+500.+ Sometimes clauses are used without the co-ordinate conjunction
and a comma is used to indicate the omission. For example:
Do not moan, do not submit, do not kneel, do not pray, do not wait.
Speak as you mean, do as you profess, perform what you promise.
+RULE 2.+
+501.+ +Explanatory and introductory expressions, words in direct
address, parenthetical words and phrases, are separated from the rest of
the sentence by commas.+
Note carefully the following examples:
Jaures, the great French Socialist, was the first martyr to peace.
War having been declared, the troops were mobilized.
No, I cannot believe you.
Mr. Chairman, I desire to speak to the convention.
We can, of course, give you the information you desire.
+RULE 3.+
+502.+ +Words, phrases or clauses written in the sentence out of their
natural order should be separated from the rest of the sentence by
commas.+
These words, phrases and clauses are often written at the beginning of
the sentences or at the end of the sentences, or in some place out of
their natural order, for the sake of emphasis, instead of with the words
they modify.
Notice in the following sentences how these words, phrases and clauses
are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. Rewrite these
sentences, placing these words, phrases and clauses in their natural
order and omit the commas.
Longingly and anxiously, he waited.
With this exception, the figures are correct.
The music, sweet and dreamy, floated upon the air.
The waves came rolling in, white with foam.
To deceive the men, he resorted to shameful tricks.
Before anyone else could speak, he was on his feet.
+RULE 4.+
+503.+ +Co-ordinate clauses, when closely related in meaning are
separated by commas. The comma should precede the co-ordinate
conjunction.+ For example:
I have not intended to detain you, but the matter required
explanation.
+RULE 5.+
+504.+ +The omission of the verb in a sentence or a clause should be
indicated by a comma.+ Sometimes in writing for effect or to give
emphasis we omit the verb in the sentence; at other times we omit the
verb when the same verb occurs in a series of brief sentences, and its
continued use would mean a tiresome repetition. For example:
Reading maketh a full man; conference, a ready man; writing, an
exact man.
Here the verb is omitted in the last two clauses and the omission is
indicated by the use of the comma.
+RULE 6.+
+505.+ +Short, direct quotations should be preceded by a comma.+ For
example:
Their slogan is, "An injury to one is the concern of all."
Ferrer's last words were, "Long live the modern school."
+RULE 7.+
+506.+ +Separate the figures in large numbers into groups of three
figures each by the use of commas.+ For example:
The population of the United States has now reached 100,000,000.
According to the census of 1900, there are 29,073,233 people engaged
in gainful occupations in the United States.