compact, pure yellow; EMPRESS OF INDIA, deep yellow, very showy;
GEM OF YELLOWS,* rich deep yellow, of grand form and size, one
of the best; GOLDEN GEM,* rich golden yellow, of excellent form
and size, habit free, with prettily mottled foliage; J. L.
MACFARLANE, rich orange, freest form, and large; LADY TREVOR
LAWRENCE,* orange-yellow, of good form, with handsome foliage;
MAUDE CHURCHILL,* pale yellow, deeper shaded, with elegant foliage;
MRS. PONTIFEX,* rich orange yellow, very large flowers, copiously
produced; POLLIE, pale yellow, fine round flower; SULPHUR QUEEN,*
pale sulphur-yellow, of good form and size.
=Double-Flowered Varieties.= _Crimson and Scarlet Shaded_:
ACHILLES, rich dark crimson, very large and free; DAVISII HYBRIDA
FL.-PL.,* rich coral-red, very full and free; DAVISII FL.-PL.
SUPERBA,* brilliant crimson-scarlet, of good size, and extremely
free; DR. DUKE,* brilliant scarlet, very large and double, one of
the best; FRANCIS BUCHNER,* rich cerise-red, very double, perfect
in form, and very large; FULGURANT, rich crimson, full, with dark
foliage; GLOIRE DE NANCY,* rich vermilion, very free; HERCULES,*
bright orange-scarlet, very large and extremely free, habit compact
and vigorous; LEMOINEI, deep orange-vermilion, very floriferous;
MONSIEUR BAUER, deep red, tinged with violet; NIMROD,* rich
red-scarlet, very large and full, with a free and very vigorous
habit; PRESIDENT BURELLE,* glowing red, tinted with scarlet,
very free; QUEEN OF DOUBLES,* rich rosy-crimson, very double and
floriferous, one of the best varieties; ROBERT BURNS,* brilliant
orange-scarlet, tinted vermilion, very double and free; SIR GARNET,
deep orange-scarlet, very vigorous; WM. BEALBY,* deep velvety
scarlet, immense size and perfect form, very free.
_Rose-Coloured_: ADA,* bright rosy-salmon, fringed at the edge,
very full and free; COMTESSE H. DE CHOISEUL, pale rose, at first
nearly white, very handsome; ESTHER,* rich rosy pink, with a
distinct crimson margin; FORMOSA,* rich rosy carmine, with a
white centre and crimson margin, very distinct and showy; GLORY
OF STANSTEAD,* deep rose, with a well-defined white centre, very
distinct and handsome; JOHN T. POE,* bright rose, tinted with
cerise, of excellent form and vigorous habit; MADAME COMESSE,*
rich satiny salmon-rose, immense, and most profuse; MADAME LEON
SIMON, soft pale rose, very full and free; MARIE LEMOINE, light
salmon with a rose centre; MRS. BRISSENDEN,* salmon-rose, with a
cream-white centre, of excellent form and very free; PÆONIFLORA,
flowers enormous, rich salmon-rose, very full; QUEEN OF SCOTS,*
satiny-pink, salmon-shaded, of a perfect form and very large,
habit compact and very free; ROSINA,* deep rose, violet shaded, of
exquisite form, very vigorous and free.
_White-Flowered_: ANTOINETTE QUERIN,* pure white, cream, shaded
centre, very large and full, a magnificent variety; BLANCHE
JEANPIERRE, pure white, cream tinted, of excellent form and very
free; LITTLE GEM,* pure white, of the best form and good size,
habit dwarf and extremely floriferous; MRS. LUDLAM,* white, tinted
with pink, a very handsome variety; PRINCESS OF WALES,* flowers
very full and profuse, almost pure in colour, and immense.
_Yellow-flowered_: CANARY BIRD,* flowers large, of the finest form,
deep yellow, habit dwarf and very free; GABRIEL LEGROS,* pale
sulphur, changing to yellow, very full and imbricated, extremely
showy.
=BEGONIACEÆ.= An order comprising a large number of useful garden
plants. The only genera are _Begonia_ and _Begoniella_ (which is not
yet in cultivation). Flowers apetalous; perianth single; pistillate
flowers having the perianth two to eight-cleft, staminate ones two to
four-cleft; stamens numerous, collected into a head. Leaves alternate,
stipulate. _See_ =Begonia=.
=BEJARIA.= _See_ =Befaria=.
