The imponderable fluids have had their day; mechanical Forces are less
talked about; Science has put on a new face for this last quarter of a
century; but gravitation has remained, owing its life to new combinations
after the old ones had nearly killed it. It may answer scientific
hypotheses very well, but the question is whether it answers as well to
truth, and represents a fact in nature. Attraction by itself is not
sufficient to explain even planetary motion; how can it then presume to
explain the rotatory motion in the infinitudes of Space? Attraction alone
will never fill all the gaps, unless a special impulse is admitted for
every sidereal body, and the rotation of every planet with its satellites
is shown to be due to some one cause combined with attraction. And even
then, says an Astronomer,(908) Science would have to name that cause.
Occultism has named it for ages, and so have all the ancient Philosophers;
but then all such beliefs are now proclaimed exploded superstitions. The
extra‐cosmic God has killed every possibility of belief in intra‐cosmic
intelligent Forces; yet who, or what, is the original “pusher” in that
motion? Says Francœur:(909)
When we have learned the cause, _unique et speciale_, that pushes,
we will be ready to combine it with the one which attracts.
And again:
Attraction between the celestial bodies is only repulsion: it is
the sun that drives them incessantly onward; for otherwise, their
motion would stop.
If ever this theory of the Sun‐Force being the primal cause of all life on
earth, and of all motion in heaven, is accepted, and if that other far
bolder theory of Herschell, about certain organisms in the Sun, is
accepted even as a provisional hypothesis, then will our teachings be
vindicated, and Esoteric allegory will be shown to have anticipated Modern
Science by millions of years, probably, for such are the Archaic
Teachings. Mârttânda, the Sun, watches and threatens his seven brothers,
the planets, without abandoning the central position to which his Mother,
Aditi, relegated him. The Commentary(910) says:
_He pursues them, turning slowly around himself, ... following
from afar the direction in which his brothers move, on the path
that encircles their houses_—or the orbit.
It is the sun‐fluids or emanations that impart all motion, and awaken all
into life, in the Solar System. It is attraction and repulsion, but not as
understood by modern Physics or according to the law of gravity, but in
harmony with the laws of _manvantaric motion_ designed from the early
Sandhyâ, the Dawn of the rebuilding and higher reformation of the System.
These laws are immutable; but the motion of all the bodies—which motion is
diverse and alters with every minor Kalpa—is regulated by the Movers, the
Intelligences within the Cosmic Soul. Are we so very wrong in believing
all this? Well, here is a great and modern man of Science who, speaking of
vital electricity, uses language far more akin to Occultism than to modern
Materialistic thought. We refer the sceptical reader to an article on “The
Source of Heat in the Sun,” by Robert Hunt, F.R.S.,(911) who, speaking of
the luminous envelope of the Sun and its “peculiar curdy appearance,”
says:
Arago proposed that this envelope should be called the
Photosphere, a name now generally adopted. By the elder Herschell,
the surface of this photosphere was compared to mother‐of‐
pearl.... It resembles the ocean on a tranquil summer‐day, when
its surface is slightly crisped by a gentle breeze.... Mr. Nasmyth
has discovered a more remarkable condition than any that had
previously been suspected, ... objects which are peculiarly lens‐
shaped ... like “willow leaves,” ... different in size ... not
arranged in any order, ... crossing each other in all directions
... with an irregular motion among themselves.... They are seen
approaching to and receding from each other, and sometimes
assuming new angular positions, so that the appearance ... has
been compared to a dense shoal of fish, which, indeed, they
resemble in shape.... The size of these objects gives a grand idea
of the gigantic scale upon which physical (?) operations are
carried out in the sun. They cannot be less than 1,000 miles in
length, and from two to three hundred miles in breadth. The most
probable conjecture which has been offered respecting those leaf
or lens‐like objects, is that the photosphere(912) is an immense
ocean of gaseous matter [what kind of “matter”?] ... in a state of
intense [apparent] incandescence, and that they are perspective
projections of the sheets of flame.
Solar “flames” seen through telescopes are reflections, says Occultism.
But the reader has already seen what Occultists have to say to this.
