_WORKSHOP EXPERIENCE._
To urge the necessity of learning practical fitting as a part of
an engineering education is superfluous. A mechanical engineer who
has not been "through the shop" can never expect to attain success,
nor command the respect even of the most inferior workmen; without
a power of influencing and controlling others, he is neither
fitted to direct construction, nor to manage details of any kind
connected with engineering industry. There is nothing that more
provokes a feeling of resentment in the mind of a skilled man than
to meet with those who have attempted to qualify themselves in the
theoretical and commercial details of engineering work, and then
assume to direct labour which they do not understand; nor is a
skilled man long in detecting an engineer of this class; a dozen
words in conversation upon any mechanical subject is generally
enough to furnish a clue to the amount of practical knowledge
possessed by the speaker.
As remarked in a previous place, no one can expect to prepare
successful designs for machinery, who does not understand the
details of its construction; he should know how each piece is
moulded, forged, turned, planed, or bored, and the relative cost of
these processes by the different methods which may be adopted.
An engineer may direct and control work without a knowledge of
practical fitting, but such control is merely a commercial one, and
cannot of course extend to mechanical details which are generally
the vital part; the obedience that may thus be enforced in
controlling others is not to be confounded with the respect which a
superior knowledge of work commands.
A gain from learning practical fitting is the confidence which
such knowledge inspires in either the direction of work or the
preparation of plans for machinery. An engineer who hesitates in
his plans for fear of criticism, or who does not feel a perfect
confidence in them, will never achieve much success.
Improvements, which have totally changed machine fitting during
thirty years past, have been of a character to dispense in a great
measure with hand skill, and supplant it with what may be termed
mental skill. The mere physical effect produced by a man's hands
has steadily diminished in value, until it has now almost come
to be reckoned in foot-pounds; but the necessity for practical
knowledge instead of being diminished is increased.
Formerly an apprentice entered a shop to learn hand skill, and to
acquaint himself with a number of mysterious processes; to learn
a series of arbitrary rules which might serve to place him at a
disadvantage even with those whose capacity was inferior and who
had less education; but now the whole is changed. An engineer
apprentice enters the shop with a confidence that he may learn
whatever the facilities afford if he will put forth the required
efforts; there are no mysteries to be solved; nearly all problems
are reached and explained by science, leaving a greater share
of the shop-time of a learner to be devoted to studying what is
special.
This change in engineering pursuits has also produced a change in
the workmen almost as thorough as in manipulation. A man who deals
with special knowledge only and feels that the secrets of his
calling are not governed by systematic rules, by which others may
qualify themselves without his assistance, is always more or less
narrow-minded and ignorant. The nature of his relations to others
makes him so; of this no better proof is wanted than to contrast
the intelligence of workmen who are engaged in what may be termed
exclusive callings with people whose pursuits are regulated by
general rules and principles. A machinist of modern times, having
outgrown this exclusive idea, has been raised thereby to a social
position confessedly superior to that of most other mechanics, so
that shop association once so dreaded by those who would otherwise
have become mechanics, is no longer an obstacle.
Some hints will now be given relating to apprentice experience in a
workshop, such matters being selected as are most likely to be of
interest and use to a learner.
Upon entering a shop the first thing to be done is to gain the
confidence and the respect of the manager or foreman who has charge
of the work; to gain such confidence and respect is different
from, and has nothing to do with, social relations and must depend
wholly upon what transpires in the works. To inspire the confidence
of a friend one must be kind, faithful, and honourable; but to
command the confidence of a foreman one must be punctual, diligent,
and intelligent. There are no more kindly sentiments than those
which may be founded on a regard for industry and earnest effort.
A learner may have the misfortune to break tools, spoil work,
and fail in every way to satisfy himself, yet if he is punctual,
diligent, and manifests an interest in the work, his misfortunes
will not cause unkind resentment.
