*Hibernia (two batts.); †Oviedo; ‡Castropol; ‡Grado;
‡Cangas de Onis; ‡Cangas de Tineo; ‡Lena; ‡Luarca;
‡Salas; ‡Villaviciosa 233 7,400
Reserve Brigade, General MAHY:
*Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); *United Grenadiers
(one batt.); †Militia Grenadiers (two batts.);
‡_Batallon del General_ (one batt.) 90 2,935
Detached Troops on the line of communications--Reynosa,
Burgos, Astorga:
*Saragossa (one batt.); *Buenos Ayres (one batt.);
*Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); †Santiago; †Tuy;
†Salamanca; ‡_Batallon del General_ (one batt.); and seven
detached companies of various corps 181 5,577
Detached troops left with the Artillery Reserve:
†Betanzos; †Monterrey 40 900
Artillery Reserve (thirty-eight guns) 33 1,000
----- ------
Total 1,288 42,690
N.B.--The four cavalry regiments from Denmark, Rey, Infante,
Villaviciosa, and Almanza did not join Blake, being without horses, but
marched on foot to Estremadura to get mounted. They had 147 officers
and 2,252 men.
2. THE ARMY OF ARAGON.
General Joseph PALAFOX.
1st Division, General O’NEILLE:
*Spanish Guards (one batt.), 609; *Estremadura (one batt.), 600;
*1st Volunteers of Aragon (one batt.), 1,141; ‡1st Light
Infantry of Saragossa, 614; ‡4th Tercio of Aragon, 1,144; ‡2nd
of Valencia, 869; ‡1st Volunteers of Murcia, 1,029; ‡2nd ditto,
968; ‡Huesca, 1,219; ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII (Aragonese),
386; ‡Suizos de Aragon, 825; ‡Escopeteros de Navarra,
227; *Dragoons ‘del Rey,’ 169; artillery, 79; sappers, 47.
Total 9,926
[From a return of Nov. 1, 1808, in the English Record Office.]
2nd Division, General SAINT MARCH:
*Volunteers of Castile (three batts.); †Soria; ‡Turia (three
batts.); ‡Volunteers of Borbon (one batt.); ‡Alicante (three
batts.); ‡Chelva (one batt.); ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII
(Valencian) (one batt.); ‡Segorbe (one batt.); *Dragoons of
Numancia (620 sabres); one company of sappers.
Total 9,060
[This total is from Vaughan’s diary. He was present when Palafox
reviewed the division on Nov. 1, and took down the figures.]
3rd Division, General Conde de LAZAN [detached to Catalonia,
Nov. 10]:
‡1st Volunteers of Saragossa, 638; ‡3rd Volunteers of Aragon,
593; ‡Fernando VII de Aragon, 648; ‡Daroca, 503; ‡La
Reunion, 1,286; ‡Reserva del General, 934; artillery, 64;
one troop of cavalry (Cazadores de Fernando VII), 22.
Total 4,688
[The figures are from a table in Arteche, iii. 469.]
Reserve at Saragossa:
There was a mass of troops in the Aragonese capital which had
not yet been brigaded, and in part had not even been armed
or clothed in October. They included the following regiments
_at least_: 2nd Volunteers of Aragon; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th
Tercios of Aragon; 2nd Light Battalion of Saragossa; and the
battalions of Calatayud, Doyle, Barbastro, Jaca, Tauste,
Teruel, and Torrero; besides (in all probability) some eight
or ten other corps which are found existing in December, when
the second siege began, though they cannot be proved to have
existed in October. In that month, however, there must have
been at least 10,000 armed men in the Aragonese reserve,
perhaps as many as 15,000.
Total of the Army of Aragon, _at least_ 33,674 men, of which only 789
were cavalry.
3. ARMY OF ESTREMADURA.
General GALLUZZO [afterwards the Conde de BELVEDERE].
_Men._
1st Division, Conde de BELVEDERE: [afterwards General DE ALOS]
*Spanish Guards (4th batt.); *Majorca (two batts.); *2nd Light
Infantry of Catalonia (one batt.); †Provincial Grenadiers (one
batt.); one company of tirailleurs 4,160
Cavalry, *4th Hussars (‘Volunteers of Spain’) 360
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 408
2nd Division, General HENESTROSA:
*Walloon Guards (4th batt.); ‡Badajoz (two batts.); ‡Valencia
de Alcantara; ‡Zafra 3,300
Cavalry, 5th Hussars (Maria Luisa) 298
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 440
3rd Division, General TRIAS:
†Badajoz; ‡Truxillo (one batt.); ‡Merida; ‡La Serena 3,580
Cavalry, 2nd Hussars (Lusitania) 300
Total of the Army, 12,846, of which 958 were cavalry.
[N.B.--From the _Madrid Gazette_ of Oct. 21, 1808, compared with the
table in Arteche, iii. 496.]
4. ARMY OF THE CENTRE.
General CASTAÑOS.
_Men._
1st Division, Conde de VILLARIEZO:
*Walloon Guards (two batts.); *Reina (three batts.); *Corona
(two batts.); *Jaen (three batts.); *Irlanda (three batts.);
*Barbastro (one batt.); †Jaen (about) 8,500
Out of these fifteen battalions nine were detached to the rear in
or about Madrid, and were not present on the Ebro.
2nd Division, General GRIMAREST:
*Ceuta (two batts.); Ordenes Militares (three batts.); †Truxillo;
†Bujalance; †Cuenca; †Ciudad Real; ‡Tiradores de España;
‡Volunteers of Catalonia; ‡Tiradores de Cadiz; ‡Carmona (about) 6,000
3rd Division, General RENGEL:
*Cordova (two batts.); *Volunteers of Valencia (one batt.);
*Campo Mayor (one batt.); †Toledo; †Burgos; †Alcazar;
†Plasencia; †Guadix; †Seville no. 1; †Lorca; †Toro. (about) 6,500
Out of these thirteen battalions four were detached to the rear,
and were not present on the Ebro.
4th Division, General LA PEÑA:
*Africa (two batts.); *Burgos (two batts.); *Saragossa (one batt.);
*Murcia (two batts.); †Provincial Grenadiers of Andalusia
(two batts.); †Siguenza; ‡Navas de Tolosa; ‡Baylen; ‡5th
Battalion of Seville (about) 7,500
5th [Murcian-Valencian] Division, General ROCA [_vice_ General LLAMAS]:
*Savoya (two batts.); *Valencia (three batts.); *America (three
batts.); †Murcia; †Avila; ‡Liria; ‡Cazadores de Valencia
(three batts.); ‡Orihuela (two batts.); Tiradores of Xativa and
Cartagena (two companies); ‡Peñas de San Pedro (about) 8,000
[One regiment was left at Aranjuez as guard to the Junta, with
General Llamas in command.]
‘Army of Castile,’ General PIGNATELLI [after Oct. 30, General CARTAOJAL]:
*Cantabria (two batts.); †Leon Militia; ‡Grenadiers ‘del General’;
‡Cazadores de Cuenca; ‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Volunteers of Leon;
‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Tercios of Castile; ‡Tiradores de Castilla;
‡Volunteers of Benavente; ‡Volunteers of Zamora; ‡Volunteers
of Ledesma Total (about) 11,000
The first-named four corps were made into a detached brigade
under Cartaojal on Oct. 30: the others (except ‡Benavente
in garrison at Burgos) were dispersed among the Andalusian
divisions for misbehaviour at Logroño on Oct. 26.
Cavalry: *Farnesio; *Montesa; *Reina; *Olivenza; *Borbon;
*España; *Calatrava; *Santiago; *Sagunto; *Principe;
*Pavia; *Alcantara. Very few of these regiments had more
than three squadrons at the front, some only one. The total
was not more than 3,500 sabres, even including one or two
newly raised free-corps, of insignificant strength
(about) 3,500
Total of the Army of the Centre, about 51,000 men, of whom only about
42,000 were on the Ebro: the remaining 9,000 were in or about Madrid,
and were incorporated in San Juan’s ‘Army of Reserve.’
5. ARMY OF CATALONIA.
[Morning state of Nov. 5, 1808.]
General VIVES.
