THE COAST OF SOUTH CAROLINA, SUMMER OF 1862--OPERATIONS UNDER
GENERAL PEMBERTON--ENGAGEMENT AT OLD POCOTALIGO--CAMPAIGN ON JAMES
ISLAND--BATTLE OF SECESSIONVILLE.
At the close of the spring of 1862, the Federal army in South Carolina,
under General Hunter, had not made lodgment on the mainland. The
enemy's gunboats, commanding the waters surrounding the islands, made
ineffectual attacks on several of the batteries on shore.
On May 29th, a small force under Colonel Christ, of the Fiftieth
Pennsylvania regiment, a company of cavalry and one company of the
Eighth Michigan regiment, crossing at Port Royal ferry, made an attack
at Old Pocotaligo with a view of reaching and cutting the Charleston &
Savannah railroad. This force was met by the Rutledge mounted riflemen,
Capt. W. L. Trenholm, and two companies, A and D, of the First
battalion of South Carolina cavalry, the whole under Maj. J. H. Morgan.
A spirited engagement followed along the banks of Screven's canal, but
the Confederates, numbering only seventy-six men, were forced back to a
point three-quarters of a mile beyond Old Pocotaligo, where they took
up a strong position.
Col. W. S. Walker, commanding the Third military district, having
arrived on the field, directed this movement and awaited the second
attack. The first attack had been made at 10:30 a. m., and the
Confederates were not dislodged until 1 o'clock. At 4 o'clock Captain
Elliott brought up three pieces of his Beaufort battery, and Captains
Izard and Wyman, with their companies (I and F) of the Eleventh
South Carolina, also reinforced Walker. Later Col. J. H. Means, with
his regiment, 400 strong, came up to Colonel Walker's aid. But his
dispositions were not to be tried by the Federals. Colonel Christ,
though he had now with him a reinforcement of Connecticut artillery,
determined not to attack, and being covered by the woods in his
retreat, was far on his way to Garden's corners before Walker got
information of it and began the pursuit. He succeeded in crossing Port
Royal ferry at night in flats which were in readiness, before he could
be engaged by the Confederates.
Elliott put his guns in position at the ferry next morning and battered
the ferry-house which sheltered the Federal picket, and destroyed the
flats. In this affair Christ reported a loss of 2 killed and 9 wounded,
and Walker, 2 killed, 6 wounded and 1 missing. The Federal commander
estimated the Confederate force at from 600 to 800, but in the actual
engagement along Screven's canal, Walker had only 76 men, rank and
file; 110 men, armed for the most part only with sabers, being held
a mile in rear with the horses, under orders to charge in case of a
disaster in front.
Colonel Walker, in his official report, mentions in special praise the
conduct of Capt. W. L. Trenholm and his riflemen; Lieut. R. M. Skinner
and his small command of the First battalion cavalry; Captain Elliott,
of the Beaufort artillery; Capt. W. W. Elliott, acting ordnance
officer; Lieut. L. J. Walker, of the Rutledge riflemen; Lieut. E. H.
Barnwell, acting assistant adjutant-general; Corp. W. H. Jeffers, and
Privates J. D. Taylor and W. K. Steadman of the riflemen.
This attempt, like all others, failed to reach the railroad, and served
only to inspire Walker and other commanders along its line to increased
watchfulness. Thus closed the spring campaign on the coast of South
Carolina.
An event occurred in Charleston harbor on the morning of May 13th
which, no doubt, determined the movement of a large force against the
Confederate position on James island. This was the abduction of the
steamer Planter by a portion of the crew, who took the steamer out
of the harbor and turned her over to the Federal fleet. The Planter
was a swift, light-draught vessel, employed in transporting ordnance
and stores to the forts and batteries of the harbor and the vicinity.