It must always be remembered that what is to be learned should not
be estimated according to a learner's ideas of its importance. A
manager and workmen generally look upon fitting as one of the most
honourable and intelligent of pursuits, deserving of the respect
and best efforts of an apprentice; and while a learner may not
think it a serious thing to make a bad fit, or to meet with an
accident, his estimate is not the one to judge from. The least
word or act which will lead workmen to think that an apprentice is
indifferent, at once destroys interest in his success, and cuts off
one of the main sources from which information may be derived.
An apprentice in entering the workshop should avoid everything
tending to an appearance of fastidiousness, either of manner or
dress; nothing is more repulsive to workmen, and it may be added,
nothing is more out of place in a machine shop than to divide one's
time between the work and an attempt to keep clean. An effort to
keep as neat as the nature of the work will admit is at all times
right, but to dress in clothing not appropriate, or to allow a fear
of grease to interfere with the performance of work, is sure to
provoke derision.
The art of keeping reasonably clean even in a machine shop is worth
studying; some men are greased from head to foot in a few hours, no
matter what their work may be; while others will perform almost any
kind of work, and keep clean without sacrificing convenience in the
least. This difference is the result of habits readily acquired and
easily retained.
Punctuality costs nothing, and buys a great deal; a learner who
reaches the shop a quarter of an hour before starting time, and
spends that time in looking about, manifests thereby an interest
in the work, and avails himself of an important privilege, one of
the most effectual in gaining shop knowledge. Ten minutes spent
in walking about, noting the changes wrought in the work from day
to day, furnishes constant material for thought, and acquaints a
learner with many things which would otherwise escape attention.
It requires, however, no little care and discrimination to avoid
a kind of resentment which workmen feel in having their work
examined, especially if they have met with an accident or made
a mistake, and when such inspection is thought to be prompted by
curiosity only. The better plan in such cases is to ask permission
to examine work in such a way that no one will hear the request
except the person addressed; such an application generally will
secure both consent and explanation.
Politeness is as indispensable to a learner in a machine shop as
it is to a gentleman in society. The character of the courtesy may
be modified to suit the circumstances and the person, but still it
is courtesy. An apprentice may understand differential calculus,
but a workman may understand how to bore a steam cylinder; and in
the workman's estimation a problem in calculus is a trivial thing
to understand compared with the boring of a steam engine cylinder.
Under these circumstances, if a workman is not allowed to balance
some of his knowledge against politeness, an apprentice is placed
at a disadvantage.
Questions and answers constitute the principal medium for acquiring
technical information, and engineering apprentices should carefully
study the philosophy of questions and answers, just as he does
the principles of machinery. Without the art of questioning but
slow progress will be made in learning shop manipulation. A proper
question is one which the person asked will understand, and the
answer be understood when it is given; not an easy rule, but a
correct one. The main point is to consider questions before they
are asked; make them relevant to the work in hand, and not too
many. To ask frequent questions, is to convey an impression that
the answers are not considered, an inference which is certainly
a fair one, if the questions relate to a subject demanding some
consideration. If a man is asked one minute what diametrical pitch
means, and the next minute how much cast iron shrinks in cooling,
he is very apt to be disgusted, and think the second question not
worth answering.
It is important, in asking questions, to consider the mood and
present occupation of the person addressed; one question asked
when a man's mind is not too much occupied, and when he is in a
communicative humour, is worth a dozen questions asked when he is
engaged, and not disposed to talk.
It is a matter of courtesy in the usages of a shop, and one of
expediency to a learner, to ask questions from those who are
presumed to be best informed on the subject to which the questions
relate; and it is equally a matter of courtesy to ask questions
of different workmen, being careful, however, never to ask two
different persons the same question, nor questions that may call
out conflicting answers.
There is not a more generous or kindly feeling in the world than
that with which a skilled mechanic will share his knowledge with
those who have gained his esteem, and who he thinks merit and
desire the aid that he can give.
An excellent plan to retain what is learned, is to make notes.
