Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru (UPP), Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR;
American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Agustin MANTILLA
Campos; Independent Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega;
Democratic Coordinator (CODE) - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero and
Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party (AP), Juan DIAZ Leon; Popular
Christian Party (PPC), Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovation Party, Rafael REY
Rey; Civic Works Movement (OBRAS), Ricardo BELMONT; United Left (IU),
Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement (MIA), Rolando
SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and Peasants
(FRENATRACA), Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front (FREPAP),
Ezequiel ATAUCUSI
Political pressure groups and leaders: leftist guerrilla groups
include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned); Tupac Amaru
Revolutionary Movement, Nestor CERPA and Victor POLAY (imprisoned)
International organization participation: AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11,
G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol,
IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA,
RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA Mendoza
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone : [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869
FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York,
Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission : Ambassador Dennis C. JETT
embassy: Avenida Encalada, Cuadra 17, Monterrico, Lima
mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO
AA 34031
telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000
FAX: [51] (1) 434-3037
Flag description: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side),
white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the
source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins,
all framed by a green wreath
Economy
Economy - overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly
market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the
mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. In the 1980s,
the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output,
and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank
support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An
austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government
took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly
contraction of economic activity, but the slide came to a halt late
that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a burst of inflation as
the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly
price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991
dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a
financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991,
although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By
working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and
arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March
1993. In 1992, GDP fell by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual
El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch, but the
economy rebounded as strong foreign investment helped push growth to
7% in 1993, about 13% in 1994, and 6.8% in 1995. Growth slowed to
about 2.8% in 1996 as the government adopted tight fiscal and monetary
policy to reduce the current account deficit and meet its IMF targets.
Capital inflows surged to record levels in early 1997 despite the MRTA
hostage crisis.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $92 billion (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2.8% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,800 (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 13%
industry: 42%
services: 45% (1994)
Inflation rate - consumer price index: 11.5% (1996)
Labor force:
total: 7.6 million (1996 est.)
by occupation: agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing,
construction, transport, services
Unemployment rate: 8.2%; extensive underemployment (1996)
Budget:
revenues: $8.5 billion
expenditures: $9.3 billion including capital expenditures of $NA (1996
est.)
Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing,
food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal
fabrication
Industrial production growth rate: 4.5% (1995)
Electricity - capacity: 4,520,200 kW (1995)
Electricity - production: 16.04 billion kWh (1995)
Electricity - consumption per capita: 519 kWh (1995 est.)
Agriculture - products: coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat,
potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, red meats, dairy products, wool;
fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990)
Exports:
total value : $6 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts,
lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton
partners: US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany (1995)
Imports:
total value : $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum,
iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
partners: US 21%, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil
(1995)
Debt - external: $23.4 billion (1996 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient : ODA, $363 million (1993)
Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos
Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.630 (January 1997), 2.453
(1996), 2.253 (1995), 2.195 (1994), 1.988 (1993), 1.246 (1992)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Peru:Communications
Telephones: 779,306 (1990 est.)
Telephone system: adequate for most requirements
domestic : nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic
satellite system with 12 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144
Radios: 5.7 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 140
Televisions: 2 million (1993 est.)
@Peru:Transportation
Railways:
total: 2,041 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 315 km 0.914-m gauge (1994)
Highways:
total: 71,400 km
paved: 7,783 km
unpaved : 63,617 km (1995 est.)
Waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208
km of Lago Titicaca
Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
Ports and harbors: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto
Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa,
Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches
of the Amazon and its tributaries
Merchant marine:
total : 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 63,767 GRT/91,395 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7 (1996 est.)
