time Crowley undertook to satisfy his German employers
and to divert their minds from their previous disappointment by
promising them some results on the new venture. He telegraphed Mrs.
Cornell on June 25th:
Tell him I expect S. by Sunday then action.
C.
The “him” was Von Brincken and the “S” was, of course, Smith. The
promised “action” was action in the plot to dynamite the cattle
trains at St. Thomas, Ontario. The next day Smith was on his way to
Detroit, sending a message on the train to his wife to let her know
he was all right:
Arrived at Toledo O. K.
L.
Smith met Crowley in Detroit the following day and Crowley
immediately telegraphed Mrs. Cornell further reassuring news for
his German friends:
He arrived and will be in action in day or two. Weather cool.
All O. K. Give all clippings to him let me know if any word from
Hazel and friend. Let him know of S.
C.
This message meant that Smith had arrived and would dynamite the
stockyards in a day or two, that there was nothing exciting to
report, and everything was going well. The “action” referred to was
the blowing up of the cattle trains and the St. Clair Tunnel at
Port Huron. The “clippings” were newspaper reports of the explosion
on the scow at Tacoma which he wanted Mrs. Cornell to give to “him”
that is to Von Brincken. “Let him know of S” meant: “Tell Von
Brincken that Smith is here.” “Let me know if any word from Hazel
and friend,” meant that Crowley had not given up hope that there
was a mistake about the ships having made Vladivostok in safety
and that he expected still to hear that Hazel (that is the _Hazel
Dollar_) and “friend” (_Talthybius_) had been destroyed.
The promised “action” was now, so Crowley thought, about to be
produced. He was going to take Smith into Canada and cause some
explosions. Consequently he telegraphed Mrs. Cornell on June 29th:
Night letter follows. Go to Toronto few days. Don’t wire until
Friday.
C.
This announced the approaching trip for action.
Crowley’s scheme for “action” was this: Smith was to carry a
suitcase full of dynamite and buy a ticket to St. Thomas, Ontario.
Crowley was to carry a suitcase very similar in appearance,
containing his travelling things, and was to buy a through ticket
to Buffalo which would take him over the same route through Canada
that Smith was to travel. This plan was actually worked out with
one exception. Smith had a perfectly good imagination and a
perfectly developed yellow streak in his courage. He still wanted
the $300 monthly he was making and was determined to continue
getting it, but he had no relish at all for the pictures conjured
in his mind of what would happen to him if he were discovered in
Canada with a suitcase full of dynamite. He showed the dynamite
packed in the case to Crowley. Then he went out into the suburbs
of Detroit, got rid of the dynamite and, from a night watchman on
a brick building in course of construction, bought a half-dozen
bricks with which he filled the suitcase. This Irishman was
afterward discovered and readily recalled both Smith and the
circumstances, as he had been both puzzled and amused at the idea
of anybody buying bricks when he could easily have stolen them.
As they had arranged, Smith boarded the Michigan Central train at
Detroit late Sunday afternoon on July the 4th, and took a seat in
the day coach. Crowley, who did not walk with him but followed
close behind, took the seat behind Smith. Each, of course, stowed
his suitcase at his feet. In a few minutes Smith walked to the
front end of the car for a drink of water, whereupon Crowley
stepped out on the platform at the rear. Smith came back and took
Crowley’s seat. Crowley returned and took Smith’s seat. Shortly
after, the customs inspector came through the train with the
conductor. His presence was the reason for this exchange of seats.
As Crowley had a through ticket to Buffalo and would not leave
the train, the customs inspector did not open his suitcase but
simply pasted on it the through ticket label by which it would be
identified by the other customs inspector who would board the train
at Niagara Falls, when the train was about to reënter the United
States at Buffalo. Hence the suitcase containing the supposed
dynamite was not opened, and this was Crowley’s plan. Crowley’s
own suitcase, now in the seat with Smith, was, of course, opened
and examined. But it contained nothing but Crowley’s personal
belongings. An hour or so later the stratagem was repeated and
Smith and Crowley resumed their original seats and got possession
of their original baggage. Smith dropped off the train at St.
Thomas at about eleven o’clock that night and Crowley went on
through to Buffalo.
Smith’s nerve was no better this time than it had been before.
In St. Thomas he emptied the bricks out of his suitcase, bought
some travelling things to replace them, and took the train on to
New York. In the meantime, Crowley had been having his troubles
with the anxious and irritated Germans in San Francisco. There
was an interchange of messages based on his need for money and on
a break in the chain of communication between him and Bopp. Von
Brincken had been made very unhappy by Bopp, as the latter was in
a furious rage over the failure of the earlier plot at Tacoma,
and had accused Von Brincken of everything from embezzlement to
treachery and had made his life so miserable that he was glad of
an excuse to get out of San Francisco. The immediate occasion he
made for his leaving was an opportunity he had to go to Tia Juana,
Mexico, just across the border from California. As both Crowley
and his representative Mrs. Cornell had been positively forbidden
to communicate with Bopp, Crowley was at the moment considerably
embarrassed by his inability to get in touch with headquarters.