There is nothing will assist the memory more in learning mechanics
than to write down facts as they are learned, even if such
memoranda are never referred to after they are made.
It is not intended to recommend writing down rules or tables
relating to shop manipulation so much as facts which require remark
or comment to impress them on the memory; writing notes not only
assists in committing the subjects to memory, but cultivates a
power of composing technical descriptions, a very necessary part of
an engineering education. Specifications for engineering work are a
most difficult kind of composition and may be made long, tedious,
and irrelevant, or concise and lucid.
There are also a large number of conventional phrases and endless
technicalities to be learned, and to write them will assist in
committing them to memory and decide their orthography.
In making notes, as much as possible of what is written should be
condensed into brief formulæ, a form of expression which is fast
becoming the written language of machine shops. Reading formulæ
is in a great degree a matter of habit, like studying mechanical
drawings; that which at the beginning is a maze of complexity,
after a time becomes intelligible and clear at a glance.
Upon entering the shop, a learner will generally, to use a shop
phrase, "be introduced to a hammer and chisel;" he will, perhaps,
regard these hand tools with a kind of contempt. Seeing other
operations carried on by power, and the machines in charge of
skilled men, he is likely to esteem chipping and filing as of but
little importance and mainly intended for keeping apprentices
employed. But long after, when a score of years has been added to
his experience, the hammer, chisel, and file, will remain the most
crucial test of his hand skill, and after learning to manipulate
power tools of all kinds in the most thorough manner, a few blows
with a chipping hammer, or a half-dozen strokes with a file, will
not only be a more difficult test of skill, but one most likely to
be met with.
To learn to chip and file is indispensable, if for no other
purpose, to be able to judge of the proficiency of others or
to instruct them. Chipping and filing are purely matters of
hand skill, tedious to learn, but when once acquired, are never
forgotten. The use of a file is an interesting problem to study,
and one of no little intricacy; in filing across a surface one inch
wide, with a file twelve inches long, the pressure required at each
end to guide it level may change at each stroke from nothing to
twenty pounds or more; the nice sense of feeling which determines
this is a matter of habit acquired by long practice. It is a wonder
indeed that true surfaces can be made with a file, or even that a
file can be used at all, except for rough work.
If asked for advice as to the most important object for an
apprentice to aim at in beginning his fitting course, nine out
of ten experienced men will say, "to do work well." As power
is measured by force and velocity, work is measured by the two
conditions of skill and time. The first consideration being, how
well a thing may be done, and secondly, in how short a time may it
be performed; the skill spent on a piece of work is the measure of
its worth; if work is badly executed, it makes no difference how
short the time of performance has been; this can add nothing to the
value of what is done although the expense is diminished.
A learner is apt to reverse this proposition at the beginning, and
place time before skill, but if he will note what passes around
him, it will be seen that criticism is always first directed to the
character of work performed. A manager does not ask a workman how
long a time was consumed in preparing a piece of work until its
character has been passed upon; in short, the quality of work is
its mechanical standard, and the time consumed in preparing work
is its commercial standard. A job is never properly done when the
workman who performed it can see faults, and in machine fitting,
as a rule, the best skill that can be applied is no more than the
conditions call for; so that the first thing to be learned is to
perform work well, and afterwards to perform it rapidly.
Good fitting is often not so much a question of skill as of the
standard which a workman has fixed in his mind, and to which all
that he does will more or less conform. If this standard is one
of exactness and precision, all that is performed, whether it be
filing, turning, planing, or drawing, will come to this standard.
This faculty of mind can be defined no further than to say that
it is an aversion to whatever is imperfect, and a love for what
is exact and precise. There is no faculty which has so much to do
with success in mechanical pursuits, nor is there any trait more
susceptible of cultivation. Methodical exactness, reasoning, and
persistence are the powers which lead to proficiency in engineering
pursuits.