_Men._
Vanguard Division, Brigadier-General ALVAREZ:
*Ultonia, 300; *Borbon (one batt.), 500; *2nd of Barcelona,
1,000; *1st Swiss (Wimpfen) (one batt.), 400; ‡1st Tercio of
Gerona, 900; ‡2nd ditto, 400; ‡Tercio of Igualada, 400; ‡ditto
of Cervera, 400; ‡1st ditto of Tarragona, 800; ‡ditto of
Figueras, 400 5,500
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of San Narciso 100
1st Division, General Conde de CALDAGUES:
*2nd Walloon Guards (one batt.), 314; *Soria (two batts.), 780;
*Borbon (detachment), 151; *2nd of Savoia (two batts.), 1,734;
*2nd Swiss (detachment), 270; ‡Tercio of Tortosa, 984;
‡Igualada and Cervera (detachments), 245; *sappers, 50 4,528
Cavalry: *Husares Españoles (two squadrons), 220; ‡Cazadores
de Cataluña, 180 400
Artillery, one battery (six guns) 70
2nd Division, General LAGUNA:
†Provincial Grenadiers of Old Castile (two batts.), 972; †ditto of
New Castile (two batts.), 924; ‡Volunteers of Saragossa, 150;
sappers, 30 2,076
Cavalry, *Husares Españoles 200
Artillery, one battery (seven guns) 84
3rd Division, General LA SERNA:
*Granada (two batts.), 961; ‡2nd Tercio of Tarragona, 922;
‡‘Division of Arzu,’ 325; ‡Compañias Sueltas, 250 2,458
4th Division, General MILANS:
‡1st Tercio of Lerida, 872; ‡ditto of Vich, 976; ‡ditto of Manresa,
937; ‡ditto of Vallés, 925 3,710
Reserve:
*Spanish Guards, 60; *Grenadiers of Soria, 188; *ditto of
Wimpfen, 169; General’s bodyguard, 340; sappers, 20 777
Cavalry, *Husares Españoles 80
Artillery (four guns) 50
Total of the Army, 20,033, of which 780 are cavalry.
These five armies formed the front line. Their total strength was
151,243, if the 9,000 men left behind at Madrid are deducted.
TROOPS IN THE SECOND LINE.
1. ARMY OF GRANADA [MARCHING TOWARDS CATALONIA].
General REDING.
_Men._
1st Division:
*2nd Swiss (Reding), 1,000; ‡1st Regiment of Granada [alias
Iliberia] (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Baza (two batts.), 2,400;
‡Almeria, (two batts.), 2,400 8,200
2nd Division:
‡Santa Fé (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Antequera (one batt.), 1,200;
‡Loxa (two batts.), 2,400 6,000
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of Granada 670
Artillery (six guns) 130
------
Total of the Army 15,000
N.B.--This return is from a dispatch from Granada in the _Madrid
Gazette_ of Oct. 28, corroborated by another of Nov. 5, announcing the
arrival of the force at Murcia.
2. GALICIAN RESERVES.
_Officers._
_Men._
Detached Troops in garrison in Galicia:
*Majorca (one batt.); *Leon (one batt.); *Aragon (one
batt.) 77 2,010
Detached troops on the Portuguese frontier:
*Leon (one batt.); †Orense; and four detached companies 48 1,600
--- -----
125 3,610
3. ASTURIAN RESERVES.
[N.B.--This force is exclusive of the troops under Acevedo in the Army
of Blake. The numbers are from a morning state of December.]
_Men._
‡Covadonga,360; ‡Don Carlos, 335; ‡Ferdinand VII, 316; ‡Gihon,
586; ‡Infiesto, 489; ‡Llanes, 420; ‡Luanco, 400; ‡Navia, 528;
‡Pravia, 581; ‡Riva de Sella, 685; ‡Siero, 585. Total 5,285
4. ARMY OF RESERVE OF MADRID.
N.B.--This force, which fought at the Somosierra, consisted of parts of
the Armies of Andalusia and Estremadura; its numbers have already been
counted among the troops of those armies.
General SAN JUAN.
_Men._
From the 1st Division of Andalusia:
*Walloon Guards (one batt.), 500; *Reina (two batts.), 927;
*Jaen (two batts.), 1,300; *Irlanda (two batts.), 1,186; *Corona
(two batts.), 1,039 4,952
From the 3rd Division of Andalusia:
*Cordova (two batts.), 1,300; †Toledo, 500; †Alcazar, 500;
‡3rd of Seville, 400 2,700
From the Army of Estremadura:
‡Badajoz (remains of two batts.) 566
Castilian Levies:
‡1st Volunteers of Madrid (two batts.), 1,500; ‡2nd
ditto, 1,500 3,000
Cavalry: *Principe, 200; *Alcantara, 100; *Montesa, 100;
‡Volunteers of Madrid, 200 600
Artillery (twenty-two guns) 300
------
Total 12,118
N.B.--Of this force the following battalions fled to Madrid, and
afterwards joined the Army of the Centre:--1st Volunteers of Madrid,
Corona, half 3rd of Seville, Reina, Alcazar. The following fled to
Segovia, and joined the Army of Estremadura:--Jaen, Irlanda, Toledo,
Badajoz, 2nd Volunteers of Madrid, Walloon Guards, and half 3rd of
Seville.
5. ESTREMADURAN RESERVES.
[Left in garrison at Badajoz, when the three divisions of Galluzzo
marched to Madrid.]
_Men._
‡Leales de Fernando VII (three batts.), 2,256; ‡Plasencia (one
batt.), 1,200; ‡Badajoz (one batt.), 752 4,208
Cavalry: ‡Cazadores of Llerena, 200? Cazadores of Toledo, 200? 400
------
Total 4,608
[For these forces compare _Madrid Gazette_ of Oct. 21, giving
organization of the Army of Estremadura, with the list of troops which
marched forward to Burgos in first section of this Appendix. The above
regiments remained behind, and are found in existence in Cuesta’s army
next spring. See Appendix to vol. ii giving his forces.]
6. BALEARIC ISLES.
There apparently remained in garrison in the Balearic Isles, in
November, the following troops:--
_Men._
*4th Swiss (Beschard) (two batts.), 2,121; *Granada (one
batt.), 222; *Soria (one batt.), 413; †Majorca, 604 Total 3,360
7. MURCIAN AND VALENCIAN RESERVES.
[Mostly on the march to Saragossa in November, 1808. The figures mainly
from a return of Jan. 1 are too low for the November strength.]
_Men._
*5th Swiss (Traxler), 1,757; ‡1st Tiradores de Murcia, 813; ‡2nd
ditto, 124; ‡3rd Volunteers of Murcia, 1,151; ‡5th ditto, 1,077;
‡Florida-Blanca, 352; ‡3rd of Valencia (figures wanting;? 500)
Total 5,774
8. ANDALUSIAN RESERVES.
_Men._
*España (three batts.), 1,039; †Jerez, 574; †Malaga, 401;
†Ronda, 574; †Ecija, 589 Total 3,177
‡2nd of Seville, 500; ‡4th ditto, 433; ‡Cazadores of Malaga (one
batt.), 1,200; ‡Velez Malaga (three batts.), 2,400; ‡2nd of
Antequera (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Osuna (two batts.), 1,061 Total 6,794
In addition, the following regular regiments had each, as it would
seem, left the _cadre_ of one battalion behind in Andalusia to recruit,
before marching to the Ebro to join Castaños:--Africa, Burgos,
Cantabria, Ceuta, Corona, Cordova, Murcia. What the total of their
numbers may have been in November and December, it is impossible to
say--perhaps 400 each may be allowed, giving a total of 2,800. Of
cavalry regiments there must have been in existence in Andalusia the
nucleus of the following new regiments:--‡Tejas; ‡Montañas de Cordova;
‡Granada. Their force was trifling--a single squadron, or at most two.
If we give them 600 men in all, we shall probably be not far wrong.
Several regular cavalry regiments had left the _cadre_ of one or two
squadrons behind.
The existence of all these regiments in November--December can be
proved. The 2nd and 4th of Seville reached Madrid in time to join in
its defence against Napoleon, and then fled to join the Army of the
Centre. The figures given are their January strengths, when they had
already suffered severely. The Malaga regiment’s figure is from _Madrid
Gazette_ of Nov. 29, recording its march out to Granada. The militia
battalions Jerez, Malaga, Ronda, Ecija were all in existence in June,
they did not march to the Ebro, and are found in the Army of the Centre
in the spring of 1809. España was apparently in garrison at Ceuta,
and only brought up to the front early in 1809. Velez Malaga, 2nd of
Antequera, and Osuna are first heard of under Del Palacio in January,
1809. They must have been raised by December at the latest.
The total of the Andalusian reserves accounted for in this table is
13,371, but no such number could have been sent forward in December, as
many of the battalions were not properly armed, much less uniformed.
But some of the volunteers, all the militia, and the regular regiment
España--perhaps 6,000 or 7,000 in all--should have been at Madrid by
Dec. 1. Only 1,000 bayonets actually reached it before Napoleon’s
arrival.
It would seem then that the second line of the Spanish Army consisted
of something like the following numbers:--
_Men._
Army of Reserve of Madrid 12,118
Reding’s Granadan Divisions 15,000
Galician Reserves 3,610
Asturian Reserves 5,285
Estremaduran Reserves 4,608
Balearic Isles Reserves 3,360
Murcian and Valencian Reserves 5,774
Andalusian Reserves 13,371
Cavalry from Denmark, in march for Estremadura 2,252
------
Total 65,378
Some of the battalions (e.g. the Valencians and Murcians who went to
Saragossa) must have been much stronger in December; on the other hand,
others (e.g. the Estremadurans) are probably over-estimated: they
showed no such figures as those given above, when they took the field
early in 1809.