She had a white captain, mate and engineer, and a crew of eight
intelligent negroes. The day before her abduction she had been loaded
at Southern wharf with heavy ordnance for the Middle Ground battery in
the harbor, consisting of a banded rifle 42, an 8-inch columbiad, an
8-inch howitzer, and a 32-pounder. She carried for her own defense a
32-pounder and a 24-pounder howitzer. The captain, mate and engineer,
contrary to written orders, were in the city, when four of the crew,
under the leadership of one of their number, Jacob Small, fired up
and boldly ran out of the harbor before daylight, the Planter being
taken for a guard boat by the forts and allowed to pass. The crew were
well-informed men and thoroughly acquainted with the situation around
Charleston, and especially with the recent removal of the guns from the
Georgetown defenses and from Cole's island, at the mouth of Stono river.
All this information was, of course, carried to the Federal commanders.
Great excitement followed in the city, and all the troops and posts
were ordered to be ready for attack, especially by way of the land. The
abandonment of Fort Palmetto at the mouth of the Stono left the way
open to the Federal fleet to enter that river, and to General Hunter
to land a large force on James island. Following the plan which he had
adopted after the fall of Port Royal harbor, General Pemberton gave up
the defense of the sea islands and the harbor of Georgetown, and made
the Charleston & Savannah railroad his main line south of Charleston,
drawing in the defenses on James island to a line running across the
island from Secessionville on its left to Fort Pemberton, on the Stono,
on its right.
This policy was unpopular with the governor, the military generally
and the people, and made General Pemberton, an honest and patriotic
soldier, both unpopular and mistrusted. The idea was abroad that he did
not mean to defend the city to the last; that he was not confident of
success, and that he was not equal to the emergency. These sentiments
were freely communicated to General Lee and to President Davis by
the governor and by prominent citizens of the State. General Ripley,
who commanded the harbor defenses and the forces on James island,
regarded the abandonment of Fort Palmetto as a fatal mistake, and at
his request, he was ordered to join General Lee in front of Richmond.
General Ripley had shown great energy and unusual ability as an
artillery officer, and possessed the full confidence of the military
and the people. He had made the Palmetto a strong battery and had
put in command an accomplished officer, Maj. J. J. Lucas, with his
artillery battalion supported by infantry. Cole's island, on which Fort
Palmetto was situated, was surrounded by creeks and marshes, and the
causeway in its rear ran along the river to Battery island, and thence
by causeway to James island. Battery island was immediately on the
river and was also strongly fortified. General Pemberton was satisfied
that the Federal boats could run by both forts, and with their superior
guns command the approach from James island so effectually as to make
it impossible to send relief to either point. In this view of the
situation he was fortified by the judgment of General Lee. Possessing
the courage of his military convictions, the heavy guns from both
positions were removed early in May, and by General Ripley's order were
put in position at Elliott's cut and on the lines east of James Island
creek. Cole's island was occupied by a battalion of the Twenty-fourth
South Carolina volunteer infantry, in observation, under Lieut.-Col.
Ellison Capers, with instructions to prevent barges or small boats
entering the Stono, or landing detachments on either Cole's or Battery
island.
How far Major-General Pemberton communicated his views respecting the
immediate defense of Charleston to his subordinates or to Governor
Pickens, is not known, but to General Lee he wrote, on May 21st, after
the gunboats had entered the Stono and anchored off Battery island,
that he favored the abandonment of Forts Sumter and Moultrie and the
defense of Charleston from the city itself. This remarkable judgment
was expressed to General Lee in an official letter dated at Charleston,
May 21, 1862, addressed to Col. A. L. Long, military secretary. The
following are extracts:
I don't suppose there is any immediate intention of attacking
Charleston.... Our land defenses on James island, however, are very
strong. The battery constructed at Elliott's cut, on Stono river
(not yet entirely completed), mounts only eight guns. I desire to
make it twenty, but under present arrangements cannot effect it.