Whatever they [those sheets of flame] may be, it is evident they
are the immediate sources of solar heat and light. Here we have a
surrounding envelope of photogenic matter,(913) which pendulates
with mighty energies, and by communicating its motion to the
ethereal medium in stellar space, produces heat and light in far
distant worlds. We have said that those forms have been compared
to certain organisms, and Herschell says, “Though it would be too
daring to speak of such organizations as _partaking of life_ [why
not?],(914) yet we do not know that vital action is competent to
develop heat, light, and electricity.”... Can it be that there is
truth in this fine thought? May the pulsing of vital matter in the
central sun of our system be the source of all that life which
crowds the earth, and without doubt overspreads the other planets,
to which the sun is the mighty minister?
Occultism answers these queries in the affirmative; and Science will find
this to be the case, one day.
Again, Mr. Hunt writes:
But regarding Life—Vital Force—as a power far more exalted than
either light, heat, or electricity, and indeed capable of exerting
a controlling power over them all [this is absolutely Occult] ...
we are certainly disposed to view with satisfaction that
speculation which supposes the photosphere to be the primary seat
of vital power, and to regard with a poetic pleasure that
hypothesis which refers the solar energies to Life.(915)
Thus, we have an important scientific corroboration for one of our
fundamental dogmas—namely, that (_a_) the Sun is the store‐house of Vital
Force, which is the Noumenon of Electricity; and (_b_) that it is from its
mysterious, never‐to‐be‐fathomed depths, that issue those life‐currents
which thrill through Space, as through the organisms of every living thing
on Earth. For see what another eminent Physician says, who calls this, our
life‐fluid, “Nervous Ether.” Change a few sentences in the article,
extracts from which now follow, and you have another quasi‐Occult treatise
on Life‐Force. It is again Dr. B. W. Richardson, F.R.S., who gives his
views as follows on “Nervous Ether,” as he has on “Sun‐Force” and “Earth‐
Force”:
The idea attempted to be conveyed by the theory is, that between
the molecules of the matter, solid or fluid, of which the nervous
organisms, and, indeed, of which all the organic parts of a body
are composed, there exists a refined subtle medium, vaporous or
gaseous, which holds the molecules in a condition for motion upon
each other, and for arrangement and reärrangement of form; a
medium by and through which all motion is conveyed; by and through
which the one organ or part of the body is held in communion with
the other parts, by which and through which the outer living world
communicates with the living man; a medium, which, being present,
enables the phenomena of life to be demonstrated, and which, being
universally absent, leaves the body actually dead.
And the whole Solar System falls into Pralaya—the author might have added.
But let us read further:
I use the word ether in its general sense as meaning a very light,
vaporous or gaseous matter; I use it, in short, as the astronomer
uses it when he speaks of the ether of Space, by which he means a
subtle but material medium.... When I speak of a _nervous_ ether,
I do not convey that the ether is existent in nervous structure
only: I believe truly that it is a special part of the nervous
organization; but, as nerves pass into all structures that have
capacities for movement and sensibilities, so the nervous ether
passes into all such parts; and as the nervous ether is, according
to my view, a direct product from blood, so we may look upon it as
a part of the atmosphere of the blood.... The evidence in favour
of the existence of an elastic medium pervading the nervous matter
and capable of being influenced by simple pressure is all‐
convincing.... In nervous structure there is, unquestionably, a
true nervous fluid, as our predecessors taught.(916) The precise
chemical (?)(917) composition of this fluid is not yet well known;
the physical characters of it have been little studied. Whether it
moves in currents, we do not know; whether it circulates, we do
not know; whether it is formed in the centres and passes from them
to the nerves, or whether it is formed everywhere where blood
enters nerve, we do not know. The exact uses of the fluid we do
not consequently know. It occurs to my mind, however, that the
veritable fluid of nervous matter is not of itself sufficient to
act as the subtle medium that connects the outer with the inner
universe of man and animal. I think—and this is the modification I
suggest to the older theory—there must be another form of matter
present during life; a matter which exists in the condition of
vapour or gas, which pervades the whole nervous organism,
surrounds as an enveloping atmosphere(918) each molecule of
nervous structure, and is the medium of all motion, communicated
to and from the nervous centres.... When it is once fairly
presented to the mind that during life _there is in the animal
body a finely diffused form of matter_, a vapour filling every
part—and even stored in some parts; a matter constantly renewed by
the vital chemistry; a matter as easily disposed of as the breath,
after it has served its purpose—a new flood of light breaks on the
intelligence.(919)
A new flood of light is certainly thrown on the wisdom of ancient and
mediæval Occultism and its votaries. For Paracelsus wrote the same thing
more than three hundred years ago, in the sixteenth century, as follows:
The whole of the Microcosm is potentially contained in the Liquor
Vitæ, a nerve fluid ... in which is contained the nature, quality,
character, and essence of beings.(920)
The Archæus is an essence that is equally distributed in all parts
of the human body.... The Spiritus Vitæ takes its origin from the
Spiritus Mundi. Being an emanation of the latter, it contains the
elements of all cosmic influences, and is therefore the cause by
which the action of the stars [cosmic forces] upon the invisible
body of man [his vital _Linga Sharîra_] may be explained.(921)
Had Dr. Richardson studied all the secret works of Paracelsus, he would
not have been obliged to confess so often, “we do not know,” “it is not
known to us,” etc. Nor would he ever have written the following sentence,
recanting the best portions of his independent rediscovery.