This explains the meaning of Mrs. Cornell’s message of July 2d,
addressed to Crowley at Detroit:
Am trying to find him. Waited to hear from you.
W.
She did manage to reach Von Brincken just before he left for Mexico
late the same day, again telegraphing Crowley:
He said: If you have plans go ahead with them. State amount
required. Have been looking for results.
W.
Crowley replied the next morning:
Tell him have planned action for within a week. No doubt able to
make showing. Ans.
C.
His reply, however, was too late. Von Brincken had gone to Mexico,
hence Mrs. Cornell telegraphed:
Cannot get in touch with him. Have tried everything. Wired you
last night state amount required. Advise me.
W.
To this message Crowley replied:
Don’t worry. Did he get night letter thirtyth? Go to Buffalo
to-morrow night. Statler. If you find him wire me. Don’t send
money until decided.
C.
The following day was the Sunday on which Crowley and Smith left
Detroit together. Smith dropped off at St. Thomas and Crowley
proceeded to Buffalo. The following evening Crowley again
telegraphed Mrs. Cornell from Buffalo:
Nothing from you. Send me long letter to-night.
C.
Her reply was:
Nothing from him since last Wednesday except one phone telling
you state amount. Believe he is fighting for time. Don’t commit
yourself he has no authority. Told me he expected to take another
position in a month as the atmosphere was intolerable. I gave up
apartment Saturday morning. Will wire.
W.
Mrs. Cornell had been unable to reach Von Brincken for the very
good reason that he was out of town. Her quotation of his remark
that he “expected to take another position within a month” referred
to Von Brincken’s untenable position in the Consulate in San
Francisco, and to his manœuvres to get himself transferred to the
New York end of the German spy system with his friend Von Papen,
with whom he had become quite chummy on a recent visit of Von
Papen’s to the Pacific Coast.
Two days later, however, Von Brincken had come back to San
Francisco and Mrs. Cornell had a talk with him. Following this talk
she telegraphed to Crowley, who was now in New York, stopping at
the Wallick Hotel:
Manager informed Bradford that experiences made were discouraging
that outlook of lawsuit was too poor to justify advances for
appeal. He is willing to offer lawyer contingent fee depending
upon success only. Bradford privately advises see his friend in
New York at once. Will send night letter.
W.
In this message Mrs. Cornell dropped into the code they had agreed
to use before Crowley left San Francisco. “Manager” was Bopp, the
head German in San Francisco. “Bradford” was Von Brincken. The
“lawsuit” was the plot. The “lawyer” was Smith. “Bradford’s friend
in New York” was Von Papen.
In her promised night letter Mrs. Cornell said:
I asked for a hundred. They refused let him have it. He was
indignant at refusal but decided it would be best in the end as
it would justify your seeing other party who had plenty. He hopes
to work with you soon. Don’t forget to boost him. He looks to you
for help. I have not selected a home yet.
W.
The latter part of this message urges Crowley to recommend Von
Brincken very strongly to Von Papen when he sees him in New York so
that Von Papen will be sure to transfer Von Brincken to the eastern
territory so he can get away from Bopp. The next day Crowley
telegraphed Mrs. Cornell from New York:
Appointment for to-morrow. Outlook not good. Will wire. Tell
him I expect them to settle for all up to time of return or
commencement here.
C.
The appointment, of course, was with Von Papen, but Crowley was not
very happy about it as he seemed to have been failing right along
to get anywhere, and he had now been so much criticized from San
Francisco that he became fearful that Bopp would shut down on his
money. Mrs. Cornell now gave up hope of getting action. On July
10th she telegraphed him:
Wasting time trying get them through me. Communicate direct. He
knows I want him but won’t see me. Moved 305 A Steiner with Alice
few days.
M. W. C.
Crowley in desperation telegraphed for money from his personal
bank account and got back a telegraphic order from Mrs. Cornell
for $125. He divided with Smith and then bought a ticket for San
Francisco so that he could deal direct with Bopp. Following Von
Brincken’s suggestion he told Smith when he left to go and see Von
Papen, and get the rest of his money from him. Smith went to the
German Club, on Central Park South, and sent up a message to Von
Papen to which he got the curt reply that Von Papen did not want to
see anybody from San Francisco. He had not yet been informed by Von
Brincken that Smith was a man he could use.