[This battery, gradually strengthened, became a splendid fort, and
as its history will show, did gallant service against repeated
attacks. It was named Fort Pemberton, in honor of the major-general
commanding.] I do not regard Charleston as strong. What under the old
system of warfare was our strength, is now our great weakness. The
many approaches by water and the recent proof of the practicability
of their gunboats passing our batteries [Port Royal] have made the
defense of this city a very difficult problem to solve. To obstruct
2,000 yards of channel (and this with relation to the forts, Sumter
and Moultrie, is decided upon as the most feasible) looks almost like
an impossibility. Every effort, however, is being made to accomplish
it. I am decidedly of the opinion that the most effectual defense of
the city of Charleston can and should be made from and around the
city itself. I believe that when the enemy is prepared to assault the
forts at the entrance of the harbor, he will do so with such force and
with such appliances as will reduce it to a question of time only.
Our great reliance being in these works, when they fall our means of
defense will be inadequate to hold the city; but with the guns now
within their walls, I am satisfied that however great might be the
injury to the city itself from bombardment, his fleet could be kept
from polluting its streets. This has been for some time my opinion,
and I am glad to find many gentlemen of eminence and intelligence who
entirely concur with me.... The forts should not only be dismounted,
but destroyed. They will be of no use after the termination of this
war in their present condition, for I take it, impregnable ironclad
batteries must take the place of stone and mortar. I propose this
subject for the serious consideration of the department.
These views of General Pemberton were certainly known to the "eminent
gentlemen" who agreed in them, but they were not shared by Governor
Pickens and his able council, nor by the military, nor by the citizens
generally. Forts Sumter and Moultrie, garrisoned by well drilled and
disciplined soldiers, commanded by accomplished and gallant officers,
were the pride and hope of old Charleston, as they stood on either side
of her great sea gate equipped and eager for her defense. Their history
was destined to prove how well this confidence was placed.
Members of the governor's council addressed a communication to General
Pemberton, which expressed the apprehensions as well as the fixed
purpose of the State authorities. The members of the council proposed
to the general specific interrogatories, to which they asked, in
the most respectful terms, his immediate reply. He was asked: (1)
If in the event of his determining, for military considerations, to
retire the Confederate troops from Charleston, would he consider it
an interference with his authority for the governor and council to
undertake its defense? (2) Would he be willing to advise the governor
and council in such an emergency? (3) Would he be willing to give any
assistance in his power?
General Pemberton replied promptly, assuring the gentlemen who had
addressed him the interrogations of his appreciation of the situation
and of his hearty willingness to promote in any way the defense of the
city, and asking that any plans for defensive works undertaken by the
governor and council be submitted to him. Meanwhile he was doing all
in his power to strengthen the defenses on James island and to hold
his forces well in hand to be concentrated at the point of attack.
General Pemberton had under his command for the defense of Charleston
and on the line of the Charleston & Savannah railroad, about 20,000
effectives, and in the department of Georgia about 10,000 from which he
could draw reinforcements in the event of an attack on Charleston.
General Hunter, commanding the Federal forces in South Carolina,
reported an aggregate of 16,989 effectives, stationed along the coast
from Tybee, Ga., to Edisto island. These troops were commanded by
Brigadier-Generals Benham, Viele, Stevens, Wright and Gilmore, and were
mainly concentrated on Daufuskie island, at Hilton Head and Beaufort,
and on Edisto island. The Federal force was greatly overestimated
by the Confederates, and it was believed that an army of at least
25,000 or 30,000 could be thrown upon James or John's island in an
advance upon Charleston from that direction, while a powerful fleet of
armored vessels might be expected to attack by the harbor. The Federal
commander, with a similar overestimate of the Confederate forces,
wrote to Washington in the latter part of April, 1862, rating General
Pemberton's forces as follows: At Savannah, 30,000; at Charleston,
25,000; at Augusta, 10,000; a total of 65,000! He was doubtless better
informed by the intelligent crew of the Planter, and then determined
upon the occupation of James island.