N.B.--In several armies, notably in those of Aragon and the Centre,
there are doubtful points. It is impossible to speak with certainty of
the number of battalions which some corps took to the front. It will be
noted that all the numbers given are much larger than those attributed
by Napier (i. 504) to the Spanish armies. I have worked from detailed
official figures, the greater part of which seem perfectly trustworthy.
XII
THE FRENCH ARMY OF SPAIN
IN NOVEMBER, 1808.
N.B.--The distribution of the regiments is that of November. The
detailed strength of the corps, however, comes from an October return,
and there had been several changes at the end of that month.
1ST CORPS. Marshal VICTOR, Duke of Belluno.
1st Division (Ruffin):
9th Léger, three batts.
24th of the Line, three batts.
96th ” four batts.
2nd Division (Lapisse):
16th Léger, three batts.
8th of the Line, three batts.
45th ” three batts.
54th ” three batts.
3rd Division (Villatte):
27th Léger, three batts.
63rd of the Line, three batts.
94th ” three batts.
95th ” three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Beaumont):
2nd Hussars.
26th Chasseurs.
The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,937 men, of whom 2,201
were detached, and 2,939 in hospital. The 4th Hussars, originally
belonging to this corps, was transferred to the 3rd Corps by November.
2ND CORPS. Marshal BESSIÈRES: after Nov. 9, Marshal SOULT.
1st Division (Mouton, afterwards Merle):
2nd Léger, three batts.
4th ” three batts.
15th of the Line, three batts.
36th ” three batts.
[Garde de Paris, one batt.]
2nd Division (Merle, afterwards Mermet):
31st Léger, three batts.
47th of the Line, two batts.
70th ” one batt.
86th ” one batt.
1st Supply. Regt. }
of the Legions } = 122nd of the
of Reserve } Line, four batts.
2nd ditto }
2nd Swiss Regiment, one batt.
3rd ” ” one batt.
3rd Division (Bonnet):
13th Prov. Regt. } = 119th of the
14th ” } Line, four batts.
17th ” } = 120th of the
18th ” } Line, four batts.
Corps Cavalry (Division Lasalle):
9th Dragoons (transferred from Milhaud).
10th Chasseurs.
22nd ”
Lasalle, with the 9th Dragoons and 10th Chasseurs, was detached after
Gamonal (Nov. 10) and replaced by Franceschi’s division. The corps
received in January a reinforcement of twenty-two battalions from the
dissolved 8th Corps, which formed two new divisions under Delaborde and
Heudelet.
The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,054 men, of whom 7,394
were detached and 5,536 in hospital.
3RD CORPS. Marshal MONCEY, Duke of Conegliano.
1st Division (Maurice Mathieu, afterwards Grandjean):
14th of the Line, four batts.
44th ” three batts.
70th ” one batt.
2nd of the Vistula, two batts.
3rd ” two batts.
2nd Division (Musnier):
1st Prov. Regt. } = 114th of the
2nd ” } Line, four batts.
3rd ” } = 115th of the
4th ” } Line, four batts.
[One Westphalian batt.]
3rd Division (Morlot):
5th Prov. Regt. { = 116th of the
{ Line, two batts.
9th ” } = 117th of the
10th ” } Line, four batts.
[One Prussian batt.]
[One Irish batt.]
4th Division (Grandjean):
5th Léger, three batts.
2nd Legion of Reserve, four batts.
1st of the Vistula, two batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Wathier):
1st Provisional Cuirassiers (= 13th Cuirassiers).
1st Provisional Hussars.
2nd Provisional Light Cavalry (Hussars and Chasseurs).
Grandjean’s division (No. 4) was afterwards absorbed in Morlot’s
[December], with the exception of the 1st of the Vistula, sent to join
Musnier. The cavalry was afterwards strengthened by the 4th Hussars
from the 1st Corps. The 121st of the Line (four batts.) arrived in
December, and joined Morlot. The battalions in square brackets were
left behind in the garrisons of Biscay and Navarre.
The gross total of the corps on Oct. 10 was 37,690 men, of whom 11,082
were detached in garrisons, &c. and 7,522 in hospital.
4TH CORPS. Marshal LEFEBVRE, Duke of Dantzig.
1st Division (Sebastiani):
28th of the Line, three batts.
32nd ” three batts.
58th ” three batts.
75th ” three batts.
2nd Division (Leval):
Nassau Contingent, two batts.
Baden ” two batts.
Hesse-Darmstadt ” two batts.
Frankfort ” one batt.
Dutch ” two batts.
3rd Division (Valence):
4th of the Vistula, two batts.
7th ” two batts.
9th ” two batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Maupetit):
5th Dragoons.
3rd Dutch Hussars.
Westphalian _Chevaux-Légers_.
The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 22,895 men, of whom 955
were detached and 2,170 in hospital.
5TH CORPS. Marshal MORTIER, Duke of Treviso.
1st Division (Suchet):
17th Léger, three batts.
34th of the Line, four batts.
40th ” three batts.
64th ” three batts.
88th ” three batts.
2nd Division (Gazan):
21st Léger, three batts.
28th ” three batts.
100th of the Line, three batts.
103rd ” three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Delaage):
10th Hussars.
21st Chasseurs.
The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 24,552 men, of whom 188
were detached and 1,971 in hospital.
6TH CORPS. Marshal NEY, Duke of Elchingen.
1st Division (Marchand):
6th of the Line, three batts.
39th ” three batts.
69th ” three batts.
76th ” three batts.
2nd Division (Lagrange, afterwards Maurice Mathieu):
25th Léger, four batts.
27th of the Line, three batts.
50th ” four batts.
59th ” three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Colbert):
3rd Hussars.
15th Chasseurs.
The gross total on Oct. 10 was 38,033 men, of whom 3,381 were detached
and 5,051 in hospital. This total, however, includes a division under
Mermet, whose battalions were transferred to the 2nd and 3rd Corps,
when the campaign began in November. The 6th Corps, including its
cavalry and artillery, had probably not more than 20,000 net when it
took the field in its final form.
7TH CORPS. General GOUVION ST. CYR.
1st Division (Chabran):
2nd of the Line, one batt.
7th ” two batts.
10th ” one batt.
37th ” one batt.
56th ” one batt.
93rd ” one batt.
2nd Swiss, one batt.
2nd Division (General Lecchi):
2nd Italian Line Regt., one batt.
4th ” ” one batt.
5th ” ” one batt.
Italian Chasseurs (_Velites_), one batt.
1st Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.
3rd Division (Reille):
32nd Léger, one batt.
16th of the Line, one batt.
56th ” one batt.
113th ” two batts.
Prov. Regt. of Perpignan, four batts.
5th Legion of Reserve, one batt.
_Chasseurs des Montagnes_, one batt.
Battalion of the Valais, one batt.
4th Division (Souham):
1st Léger, three batts.
3rd ” one batt.
7th of the Line, two batts.
42nd ” three batts.
67th ” one batt.
5th Division (Pino):
1st Italian Light Regt., three batts.
2nd ” ” three batts.
4th Italian Line Regt., two batts.
5th ” ” one batt.
6th ” ” three batts.
7th ” ” one batt.
6th Division (Chabot):
2nd Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.
Chasseurs of the Pyrénées Orientales, one batt.
Corps Cavalry:
Brigade Bessières:
3rd Provisional Cuirassiers.
3rd ” Chasseurs.
Brigade Schwartz:
Italian Chasseurs of the Prince Royal.
2nd Neapolitan Chasseurs.
Brigade Fontane:
Italian Royal Chasseurs.
7th Italian Dragoons.
Unattached Regiment:
24th Dragoons.
The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 42,382 men, of whom 1,302
were detached and 4,948 in hospital. But this does not include several
regiments which did not join St. Cyr from Italy till long after the
date of the return. In January, 1809, he had 41,386 men present with
the colours, and 6,589 in hospital, besides 543 prisoners. There had
also been considerable losses in the fighting. Probably the corps in
November--December was well over 50,000 strong.
8TH CORPS. General JUNOT, Duke of Abrantes.
Dissolved in December, 1808. The troops were drafted as follows:--
1st Division (Delaborde):
15th of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
47th ” two batts. ” Mermet’s ”
70th ” three batts., received one more batt. from Mermet’s Div.
86th ” two batts. ” ” ”
4th Swiss, one batt.
This division, therefore, in January, 1809, consisted of four
battalions 70th, three battalions 86th, and one battalion 4th Swiss.
It was sent to join Soult, and strengthened by three battalions of the
17th Léger, thus having eleven battalions at Corunna.
2nd Division (Loison):
2nd Léger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
4th ” one batt. ” ” ” ”
12th ” one batt. ” ” Dessolles’ Div.
15th ” one batt.
32nd of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Sebastiani’s Div., 4th Corps.
58th ” one batt. ” ” ” ”
2nd Swiss, one batt., drafted to join the batt. in Mermet’s Div., 2nd Corps.