Airports: 212 (1996 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 128
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m : 16
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 88 (1996 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total : 84
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 21
914 to 1,523 m: 59 (1996 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del
Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza
Aerea del Peru), National Police
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49 : 6,591,276 (1997 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males: 4,446,428 (1997 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 259,868 (1997 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $998 million (1996); note - may
not include off-budget purchases related to military modernization
program
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.9% (1996)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: three sections of the boundary with Ecuador
are in dispute
Illicit drugs: still world's largest coca leaf producer with some
94,400 hectares under cultivation in 1996, even though down 18% from
1995; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine
base; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for
processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports
of finished cocaine are increasing
______________________________________________________________________
PHILIPPINES
@Philippines:Geography
Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea
and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area:
total: 300,000 sq km
land: 298,170 sq km
water: 1,830 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Arizona
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 36,289 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from
coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed
polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
Climate: tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point : Mount Apo 2,954 m
Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold,
salt, copper
Land use:
arable land : 19%
permanent crops: 12%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 46%
other: 19% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 15,800 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and
struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active
volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Environment - current issues: uncontrolled deforestation in watershed
areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing
pollution of coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding
grounds
Environment - international agreements:
party to : Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Desertification
@Philippines:People
Population: 76,103,564 (July 1997 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years : 38% (male 14,677,291; female 14,203,376)
15-64 years: 59% (male 21,994,106; female 22,553,425)
65 years and over: 3% (male 1,198,079; female 1,477,287) (July 1997
est.)
Population growth rate: 2.13% (1997 est.)
Birth rate: 28.97 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Death rate: 6.59 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth : 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population : 0.99 male(s)/female (1997 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 35.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population : 66.13 years
male: 63.35 years
female: 69.05 years (1997 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.62 children born/woman (1997 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Ethnic groups: Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%,
other 3%
Religions: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and
other 3%
Languages: Pilipino (official, based on Tagalog), English (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.6%
male : 95%
female: 94.3% (1995 est.)
@Philippines:Government
Country name:
conventional long form : Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas
Data code: RP
Government type: republic
National capital: Manila
Administrative divisions: 72 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra,
Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique,
Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*,
Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon,
Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*,
Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin,
Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*,
Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del
Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General
Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo,
Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna,
Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union,
Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*,
Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental,
Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros
Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva
Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*, Ozamis*,
Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto
Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Roxas*,
Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in
Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South
Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del
Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*,
Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*,
Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur
Independence: 4 July 1946 (from US)
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)
Constitution: 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Legal system: based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Fidel Valdes RAMOS (since 30 June 1992) and
Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1992); note -
the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Fidel Valdes RAMOS (since 30 June 1992)
and Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1992); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet : Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the
Commission of Appointments
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by
popular vote for six-year terms; election last held 11 May 1992 (next
to be held NA May 1998)
election results: Fidel Valdes RAMOS elected president; percent of
vote - Fidel Valdes RAMOS 23.6% (a narrow plurality)
Legislative branch: bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the
Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years;
members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House
of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (204 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - an
additional 50 members may be appointed by the president)
elections : Senate - last held 8 May 1995 (next to be held NA May
1998); House of Representatives - elections last held 8 May 1995 (next
to be held NA May 1998)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - LDP 14, Lakas/NUCD 5, NPC 2, LP 1, PRP 1, independent 1; House
of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
Lakas/NUCD 129, LDP 29, NPC (opposition) 25, LP 6, PDP 3, KBL/NPC 1,
results pending 11
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, justices are appointed for four-year
terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar
Council
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Filipino Struggle (Laban ng
Demokratikong Pilipino, LDP), Edgardo ANGARA; People Power-National
Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas ng EDSA-NUCD or Lakas-NUCD), Raul
MANGLAPUS, president, and Jose DE VENECIA, secretary general; Liberal
Party (LP), Raul DAZA; National People's Coalition (NPC), Eduardo
COJUANGCO; People's Reform Party (PRP), Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO; New
Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong Lipunan, KBL), Imelda MARCOS;
Nacionalista Party (NP), Salvador H. LAUREL, president; Filipino
Democratic Party (Partido Demokratikong Philipinas or PDP), Jose
COJUANGCO, is part of the ruling coalition with the LDP
International organization participation: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP,
ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU,
UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Raul Chaves RABE
chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300
FAX: [1] (202) 328-7614
consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles,
New York, San Francisco, and Seattle
consulate(s): San Jose (Saipan)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission : Ambassador Thomas C. HUBBARD
embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita Manila 1000
mailing address: APO AP 96440
telephone: [63] (2) 521-71-16
FAX: [63] (2) 522-43-61
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red
with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the
center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each
containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle
is a small yellow five-pointed star
Economy
Economy - overview: The Philippine economy, primarily a mixture of
agriculture and light industry, continued its fourth year of recovery
in 1996, led by growth in exports and investments. Officials have
targeted 7.1%-7.8% growth for 1997 after achieving an estimated 5.5%
growth in 1996. The government is continuing its economic reforms to
enable the Philippines to move closer to the development of the newly
industrialized countries of East Asia. The strategy includes improving
infrastructure, overhauling the tax system to bolster government
revenues, and moving toward further deregulation and privatization of
the economy.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $194.2 billion (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.5% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,600 (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 22%
industry: 32%
services: 46% (1996 est.)