The Planter was stolen by her negro crew on the 13th of May, and two
gunboats entered the Stono on the 20th following. The channel was open,
the guns were all gone from the forts on Cole's and Battery islands,
and the gunboats threw their 11-inch shells with perfect impunity
on the right and left as they ran up the river. They anchored beyond
Battery island, which would have effectually cut off the retreat of
the battalion under Colonel Capers, if no other means of escape had
been provided. By the energy and forethought of Col. C. H. Stevens,
commanding the Twenty-fourth volunteers, an interior causeway had
been thrown up, and bridges built, running from Cole's island to
James island, right through the marsh and over the creeks, and by
this causeway Colonel Capers retreated without the loss of a man,
having burned the military barracks at Fort Palmetto and removed the
small supply of stores. It was now evident that the Federals planned
a lodgment on James island, for the number of their boats increased
gradually in the river, and on the 2d of June, General Benham landed a
part of his command at Battery island, under Brig.-Gen. I. I. Stevens.
Here they were secure under the guns of the fleet in the Stono. By June
5th another division under Gen. H. G. Wright, having marched across
Seabrook and John's island from North Edisto, had crossed the Stono
from Legaréville to Grimball's on James island. These two divisions
constituted the force of General Benham, that of Wright covering his
left on the Stono, and that of Stevens his right, immediately in
front of Secessionville. The gunboats in the Stono, firing by signals
from the Federal camps and advance pickets, enfiladed their front and
afforded effective support.
On the early morning of June 3d, the day after General Stevens had
landed, the first affair of the James island campaign took place. The
One Hundredth Pennsylvania regiment had been advanced as far as the
causeway crossing the marsh at Rivers' place, where the Charleston
Riflemen and the Beauregard light infantry, Lieutenant Lynch and
Captain White commanding, were on outpost duty. On the causeway
in their front, three seacoast 24-pounder howitzers, of Captain
Chichester's battery, were bogged so badly in an attempt to take them
across, the evening before, that they had been left in this position,
and were now covered by the rifles of the Pennsylvanians.
Lieut.-Col. Ellison Capers, with four companies of the Twenty-fourth
volunteers, was sent before day, on the 3d, to extricate the guns. He
found Captain White and Lieutenant Lynch holding the Federal regiment
in check, and, ordering them to join his command, at once made his
dispositions for attack. A sharp conflict in the pines beyond the
causeway drove the enemy back to the cover of a ditch and bank beyond,
and this position being assaulted and carried, the Federals fell back
across an old field and took shelter in a row of negro houses at
Legaré's place. At this point of the engagement, Lieut.-Col. P. C.
Gaillard, commanding the Charleston battalion, came up to the support
of Colonel Capers. The following is his report to Colonel Capers of the
affair which followed his arrival:
Learning on Tuesday morning, the 3d instant, that you were engaged
with the enemy at Legaré's, and that they were in larger force than
yourself, I assembled the five companies of my battalion (one, the
Charleston Riflemen, being already with you) to reinforce you.... Soon
after joining, you called upon me for three companies to join in a
charge upon the buildings occupied by the enemy. The Irish Volunteers,
Sumter Guards and Calhoun Guards were designated for that duty, and
well did they respond.... I joined in the charge also, but seeing you
up with them, I fell back (by your order) to take charge of the line
in rear.
The three companies named above, with the Evans Guard of the
Twenty-fourth volunteers, the Charleston Riflemen and Beauregard
light infantry, were led in the charge on the houses by their gallant
officers, Captain Gooding, Lieutenant Lynch, Captain Ryan, Captain
White, Lieut. Ward Hopkins and Captain Miles, and stormed and silenced
the Federals at the houses. Some of them surrendered, but most
retreated to their supports in the direction of Battery island. The
gunboats, in full view in the Stono, opened a fire on the Confederates,
and the enemy's supports, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts and Eighth
Michigan, coming rapidly up, a retreat was ordered, and with a Federal
captain and 20 other prisoners, Colonel Capers fell back to the
position held by Colonel Gaillard. The enemy did not advance further
than Legaré's, and the affair was over. The adjutant of the Charleston
battalion, Lieut. Henry Walker, was wounded at the houses and fell into
the enemy's hands. In this affair 9 men of the Twenty-fourth and 8 of
the Charleston battalion were wounded.