=BELLADONNA.= _See_ =Atropa=.
=BELLADONNA LILY.= _See_ =Amaryllis Belladonna=.
=BELLEVALIA= (named in honour of P. R. Belleval, a French botanist).
ORD. _Liliaceæ_. This genus is now usually placed under _Hyacinthus_.
Hardy, bulbous-rooted plants, admirably adapted for spring bedding or
forcing, and invaluable as cut flowers. Flowers small, whitish, or
violet, tinged with green. Leaves few, radical, broadly linear. They
are of extremely easy culture in ordinary garden soil. Propagated by
offsets; also by seeds, which should be sown as soon as ripe.
=B. operculata= (lid-covered). Synonymous with _B. romana_.
=B. romana= (Roman).* Roman Hyacinth. _fl._ white, racemose;
perianth campanulate; pedicels longer than the flowers. April. _l._
from 4in. to 5in. long. _h._ 6in. Italy, 1596. A most desirable
plant, and the best of the genus for forcing purposes. SYNS. _B.
operculata_ and _Hyacinthus romanus_. (B. M. 939, under the name of
_Scilla romana_.) _See_ =Hyacinthus=.
=B. syriaca= (Syrian).* _fl._ white; peduncles spreading, racemose.
May. _l._ glaucous, 1ft. long, channelled, rather scarious on the
margins. _h._ 1ft. Syria, 1840.
=BELL-FLOWER.= _See_ =Campanula=.
[Illustration: FIG. 237. FRENCH BELL GLASS, OR CLOCHE.]
[Illustration: FIG. 238. ENGLISH BELL GLASS.]
=BELL GLASSES=, or =CLOCHES=. These are used for the purpose of
protecting or accelerating the growth of a plant or plants. The French
Cloche (see Fig. 237) is largely employed for this purpose. Ordinary
Bell Glasses (see Fig. 238) are exceedingly useful for propagating
purposes, especially for hard-wooded plants; or for placing over
subjects which require a very moist atmosphere, such as Filmy ferns,
Cephalotus, &c.; or for covering half-hardy plants or rare alpines,
and thus protecting them from excessive moisture. Large Bell Glasses,
inverted, serve as miniature aquaria, and many small aquatics are
easily grown in them.
=BELLIDIASTRUM= (from _bellis_, a daisy, and _astrum_, a star;
flower-heads being star-like). ORD. _Compositæ_. A pretty dwarf, hardy,
herbaceous perennial, allied to _Aster_. It thrives in a compost of
loam, leaf soil, and peat. Increased by divisions in early spring, or
directly after blooming.
=B. Michelii= (Michel's).* _fl.-heads_ white; scape one-headed,
naked; involucre with equal leaves; pappus simple. June. _l._ in a
rosette, shortly stalked, obovate, repand. _h._ 1ft. Austria, 1570.
=BELLIS= (from _bellus_, pretty, in reference to the flowers). Daisy.
ORD. _Compositæ_. A genus of hardy herbaceous perennials, distinguished
from allied genera in having conical receptacles and an absence of
pappus. They grow well in all loamy soils. The garden varieties are
increased by division after flowering, each crown making a separate
plant. The soil must be pressed about them moderately firm. Seeds may
also be sown in March, but the plants thus obtained are seldom of
sufficient floricultural merit to perpetuate.
[Illustration: FIG. 239. BELLIS PERENNIS FLORE-PLENO.]
[Illustration: FIG. 240. HEN AND CHICKENS DAISY (BELLIS PERENNIS
PROLIFERA).]
=B. perennis= (perennial).* Common Daisy. _fl.-heads_ white. June.
_l._ numerous, lying flat on the ground, obovate, crenate, slightly
hairy, tapering at the base. _h._ 3in. England. The varieties are
very numerous, the double ones being particularly fine. See Fig.
239. The handsome variegated form, _aucubæfolia_, has its leaves
richly stained and veined with yellow. There are both red and
white-flowered forms of this variety. The Hen and Chickens Daisy is
a proliferous form, rather more quaint than pretty. See Fig. 240.
Good garden kinds are _B. p. conspicua_, red; CROWN, pink; ELIZA,
purple; RUBENS, red; SNOWFLAKE, white.
[Illustration: FIG. 241. BELLIS ROTUNDIFOLIA CŒRULESCENS.]