The remaining battalion of this division, that of the 15th Léger, was
drafted to join Heudelet’s Division, and became part of the 2nd Corps.
3rd Division (Heudelet):
31st Léger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Mermet’s Div. of 2nd Corps.
32nd ” one batt.
26th of the Line, two batts.
66th ” two batts.
82nd ” one batt.
_Légion du Midi_, one batt.
Hanoverian Legion, one batt.
N.B.--The last-named eight battalions, afterwards joined by one from
Loison’s Division, were formed into the 4th Division of the 2nd Corps.
The whole corps cavalry of the 8th Corps was composed of provisional
regiments, which were dissolved, and sent to join their units.
The 8th Corps on Oct. 10 had a gross total of 25,730 men, of whom 2,137
were detached, and 3,523 in hospital.
RESERVE.
(1) Independent Reserve Division (General DESSOLLES):
12th Léger, three batts.
43rd of the Line, three batts.
51st ” three batts.
55th ” three batts.
(2) Guards of the King of Spain (General SALIGNY):
Four battalions of Infantry.
One regiment of Cavalry.
(Two regiments, mainly Spanish deserters, were added in January.)
The total is confused in the return of Oct. 10 with that of the
Imperial Guard, and includes also some regiments left in garrison in
the north, e.g. the 118th of the Line; including these the Reserve
amounted to 13,000 men.
RESERVE OF CAVALRY.
Division of Dragoons, LATOUR-MAUBOURG:
Brigades Oldenbourg, Perreimond, Digeon.
1st, 2nd, 4th, 14th, 20th, and 26th Dragoons.
The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 3,695 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, MILHAUD:
The 12th, 16th, and 21st Dragoons.
(The 5th and 9th Dragoons, originally belonging to this division, were
transferred to Lefebvre and Lasalle respectively.)
The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 2,940 sabres, probably
including one of the transferred regiments.
Division of Dragoons, LAHOUSSAYE:
Brigades D’Avenay and Marisy. (On D’Avenay being transferred to an
independent provisional brigade, Caulaincourt replaces him.)
17th, 18th, 19th, and 27th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,020 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, LORGES:
Brigades Vialannes and Fournier.
13th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 3,101 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, MILLET (KELLERMANN after Jan. 1809):
3rd, 6th, 10th, and 11th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,903 sabres.
Division of Light Cavalry, FRANCESCHI:
Brigades Debelle and Girardin (?).
8th Dragoons.
22nd _Chasseurs à Cheval_.
‘Supplementary Regiment’ of _Chasseurs à Cheval_.
Hanoverian _Chevaux-Légers_.
The Provisional Chasseurs were dissolved in Jan. 1809, and replaced by
the 1st Hussars. The 22nd belonged to the original corps-cavalry of
Soult.
The numbers of this division (which had not yet been put together
on October 10) seem unobtainable, save that the 1st Hussars was 712
strong. Probably Franceschi’s total would be about 2,400 sabres.
IMPERIAL GUARD.
Infantry:
Two regiments of Grenadiers (four batts.), two regiments of Chasseurs
(four batts.), two regiments of Fusiliers (six batts.).
Cavalry:
One regiment each of _Chasseurs à Cheval_, Grenadiers, Dragoons,
_Gendarmes d’élite_, Polish Light Horse, one squadron of Mamelukes. 36
guns.
The total was about 8,000 infantry and 3,500 horse, with 600 gunners.
N.B.--A few late-coming regiments, and a few units not attached to any
division, are not included in the above tables, e.g. the 118th, 121st,
and 122nd Regiments of the Line, and the 27th Chasseurs. Nor are there
included the dépôt of undistributed conscripts at Bayonne, nor the
battalions of National Guards forming movable columns inside the French
frontier. But the 19,371 artillery of the army are included in the
corps, divisions, and brigades.
GROSS TOTAL OF THE WHOLE ON OCTOBER 10.
_Total._
_Detached._
_Hospital or missing._
_Effective present._
1st Corps 33,937 2,201 2,939 28,797
2nd Corps 33,054 7,394 5,536 20,124
3rd Corps 37,690 11,082 7,522 19,086
4th Corps 22,895 955 2,170 19,770
5th Corps 24,552 188 1,971 22,393
6th Corps 38,033 3,381 5,051 29,601
7th Corps 42,382 1,302 4,948 36,132
8th Corps 25,730 2,137 3,523 20,070
Reserve Cavalry 17,059 }
Imperial Guard 12,100 } 3,533 3,945 34,801
Reserve of Infantry }
(Dessolles, Joseph’s }
Guards, &c.) 13,120 }
Troops on the march }
from Germany not } 5,200 363 4,763
distributed to the }
corps }
Columns inside the }
French frontier } 8,860 107 165 8,588
(National Guards) }
------- ------ ------ -------
314,612 32,643 37,844 244,125
Exclusive of the dépôt of conscripts at Bayonne.
XIII
SIR JOHN MOORE’S ARMY:
ITS STRENGTH AND ITS LOSSES.
N.B.--The first column gives the strength of each of Baird’s regiments
on Oct. 2, and of Moore’s regiments on Oct. 15, deducting from the
latter men left behind in Portugal. The second column gives the men
present with the colours on Dec. 19, but not those in hospital or ‘on
command’ on that day. These last amounted on Dec. 19 to 3,938 and 1,687
respectively. The third column gives the numbers disembarked in England
in January.
-----------------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
| _Total | _Effective | _Disembarked|
|strength in | strength |in England in|_Deficiency._
|Oct. 1808._ | present on | Jan. 1809._ |
| | Dec. 19, | |
| | 1808._ | |
-----------------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
Cavalry (Lord Paget).| | | |
7th Hussars | 672 | 497 | 575 | 97[751]
10th ” | 675 | 514 | 651 | 24
15th ” | 674 | 527 | 650 | 24
18th Light Dragoons | 624 | 565 | 547 | 77
3rd ” ” K.G.L. | 433 | 347 | 377 | 56
| ---- 3,078 | ---- 2,450 | ---- 2,800 | ---- 278
| | | |
1st Division (Sir | | | |
D. Baird). | | | |
Warde’s Brigade: | | | |
1st Foot Guards, | | | |
1st batt. | 1,340 | 1,300 | 1,266 | 74
” ” | | | |
2nd batt. | 1,102 | 1,027 | 1,036 | 66
| | | |
Bentinck’s Brigade: | | | |
4th Foot, 1st batt. | 889 | 754 | 740 | 149
42nd ” 1st batt. | 918 | 880 | 757 | 161
50th ” 1st batt. | 863 | 794 | 599 | 264
| | | |
Manningham’s Brigade:| | | |
1st Foot, 3rd batt. | 723 | 597 | 507 | 216
26th ” 1st batt. | 870 | 745 | 662 | 208
81st ” 2nd batt. | 719 | 615 | 478 | 241
| ---- 7,424| ---- 6,712 | ---- 6,045 | ---- 1,379
| | | |
2nd Division (Sir J. | | | |
Hope). | | | |
Leith’s Brigade: | | | |
51st Foot | 613 | 516 | 506 | 107
59th ” 2nd batt. | 640 | 557 | 497 | 143
76th ” | 784 | 654 | 614 | 170
Hill’s Brigade: | | |[Estimate][752]
2nd Foot | 666 | 616 | 461 | 205
5th ” 1st batt. | 893 | 833 | 654 | 239
14th ” 2nd batt. | 630 | 550 | 492 | 138
32nd ” 1st batt. | 806 | 756 | 619 | 187
|---- 5,032 | ---- 4,482 | ---- 3,843 | ---- 1,189
Catlin Crawfurd’s | | | |
Brigade: | | | |
36th Foot, 1st batt. | 804 | 736 | 561 | 243
71st ” 1st batt. | 764 | 724 | 626 | 138
92nd ” 1st batt. | 912 | 900 | 783 | 129
|---- 2,480 | ---- 2,360 | ---- 1,970 | ---- 510
| | | |
3rd Division | | | |
(Lt.-Gen. Fraser). | | | |
Beresford’s Brigade: | | | |
6th Foot, 1st batt. | 882 | 783 | 491 | 391
9th ” 1st batt. | 945 | 607 | 572 | 373
23rd ” 2nd batt. | 590 | 496 | 418 | 172
43rd ” 2nd batt. | 598 | 411 | 368 | 230
Fane’s Brigade: | | | |
38th Foot, 1st batt. | 900 | 823 | 757 | 143
79th ” 1st batt. | 932 | 838 | 777 | 155
82nd ” 1st batt. | 830 | 812 | 602 | 228
|---- 5,677 | ---- 4,770 | ---- 3,985 | ---- 1,692
| | | |
Reserve Division | | | |
(Maj.-Gen. E. Paget).| | | |
Anstruther’s Brigade:| | | |
20th Foot | 541 | 499 | 428 | 113
52nd ” 1st batt. | 862 | 828 | 719 | 143
95th ” 1st batt. | 863 | 820 | 706 | 157
Disney’s Brigade: | | | |
28th Foot, 1st batt. | 926 | 750 | 624 | 302
91st ” 1st batt. | 746 | 698 | 534 | 212
|---- 3,938 | ---- 3,595 | ---- 3,011 | ---- 927
| | | |
1st Flank-Brigade | | | |
(Col. R. Crawfurd).| | | |
43rd Foot, 1st batt. | 895 | 817 | 810 | 85
52nd ” 2nd batt. | 623 | 381 | 462 | 161
95th ” 2nd batt. | 744 | 702 | 648 | 96
|---- 2,262 | ---- 1,900 | ---- 1,920 | ---- 342
| | | |
2nd Flank-Brigade | | | |
(Brig.-Gen. C. Alten).| | | |
1st Lt. Batt. K.G.L. | 871 | 803 | 708 | 163[753]
2nd ” ” | 880 | 855 | 618 | 262[754]
|---- 1,751 | ---- 1,658 | ---- 1,326 | ---- 425
| | | |
Artillery, &c. | 1,455 | 1,297 | 1,200 | 255[755]
Staff Corps | 137 | 133 | 99 | 38
| ------ | ------ | ------ | ------
Total | 33,234 | 29,357 | 26,199 | 7,035
[751] Includes fifty-six men drowned on return voyage to England.