The engagement just described, and a reconnoissance in front of
Grimball's on the 10th of June, gallantly made by the Forty-seventh
Georgia regiment, fully developed the positions and force of the
Federal army on James island. General Pemberton was active and
efficient in strengthening the lines of defense and in concentrating
troops on the island. By June 15th a force fully equal to that of
the Federal army was encamped behind the batteries, and on the lines
of defense from Fort Pemberton on the Stono, at Elliott's, cut, to
Secessionville on the extreme east, under Brig.-Gens. N. G. Evans, W.
D. Smith and S. R. Gist, the former in chief command. Col. Johnson
Hagood, First volunteers, commanded the advance guard, composed of
his own regiment, the Twenty-fourth, Col. C. H. Stevens; the Eutaw
battalion, Lieut.-Col. C. H. Simonton, and the Fourth Louisiana
battalion, Lieut.-Col. J. McEnery. This force was encamped outside
the line of defense, and was charged with guarding the front of the
Confederate line, except the immediate front of Secessionville, which
was protected by its own outposts.
Secessionville is situated on a peninsula cut from the east side of the
island by an arm of Lighthouse creek, a bold tidewater stream which
empties into the harbor of Charleston, east of Fort Johnson. At the
point of the peninsula of Secessionville where the battery was erected,
the peninsula is narrowest, probably not more than half regimental
front, and on either side of it run the tidewaters of Lighthouse creek
and Big Folly creek, bordered by impracticable marshes. The banks of
the peninsula in front and in rear of the battery were fringed by a
thick growth of myrtle bushes. Col. T. G. Lamar was in command of the
fort at Secessionville (afterward called Fort Lamar, in his honor) and
its infantry supports. The garrison consisted of Companies I and B of
Lamar's regiment of South Carolina artillery, Capts. G. D. Keitt and
Samuel J. Reid; and the infantry support was composed of two battalions
of infantry, the Charleston battalion, Lieut.-Col. P. C. Gaillard, and
the Pee Dee battalion, Lieut.-Col. A. D. Smith. The battery mounted
an 8-inch columbiad, two 24-pounder rifles, several 18-pounders, and
a mortar. A gunboat battery on the east bank, anchored in Big Folly
creek, and commanded by Capt. F. N. Bonneau, would have been an
effective ally, had not its guns just been moved on shore to be added
to those of the fort.
In the early morning of June 16th, the Secessionville picket was
on duty at Rivers' place, a mile in front of the fort, and the
Twenty-fourth, with six companies of the First South Carolina and one
of the Forty-seventh Georgia, was covering the front of the east lines,
under command of Col. C. H. Stevens. In the fort a gun detachment was
awake and on the watch, but the remainder of the garrison was fast
asleep.
At 1 o'clock a. m., Gen. N. G. Evans had started 100 picked men from
Colonel Goodlett's Twenty-second regiment, under Capt. Joshua Jamison,
as a fatigue party, to go over the bridge to Fort Lamar and assist in
mounting Captain Bonneau's guns in the fort. These men reached the fort
about daylight. Just at dawn the Secessionville picket was surprised
and several of them captured. The main picket force ran in and gave
the first notice to Lamar of the enemy's rapid advance on his position.