=B. rotundifolia cœrulescens= (round-leaved, bluish).* _fl.-heads_
from 3/4in. to 1-1/4in. in diameter, resembling those of the common
Daisy, but with fewer, often broader, ray-flowers, which vary from
white to pale blue. _l._ more or less hairy, with slender stalks,
1in. to 3in. long; blade ovate or sub-cordate, sinuate toothed,
three-nerved. Morocco, 1872. A very beautiful perennial, requiring
the shelter of a cold frame during severe winters. See Fig. 241.
(B. M. 6015.)
=BELLIUM= (from _bellis_, a Daisy; the flowers resembling those of that
plant). ORD. _Compositæ_. A genus of pretty little, free-flowering
plants, differing from the common Daisy only in having a pappus of six
to eight broad scales, torn at the apex, alternating with a like number
of long scabrous bristles. They thrive best in a mixture of sandy
loam and peat. Propagation is readily effected by means of seeds or
divisions; the latter should be made in spring.
[Illustration: FIG. 242. BELLIUM BELLIDIOIDES.]
=B. bellidioides= (Daisy-like).* _fl.-heads_ white, solitary. June
to September. _l._ spathulate, radical. Stolons creeping. _h._ 4in.
Italy, 1796. Annual. See Fig. 242.
=B. crassifolium= (thick-leaved). _fl.-heads_ whitish-yellow;
scapes much exceeding the leaves, downy. June. _l._ sub-radical,
thick, obovate, entire, attenuate at base, rather downy. Stems
many, ascending. _h._ 6in. Sardinia, 1831. Hardy perennial. (S. B.
F. G. 2, 278.)
=B. minutum= (very small).* _fl.-heads_ white and yellow, 1/2in.
across, on slender stalks, longer than the foliage. June to
September. _l._ narrow spathulate, attenuated at the base, slightly
hairy. _h._ 3in. Levant, 1772. A rare little species, requiring a
warm, well-drained position on the rockery.
=BELLOWS.= These were formerly employed for fumigating, but are now
entirely superseded by the ordinary fumigators. The Sulphur Bellows is
a very useful instrument for the uniform distribution of flowers of
sulphur on vines and other subjects infested with mildew. In form it is
very like those in common domestic use, but has a rose of small holes
at the end of its nozzle, through which the sulphur is ejected.
=BELL-PEPPER.= _See_ =Capsicum grossum=.
=BELOPERONE= (from _belos_, an arrow, and _peronne_, a band; in
reference to the arrow-shaped connectivum). SYN. _Dianthera_. ORD.
_Acanthaceæ_. Very pretty stove evergreen shrubs, allied to _Justicia_.
Flowers blue or purple, borne in secund, axillary, or terminal spikes,
frequently subtended with coloured bracts; corolla gaping, the upper
lip concave, the lower trifid. They are easily cultivated in a compost
of loam, leaf soil, peat, and sand. Propagated by young cuttings,
taken in spring. Beloperones may also be treated like _Justicias_
(which _see_), and will succeed admirably. There are a large number of
species, but few of which have been introduced.
=B. oblongata= (oblong). _fl._ rosy-purple; spikes axillary;
anthers calcarate at base; bracts bracteolate. Summer. _l._
oblong-lanceolate, opposite. _h._ 3ft. Brazil, 1832. (B. H. 9, 9.)
=B. violacea= (violet-coloured).* _fl._ violet. _l._ lanceolate,
acuminate, entire. _h._ 3ft. New Grenada, 1859. (B. M. 5244.)
=BENDING-DOWN= the branches of fruit trees, by means of weights or
string attached to pegs driven into the ground, is sometimes resorted
to for the purpose of acquiring a particular shape, or fruitfulness;
but authorities differ as to the usefulness of the plan for the latter
purpose. Young trees that are inclined to grow strong in the middle
may be more evenly balanced by adopting the plan of Bending the strong
branches, and so diverting the sap to the weaker ones.
=BENGAL QUINCE.= _See_ =Ægle Marmelos=.
=BENJAMIN-TREE.= _See_ =Ficus Benjamina=.
=BENT GRASS.= _See_ =Agrostis=.