It may be urged that in this line of thought is included no more
than the theory of the existence of the ether ... supposed to
pervade space.... It may be said that this universal ether
pervades all the organism of the animal body as from without, and
as part of every organization. This view would be Pantheism
physically discovered, _if it were true_ [!!]. It fails to be true
because it would destroy the individuality of every individual
sense.(922)
We fail to see this, and we _know_ it is not so. Pantheism _may_ be
“physically rediscovered.” It was known, seen, and felt by the whole of
antiquity. Pantheism manifests itself in the vast expanse of the starry
heavens, in the breathing of the seas and oceans, and in the quiver of
life of the smallest blade of grass. Philosophy rejects one _finite_ and
_imperfect_ God in the universe, the anthropomorphic deity of the
Monotheist as represented by his followers. It repudiates, in its name of
_Philo‐theo‐sophia_, the grotesque idea that Infinite, Absolute Deity
should, or rather could, have any direct or indirect relation to finite
illusive evolutions of Matter, and therefore it cannot imagine a universe
_outside_ that Deity, or the absence of that Deity from the smallest speck
of animate or inanimate Substance. This does not mean that every bush,
tree or stone is God or _a_ God; but only that every speck of the
manifested material of Kosmos belongs to, and is the Substance of, God,
however low it may have fallen in its cyclic gyration through the
Eternities of the Ever‐Becoming; and also that every such speck
individually, and Kosmos collectively, is an aspect and a reminder of that
universal One Soul—which Philosophy refuses to call God, thus limiting the
eternal and ever‐present Root and Essence.
Why either the Ether of Space or “Nervous Ether” should “destroy the
individuality of every sense,” seems incomprehensible to one acquainted
with the real nature of that “Nervous Ether” under its Sanskrit, or rather
Esoteric and Kabalistic name. Dr. Richardson agrees that:
If we did not individually produce the medium of communication
between ourselves and the outer world, if it were produced from
without and adapted to one kind of vibration alone, there were
fewer senses required than we possess: for, taking two
illustrations only—ether of light is not adapted for sound, and
yet we hear as well and see; while air, the medium of motion of
sound, is not the medium of light, and yet we see and hear.
This is not so. The opinion that Pantheism “fails to be true because it
would destroy the individuality of every individual sense” shows that all
the conclusions of the learned doctor are based on the modern physical
theories, though he would fain reform them. But he will find it impossible
to do this unless he allows the existence of spiritual senses to replace
the gradual atrophy of the physical. “We see and hear,” in accordance (of
course, in Dr. Richardson’s mind) with the explanations of the phenomena
of sight and hearing, afforded by that same Materialistic Science which
postulates that we cannot see and hear otherwise. The Occultists and
Mystics know better. The Vedic Âryans were as familiar with the mysteries
of sound and colour on the physical plane as are our Physiologists, but
they had also mastered the secrets of both on planes inaccessible to the
Materialist. They knew of a double set of senses; spiritual and material.