[752] The 76th Regiment failed to send in its disembarkation
return, so that its loss has to be averaged.
[753] Includes twenty-two men drowned on return voyage to England.
[754] Includes 187 men drowned on return voyage to England.
[755] Includes twenty-two drowned on return voyage to England,
and nine drowned in Corunna harbour.
It will be noted that if to the 29,357 of the second column there are
added the 3,938 sick and the 1,687 men ‘on command,’ the gross total
of the army on Dec. 19 must have been 34,982, a figure which exceeds
that at the bottom of the first column. It would seem, therefore, that
about 1,748 men in small detachments joined the army at Salamanca and
elsewhere before Dec. 19. They must represent drafts and convoy-escorts
coming up from Portugal. The apparent deficiency for the campaign
therefore is 8,783. But it must not be supposed that these 8,783 men
were all lost between Salamanca and Corunna: from them we must deduct
(1) the 296 casualties by shipwreck while returning to England; (2)
589 rank and file who escaped individually to Portugal, and were then
enrolled (along with the convalescent sick left behind by Moore’s
regiments) in the two ‘battalions of detachments’ which fought at
Talavera; (3) the number of sick discharged from Salamanca on to
Portugal in the convoys escorted by the 5/60th and 3rd Regiments. I can
nowhere find the number of these invalids stated, but it must have been
large, as the total of the sick belonging to the whole army was nearly
4,000 in December. It will be a very modest estimate if we give 1,500
for those of them who were at Salamanca, the head quarters hospital of
the army, and were capable of being moved back to Portugal.
We may therefore deduct under these three heads about 2,385 men. This
figure taken from 8,783 leaves 6,398 for the real loss in the campaign.
But even from this total 400 more must be deducted, for 400 British
convalescents were released by the Galician insurgents from French
captivity and sent back to Lisbon in the spring of 1809. [‘Further
papers relative to Spain and Portugal,’ p. 7 in _Parliamentary Papers_
for 1809.]
On the whole, then, about 5,998 men were actually lost. Napier’s
estimate of 3,233 (i. 502) for the total loss is certainly too low.
Of these 2,189 were prisoners sent to France. [Schepeler, ‘Table of
prisoners sent to France, 1809-13’ on p. 150.] The remaining 3,809
perished in battle, by the road, or in hospital.
INDEX
Acevedo, general, commands division under Blake, 408;
wounded at Espinosa, 415;
murdered by the French, 426.
Acland, brigadier-general, arrives at Peniche, 241;
at Vimiero, 249-58;
gives evidence before the Court of Inquiry, 294.
Afrancesados, party of the, in Spain, 97.
Alagon, Palafox defeated at, 145.
Alcedo, general, governor of Corunna, surrenders to Soult, 596.
Alcolea, combat of, 129.
Alexander, Emperor of Russia,
his meeting with Napoleon at Erfurt, 377.
Andalusia, province of, rises against the French, 69;
its geography, 74, 80.
Anstruther, brigadier-general, arrives in Portugal, 248;
at Vimiero, 250-61;
in command at Almeida, 494;
dies at Corunna, 595.
Antonio, Don, brother of Charles IV,
appointed head of the Junta of Regency, 48;
goes to Bayonne, 62;
at Valençay, 56.
Army, the Spanish, its character and organization, 89-95:
_see_ also Tables and Appendices v, viii, &c.
Army of Spain, the French, character of the first, 103-7;
of the second, 107-13:
_see_ also Tables and Appendices vi, &c.
Artillery, the, of the Spanish army, 94, 95;
of the French army, 112;
tactics of the, 120-2.
Asturias, Prince of the: _see_ Ferdinand.
Asturias, province of the, declares war on France, 65;
sends emissaries to England, 66;
sends troops to Blake’s army, 382, 384.
Baget, Juan, leader of Catalan _miqueletes_, 318, 322, 328.
Baird, Sir David, general, lands at Corunna, 484, 491, 498;
advances to Astorga, 500;
joins Moore at Mayorga, 532;
wounded at Corunna, 584, 589.
Barcelona, treacherously seized by Duhesme, 36;
operations round, 302, 318.
Baylen, battle of, 187-92;
Convention of, 197-9;
text of the Convention, Appendix, 621-3.
Bayonne, French troops at, 6-12, 34;
treachery of Napoleon at, 51-6.
Beauharnais, Marquis of, French ambassador at Madrid,
his negotiations with Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias, 19, 20;
refuses to acknowledge Ferdinand as King, 43, 46.
Belesta, general, joins Blake with his division, 208.
Belvedere, Conde de, defeated at Gamonal, 421-3.
Bembibre, the British at, 566.
Benavente, combat of, 549-51.
Bentinck, Lord William,
British military representative in Madrid, 365;
endeavours to get information from the Junta, 488;
his correspondence with Moore, 504;
at Corunna, 584.
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, marshal, Prince of Ponte Corvo,
in command on the Baltic, 368;
tricked by La Romana, 373.
Bessières, Jean Baptiste, marshal, Duke of Istria,
leads a _corps d’armée_ into Spain, 40;
his first operations, 125, 126;
operations in Northern Spain, 140, 142, 166-72;
victory at Medina de Rio Seco, 169-72;
represses rising in Biscay, 356;
superseded by Soult, 418;
pursues Infantado, 470.
Bessières, general, leads French cavalry in Catalonia, 309, 318.
Betanzos, the stragglers’ battle at, during Moore’s retreat, 579.
Bilbao, taken and sacked by Merlin, 356;
taken by Blake, 383;
taken by Lefebvre, 400.
Biscay, rising in, 355, 356.
Blake, Joachim, captain-general of the province of Galicia, 163;
his differences with Cuesta, 165;
defeated at Medina de Rio Seco, 168-72;
his operations in Biscay, 382, 384, 400;
defeated at Zornoza, 407;
at Valmaceda, 411;
at Espinosa, 413-6;
escapes into the Asturian hills, 427;
superseded by La Romana, 427.
Bonaparte, Joseph: _see_ Joseph Napoleon.
Bonaparte, Louis, King of Holland, refuses the crown of Spain, 46.
Bonnet, general, at Gamonal, 422;
occupies Santander, 429.
Bowes, general, B. F., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237;
at Vimiero, 249-59.
Brennier, general, at Roliça, 239;
at Vimiero, 253-9.
Burgos, taken and sacked by Napoleon, 424.
Burrard, Sir Harry,
second in command of British troops in Portugal, 226;
arrives at Maceira Bay, 250;
assumes command at Vimiero and refuses to advance, 260, 261;
joins in negotiations for the Convention of Cintra, 268;
summoned before the Court of Inquiry, 294.
Cabezon, combat of, 141.
Cacabellos, combat of, 567-9.
Caldagues, Count of, leader of Catalan levies, 327;
relieves Gerona, 328-30.
Canning, George, Foreign Secretary,
gives assistance to the Asturians, 66;
permits the embarkation of Dupont’s troops after Baylen, 202;
his speech on the Spanish insurrection, 222;
sends Robertson to La Romana, 371;
his replies to the Notes of France and Russia, 378, 379.
Caraffa, general, arrested by Junot, 208, 209;
released by Convention of Cintra, 273.
Carlos, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII,
sent to Bayonne to meet Napoleon, 47, 48;
confined at Valençay, 55.
Castaños, general, in command of Andalusian army, 127;
opposes Dupont at Andujar, 177;
receives capitulation of Dupont, 197;
marches on Madrid, 346;
commands the ‘Army of the Centre,’ 385-431;
defeated at Tudela, 441-4;
his retreat, 447-9;
superseded, 449.
Castelar, Marquis of, defends Madrid against Napoleon, 463-9.