=BENTHAMIA= (in honour of George Bentham, a distinguished English
botanist). ORD. _Cornaceæ_. Hardy evergreen shrubs or low trees,
now referred to the genus _Cornus_. The first-named species is
rather tender in the neighbourhood of London, and can only be grown
successfully against a wall, for which purpose it is very suitable. In
Cornwall and other mild places, it attains a height of 20ft. in the
open. Loudon thinks it might be rendered hardier by grafting it on
_Cornus sanguinea_. Flowers disposed in heads, each head attended by
an involucre, which consists of four petal-like parts, and resembles a
corolla; calyx with a minute four-toothed limb; petals four, fleshy,
wedge-shaped; stamens four; style one. Leaves opposite, exstipulate,
sub-evergreen, entire. Fruit constituted of many pomes grown together.
They thrive in rather moist, loamy soil, in a sheltered spot.
Propagated by seeds, sown when ripe, in a cool-house; or by layering,
in autumn.
=B. fragifera= (Strawberry-flowered).* _fl._ large, white, sessile,
densely aggregate, forming a round head. June to October. _fr._
large, about the size of that of the common Arbutus, reddish. _l._
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, on short petioles, rather
rough, with small, adpressed down. Branches spreading, smooth. _h._
10ft. to 15ft. Nepaul, 1825. (G. C. xiv., 728.)
=B. japonica= (Japanese). _fl._ yellowish-red. Spring. _h._ 8ft.
Japan, 1847. (S. Z. F. J. 16.)
=BERARDIA= (named after M. Berard, a Professor of Chemistry at
Montpelier). ORD. _Compositæ_. A genus containing a single species,
confined to the high mountains of Western Europe. It makes a pretty
rock plant, and grows best in thoroughly well-drained spots amongst
rocky _débris_. Propagated by seeds, sown in spring.
=B. subacaulis= (almost stemless). _fl.-heads_ whitish, solitary,
very large. _l._ rounded oval, nearly heart-shaped at base,
cottony. _h._ 3in. or 4in. (A. F. P. 3, 38.)
=BERBERIDACEÆ.= An order of shrubs or herbaceous perennials. Flowers
terminal or axillary, usually racemose; sepals three, four, or six in a
double row; petals as many or double in number; stamens four to eight,
opposite the petals. Fruit, a berry or capsule. Leaves alternate,
compound. The order contributes a great number of handsome plants
to our gardens. Well-known genera are _Berberis_, _Epimedium_, and
_Nandina_.
=BERBERIDOPSIS= (from _Berberis_, the Barberry, and _opsis_, like;
resembling the Barberry). ORD. _Berberidaceæ_. A handsome evergreen
shrub, with climbing habit. Sepals and petals nine to fifteen;
outer small, spreading; intermediate orbicular, concave; inner
obovate-cuneate, erect, inserted upon the fleshy torus. Stamens eight
to nine, free. With a slight winter protection, or planted at the foot
of a south wall, it will prove quite hardy, being of easy culture in
ordinary garden soil. It is an excellent plant for the cool greenhouse.
Increased by seeds, which should be sown in spring; by layering, in
autumn; or by young cuttings, in spring.
[Illustration: FIG. 243. FLOWERING BRANCHES OF BERBERIDOPSIS CORALLINA.]
=B. corallina= (coral-red).* _fl._ crimson, in terminal, drooping
racemes, leafy at the base. _l._ about 3in. long, alternate,
simple, petiolate, oblong-cordate, obtuse or acute, spiny-toothed.
Chili, 1862. See Fig. 243. (B. M. 5343.)
=BERBERIS= (_Berberys_ is the Arabic name of the fruit, signifying a
shell; many authors believe this to be the original derivation of the
word, because the leaves are hollow, like a shell). Barberry. ORD.
_Berberidaceæ_. Including _Mahonia_. A genus of hardy erect or trailing
shrubs. Flowers yellow or orange, racemose or fascicled; sepals and
petals similar, in two series. Leaves simple or compound, alternate or
fascicled from the non-development of the branches, often spinose, or
reduced to spines. The common sorts thrive well in any ordinary garden
soil, but the rarer kinds require a compost of loam, peat, and a little
sand. Propagation may be effected by suckers or layers, put down in
the autumn; by ripened cuttings, taken at the same time, and planted
in sandy soil, in a cold frame; or by seeds, sown in the spring, or,
preferably, in the autumn, when, if fresh from the pulp or berry, they
will germinate in the open in the following spring. The last-named is
the method generally adopted.