In a man who is deprived of one or more senses, the remaining senses
become the more developed; for instance, the blind man will recover his
sight through the senses of touch, of hearing, etc., and he who is deaf
will be able to hear through sight, by seeing _audibly_ the words uttered
by the lips and mouth of the speaker. But these are cases that belong to
the world of Matter still. The spiritual senses, those that act on a
higher plane of consciousness, are rejected _à priori_ by Physiology,
because the latter is ignorant of the Sacred Science. It limits the action
of Ether to vibrations, and, dividing it from air—though air is simply
differentiated and compound Ether—makes it assume functions to fit in with
the special theories of the Physiologist. But there is more real Science
in the teachings of the _Upanishads_, when these are correctly understood,
than the Orientalists, who do not understand them at all, are ready to
admit. Mental as well as physical correlations of the seven senses—seven
on the physical and seven on the mental planes—are clearly explained and
defined in the _Vedas_, and especially in the _Upanishad_ called
_Anugîtâ_:
The indestructible and the destructible, such is the double
manifestation of the Self. Of these the indestructible is the
existent [the true essence or nature of Self, the underlying
principles], the manifestation as an individual (entity) is called
the destructible.(923)
Thus speaks the Ascetic in the _Anugîtâ_, and also:
Every one who is twice‐born [initiated] knows such is the teaching
of the ancients.... Space is the first entity.... Now Space
[Âkâsha, or the Noumenon of Ether] has one quality ... and that is
stated to be sound only ... [and the] qualities of sound [are]
Shadja, Rishabha, together with Gândhâra, Madhyama, Panchama, and
beyond these [should be understood to be] Nishâda and Dhaivata
[the Hindû gamut].(924)
These seven notes of the scale are the principles of sound. The qualities
of every Element, as of every sense, are septenary, and to judge and
dogmatize on them from their manifestation on the material or objective
plane—likewise sevenfold in itself—is quite arbitrary. For it is only by
the SELF emancipating itself from these seven causes of illusion, that we
can acquire the knowledge (Secret Wisdom) of the qualities of objects of
sense on their dual plane of manifestation, the visible and the invisible.
Thus it is said:
Hear me ... state this wonderful mystery.... Hear also the
assignment of causes exhaustively. The nose, and the tongue, and
the eye, and the skin, and the ear as the fifth [organ of sense]
mind and understanding,(925) these seven [senses] should be
understood to be the causes of (the knowledge of) qualities.
Smell, and taste, and colour, sound, and touch as the fifth, the
object of the mental operation, and the object of the
understanding [the highest spiritual sense or perception], these
seven are causes of action. He who smells, he who eats, he who
sees, he who speaks, and he who hears as the fifth, he who thinks,
and he who understands, these seven should be understood to be the
causes of the agents. These [the agents] being possessed of
qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas), enjoy their own qualities,
agreeable and disagreeable.(926)
The modern commentators, failing to comprehend the subtle meaning of the
ancient Scholiasts, take the sentence, “causes of the agents,” to mean
“that the powers of smelling, etc., when attributed to the Self, make him
appear as an agent, as an active principle” (!), which is entirely
fanciful. These “seven” are understood to be the causes of the agents,
because “the objects are causes, as their enjoyment causes an impression.”
It means esoterically that they, these seven senses, are caused by the
agents, which are the “deities,” for otherwise what does, or can, the
following sentence mean? “Thus,” it is said, “these seven [senses] are the
causes of emancipation”—_i.e._, when these causes are made ineffectual.
And, again, the sentence, “among the learned [the wise Initiates] who
understand everything, the qualities _which are in the position_ [in the
nature, rather] _of the deities_, each in its place,” etc., means simply
that the “learned” understand the nature of the Noumena of the various
phenomena; and that “qualities,” in this instance, mean the qualities of
the high Planetary or Elementary Gods or Intelligences, which rule the
elements and their products, and not at all the “senses,” as the modern
commentator thinks. For the learned do not suppose their senses to have
aught to do with them, any more than with their SELF.