Castlereagh, Robert, Stewart, viscount, his policy, 221, 223, 224;
his confidence in Wellesley, 225;
commends Wellesley to Dalrymple, 263;
receives Wellesley’s report on the Spanish War, 289, 290;
his correspondence with Moore, 487, 493, 506, 518, 522, 529, 548,
554, 597, 599.
Castro Gonzalo, combat of, 548.
Catalonia, province of, revolts against the French, 70;
geography of, 82, 303-6;
the struggle in, 301-33.
Cavalry, tactics of, in the Peninsular War, 117-20;
the Spanish, its weakness, 92, 93, 120;
the French, 105.
Cervellon, Conde de, captain-general of Valencia,
his incapacity, 134-9.
Cevallos, Don Pedro, minister of Foreign Affairs,
accompanies Ferdinand VII to Bayonne, 48;
his interview with Napoleon, 51, 52;
takes office under Joseph, 174;
reappointed minister by the Supreme Junta, 359.
Chabert, general, at Baylen, 187, 189;
negotiates terms of surrender, 196, 197.
Chabran, general, his expedition to Tarragona, 309;
recalled by Duhesme, 312;
checked at Granollers, 319.
Charles IV, King of Spain, his character, 13;
arrests Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias, for high treason, 21;
pardons him, 23;
compelled to disgrace Godoy, 41;
abdicates in favour of Ferdinand, 42;
withdraws his abdication, 45;
summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon, 53;
abdicates in favour of Napoleon, 55.
Charlot, general, at Vimiero, 254, 255.
Charmilly, colonel, emissary sent by Frere to Moore, 520-3.
Cintra, Convention of, 268-72;
its terms, 272-8;
Court of Inquiry on, 291-300.
Claros, Don Juan, leader of Catalan _miqueletes_, 321, 328.
Cochrane, Lord, harasses Duhesme’s troops, 324, 331;
blockades Barcelona, 327.
Colbert, general, at Tudela, 441-4;
slain at Cacabellos, 569.
Colli, Baron, his attempt to release Ferdinand from Valençay, 18.
Collingwood, Lord, commanding Mediterranean Fleet,
refuses to allow embarkation of Dupont’s troops, 201.
Constantino, combat of, 572-3.
Cordova, sack of, by Dupont’s troops, 130.
Cortes, proposal to summon the, 362.
Corunna, Baird lands at, 484, 491, 498;
arrival of Moore at, 581;
battle of, 583-95.
Cotton, admiral,
resents the terms of the Convention of Cintra, 271, 272;
concludes an arrangement with Siniavin, 284, 285.
Coupigny, general, commands a division in Castaños’ army, 177, 180;
at Baylen, 187, 191;
delegate to the Army of the Centre, 395.
Crawfurd, Catlin, colonel, commands a brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Vimiero, 249-58;
at Corunna, 584.
Crawfurd, Robert, colonel commanding Light Brigade,
blows up the bridge at Castro Gonzalo, 548;
retreats to Vigo, 564;
his excellent discipline, 565.
Cruz-Murgeon, colonel, at Baylen, 191;
his defence of Lerin, 394.
Cuesta, Gregorio de la, captain-general of Old Castile,
his reluctance to take arms against the French, 68;
his character and capacity, 141;
defeated at Cabezon, 141;
at Medina de Rio Seco, 165-72;
his extravagant claims, 347, 348, 357;
removed from his command, 359.
Dalrymple, Sir Hew, governor of Gibraltar,
receives command of British troops in Portugal, 226;
arrives at Vimiero, 263;
his lack of confidence in Wellesley, 263-5;
negotiates the Convention of Cintra, 268-72;
his want of consideration for Portuguese authorities, 279, 283, 285;
his dilatoriness, 287;
summoned before the Court of Inquiry, 294;
censured by the Commander-in-chief, 299.
Debelle, general, surprised by Paget at Sahagun, 535, 536.
Delaborde, general, marches against Wellesley, 236;
defeated at Roliça, 236-40;
at Vimiero, 246-62;
at Corunna, 586-91.
Despeña Perros, pass of, 79, 80.
Digeon, general, at Tudela, 441, 443.
Duhesme, general, leads an army into Catalonia, 36;
at Barcelona, 302;
failure of expeditions against Catalan insurgents, 310, 312;
marches on Gerona, 314;
his repulse and retreat, 316-8;
besieges Gerona again unsuccessfully, 325-30;
retreats on Barcelona, 331.
Dupont, general,
leads Second Corps of Observation of the Gironde into Spain, 34;
composition of his army, 104, 107, 126;
his first operations, 127;
combat of Alcolea, 129;
sacks Cordova, 130;
retreats to Andujar, 132;
defeated at Baylen, 190-2;
capitulates, 197;
imprisoned by Napoleon, 335.
Echávarri, Don Pedro de, defeated by Dupont at Alcolea, 128, 129.
Escoiquiz, Juan, canon of Toledo,
his influence on Ferdinand VII, 16, 17;
prompts the negotiations with Napoleon, 19, 20;
accompanies Ferdinand to Bayonne, 48;
his interview with Napoleon, 52.
Escurial, the affair of the, 23.
Espinosa de los Monteros, battle of, 413-6.
Etruria, King of, evicted by Napoleon, 35;
promised Northern Portugal, 9.
Evora, defeat of the Portuguese at, 218.
Fane, general, H., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237, 238;
at Vimiero, 249-61.
Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias, accused of treason, 12, 21;
his character, 16-19;
his intrigue with Napoleon, 20;
his arrest and acquittal, 21, 23;
pacifies the mob at Aranjuez, 41;
becomes King on his father’s abdication, 42;
enters Madrid, 43;
his title not recognized by the French, 43, 46;
tries to propitiate Napoleon, 47;
meets Napoleon at Bayonne, 47-51;
is forced to abdicate, 54;
confined at Valençay, 55.
Ferguson, general, R., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237, 239;
at Vimiero, 249-60;
gives evidence before the Court of Inquiry, 294, 295.
Filanghieri, captain-general of Galicia, murdered by soldiery, 66, 67.
Florida Blanca, Count, political influence of, 345;
president of the Junta General, 359.
Fontainebleau, treaty of, 8-11.
Foy, general, his opinion of English infantry, 115;
of English cavalry, 119;
at Vimiero, 255;
at Corunna, 591.
Franceschi, general,
scatters La Romana’s troops at combat of Mansilla, 552;
in the pass of Foncebadon, 563;
pursues Moore’s army at Betanzos, 579;
at Corunna, 589.
Francisco, Don, younger brother of Ferdinand VII,
arrested by Murat, 60.
Freire, Bernardino, general, appointed head of Portuguese armies, 212;
quarrels with Wellesley, 233;
resents the terms of the Convention of Cintra, 270, 277, 278.
Frere, John Hookham, British minister in Spain,
brings subsidies to Corunna, 365, 499;
urges Moore to advance, 506, 519, 520;
his controversy with Moore, 523, 524.
Frère, general, meets Moncey with reinforcements, 138.
Galicia, province of, revolts against the French, 66;
its importance, 69;
geography of, 80, 81;
military operations in, 163-75.
Galluzzo, captain-general of Estremadura,
attacks French garrison at Elvas, 276;
refuses to draw off his troops, 279;
recalled to Aranjuez, 420;
commands the army of San Juan, 481.
Gamonal, combat of, 422, 423.
George III, King, his reply to the Corporation of London about the
Convention of Cintra, 293.
Gerona, fortress of, held by the Spanish, 70;
besieged by Duhesme, 316, 317;
second siege of, 325-31.
Gironde, First Corps of Observation of the, 6, 7 (_see_ Junot);
Second Corps of Observation of the, 12 (_see_ Dupont).
Gobert, general, reinforces Dupont, 179;
defeated and mortally wounded at Mengibar, 181, 182.
Godoy, Manuel, Prince of the Peace, prime minister of Charles IV of
Spain, his proclamation of Oct. 5, 1806, 4;
his part in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, 9, 10;
his character and policy, 12-5;
his enmity to Prince Ferdinand, 20, 21;
tries to propitiate Napoleon, 36;
proposes the flight of the Spanish Court, 40, 41;
disgraced and banished, 41;
summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon, 53;
his responsibility for the state of the Spanish army, 96-8.
Goulas, general, repulsed at Hostalrich, 325.
Graham, colonel, T., brings news of the fall of Madrid to Moore, 529.
Grimarest, general, at Tudela, 442, 443.
Guadarrama, the, Napoleon’s passage of, 543.
Heredia, Don Joseph,
commands the Army of Estremadura, 452, 455, 471, 516.
Hill, general, R., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237, 238;
at Vimiero, 249, 253;
at Corunna, 591.
Hope, Sir John, general, his advance on Elvas, 280, 487;
his circuitous march to join Moore, 510, 511;
at Corunna, 584;
takes command of the army on Moore’s death, 591.