=B. Aquifolium= (Holly-leaved).* _fl._ yellow; racemes nearly
erect, much crowded. Spring. _l._, leaflets two to three pairs,
with an odd one, the lower part distant from the petiole; ovate,
approximate, cordate at the base, one-nerved, spiny-toothed. _h._
3ft. to 6ft. North America, 1823. This is extensively planted in
woodlands as an excellent covert plant. SYN. _Mahonia aquifolia_.
(S. E. B. 49.)
=B. aristata= (bearded). _fl._ yellow; racemes nodding,
many-flowered, longer than the leaves; pedicels trifid,
three-flowered. Spring. _l._ obovate-oblong or lanceolate,
mucronate, membranous, smooth, serrated with four or five spinulose
teeth; lower spines three-parted, upper ones simple, and hardly
bidentate at the base. _h._ 6ft. Nepaul, 1820. (B. R. 729, under
name of _B. Chitria_.)
=B. asiatica= (Asiatic). _fl._, racemes short, many-flowered,
corymbose, shorter than the leaves; pedicels elongated,
one-flowered. _l._ oval, cuneated, or elliptical, mucronate,
smooth; under surface glaucous, entire, or spinulosely-toothed;
spines trifid, or simple. _h._ 4ft. to 8ft. 1820. Half-hardy.
=B. buxifolia= (Box-leaved).* _fl._ solitary, on slender peduncles.
Spring. _l._ nearly sessile, oval or oblong, about 1/2in. long,
entire. _h._ 8ft. Straits of Magellan, 1830. _Nana_ is a charming
little variety, not exceeding 18in. in height. SYN. _B. dulcis_.
(B. M. 6505.)
=B. canadensis= (Canadian).* _fl._, racemes many-flowered, nodding.
Spring. _l._ obovate-oblong, remotely serrated; upper ones nearly
entire; spines three-parted. _h._ 4ft. Canada, 1759.
=B. cratægina= (Hawthorn-like). _fl._, racemes many-flowered,
crowded, spreading, scarcely longer than the leaves. Spring. _l._
oblong, reticulated, hardly serrated; spines simple. _h._ 4ft. to
8ft. Asia Minor, 1829.
=B. cretica= (Cretan). _fl._, racemes three to eight-flowered,
rather shorter than the leaves. Spring. _l._ oblong-oval, entire,
or somewhat serrated; spines three to five-parted. _h._ 4ft. to
5ft. Crete and Cyprus, 1759. The variety _serratifolia_ has leaves
ciliately-serrated. (S. F. G. 342.)
=B. Darwinii= (Darwin's).* _fl._ orange, racemose, very numerous.
May, and sometimes again in autumn. _l._ oval or oblong, about
1in. long, with usually five spiny teeth. _h._ 2ft. South Chili,
1849. This very fine species is, perhaps, the best; it forms
a densely-branched, spreading, evergreen bush, thus making an
excellent covert plant. (B. M. 4590.)
=B. dulcis= (sweet). Synonymous with _B. buxifolia_.
=B. emarginata= (emarginate). _fl._, racemes scarcely pendulous,
shorter than the leaves. Spring. _l._ lanceolate-obovate, ciliately
serrated; spines three-parted. _h._ 6ft. Siberia, 1790.
=B. empetrifolia= (Empetrum-leaved).* _fl._ few, terminal,
sub-umbellate, on slender pedicels. May. _l._ in fascicles of about
seven, linear, closely revolute, sharply mucronate. _h._ 1-1/2ft.
to 2ft. Straits of Magellan, 1827. (B. R. 26, 27.)
=B. fascicularis= (fascicled). _fl._, racemes erect, much crowded.
Spring. _l._, leaflets three to six pairs, with an odd one, the
lower pair distant from the base of the petiole; ovate-lanceolate,
rather distant, one-nerved, spiny toothed, with four to five teeth
on each side. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft. New Spain, 1820. Half-hardy. SYN.
_Mahonia fascicularis_. (B. M. 2396.)
=B. floribunda= (many-flowered).* _fl._, racemes many-flowered,
loose, solitary, pendulous. June. _l._ obovate-lanceolate, or
obovate-oblong, tapering much towards the base, ending in a
mucrone at the apex, paler beneath, spiny-ciliated; spines
three-parted, unequal. _h._ 10ft. Nepaul. A variety of _aristata_.