There is, perhaps, no more fitting conclusion to these suggestions
for apprentices than a word about health and strength. It was
remarked in connection with the subject of drawing, that the powers
of a mechanical engineer were to be measured by his education
and mental abilities, no more than by his vitality and physical
strength, a proposition which it will be well for an apprentice to
keep in mind.
One not accustomed to manual labour will, after commencing, find
his limbs aching, his hands sore; he will feel exhausted both
at the beginning and at the end of a day's work. These are not
dangerous symptoms. He has only to wait until his system is built
up so as to sustain this new draught upon its resources, and
until nature furnishes a power of endurance, which will in the
end be a source of pride, and add a score of years to life. Have
plenty of sleep, plenty of plain, substantial food, keep the skin
clean and active, laugh at privations, and cultivate a spirit
of self-sacrifice and a pride in endurance that will court the
hardest and longest efforts. An apprentice who has not the spirit
and firmness to endure physical labour, and adapt himself to the
conditions of a workshop, should select some pursuit of a nature
less aggressive than mechanical engineering.
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The Mechanician and Constructor for Engineers,
comprising Forging, Planing, Lining, Slotting, Shaping,
Turning, Screw Cutting, etc., by Cameron Knight,
_illustrated by 96_ 4to _plates, containing 1147 illustrations,
and 397 pages of letterpress_, 4to, cloth £2 10 0
Or, half-bound French morocco 2 12 6
Mechanics.
The Essential Elements of Practical Mechanics, based
on the principle of work, designed for Engineering
Students, by Oliver Byrne, formerly Professor of
Mathematics, College for Civil Engineers, second
edition, _illustrated by numerous wood engravings_,
post 8vo, cloth 7 6
Mechanics.
The Principles of Mechanics and their Application to
Prime Movers, Naval Architecture, Iron Bridges, Water
Supply, etc., by W. J. Millar, C.E., Secretary to the
Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders, Scotland,
crown 8vo, cloth 4 6
Metric Weights and Measures.
Scales for the Ready Comparison of British and
Metric Weights and Measures, by A. L. Newdigate,
M.A., in neat cloth case 5 0
Military Terms.
A Handy Dictionary of Military Terms, by Major W.
W. Knollys, F.R.G.S., 93rd Sutherland Highlanders,
Garrison Instructor, Home District, etc., 18mo, cloth 2 0
Mill Gearing.
A Practical Treatise on Mill Gearing, Wheels, Shafts,
Riggers, etc., for the use of Engineers, by Thomas Box,
post 8vo, cloth, _with 8 plates_ 5 0
Millwright's Guide.
The Practical Millwright's and Engineer's Ready
Reckoner, or Tables for finding the diameter and power
of cog-wheels, diameter, weight, and power of shafts,
diameter and strength of bolts, etc., by Thomas Dixon,
fourth edition, 12mo, cloth 3 0
Mine Engineering.
A Practical Treatise on Coal Mining, by George G.
André, Mining Civil Engineer, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E.,
_numerous plates_, 2 vols., royal 4to, cloth £3 12 0
Mining.
Records of Mining and Metallurgy; or, Facts and Memoranda
for the use of the Mine Agent and Smelter,
by J. Arthur Phillips and John Darlington, in crown
8vo, cloth, _illustrated with wood engravings_ 4 0
Narrow Gauge Railways.
Narrow Gauge Railways, by C. E. Spooner, C.E.,
F.G.S., _illustrated with 25 folding plates_, 8vo, cloth 12 6
CONTENTS:
Copy of paper read at the "Inventors' Institute" on Narrow
Gauge Railways--the Festiniog Railway--Experiment on the
Festiniog Railway--Captain Tyler's Report--The Railways of the
Future--Advantages gained by Narrow Gauge Railways--Railway
Gauges--Narrow Gauge Rolling Stock--Battle of the Gauges--Indian
Railway Gauges and Rolling Stock, etc.
Pyrology.
