Geneva.
During our journey over the mountains which encircle the lower Vallais, I
had often felt an inclination to enter some of the peasants’ houses, that
I might be a witness of the domestic œconomy of a people which Rousseau
has so delightfully described.
Had I been alone, or with a single companion, I should have pledged them
liberally, and made a temporary sacrifice of my reason to the Penates of
those happy mountaineers; for, according to him, this is the only payment
they will receive for their entertainment: But our company was by far
too numerous, and would have put their hospitality to too severe a trial.
After a night’s refreshment at Martigny, we looked with some degree of
impatience for the cabriolets, which had been ordered to meet us there.
We all talked with rapture of the sublime scenes from which we had
descended; yet nobody regretted that the rest of the journey was to be
performed on plain ground. The cabriolets arriving the same forenoon, we
set out by the _embouchure_, which leads to St. Maurice.
That immense rampart of mountains which surrounds the Vallais at every
other part, is cut through here, which renders that country accessible to
the inhabitants of the canton of Bern. This opening has the appearance
of a vast and magnificent avenue, on each side of which a row of lofty
mountains are placed, instead of trees. It is some leagues in length.
The ground is exceedingly fertile, and perfectly level: Yet if an attack
were suspected, this pass could be easily defended by batteries at the
bottom of the mountains on each side. Besides, a river of considerable
depth flows along, sometimes on the one side, and sometimes on the other,
and, by continually crossing the plain, seems to forbid all hostile
incroachments.
This little spot, the country of the Vallaisans, which comprehends the
valley above described, the mountains that surround it, and stretch on
one side all the way to the lake, including three or four towns and many
villages, is a district, governed by its own laws and magistrates, in
alliance with, but independent of, the Swiss cantons, or any other power.
The religion is popery, and the form of government democratic.—It seems
to have been imagined by Nature as a last asylum for that divinity,
without whose influence all her other gifts are of small value. Should
the rapacious hand of despotism ever crush the rights of mankind, and
overturn the altars of FREEDOM, in every other country in Europe, a
chosen people may here preserve the true worship, and share her regard
with the provinces beyond the Atlantic.
In the middle of the opening above mentioned, about four leagues from
Martigny, between two high mountains, and at the side of the Rhone, is
situated the little town of St. Maurice, which guards this entrance into
the lower Vallais.
Having passed a bridge at this town, which divides the country of the
Vallaisans from the canton of Bern, we proceeded to Bex, a village
remarkable for its delightful situation, and for the salt-works which are
near it. After dinner, we visited these. We entered the largest saline by
a passage cut out of the solid rock, of a sufficient height and breadth
to allow a man to walk with ease.
Travellers who have the curiosity to explore these gloomy abodes, are
previously furnished with lighted lamps or torches, and dressed in a
coarse habit, to defend them from the slimy drippings which fall from the
roof and sides of the passage.
Upon arriving at the reservoir of salt water, which is about three
quarters of a mile from the entrance, I was seized with a nausea, from
the disagreeable smell of the place, and returned with all possible
expedition to the open air, leaving my companions to push their
researches as far as they pleased. They remained a considerable time
after me. What satisfaction they received within, I shall not take upon
me to determine; but I never saw a set of people make a more melancholy
exit;—with their greasy frocks, their torches, their smoky, woe-begone
countenances, they put me in mind of a procession of condemned heretics,
walking to the flames, at an Auto de Fè at Lisbon.
Having recovered their looks and spirits at the inn at Bex, they allured
me, that the curiosities they had seen during their subterraneous
progress, particularly after my secession, were more worthy of
observation than any thing we had met with since we had left Geneva; and
they all advised me, with affected seriousness, to return and complete
the interesting visit which I had left unfinished.
Next morning our company divided, the D—— of H—— and Mr. G—— chusing to
return by Vevay and Lausanne. Mr U——, Mr. K——, and myself, went by the
other side of the lake of Geneva. They took with them the two chaises,
and we proceeded on horseback, our road not admitting of wheel-carriages.
We left Bex early in the morning, passing through Aigle, a thriving
little town, whose houses are built of a white marble found in
the neighbourhood.—The ideas of gloom and wretchedness, as well
as of magnificence, had somehow been linked in my mind with this
substance.—I don’t know whether this is owing to its being used in
tombs and monuments;—or to my having observed, that the houses most
profusely ornamented by it are so often the mansions of dulness and
discontent.—Whatever gave rise to this connection of ideas, the
appearance of the inhabitants of Aigle was well calculated to cure me of
the prejudice; for although the meanest houses in this poor little town
are built of marble, yet in the course of my life I never beheld less
care and more satisfaction in the countenances of any set of people.