Smith was now very angry, and casting all discretion to the winds,
telegraphed openly and directly to the German Consulate in San
Francisco, addressing the message to Von Shack on the theory that
having exhausted all approaches to Bopp and Von Brincken he would
go after the one man who still might be reached:
Why dont you answer?
SMITH.
Three days later Smith telegraphed to Crowley who, he knew, would
now be in San Francisco:
Please advise office that I request immediate reply also
transportation back to Frisco. I resist (resent) the treatment I
have lately received for my faithful service. Answer.
L. J. SMITH.
A few days later, telegraphing from an office on the Exposition
Grounds, in San Francisco, Crowley sent a message to Smith in New
York:
Two hundred to-morrow one hundred Tuesday both Postal. Come.
C.
Crowley had now managed to restore some degree of confidence in
his work and Smith’s, and had adopted his favourite method of
diverting attention from past failures by setting forth a glowing
prospectus of a new scheme. For a third time the Germans “bit.” In
his eagerness Crowley thereupon sent a rush message to Smith:
Come to San Francisco at once.
C.
Smith promptly replied:
Enroute to-night.
S.
He arrived in San Francisco six days later, telephoned to Crowley
at the Gartland Hotel, and Crowley in turn telephoned to Bopp that
Smith was on hand. That evening Crowley and Smith got together
in Crowley’s room and made out a statement of Smith’s expenses.
This statement was a work of art. At Crowley’s suggestion Smith
carefully “padded” the account so that they both made a handsome
profit on that besides their salaries. They met Bopp in the Palace
Hotel the following morning and he there paid the amount of the
expense account, $845, in bills.
Bopp and Crowley told Smith that they would probably have more work
for him to do and for him to go back East. He left San Francisco on
July 28th, telegraphing when he started to his wife at Cedarhurst,
L. I.:
Remain one more week then meet me at Detroit. Answer at once.
L. OCCIDENTAL HOTEL.
She replied that she would meet him as directed. Smith went on to
Detroit and stopped first at the Normandie Hotel and then moved out
to a boarding house.
In a couple of weeks Crowley had got further orders from Bopp and
wrote a letter to Smith in Detroit, saying that Bopp would give
$500 apiece for blowing up the powder works outside Gary, Ind., and
Ishpeming, Mich., besides paying his salary of $300 a month and
expenses. Before Smith had time to get the letter he got another
telegram from Crowley:
The matter in my letter is off. Write me letter
C.
What had happened was: Bopp had decided that Smith could get better
results by working in California where he was more familiar with
the powder plants and where he would be more closely under his
direction and not under Von Papen’s direction. After a discussion
with Crowley, Bopp had agreed to a plan to have Smith return to
California and get a job again in the California Powder Mills at
Pinole, now owned by the Hercules Powder Company, and cause an
explosion there. Following this agreement Crowley telegraphed Smith
on August 30th:
Delay in information you want also in getting Consent on other
matter will know in few days and will advise you. Will recommend
if you can get good title to place here and the one north you be
given an amount. Round trip transportation be furnished no other
expense allowed.
GARRETT.
Crowley had used the name of Garrett several times and often
received mail under this name at his hotel in San Francisco. The
meat of this message was: “if you can, get good title to the one
here” and “the one north.” The “place here” was the California
Powder Mills, and “the one north” was a powder mill of the Ætna
Explosive Company outside Tacoma with which Smith was familiar as a
result of his trip there at the time of the explosion on the scow.
On September 7th Crowley telegraphed Smith:
They cannot decide on matter.
C.
Smith waited a week for a decision and then wired Von Shack again:
I expect immediate and satisfactory answer from you. Crowley has
my letter.
L. J. SMITH.
The satisfactory answer did not come. The Germans in San Francisco
had spent all they were willing to spend without getting any
result. Smith got a job in an automobile factory in Detroit, and
his wife returned to her vocation as a _masseuse_ in a Turkish
bath. Pretty soon they both began to “see things”--Mrs. Smith in
particular. First she thought she saw Crowley following her in
disguise on the street one night. Smith began to suspect also that
they were being trailed by detectives in the employ of the Germans,
and finally he feared both bodily harm and violence, and the
possibility of the American Government having gotten wind of some
of his activities and dogging his steps to arrest him. He finally
decided that the safe thing to do was to turn State’s evidence, and
hence he wandered into the office of the United States Attorney and
started various trains of investigation that ultimately sent Bopp,
Crowley, Von Brincken, and Von Shack to two years in prison, and
Mrs. Cornell to one year. Smith and his wife were given immunity
for turning State’s evidence.