Then we read in the _Bhagavadgîtâ_ of _Krishna_, the Deity, saying:
Only some know me truly. Earth, water, fire, air, space [or
Âkâsha, Æther], mind, understanding and egoism [or the perception
of all the former on the illusive plane], ... this is a lower form
of my nature. Know (that there is) another (form of my) nature,
and higher than this, which is animate, O you of mighty arms! and
by which this universe is upheld.... All this is woven upon me,
like numbers of pearls upon a thread.(927) I am the taste in the
water, O son of Kuntî! I am the light of the sun and moon. I am
... sound (“_i.e._, the occult essence which underlies all these
and the other qualities of the various things mentioned”—Transl.),
in space ... the fragrant smell in the earth, refulgence in the
fire ... etc.(928)
Truly, then, one should study Occult Philosophy before one begins to seek
for and verify the mysteries of Nature on its surface alone, as he alone
“who knows the truth about the qualities of Nature, who understands the
creation of all entities ... is emancipated” from error. Says the
Preceptor:
Accurately understanding the great (tree) of which the unperceived
[Occult Nature, the root of all] is the sprout from the seed
[Parabrahman], which consists of the understanding [Mahat, or the
Universal Intelligent Soul] as its trunk, the branches of which
are the great egoism,(929) in the holes of which are the sprouts,
namely, the senses, of which the great [occult, or invisible]
elements are the flower‐bunches,(930) the gross elements [the
gross objective matter], the smaller boughs, which are always
possessed of leaves, always possessed of flowers ... which is
eternal and the seed of which is the Brahman [the Deity]; and
cutting it with that excellent sword—knowledge [Secret Wisdom]—one
attains immortality and casts off birth and death.(931)
This is the Tree of Life, the Ashvattha tree, after the cutting of which
only, Man, the slave of life and death, can be emancipated.
But the men of Science know nought, nor will they hear of the “Sword of
Knowledge” used by the Adepts and Ascetics. Hence the one‐sided remarks of
even the most liberal among them, based on and flowing from undue
importance given to the arbitrary divisions and classification of Physical
Science. Occultism heeds them very little, and Nature heeds them still
less. The whole range of physical phenomena proceeds from the Primary of
Æther—Âkâsha, as dual‐natured Âkâsha proceeds from undifferentiated Chaos,
so‐called, the latter being the primary aspect of Mûlaprakriti, the Root‐
Matter and the first abstract Idea one can form of Parabrahman. Modern
Science may divide its hypothetically conceived Ether in as many ways as
it likes; the real Æther of Space will remain as it is throughout. It has
its seven “principles,” as all the rest of Nature has, and where there was
no Æther there would be _no_ “sound,” as it is the vibrating sounding‐
board in Nature in all its seven differentiations. This is the first
mystery the Initiates of old have learned. Our present normal physical
senses were, from our present point of view, abnormal in those days of
slow and progressive downward evolution and fall into Matter. And there
was a day when all that in our modern times is regarded as exceptional, so
puzzling to the Physiologists now compelled to believe in them—such as
thought‐transference, clairvoyance, clairaudience, etc.; in short, all
that is now called “wonderful and abnormal”—when all that and much more
belonged to the senses and faculties common to all humanity. We are,
however, cycling back and cycling forward; that is to say, that having
lost in spirituality what we acquired in physical development until almost
the end of the Fourth Race, we are now as gradually and imperceptibly
losing in the physical all that we regain once more in the spiritual
reëvolution. This process must go on, until the period which will bring
the Sixth Root‐Race on a line parallel with the spirituality of the Second
Race, a long extinct mankind.
But this will hardly be understood at present. We must return to Dr.
Richardson’s hopeful, though somewhat incorrect hypothesis about “Nervous
Ether.” Under the misleading translation of the word as “Space,” Âkâsha
has just been shown in the ancient Hindû system as the “first born” of the
One, having but one quality, “Sound,” which is septenary. In Esoteric
language this One is the Father‐Deity, and Sound is synonymous with the
Logos, Verbum, or Son. Whether consciously or otherwise, it must be the
latter; and Dr. Richardson, while preaching an Occult doctrine, chooses
the lowest form of the septenary nature of that Sound, and speculates upon
it, adding:
The theory, I offer, is that the nervous ether is an _animal
product_. In different classes of animals it may differ in
physical quality so as to be adapted to the special wants of the
animal, but essentially it plays one part in all animals, and is
produced, in all, in the same way.
Herein lies the nucleus of error leading to all the resultant mistaken
views. This “Nervous Ether” is the lowest principle of the Primordial
Essence which is Life. It is Animal Vitality diffused in all Nature, and
acting according to the conditions it finds for its activity. It is not an
“animal product,” but the living animal, the living flower and plant, are
its products. The animal tissues only absorb it according to their more or
less morbid or healthy state—as do physical materials and structures (in
their primogenial state, _nota bene_)—and, from the moment of the birth of
the Entity, are regulated, strengthened, and fed by it. It descends in a
larger supply to vegetation in the Sushumnâ Sun‐Ray which lights and feeds
the Moon, and it is through her beams that it pours its light upon, and
penetrates man and animal, more during their sleep and rest, than when
they are in full activity. Therefore Dr. Richardson errs again in stating
that:
The nervous ether is not, according to my idea of it, _in itself
active, nor an excitant of animal motion in the sense of a force_;
but it is essential as supplying the conditions by which the
motion is rendered possible. [It is _just the reverse_.].... It is
the conductor of all vibrations of heat, of light, of sound, of
electrical action, of mechanical friction.(932) It holds the
nervous system throughout in perfect tension, during states of
life [true]. By exercise it is disposed of [_rather generated_]
... and when demand for it is greater than the supply, its
deficiency is indicated by nervous collapse or exhaustion.(933) It
accumulates in the nervous centres during sleep, bringing them, if
I may so speak, to their due tone, and therewith raising the
muscles to awakening and renewed life.