An appearance of ease and content prevails not only here, but all over
Switzerland.
A little beyond Aigle, we crossed the Rhone in boats. It is broader at
this ferry, than where it flows from the lake of Geneva. As soon as
we arrived on the other side, we were again in the dominions of the
Vallaisans, which extend on this side all the way to the lake.
We had a delightful ride to St. Gingo, where we dined, and remained
several hours to refresh our horses. Though it was Sunday, there was a
fair at this town, to which such a concourse of people had resorted from
the Pays de Vallais, the canton of Bern, and from Savoy, that we could
not without difficulty find a room to dine in.
The dress of the young Vallaisannes is remarkably picturesque. A little
silk hat, fixed on one side of the head, from which a bunch of ribbons
hangs negligently, with a jacket very advantageous to the shape, gives
them a smart air, and is upon the whole more becoming than the dress of
the common people in any country I have yet seen.
A little beyond St. Gingo, we entered the dukedom of Savoy. The road is
here cut out of the lofty rocks which rise from the lake of Geneva. It
must be passed with caution, being exceedingly narrow, and no fence to
prevent the traveller from falling over a very high precipice into the
lake, in case his horse should start to one side.
At some places this narrow road is rendered still more dangerous by
fragments which have fallen from the mountains above, and have impaired
and almost destroyed the path. At those places we were obliged to
dismount, and lead our horses, with great attention, over rubbish and
broken rocks, till we gained those parts of the road which were intire.
The sight of Meillerie brought to my remembrance the charming letters
of Rousseau’s two lovers. This recollection filled me with a pleasing
enthusiasm. I sought with my eyes, and imagined I discovered the
identical place where St. Preux sat with his telescope to view the
habitation of his beloved Julia.—I traced in my imagination his route,
when he sprung from rock to rock after one of her letters, which a sudden
gust of wind had snatched from his hands.—I marked the point at which
the two lovers embarked to return to Clarence, after an evening visit to
those very rocks,—when St. Preux, agonized with tender recollections,
and distracted with despair, was tempted to seize his mistress, then the
wife of another, and precipitate himself along with her, from the boat
headlong into the middle of the lake.
Every circumstance of that pathetic story came fresh into my mind. I felt
myself on a kind of classic ground, and experienced that the eloquence of
that inimitable writer had given me an interest in the landscape before
my eyes, beyond that which its own natural beauties could have effected.
Having left the romantic rocks of Meillerie behind, we descended to a
fertile plain, almost on a level with the lake, along which the road
runs, flanked with rows of fine tall trees all the way to Evian, an
agreeable little town, renowned for its mineral waters. Here we met with
many of our Geneva acquaintances of both sexes, who had come, under
pretence of drinking the waters, to amuse themselves in this delightful
retreat.
We next proceeded to Tonon, a most religious city, if we may judge by
the number of churches and monasteries which it contains. The number of
inhabitants are calculated at six or seven thousand, and every seventh
person I saw wore the uniform of some religious order. After this, I was
not greatly surprised to perceive every symptom of poverty among the lay
inhabitants.
Having bespoke supper and beds at this place, we went and visited the
convent of Carthusians at Ripaille, which is at a little distance.
It was here that a Duke of Savoy, after a fortunate reign, assumed the
character of a hermit, and lived with the fathers a life of piety and
mortification, according to some; of voluptuousness and policy, according
to others. What we are well assured of is, that he was in a short time
elected Pope, by the council of Basil, which dignity he was obliged to
relinquish nine years after, having first made very honourable conditions
for himself. After this, he spent the remainder of his life with the
reputation of great sanctity at Ripaille.
Had he been allowed to chuse any part of Europe for his retreat, he could
not have found one more agreeable than this which his own dominions
furnished.
The fathers with great politeness showed us their forest, their gardens,
their apartments, and a very elegant new chapel, which is just finished.
They then conducted us into the chamber where their Sovereign had lived
and died. They talked much of his genius, his benevolence, and his
sanctity. We heard them with every mark of acquiescence, and returned
to our inn, where tho’ _we_ certainly did not _faire Ripaille_, I’m
convinced the fleas did: As Shakespeare’s carrier says, there was never
a King in Christendom better bit than we were, through the whole night.
We paid for our entertainment, such as it was, a very extravagant bill
in the morning, and without grudging; for we considered, that we were to
leave our host and his family amongst a swarm of blood-suckers, still
more intolerable than fleas.
We arrived the same forenoon at Geneva, having finished a tour in which
a greater variety of sublime and interesting objects offer themselves to
the contemplation of the traveller, than can be found in any other part
of the globe of the same extent.