simple, but the fabric is very complete, and executed with
tolerable expedition. To make a _cottoni_ requires one hundred and
twenty-five drams of silk. Half that quantity is sufficient for a
light _alléja_. The wages of a manufacturer for making the former
are sixty paras. The fabric of white silk is technically called
in Arabic _craishi_; the _alléja_, _darekli_; the _cottoni_,
_dadâr_. The ordinary length of each of these is about ten pikes
(draa). The width about a pike.]
[Footnote 61: The manner of making soap here deserves mention. They
use oil of olives, putting to an hundred weight twenty-five pounds of
kali, and five pounds of pulverized chalk. The latter articles are
boiled till the water be sufficiently impregnated; the oil is then
poured in, and the whole boils for three days over a fire composed
of stones of olives.]
[Footnote 62: Throughout Syria and Anatolia is established a kind
of tolls called _ghafar_, demanded under pretence of keeping up the
roads, and freeing them from robbers. A fixed sum is exacted from all
Christians; and even an European, though furnished with a travelling
firman, often finds it difficult to avoid paying them. Mohammedans
pay what they please, or even nothing.
In Syria these tolls are of no apparent use; the demand is somewhat
considerable, the roads are not repaired, and there is no defence
but immemorial custom. In Anatolia, where there are woods, some
responsibility is attached to the office of toll-gatherer, in case
a traveller is robbed; and the sum paid is more reasonable.]
[Footnote 63: Musket and bayonet.]
[Footnote 64: Ibeit is one of the principal towns of Kordofân;
it is also the name of a small district.]
[Footnote 65: The bearing of the road from Rîl to Hellet Allais is
reported to be generally E. with very small variation.]
Transcriber's note:
pg xxxii Changed: Earthen ware of Ghennè to: Ghenné
pg 63 Changed: the master (ربفا) to: ربنا
pg 129 Changed: cielings of the chambers to: ceilings
pg 219 Changed: with their corruption to: which
pg 237 Changed: and and while the jelabs to: and while
pg 290 Changed: between the the former to: between the former
pg 368 Changed: articles of consumptioh to: consumption
pg 399 Changed: the most unweildy to: unwieldy
pg 408 Changed: the the walnut-tree to: the walnut-tree
pg 422 Changed: which Rashib Pasha to: Raghib
pg 439 Changed: thoughout Europe to: throughout
pg 447 Changed: _Cubeabéa_ and _Rîl_ to: _Cubcabéa_
pg 448 Changed: _Cubeabéa_ to _Wara_ to: _Cubcabéa_
Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.