The garrison was aroused and at the guns and on the flanks just in
time to meet the gallant assault of the Eighth Michigan, Seventh
Connecticut, Seventy-ninth New York, Twenty-eighth Massachusetts, One
Hundredth Pennsylvania and Forty-sixth New York, with Rockwell's and
Strahan's light batteries and a company of engineers. The six regiments
were moved forward in two lines, both under the immediate direction of
Gen. I. I. Stevens, and each commanded by its senior colonel. As they
advanced the peninsula narrowed, and when within short range of the
works, the left regiment of the front line, the Seventh Connecticut,
was crowded into the marsh. Just at this juncture Lamar fired the
8-inch columbiad charged with canister, and in rapid succession the
24's and 18's, and the mortar opened. The whole line wavered and was
broken in some confusion. Urged on by their officers, the Connecticut,
Michigan and New York regiments pressed forward, the latter two in
larger numbers gaining ground. Groups of men and officers of these
two regiments gained the ditch and both flanks of the work, and some
of them mounted the work. They were met by the galling fire of the
infantry of Gaillard and Smith, and were either killed or captured.
Meanwhile the 100 men under Jamison, sent to mount Bonneau's guns,
arrived and promptly took their places on the parapet, adding their
rifles to the fire of the Charleston and Pee Dee battalions.
A number of the assaulting force, moving along the marsh under cover
of the myrtle bushes, gained a lodgment on the right flank and in rear
of the work, and were doing serious execution by their fire, hid as
they were, and shielded by the bank of the peninsula. But they were
soon dislodged by the rifles of the Fourth Louisiana battalion, sent
by Colonel Hagood to reinforce the garrison as soon as he learned that
the fort was being attacked. The Louisianians coming up at a run were
promptly put into position by their gallant commander, Colonel McEnery,
and drove the Federals from the myrtles into the marsh or out into
the field. Two 24-pounders, in battery on the west flank of the fort
and west of the creek and marsh, had been silent up to this moment.
Colonel Hagood, who had moved promptly down the Battery Island road to
check any advance by that way, and protect the right front of the fort,
noting the silence of the flank battery, dispatched Lieutenant-Colonel
Capers to open the fire of these guns. Finding a small detachment of
Lamar's artillery at the guns, under Lieutenant Kitching, a prompt and
gallant response to the order to open fire was made, and under the
direction of Colonel Capers solid shot and shell were delivered along
the line of the myrtles, and into the regiments vainly endeavoring to
form on the field in front of the work. The sun was now fully up and
Lamar's victory was achieved, though both sides continued to fire until
the Federal regiments had withdrawn from range.
During the assault upon the fort, a column of forty companies of
infantry, two batteries of artillery and a squadron of cavalry, about
2,500 strong, under Brigadier-General Wright, advanced along the
Battery Island road and up the west side of Lighthouse creek, as a
covering force for the protection of the left and rear of the troops
assaulting Secessionville. This force was made up of the Third New
Hampshire, and companies of the Third Rhode Island, Ninety-seventh
Pennsylvania, Sixth Connecticut, Forty-seventh New York, Forty-fifth
Pennsylvania, and First New York engineers. The advance of Hagood down
the Battery Island road, with a portion of the First and Twenty-fourth
South Carolina and the Eutaw battalion, brought him in contact with
General Wright's advance, which he checked and repelled. The Eutaw
battalion was placed behind an obstruction of felled timber on the
east of the road, and four companies of the Twenty-fourth still
further to the left and immediately in front of the enemy's advance.
One piece of Boyce's battery, under Lieutenant Jeter, was put in
position immediately on the right of the Twenty-fourth and the four
companies of the First south of the road. Jeter opened fire on the
enemy, in full view at Hill's place, and immediately Wright's artillery
replied, shelling the whole front of Hagood's force and throwing solid
shot at Jeter's gun. The Third Rhode Island advanced to charge the
position, but was handsomely repulsed by Colonels Stevens and Simonton
and the effective fire of Jeter. By this time the contest in front
of Secessionville having been determined, General Wright retired his
troops to their intrenched positions, and the battle of Secessionville
was ended.