Pyrology, or Fire Chemistry; a Science interesting
to the general Philosopher, and an art of infinite
importance to the Chemist, Mineralogist, Metallurgist,
Geologist, Agriculturist, Engineer (Mining, Civil,
and Military), etc., etc., by William Alexander Ross,
lately a Major in the Royal Artillery, _with plates and
woodcuts_, crown 4to, cloth £1 16 0
"A work which we have no hesitation in pronouncing original and
valuable. The author is not a chemist trained in the orthodox
school outside which there is no salvation: for cooked results and
unproved theories he shows very little respect. We can strongly
recommend this book to ANALYSTS, ASSAYERS, MINERALOGISTS, and to
all persons interested in MINING AND METALLURGY."--_Chemical News_,
August 6th, 1875.
Railway Engineering.
Manual of Railway Engineering, for the Field and the
Office, by Charles P. Cotton, C.E., second edition,
revised and enlarged, post 8vo, cloth 7 6
Rennie, Sir John.
The Autobiography of Sir John Rennie, Past-President
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, F.R.S., etc., etc.,
edited by his son, C. G. C. Rennie, _with portrait_, 8vo,
cloth 12 6
Reservoirs.
On the Construction of Catch-water Reservoirs in
Mountain Districts for the supply of Towns, or for
other purposes, by C. H. Beloe, Author of 'The Handbook
of the Liverpool Water-works,' _plates_, 8vo, cloth 5 0
Retaining Walls.
Surcharged and different Forms of Retaining Walls,
by J. S. Tate, _cuts_, 8vo, sewed 2 0
Ropemaking.
A Treatise on Ropemaking as practised in public and
private Rope-yards, with a description of the manufacture,
rules, tables of weights, etc., adapted to the
Trade, Shipping, Mining, Railways, Builders, etc., by
R. Chapman, formerly foreman to Messrs. Huddart and
Co., Limehouse, and late Master Ropemaker to H.M.
Dockyard, Deptford, second edition, 12mo, cloth 3 0
Sanitary Engineering.
A Series of Lectures given before the School of
Engineering, Chatham. Division I. Air. Division II.
Water. Division III. The Dwelling. Division IV.
The Town and Village. Division V. The Disposal of
Sewage. Copiously illustrated. By J. Bailey Denton,
C.E., F.G.S., Honorary Member of the Agricultural
Societies of Norway, Sweden, and Hanover, and author
of the 'Farm Homesteads of England,' 'Storage of
Water,' etc., etc., royal 8vo, cloth 21 0
Sanitary Engineering.
Proceedings of the Association of Municipal and
Sanitary Engineers and Surveyors, Vol. I., 1873-4,
edited by Lewis Angell, Mem. Inst. C.E., F.R.I.B.A.,
etc., etc., 8vo, cloth 10 6
Sewage.
A Handbook of Sewage Utilization, by Ulick Ralph
Burke, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, crown 8vo, cloth 3 6
This work treats: I. Of the evils of the present system of Sewage
Treatment, the Pollution of Water, and the Waste of Manure. II.
Remedies, Privy, and Ash-pit; Eureka System; Milan, Goul, and
Moule's Systems. III. Treatment of Sewage by Chemical means;
Experiments with Lime; Lime and Chloride of Iron; Sulphate of
Ammonia; Holden's Process; Sulphate of Alumina; Persalts of Iron;
Blyth, Lenk, Phosphate, A.B.C., Scott, and Hille Processes;
Filtration. IV. Irrigation. With an APPENDIX, including the Law
relating to Sewage Utilization.
Sewage.
The Sewage Question; on the Treatment and Utilization
of Sewage, the Preparation of Land for Irrigation,
and for Intermittent Downward Filtration, by J. Bailey
Denton, Mem. Inst. C.E., F.G.S., 8vo, sewed 2 0
Silver Mines.