Ibarnavarro, Justo,
brings the news of the treachery at Bayonne to Madrid, 59.
Infantado, Duke of,
confidant of Ferdinand VII in the affair of the Escurial, 19, 22, 23;
in Biscay, 356;
defends Madrid against Napoleon, 463.
Inquisition, the, Godoy’s attitude towards, 15;
abolished by Napoleon, 474-6.
Izquierdo, Eugenio, agent of Godoy,
draws up the Treaty of Fontainebleau, 8;
sends disquieting reports from Paris, 36.
John, Prince-Regent of Portugal,
compelled to submit to the Continental System, 7;
attacked by Napoleon, 29;
his flight from Lisbon, 30.
Jones, Felix, general, commands a division in Castaños’ army, 177.
Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte, accepts the crown of Spain, 46;
enters Madrid, 173;
his character, 174;
his flight from Madrid, 175;
at Miranda, 340;
his return to Madrid, 479.
Jourdan, Jean Baptiste, marshal,
commands the troops of King Joseph, 383, 384.
Jovellanos, Gaspar de,
refuses the Ministry of the Interior under Joseph, 174;
a member of the Junta General, 354;
his Liberal views, 361, 362.
Junot, general, Duke of Abrantes, leads French army into Spain, 8;
his invasion of Portugal, 26;
his march on Lisbon, 27-30;
his rule in Portugal, 206;
his difficulties in Lisbon, 213, 214;
defeated at Vimiero, 247-61;
negotiates the Convention of Cintra, 266-72;
evacuates Portugal, 280;
retires to Spain, 450, 481.
Junta, or Council of Regency, appointed by Ferdinand VII, 48;
its dealings with Murat, 58, 59;
sends petition to Napoleon asking for Joseph Bonaparte as King, 63.
Junta General, creation of the, 352;
its composition, 354;
in session, 354-66;
flies to Seville.
Juntas, the provincial: _see_ Galicia, Andalusia, Catalonia, &c.
Keates, Sir Richard, admiral commanding the fleet in the Baltic, 370;
effects the escape of La Romana and his troops, 374.
Kellermann, François Christophe, general, retires on Lisbon, 216;
his success at Alcacer do Sal, 242;
at Vimiero, 246-56;
negotiates the Convention of Cintra, 266-72.
Kindelan, general, treachery of, 372, 374.
Lahoussaye, general, commands dragoons at Cacabellos, 569;
at Constantino, 572, 573;
at Corunna, 589.
Lake, colonel, killed at Roliça, 238.
Lannes, Jean, marshal, Duke of Montebello,
wins battle of Tudela, 436-44.
Lapisse, general, at Espinosa, 414, 415;
sent against Salamanca, 561.
Lasalle, general, at Cabezon, 141;
at Medina de Rio Seco, 167-71;
at Gamonal, 422.
Lazan, Marquis of, defeated at Tudela, 144, 145;
at Mallen, 145;
sent to Catalonia to oppose Duhesme, 387.
Lecchi, general, seizes fortress of Barcelona, 37;
besieged in Barcelona by Palacio, 327, 328;
with Duhesme at Barcelona, 318.
Lefebvre, Francis Joseph, marshal, Duke of Dantzig,
defeats Blake at Zornoza, 407;
at Valmaceda, 411.
Lefebvre, general, reinforces Bessières, 337;
wounded at Corunna, 594.
Lefebvre-Desnouettes, general, sent against Saragossa, 125, 142;
victorious at Mallen, 144, 145;
his siege of Saragossa, 145-52;
superseded by Verdier, 152;
at battle of Tudela, 444;
taken prisoner at Benavente, 550.
Leite, general, defeated by Loison at Evora, 218;
his difficulties with Galluzzo, 279.
Leith, general, J., takes part in Blake’s retreat, 426-9;
commands a brigade under Moore, 501, 528, 533.
Leith Hay, major, his views on Spanish patriotism, 505, 577.
Leopold, Prince, of Sicily, intrigues for the Regency of Spain, 350.
Liger-Belair, general, defeated at Mengibar, 181.
Lisbon, seized by Junot, 30, 31;
its importance, 209;
condition of, under Junot, 213, 214;
surrendered to the British by the Convention of Cintra, 273.
Llamas, Valencian general, at the council of war in Madrid, 357;
at Aranjuez, 385.
Loison, general, in Northern Portugal, 213;
retires on Abrantes, 216;
his victory at Evora, 218;
recalled to Lisbon, 218;
at Vimiero, 246-52.
Lopez, colonel, Spanish attaché with Moore, 488, 494.
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans,
his intrigues about the Spanish Regency, 350.
Lugo, combat of, 574, 575.
Madrid, description of, 75;
its lack of importance politically, 75;
its advantages as a centre of roads, 86;
Joseph Bonaparte enters, 173;
abandoned by Joseph, 175;
its resistance to Napoleon, 462-9;
Napoleon at, 473-85.
Maison, general, at Espinosa, 415.
Malaspina, general, defeated by Sebastiani, 416.
Mansilla, combat of, 552.
Maransin, general, evacuates Algarve, 212;
storms Beja, 215.
Margaron, general, at Vimiero, 246-52.
Maria Luisa, queen of Charles IV of Spain, her character, 14;
intrigues with Murat against Ferdinand VII, 44, 45;
at Bayonne, 53.
Mataro, stormed and sacked by Duhesme, 315.
Mathieu, Maurice, general, at Tudela, 441-3.
Medina de Rio Seco, battle of, 168-72.
Mengibar, combat of, 181.
Merle, general, sent against Santander, 125, 142;
at Cabezon, 141;
at Medina de Rio Seco, 169-71;
at Gamonal, 422;
at Cacabellos, 569;
at Constantino, 573;
at Corunna, 586-90.
Milans, Francisco,
leader of Catalan _somatenes_, repulses Chabran, 319;
opposes Duhesme, 325, 328.
Milhaud, general, at Gamonal, 422.
_Miqueletes_, the, of Catalonia, 302, 306.
Moira, Francis Rawdon, Lord,
on the Inquiry into the Convention of Cintra, 294-8.
Moncey, Bon Adrien Jeannot de, marshal, Duke of Conegliano,
leads Corps of Observation of the Ocean Coast into Spain, 34;
composition of his army, 126;
his expedition against Valencia, 133;
his repulse at Valencia, 136;
retreats on Madrid, 138;
at Tudela, 441.
Monteiro Mor, the (Conde de Castro Marim),
resents the terms of the Convention of Cintra, 279, 283.
Montijo, Conde de, his operations on the Ebro, 381;
field-deputy of the Junta, 395.
Moore, Sir John, general, returns from the Baltic, 224, 226;
lands in Portugal, 270, 486;
advances into Old Castile, 451, 485;
his difficulties of transport, 486-91;
at Salamanca, 486-512;
resolves to retreat, 509, 510;
his change of plans, 522, 523;
his quarrel with Frere, 523, 524;
advances to Sahagun, 537;
his retreat before Napoleon, 538-59;
is joined by La Romana at Astorga, 552;
retreats before Soult, 556-88;
wins battle of Corunna, 588, 589;
his death and burial, 595;
his character and achievements, 597-602.
Morla, Don Tomas de, general,
repudiates the Capitulation of Baylen, 201;
defends Madrid against Napoleon, 463;
negotiates the surrender of the city, 469;
takes office under Joseph, 472;
his letter to Moore, 517, 518.
Mortier, Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph, Duke of Treviso,
arrives in Spain, 481.
Mouton, general, at Medina de Rio Seco, 169-71;
at Gamonal, 422.
Munster, George Earl of, his opinion of the Spanish army, 98.
Murat, Joachim, Grand-Duke of Berg,
commands French forces in Spain, 38;
his character and capacity, 39;
enters Madrid, 43;
refuses to acknowledge Ferdinand VII as king, 43;
intrigues with Charles IV and Maria Luisa against Ferdinand, 44;
induces the old king to withdraw his abdication, 45;
his dealings with the Junta at Madrid, 58, 59;
quells insurrection in Madrid, 60, 61;
leaves Spain, 123;
his intrigues with Fouché and Talleyrand, 560.
Napier, Sir William, general, historian of the Peninsular War,
his strictures on the Spaniards, 89, 499;
errors in his estimates of numbers, 251, 421, 639;
his testimony to the Catalans, 302;
misinformed with regard to La Romana’s army, 416;
his defence of Moore’s strategy, 497, 597, 600;
his eulogy on Moore, 602.
Napier, Major Charles, wounded and taken prisoner at Corunna, 588.
Napoleon, his projects against Spain, 2-11;
intrigues with Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias, 20-3;
his treachery at Bayonne, 51;
offers Joseph Bonaparte the kingdom of Spain, 46;
his original plan of campaign in Spain, 123-6;
his wrath at the Capitulation of Baylen, 334, 335;
his new scheme of operations in Spain, 337-40;
his treaty with the Czar Alexander, 377;
his letter to King George III, 378;
arrives in Spain, 397, 417;
defeats Belvedere at Gamonal, 422;
advances on Madrid, 449;
crosses the Somosierra, 453-61;
enters Madrid, 466-9;
his scheme of reforms for Spain, 475, 476;
his pursuit of Moore, 538-47;
halts at Benavente, 559;
returns to France, 561.