Inflation rate - consumer price index: 8.4% (1996)
Labor force:
total: 29.13 million (1996 est.)
by occupation : agriculture 43.4%, services 22.6%, government services
17.9%, industry and commerce 16.1% (1995)
Unemployment rate: 8.6% (1996)
Budget:
revenues: $18.4 billion
expenditures : $16.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1996 est.)
Industries: textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food
processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 6.3% (1996)
Electricity - capacity: 7.64 million kW (1994)
Electricity - production: 25.22 billion kWh (1994)
Electricity - consumption per capita: 326 kWh (1995 est.)
Agriculture - products: rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas,
pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish catch of 2 million metric
tons annually
Exports:
total value : $20.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: electronics, textiles, coconut products,
telecommunications equipment, fruit, fish
partners: US 36%, Japan 16%, Singapore 5%, Hong Kong 5%, UK 5% (1995)
Imports:
total value : $33.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: crude petroleum, telecommunications equipment,
electronics, plastics, cars, textiles
partners: Japan 22%, US 18%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Taiwan 5%, South Korea
5% Singapore 4% (1995)
Debt - external: $42.7 billion (June 1996)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $934 million (1993)
Currency: 1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 26.36 (May 1997),
26.216 (1996), 25.714 (1995), 26.417 (1994), 27.120 (1993), 25.512
(1992)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Philippines:Communications
Telephones: 1.8 million (1996)
Telephone system: good international radiotelephone and submarine
cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate
domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations
international: submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan,
and Japan; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2
Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 261, FM 55, shortwave 0
Radios: 9.03 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 29
Televisions: 7.6 million (1996)
@Philippines:Transportation
Railways:
total : 499 km
narrow gauge: 499 km 1.067-m gauge (1993)
Highways:
total: 182,000 km (1994 est.)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
note : probably less than 30,000 km are designated arterial roads and
not all of these are all-weather roads
Waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m)
vessels
Pipelines: petroleum products 357 km
Ports and harbors: Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras
Island, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa,
San Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga
Merchant marine:
total: 523 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,614,831 GRT/12,246,321
DWT
ships by type : bulk 223, cargo 124, chemical tanker 3, combination
bulk 9, container 8, liquefied gas tanker 9, livestock carrier 11, oil
tanker 45, passenger 3, passenger-cargo 13, refrigerated cargo 18,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 23, vehicle carrier 20
note: a flag of convenience registry; Japan owns 24 ships, Hong Kong
4, UK 2, Denmark 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, Singapore 1, and Taiwan 1
(1996 est.)
Airports: 234 (1996 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 168
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m : 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 30
under 914 m: 103 (1996 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total : 66
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 63 (1996 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps),
Air Force
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 19,231,427 (1997 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males: 13,574,133 (1997 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 782,064 (1997 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.3 billion (1996)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.7% (1996)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: involved in a complex dispute over the
Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly
Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah
Illicit drugs: exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point for
heroin and crystal methamphetamines
______________________________________________________________________
PITCAIRN ISLANDS
(dependent territory of the UK)
@Pitcairn Islands:Geography
Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half
of the way from Peru to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates: 25 04 S, 130 06 W
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total: 47 sq km
land: 47 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 51 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone : 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate: tropical, hot, humid, modified by southeast trade winds;
rainy season (November to March)
Terrain: rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pawala Valley Ridge 347 m
Natural resources: miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
Land use:
arable land : NA%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: NA%