Vazeeri Rupi, the Silver Country of the Vazeers, in
Kulu: its Beauties, Antiquities, and Silver Mines,
including a Trip over the lower Himalayah Range and
Glaciers, by J. Calvert, F.G.S., Mem. Inst. C.E., _illustrated
with a map and coloured plates_, 8vo, cloth 16 0
Slide Valve.
The Slide-Valve practically considered, by N. P.
Burgh, Engineer, fifth edition, _containing 88 illustrations
and 121 pages of letterpress_, crown 8vo, cloth 5 0
Slide Valve. Designing Valve-gearing.
A Treatise on a Practical Method of Designing Slide
Valve Gearing by Simple Geometrical Construction, based
upon the principles enunciated in Euclid's Elements, and
comprising the various forms of Plain Slide Valve and
Expansion Gearing; together with Stephenson's, Gooch's,
and Allan's Link-Motions, as applied either to reversing
or to variable expansion combinations, by Edward J.
Cowling Welch, Memb. Inst. Mechanical Engineers, crown
8vo, cloth 6 0
The system described in this work enables any draughtsman or
foreman to "get out" in a _few minutes_, and with the greatest
precision, all the details of a Slide Valve Gear, without recourse
to models or other similar appliances.
Steam Boilers.
Practical Treatise on Steam Boilers and Boiler Making,
by N. P. Burgh, Mem. Inst. Mec. Eng., _illustrated by
1163 wood engravings and 50 large folding plates of
working drawings_, royal 4to, half-morocco £3 13 6
Steam Engine.
Modern Marine Engineering applied to Paddle and
Screw Propulsion; consisting of _36 plates, 259 wood
engravings_, and 403 pages of descriptive matter, the
whole being an exposition of the present practice of the
following firms: Messrs. J. Penn and Sons; Maudslay,
Sons, and Field; James Watt and Co.; J. and G. Rennie;
R. Napier and Sons; J. and W. Dudgeon; Ravenhill and
Hodgson; Humphreys and Tennant; Mr J. F. Spencer; and
Messrs. Forester and Co. By N. P. Burgh, Engineer, 4to,
cloth £2 5 0
Steam Engine.
Modern Compound Engines, being a Supplement to
Modern Marine Engineering, by N. P. Burgh, Mem.
Inst. Mech. Eng., _numerous large plates of working
drawings_, 4to, cloth 18 0
The following Firms have contributed Working Drawings of their
best and most modern examples of Engines fitted in the Royal
and Mercantile Navies: Messrs. Maudslay, Rennie, Watt, Dudgeon,
Humphreys, Ravenhill, Jackson, Perkins, Napier, Elder, Laird, Day,
Allibon.
Steam Engine.
Practical Treatise on the Condensation of Steam;
contained in 262 pages of letterpress, _and illustrated
with 212 engravings_, by N. P. Burgh, Engineer, super
royal 8vo, cloth £1 5 0
Steam Engine.
Practical Illustrations of Land and Marine Engines,
showing in detail the modern improvements of High and
Low Pressure, Surface Condensation and Superheating,
together with Land and Marine Boilers, by N. P. Burgh,
Engineer, _20 plates in double elephant_, folio, cloth £2 2 0
Steam Engine.
A Pocket-Book of Practical Rules for the Proportions
of Modern Engines and Boilers for Land and Marine
purposes, by N. P. Burgh, fifth edition, revised, with
Appendix, royal 32mo, roan 4 6
Details of High-Pressure Engine, Beam Engine, Condensing, Marine
Screw Engines, Oscillating Engines, Valves, etc., Land and Marine
Boilers, Proportions of Engines produced by the rules, Proportions
of Boilers, etc.
Steep Gradients on Railways.
A Treatise on the Improved Method for overcoming Steep
Gradients on Railways, whereby an ordinary locomotive
capable of hauling a given load up a gradient 1 in 80,
can take the same up 1 in 8, by Henry Handyside, 8vo,
sewed 1 0
Strength of Beams.