Just so; this is quite correct and comprehensible. Therefore:
The body fully renewed by it, presents capacity for motion,
fulness of form, _life_. The body bereft of it presents inertia,
the configuration of shrunken death, _the evidence of having lost
something physical that was in it when it lived_.
Modern Science denies the existence of a “vital principle.” This extract
is a clear proof of its grand mistake. But this “physical something,” that
we call life‐fluid—the Liquor Vitæ of Paracelsus—has not deserted the
body, as Dr. Richardson thinks. It has only changed its state from
activity to passivity, and has become latent, owing to the too morbid
state of the tissues, on which it has hold no longer. Once the _rigor
mortis_ is absolute, the Liquor Vitæ will reäwaken into action, and will
begin its work on the atoms _chemically_. Brahmâ‐Vishnu, the Creator and
the Preserver of Life, will have transformed himself into Shiva the
Destroyer.
Lastly Dr. Richardson writes:
The nervous ether may be poisoned; it may, I mean, have diffused
through it, by simple gaseous diffusion, other gases or vapours
derived from without; it may derive from within products of
substances swallowed and ingested, or gases of decomposition
produced during disease in the body itself.(934)
And the learned gentleman might have added on the same Occult principle:
That the “Nervous Ether” of one person can be poisoned by the “Nervous
Ether” of another person or by his “auric emanations.” But see what
Paracelsus said of this “Nervous Ether”:
The Archæus is of a magnetic nature, and attracts or repulses
other sympathetic or antipathetic forces belonging to the same
plane. The less power of resistance for astral influences a person
possesses, the more will he be subject to such influences. The
vital force is not enclosed in man, but radiates [within and]
around him like a luminous sphere [aura] and it may be made to act
at a distance.... It may poison the essence of life [_blood_] and
cause diseases, or it may purify it after it has been made impure,
and restore the health.(935)
That the two, “Archæus” and “Nervous Ether,” are identical, is shown by
the English Scientist, who says that _generally_ the tension of it may be
too high or too low; that it may be so:
Owing to local changes in the nervous matter it invests.... Under
sharp excitation it may vibrate as if in a storm and plunge every
muscle under cerebral or spinal control into uncontrolled
motion—unconscious convulsions.
This is called nervous excitation, but no one, except the Occultist, knows
the reason of such nervous perturbation, or explains the primary causes of
it. The principle of Life may kill when too exuberant, as much as when
there is too little of it. But this “principle” on the manifested plane,
that is to say, our plane, is but the effect and the result of the
intelligent action of the “Host,” or collective Principle, the manifesting
Life and Light. It is itself subordinate to, and emanates from, the ever‐
invisible, eternal and Absolute One Life, in a descending and reäscending
scale of hierarchic degrees, a true septenary ladder, with Sound, the
Logos, at the upper end, and the Vidyâdharas(936), the inferior Pitris, at
the lower.
Of course, the Occultists are fully aware of the fact that the vitalist
“fallacy,” so derided by Vogt and Huxley, is, nevertheless, still
countenanced in very high scientific quarters, and, therefore, they are
happy to feel that they do not stand alone. Thus, Professor de Quatrefages
writes:
It is very true that we do not know _what_ life _is_; but no more
do we know _what_ the force _is_ that set the stars in motion....
Living beings are heavy, and therefore subject to gravitation;
they are the seat of numerous and various physico‐chemical
phenomena which are indispensable to their existence, and which
must be referred to the action of etherodynamy [electricity, heat,
etc.]. But these phenomena are here manifested under the influence
of another force.... Life is not antagonistic to the inanimate
forces, but it governs and rules their action by its laws.(937)