After the first repulse, the fort was again in danger from the fire
of infantry and artillery in its rear and right flank by a portion
of Wright's column, which had marched up the west bank of Lighthouse
creek and were in position south and east of Hill's negro houses. It
was this force that McEnery attacked as he came up, firing at short
range across the creek. They were ultimately driven off by the fire of
the 24-pounders in front of Clark's house, above alluded to, and by
Hagood's troops. The latter were well posted, and when assaulted easily
repulsed the attack. Lieutenant Jeter with his guns did good service in
this affair; indeed, the position of General Wright's column at Hill's
houses, though for a short time it took the work at Secessionville in
flank and rear, was between the infantry fire of McEnery at the fort
and Hagood's force and the 24-pounder battery at Clark's house. If
Colonel Hagood had had his whole advance guard under his command, with
Boyce's entire battery, he could have moved immediately against General
Wright's column, striking him in flank and rear. On the contrary, if
Wright had known that Hagood had with him only the total strength of a
good regiment, with one piece of artillery, he would doubtless have
attacked with his entire force instead of with a portion of the Rhode
Island regiment only.
The force assaulting the fort numbered, of all arms, 3,562. It was
defended by two companies of artillery, three battalions of infantry,
and 100 picked men under Captain Jamison, a total of less than 1,000
men. Wright's column could not have been less than 2,500 to 3,000 of
all arms. Hagood's force did not exceed 700 men, with one piece of
artillery. The Confederate troops actually engaged did not exceed 1,800.
General Stevens reported a loss of 529 men and officers in his
assaulting column; General Wright, 129; making an aggregate of 658.
Colonel Hagood took 12 prisoners and counted 12 dead in front of
Colonel Stevens' four companies, and 8 in front of the Eutaw battalion.
More than the number reported by General Stevens were buried on the
field, and while that general reports 1 officer and 30 men made
prisoners, by actual count the Confederates took 65 wounded and 42
unwounded prisoners. The total Federal loss could not have been less
than 750 to 800.
The Confederates lost in killed, wounded and missing, 204 officers and
men, as follows: Forty-seventh Georgia, 1 killed; Fourth Louisiana,
6 killed, 22 wounded; Lamar's artillery, 15 killed, 39 wounded, 1
missing; Charleston battalion, 10 killed, 40 wounded, 2 missing; Pee
Dee battalion, 3 killed, 23 wounded, 3 missing; First volunteers, 1
wounded; Twenty-second volunteers, 10 killed, 8 wounded; Twenty-fourth
volunteers, 3 killed, 7 wounded, 2 missing; Eutaw battalion, 4 killed,
14 wounded; total, 5 officers and 47 men killed, 12 officers and 132
men wounded, 8 missing; aggregate 204.
Among the gallant dead were Capt. Henry C. King and Lieut. John J.
Edwards, of the Charleston battalion; Capt. Samuel J. Reed, of Lamar's
artillery; Lieut. Richard W. Greer, of the Eutaw battalion, and
Lieut. B. A. Graham, of the Forty-seventh Georgia. Colonel Lamar and
Lieutenant-Colonel Gaillard were both wounded severely. Also among the
wounded were Captain Walker, of the Fourth Louisiana; Capts. J. A.
Blake, F. T. Miles and R. P. Smith, and Lieuts. J. W. Axson, George
Brown, John Burke and F. R. Lynch of the Charleston battalion; Lieut.
J. G. Beatty of the Pee Dee battalion; Lieut. F. W. Andrews of the
Twenty-fourth, and Lieut. Samuel J. Berger of the Eutaw battalion.
It was a gallant assault on the part of the Federals and came near
being a complete surprise. But for the heroic conduct of the garrison
in standing to their guns, and the persistent and gallant support of
the Charleston and Pee Dee battalions and Jamison's men, who fought on
the parapet and on the flanks, the Michigan and New York regiments and
the Seventh Connecticut would have swarmed over the work at the first
assault, closely followed by their supports.
The news of the victory at Secessionville was heralded to every quarter
of the State and the Confederacy, and filled the hearts of soldiers and
people with joy and thanksgiving. General Pemberton congratulated the
troops engaged in orders, and especially acknowledged the heroism and
ability of Lamar and his garrison. In published orders, the following
officers and soldiers were specially mentioned for good conduct: Col.