On the Strength of Beams, Columns, and Arches, considered
with a view to deriving methods of ascertaining the
practical strength of any given section of Beam, Column,
or Arch, in Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, or Steel, by B.
Baker, _numerous cuts_, crown 8vo, cloth 9 0
Strength of Beams.
New Formulas for the Loads and Deflections of Solid
Beams and Girders, by William Donaldson, M.A.,
Assoc. Inst. C.E., 8vo, cloth 4 6
Sugar.
The Practical Sugar Planter; a complete account of the
cultivation and manufacture of the sugar-cane, according
to the latest and most improved processes, describing
and comparing the different systems pursued in the East
and West Indies, and the Straits of Malacca, and the
relative expenses and advantages attendant upon each,
being the result of sixteen years' experience of a
sugar-planter in those countries, by Leonard Wray, Esq.,
_with numerous illustrations_, 8vo, cloth 10 6
Short Logarithms.
Short Logarithmic and other Tables, intended to facilitate
Practical Calculations, and for solving Arithmetical
Problems in class, 8vo, sewed 1 0
Ditto, cloth 1 6
Sulphuric Acid.
The Chemistry of Sulphuric Acid Manufacture, by
Henry Arthur Smith, _cuts_, crown 8vo, cloth 4 6
Surveying.
The Principles and Practice of Engineering,
Trigonometrical, Subterraneous, and Marine Surveying, by
Charles Bourne, C.E., third edition, _numerous plates
and woodcuts_, 8vo, cloth 5 0
Surveying.
A Practical Treatise on the Science of Land and
Engineering Surveying, Levelling, Estimating
Quantities, etc., with a general description of the
several Instruments required for Surveying, Levelling,
Plotting, etc., by H. S. Merrett, _41 fine plates, with
illustrations and tables_, royal 8vo, cloth, 2nd edition 12 6
Table of Logarithms.
Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers, from
1 to 108,000, by Charles Babbage, Esq., M.A., Stereotyped
edition, royal 8vo, cloth 7 6
Tables of Squares and Cubes.
Barlow's Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots,
Cube Roots, Reciprocals of all Integer Numbers up to
10,000, post 8vo, cloth 6 0
Teeth of Wheels.
Camus (M.) Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels,
demonstrating the best forms which can be given to
them for the purposes of Machinery, such as Mill-work
and Clock-work, and the art of finding their numbers,
translated from the French, third edition, carefully
revised and enlarged, with details of the present
practice of Millwrights, Engine Makers, and other
Machinists, by Isaac Hawkins, _illustrated by 18
plates_, 8vo, cloth 5 0
Telegraphy.
Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers, including
original Communications on Telegraphy and Electrical
Science, edited by Major Frank Bolton and G. E. Preece,
Parts I. to XII., demy 8vo, sewed, _with wood engravings_,
each 5 0
To be continued quarterly.
Torpedo Warfare.
A Treatise on Coast Defence; based on the experience
gained by Officers of the Corps of Engineers of the Army
of the Confederate States, and compiled from Official
Reports of Officers of the Navy of the United States,
made during the North American War from 1861 to 1865, by
Von Scheliha, Lieutenant-Colonel and Chief Engineer of
the Department of the Gulf of Mexico, of the Army of the
late Confederate States of America; _with numerous fine
plates_, imperial 8vo, cloth, top edge gilt 15 0
Trevithick.
The Life of Richard Trevithick (Inventor of the
High-pressure Steam-engine), with an account of his
Inventions, by Francis Trevithick, C.E., 2 vols., medium
8vo, cloth, _illustrated by a steel portrait, lithographs,
and numerous beautiful wood engravings, including
many accurate illustrations of Cornwall, its Mines,
and Mining Machinery_, reduced to 12 6
Turbine.
A Practical Treatise on the Construction of Horizontal
and Vertical Waterwheels, _with 11 plates_, specially
designed for the use of operative mechanics, by William
Cullen, Millwright and Engineer, second edition, revised
and enlarged, small 4to, cloth 12 6
Turning.
