There are also in the Acropolis at Athens statues of Pericles the
son of Xanthippus and Xanthippus himself, who fought against the
Persians at Mycale. The statue of Pericles stands by itself, but
near that of Xanthippus is Anacreon of Teos, the first after Lesbian
Sappho who wrote erotic poetry mainly: his appearance is that of a
man singing in liquor. And near are statues by Dinomenes of Io the
daughter of Inachus, and Callisto the daughter of Lycaon, both of
whom had precisely similar fates, the love of Zeus and the hatred of
Hera, Io being changed into a cow, and Callisto into a she-bear. And
on the southern wall Attalus has pourtrayed the legendary battle of
the giants, who formerly inhabited Thrace and the isthmus of Pallene,
and the contest between the Amazons and the Athenians, and the action
at Marathon against the Persians, and the slaughter of the Galati in
Mysia, each painting two cubits in size. There too is Olympiodorus,
illustrious for the greatness of his exploits, notably at that period
when he infused spirit in men who had been continually baffled, and on
that account had not a single hope for the future. For the disaster at
Chæronea was a beginning of sorrows for all the Greeks, and made slaves
alike of those who were absent from it, and of those who fought at it
against the Macedonians. Most of the Greek cities Philip captured,
and though he made a treaty with the Athenians nominally, he really
hurt them most, robbing them of their islands, and putting down their
naval supremacy. And for some time they were quiet, during the reign
of Philip and afterwards of Alexander, but when Alexander was dead and
the Macedonians chose Aridæus as his successor, though the whole power
fell to Antipater, then the Athenians thought it no longer endurable
that Greece should be for all time under Macedonia, but themselves
took up arms and urged others to do the same. And the cities of the
Peloponnesians which joined them were Argos, Epidaurus, Sicyon, Trœzen,
Elis, Phlius, Messene, and outside the Peloponnese the Locrians, the
Phocians, the Thessalians, the Carystians, and those Acarnanians
who ranked with the Ætolians. But the Bœotians who inhabited the
Theban territory which had been stripped of Thebans, fearing that the
Athenians would eject them from Thebes, not only refused to join the
confederate cities but did all they could to further the interests of
the Macedonians. Now the confederate cities were led each by their own
general, but the Athenian Leosthenes was chosen generalissimo, partly
from his city’s renown, partly from his own reputation for experience
in war. He had besides done good service to all the Greeks. For when
Alexander wished to settle in Persia all of those who had served for
pay with Darius and the satraps, Leosthenes was beforehand with him
and conveyed them back to Europe in his ships. And now too, after
having displayed more brilliant exploits than they expected, he infused
dejection in all men by his death, and that was the chief reason of
their failure. For a Macedonian garrison occupied first Munychia,
and afterwards the Piræus and the long walls. And after the death of
Antipater Olympias crossed over from Epirus and ruled for some time,
after putting Aridæus to death, but not long after she was besieged
by Cassander, and betrayed by the multitude. And when Cassander was
king, (I shall only concern myself with Athenian matters), he captured
Fort Panactus in Attica and Salamis, and got Demetrius the son of
Phanostratus, (who had his father’s repute for wisdom), appointed king
over the Athenians. He was however, deposed by Demetrius the son of
Antigonus, a young man well disposed to the Greeks: but Cassander, (who
had a deadly hatred against the Athenians), won over Lachares, who
had up to this time been the leader of the democracy, and persuaded
him to plot to be king: and of all the kings we know of he was most
savage to men and most reckless to the gods. But Demetrius the son
of Antigonus, though he had not been on the best of terms with the
Athenian democracy, yet was successful in putting down the power of
Lachares. And when the town was taken Lachares fled into Bœotia. But as
he had taken the golden shields from the Acropolis, and had stripped
the statue of Athene of all the ornaments that were removable, he was
supposed to be very rich, and was killed for his money’s sake by the
people of Corone. And Demetrius the son of Antigonus, having freed
the Athenians from the yoke of Lachares, did not immediately after
the flight of Lachares give up to them the Piræus, but after being
victorious in war with them put a garrison in the town, and fortified
what is called the Museum. Now the Museum is within the old town walls,
on a hill opposite the Acropolis, where they say that Musæus sang, and
died of old age, and was buried. And on the same place afterwards a
tomb was erected to a Syrian. This hill Demetrius fortified.