T. G. Lamar, Lieut.-Cols. P. C. Gaillard, A. D. Smith, John McEnery
and Ellison Capers; Majs. David Ramsay and J. H. Hudson; Capts. Samuel
J. Reed, Henry C. King, F. T. Miles, G. D. Keitt, W. W. McCreery, F.
N. Bonneau, R. E. Elliott, S. J. Corrie, H. W. Carr, Joshua Jamison,
Samuel S. Tompkins and W. H. Ryan; Asst. Surg. James Evans; Lieutenants
Hall and Matthews, C. S. N.; Adjt. E. J. Frederick; Lieuts. W. H.
Rodgers, J. B. Kitching, J. B. Humbert, W. S. Barton, J. W. Moseley,
T. P. Oliver, John A. Bellinger, W. M. Johnson, J. W. Lancaster, L.
S. Hill, H. H. Sally, J. B. Cobb, William Beckham, George Brown, A. A.
Allemand, James Campbell and R. A. Blum; Sergt. W. H. Hendricks, and
Privates Joseph Tennent, J. Campbell Martin, and T. Grange Simons, Jr.
Maj. David Ramsay, who succeeded to the command of the Charleston
battalion on the wounding of Lieutenant-Colonel Gaillard, closes his
brief report with this appropriate and just tribute, applicable to
each of the commands engaged in the battle of Secessionville. "I have
mentioned those especially noticeable, but can only repeat that I
refrain from enumerating others because it would be to furnish a roll
of those engaged."
Signally repulsed at Secessionville, and convinced of the strength of
the line of defense across the island, the Federal commander-in-chief
abandoned the campaign, evacuated James island the last of June, and
aggregated the main portion of his troops at Hilton Head, Beaufort and
North Edisto. There were left only the gunboats in the lower Stono,
and the blockading fleet off the bar to menace Charleston. The troops
which had reinforced the command of General Gist on James island were
returned to their former stations on the coast and at Savannah, and the
heroes of Secessionville were toasted on every hand.
During the remainder of the summer, several affairs occurred along the
coast which illustrated the watchfulness and gallantry of the South
Carolina soldiers. An expedition to Fenwick's island was organized and
successfully conducted by Maj. R. J. Jeffords, commanding the Sixth
battalion South Carolina cavalry, and the enemy's positions in the
surrounding waters and on the adjacent islands fully reported to Col.
W. S. Walker, commanding the Third district. On the 14th of August, the
Federal gunboats, having entered Winyaw bay, steamed up Black river
as far as Mrs. Sparkman's plantation, 20 miles above Georgetown. Maj.
W. P. Emanuel, commanding in that quarter, with a section of Wood's
battery and all his troops south of the river, marched at once to Mrs.
Sparkman's and boldly attacked the boats with rifles and battery. The
enemy's force that had landed was compelled to re-embark, and the boats
soon steamed down the river, shelling the banks on their way. Major
Emanuel threw his mounted infantry forward at every available bluff,
and gave the boats a spirited fight on their return to Georgetown. A
picket force on Pinckney island was surprised and captured at dawn
of the 21st of August, by Captains Elliott and Mickler. This was an
incursion far into the enemy's lines, and at the risk of being cut off
by his gunboats, which were in the immediate vicinity. The lieutenant
commanding the Federal picket was killed, with 14 of his men, and 36
were captured, 4 of whom were wounded. The expedition left Bear island
in nine boats, 120 strong, detachments from the Eleventh volunteers,
Captains Mickler, Leadbetter and Wescoat commanding, and from the
Beaufort artillery, Lieutenant Stuart commanding, the whole directed by
Capts. Stephen Elliott and John H. Mickler. The affair was well planned
and gallantly executed, with the loss of only 8 men wounded on the part
of the Confederates.