Ney, Michel, marshal, Duke of Elchingen, arrives in Spain, 341;
fails to catch the retreating army of Castaños, 446, 448;
joins in the pursuit of Moore, 545, 547, 561, 562.
Nightingale, general, M., commands brigade under Wellesley, 232;
at Roliça, 237;
at Vimiero, 249-59.
O’Farrill, general, Spanish Minister of War,
takes office under Joseph, 174.
O’Neille, general, his blunders at Tudela, 435-44.
Oporto, Bishop of, Dom Antonio de Castro,
head of the Portuguese Junta, 211;
his interview with Wellesley, 228;
resents the Convention of Cintra, 277, 278;
his letter of complaint, 291.
O’Sullivan, Manuel, captain, repulses Goulas from Hostalrich, 325.
Paget, Edward, general,
commands Reserve Division of Moore’s army, 533, 564;
his success at Cacabellos, 568;
at Constantino, 573;
at Corunna, 589.
Paget, Henry Lord, surprises the French at Sahagun, 536;
at Benavente, 550, 551.
Palacio, Marquis del,
leads troops from Balearic Isles to Catalonia, 323;
Captain-General of Catalonia, 327;
invests Barcelona, 327.
Palafox, Francisco, Deputy of the Supreme Junta, 355;
usurps command of the army of Castaños, 433.
Palafox, Joseph, leads the revolt against the French in Saragossa, 67;
Captain-General of Aragon, 69;
his character, 143;
his defence of Saragossa, 143, 153-62;
defeated at Alagon, 145;
at Epila, 151;
his fantastic plans, 391, 434-5.
Pampeluna, citadel of, seized by D’Armagnac, 36.
Peña, Manuel La, general, commands division in Castaños’ army, 177;
arrives at Baylen, 192;
threatens Dupont, 195;
his cowardice at Tudela, 442-5;
escapes from Ney, 470.
Pignatelli, general, commands Army of Castile, 385;
retreats before Ney, 393;
removed from his command, 385.
Polish Light Horse, charge of the, at the Somosierra, 459.
Portland Cabinet, the,
resolves to aid risings in Spain and Portugal, 221, 222.
Portugal, kingdom of,
compelled to submit to the Continental System, 7;
conquest of, by French troops, 26-32;
its army dissolved, 31;
insurrection of, 205-18;
evacuated by the French, 279, 280.
Pradt, Mgr. de, Archbishop of Malines,
his memoirs, 5, 16, 17, 459, 473.
Reding, Teodoro, general, commands division under Castaños, 177;
at Mengibar, 181, 182;
marches on Baylen, 185;
at battle of Baylen, 187-91;
marches for Catalonia, 387-8.
Reille, general, succours Duhesme, 319;
repulsed from Rosas, 321.
Roads, the, of Spain, 78-85.
Robertson, Rev. James, emissary from Canning to La Romana, 371;
success of his mission, 372.
Roca, general, commands Valencian division at Tudela, 441.
Roliça, combat of, 236-40.
Romana, La, Marquis of,
sent to the Baltic with Spanish troops, 90, 367;
escapes with his army on British vessels, 371-4;
supersedes Blake in command of the army of Galicia, 427;
proposes a junction with Moore, 515,
528, 533, 534;
joins Moore at Astorga, 553;
retreats through the pass of Foncebadon, 563.
Rosas, resists Reille’s attack, 321.
Sabathier, general, at Medina de Rio Seco, 169-71.
Sahagun, combat of, 536.
St. Cyr, Laurent Gouvion, general,
supersedes Duhesme in Catalonia, 332.
Saint March, general, at Tudela, 441.
San Juan, general, defeated at the Somosierra, 455-60;
murdered by his own troops, 471.
San Roman, Count of,
commands division from the Baltic at Espinosa, 413-6.
Santa Cruz, Marquis of, leads the revolt in the Asturias, 65.
Saragossa, first siege of, 145-62;
story of the ‘Maid of,’ 154.
Savary, Anne Jean Marie Réné, general, Duke of Rovigo, at Madrid, 48;
induces Ferdinand to meet Napoleon, 48;
takes command at Madrid on Murat’s departure, 123, 166, 175;
at the passage of the Somosierra, 456.
Schwartz, general, sent against Lerida, 309;
retreats to Barcelona, 311.
Sebastiani, general, at Zornoza, 407;
defeats Malaspina, 416.
Ségur, Philippe de,
his description of the passage of the Somosierra, 459.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley,
his speech on the Spanish insurrection, 222.
Siniavin, admiral commanding Russian fleet in the Tagus,
refuses to aid Junot, 209;
concludes terms with Admiral Cotton, 272, 284, 285.
Smith, Sir Sydney, admiral, blockades Lisbon, 29.
Solano, captain-general, murdered in Cadiz, 67.
Solignac, general, at Vimiero, 253-9.
_Somatenes_, irregular levies of Catalonia, 70, 306, 311.
Somosierra, combat of the, 456-60.
Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, marshal, Duke of Dalmatia,
arrives in Spain, 418;
victorious at Gamonal, 422, 423;
occupies Santander, 429;
successful at Mansilla, 552;
his pursuit of Moore, 557-83;
refuses battle at Lugo, 574;
fights at Corunna, 583-91;
places inscriptions over Moore’s grave, 595.
Spencer, general B.,
brings division from Sicily and Gibraltar to join Wellesley, 230;
his evidence at the Inquiry into the Convention of Cintra, 294, 295.
Strangford, Lord, British ambassador at Lisbon, 29, 30.
Stuart, Charles, British minister at Madrid,
his remarks on the inactivity of the Supreme Junta, 365, 504;
urges Moore to advance, 519;
comes as emissary from Frere to Moore, 535.
Surtees, sergeant, his remarks on Spanish officers, 99.
Symes, colonel, M., his report on La Romana’s force, 534.
Tactics, the, of the French, 114-9;
of the British, 114-22.
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord, Prince of
Benevento, opposes the invasion of Spain, 11;
receives Ferdinand VII, Don Carlos, and Don Antonio at
Valençay, 55, 56.
Taylor, lieut.-colonel, commands the 20th Regt. at Vimiero, 256.
Thiébault, Paul, general, chief of the staff to Junot,
at the council of war at Torres Vedras, 266;
his interview with Napoleon, 269;
his evidence about the French peculations at Lisbon, 281.
Thomières, general, at Vimiero, 254, 255.
Toreño, historian of the Peninsular War,
goes to London as an emissary from the Asturias, 66.
Trant, colonel, commands division of Portuguese under Wellesley, 234;
at Roliça, 237;
at Vimiero, 249.
Tudela, combat of, 144, 145;
battle of, 439-44.
Valdez, don Antonio, imprisoned by Cuesta, 359.
Valencia, massacre of the French colony in, 68;
Moncey’s expedition against, 133-6.
Valmaceda, combat of, 411.
Vaughan, Charles, secretary to the British minister in Madrid,
his papers, 24, 143, 154;
his opinion of the Central Junta, 365;
brings the news of Tudela to Moore, 508.
Vedel, general, reinforces Dupont, 176;
marches on La Carolina, 183;
arrives late at Baylen, 193;
retreats on La Carolina, 198;
returns to Baylen, 199.
Verdier, general, at the siege of Saragossa, 152;
retreats to Tudela, 161.
Victor, Claude Perrin, marshal, Duke of Belluno,
his operations against Blake, 409, 413;
at Espinosa, 414-6.
Villatte, general, at Zornoza, 407;
his escape from Acevedo, 410;
at Espinosa, 414.
Villoutreys, captain, asks suspension of hostilities from Reding, 192;
imprisoned by Napoleon, 335.
Vimiero, battle of, 247-61.
Vives, general, neglects to help Catalonia, 323.
Wellesley, general, Sir Arthur, disembarks at Figueira, 218;
his interview with the Bishop of Oporto and the Supreme Junta, 228;
at Roliça, 236-40;
at Vimiero, 247-61;
his differences with Burrard and Dalrymple, 260-5;
his views on the future of the war, 288;
returns to England, 290;
summoned before the Court of Inquiry on the Convention of
Cintra, 294;
his evidence against Burrard and Dalrymple, 295;
returns to Lisbon, 300;
his tactics, 114-22.
Wilson, Sir Robert, organizes the Lusitanian Legion, 280.
Zagalo, Bernard, the student, leader of revolt in Coimbra,
captures Figueira, 217.
Zamora, resists Lapisse’s attack, 562.
Zornoza, battle of, 407.
END OF VOL. I
Oxford: Printed at the Clarendon Press, by HORACE HART, M. A.
[Illustration: Spain and Portugal, showing physical features and roads.]