The Practice of Hand-turning in Wood, Ivory, Shell,
etc., with Instructions for Turning such work in Metal
as may be required in the Practice of Turning in
Wood, Ivory, etc., also an Appendix on Ornamental
Turning, by Francis Campin, second edition, _with
wood engravings_, crown 8vo, cloth (a book for beginners) 6 0
Valve-Gears.
Treatise on Valve-Gears, with special consideration of
the Link-Motions of Locomotive Engines, by Dr. Gustav
Zeuner, third edition, revised and enlarged, translated
from the German, with the special permission of the
author, by Moritz Müller, _plates_, 8vo, cloth 12 6
Ventilation.
Health and Comfort in House Building, or Ventilation
with Warm Air by Self-Acting Suction Power, with
Review of the mode of Calculating the Draught in
Hot-Air Flues, and with some actual Experiments, by
J. Drysdale, M.D., and J. W. Hayward, M.D., second
edition, with Supplement, demy 8vo, _with plates_, cloth 7 6
The Supplement separate 0 6
Weight of Iron.
Tabulated Weights of Angle, T, Bulb, and Flat Iron, for
the use of Naval Architects and Shipbuilders, by Charles
H. Jordan, M.I.N.A., 18mo, sewed, second edition 1 6
Wood-working Factories.
On the Arrangement, Care, and Operation of Wood-working
Factories and Machinery, forming a complete
Operator's Handbook, by J. Richards, Mechanical
Engineer, _woodcuts_, crown 8vo, cloth 5 0
Wood-working Machines.
A Treatise on the Construction and Operation of
Wood-working Machines, including a History of the Origin
and Progress and Manufacture of Wood-working Machinery,
by J. Richards, Mechanical Engineer, _25 folding plates,
and nearly 100 full-page illustrations_ of English,
French, and American Wood-working Machines in modern
use, selected from the designs of prominent Engineers,
4to, cloth £1 5 0
Workshop Receipts.
Workshop Receipts for the use of Manufacturers,
Mechanics, and Scientific Amateurs, by Ernest Spon,
crown 8vo, cloth 5 0
Royal 8vo, cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._
_Spons' Engineers' and Contractors' Illustrated_
_Book of Prices of Machines, Tools, Ironwork, and Contractors'
Material. 1876._
E. & F. N. SPON: LONDON AND NEW YORK.
* * * * *
Transcriber's notes:
Punctuation has been standardized after careful comparison with
other occurrences within the text and consultation of external
sources. Inconsistencies in spelling and word usage have been
retained except as follows:
Pg vii: 1) added "P" to "(P)AGE".
2) ARRANGEMNET altered to ARRANGEMENT.
Pg 5: deserve altered to deserves. "These few words contain a truth
which deserves"
Pg 12: has altered to have. "It is to be regretted that there have
not been books"
Helmotz altered to Helmholtz.
Pg 47: counter shafts altered to countershafts. "intermediate or
countershafts, the expense"
Pg 57: breaks altered to brakes. "to operate railway brakes?"
Pg 59: separated altered to separate "The employment of magnetic
machines to separate iron and brass filings or shop waste"
Pg 60: (4.) was retained as the question seems to be included
after (3.)
Pg 62: breaks altered to brakes "operated by friction brakes"
Pg 64: kind altered to kinds "in high buildings for most kinds of
manufacture"
Pg 97: preventing altered to prevent "to prevent the springing of
castings."
Pg 100: Number of Question (8.) was missing. Questions renumbered
according to the other blocks of questions.
Pg 120: adapation altered to adaptation. "but they are by such
adaptation unfitted for general purposes."
Pg 151: does altered to do "In what way do standard dimensions"
Pg 170: han altered to hand "purely matters of hand skill"
Catalog:
Pg 14: solvlng altered to solving