QUESTION 63

THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN

(In Nine Articles)

In the next place we must consider how angels became evil: first of

all with regard to the evil of fault; and secondly, as to the evil

of punishment. Under the first heading there are nine points for

consideration:

(1) Can there be evil of fault in the angels?

(2) What kind of sins can be in them?

(3) What did the angel seek in sinning?

(4) Supposing that some became evil by a sin of their own choosing,

are any of them naturally evil?

(5) Supposing that it is not so, could any one of them become evil

in the first instant of his creation by an act of his own will?

(6) Supposing that he did not, was there any interval between his

creation and fall?

(7) Was the highest of them who fell, absolutely the highest among

the angels?

(8) Was the sin of the foremost angel the cause of the others

sinning?

(9) Did as many sin as remained steadfast?

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Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition · 第 403 / 722 题