=B. Fortunei= (Fortune's).* _fl._ small, in terminal clustered
racemes. _l._, leaflets about seven, linear-lanceolate, distant,
with numerous small spiny teeth, lower pair remote from the base of
the petiole. China.
=B. glumacea= (glumaceous). A synonym of _B. nervosa_.
=B. iberica= (Iberian). _fl._, racemes many-flowered, pendulous.
Spring. _l._ obovate-oblong, quite entire; spines simple and
three-parted. _h._ 8ft. to 10ft. Iberia, 1818.
=B. ilicifolia= (Holly-leaved). _fl._, peduncles short,
four-flowered; pedicels elongated, somewhat corymbose. July. _l._
ovate, tapering at the base, coarsely and spinulosely toothed;
spines three-parted. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Tierra del Fuego, 1791. (B.
M. 4308.)
=B. japonica= (Japanese).* _fl._, racemes in terminal clusters.
Spring. _l._, leaflets usually nine, about 3in. long, quite
sessile, broadly cordate, or rotundate at the base, oblique, with
about five long spiny teeth, and a terminal one, the lowest pairs
close to the base of the petiole. China and Japan. Very distinct,
with unbranched stems and leaves about 1ft. long. _B. Beali_
and _B. intermedia_ are mere forms of this species, the latter
differing from it in having narrower leaves and longer, slender
racemes. (B. M. 4852.)
=B. loxensis= (Loxanese). _fl._ unusually small, erect, in panicled
racemes on a long peduncle quite clear of the leaves. _l._ very
shining, blunt, obovate; sides often with several teeth; spines
small, palmated. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. Peru. Evergreen, not hardy. (P.
F. G. 1, p. 13.)
[Illustration: FIG. 244. BERBERIS NEPALENSIS.]
=B. nepalensis= (Nepaulese).* _fl._ yellow; racemes few, elongated,
slender. _l._ 1ft. to 2ft. long; leaflets five to nine pairs,
obovate-oblong, cuspidate, rounded at the base, repand-toothed,
with five to ten spiny teeth on each side, tricuspidate at the
apex. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft. Nepaul. A very handsome species, thriving
best in the southern parts of England. SYN. _Mahonia nepalensis_.
See Fig. 244.
=B. nervosa= (large-nerved). _fl._, racemes elongated. October.
_l._, leaflets five to six pairs, with an odd one, the lower
pair distant from the petiole; ovate, acuminated, remotely spiny
toothed, somewhat three to five-nerved, with twelve to fourteen
teeth on each side. _h._ 1ft. to 3ft. North America, 1826. SYNS.
_B. glumacea_, _Mahonia nervosa_. (B. M. 3949.)
=B. repens= (creeping).* _fl._, racemes terminal, numerous,
fascicled, diffuse, rising from the scaly buds. Spring. _l._,
leaflets, two to three pairs, with an odd one, roundish-ovate,
opaque, spiny toothed. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. North America, 1822. SYN.
_Mahonia repens_. (B. R. 1176.)
=B. ruscifolia= (Ruscus-leaved). _fl._ a little larger than those
of _B. vulgaris_; peduncles short, bearing four to five flowers at
the apex. _l._ oblong, tapering at the base, mucronate, entire, or
grossly and spiny toothed. _h._ 4ft. to 8ft. South America, 1823.
Half-hardy.
=B. sinensis= (Chinese).* _fl._, racemes many-flowered, nodding.
May. _l._ oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower ones are a little
toothed; spines three-parted. _h._ 3ft. to 6ft. China, 1815. (B. M.
6573.)
[Illustration: FIG. 245. BERBERIS STENOPHYLLA, showing Habit and
Flowering Twig.]
=B. stenophylla= (naked-leaved),* with narrow mucronate leaves, is
said to be a hybrid between _B. empetrifolia_ and _B. Darwinii_.
See Fig. 245.
=B. trifoliata= (three-leafleted). _fl._, racemes small,
axillary, sessile, three to five-flowered. Spring. _l._, leaflets
three, sessile at the ends of the petioles, deeply scalloped,
bluish-green, variegated, glaucous beneath. _h._ 5ft. Mexico, 1839.
Evergreen, not quite hardy. (P. F. G. 2, 168.)
=B. trifurcata= (three-forked). _fl._, racemes compound, erect.
Spring. _l._ pinnate; leaflets broad, three-forked. _h._ 6ft.
China, 1850. Evergreen. (P. F. G. 3, 258.)
=B. umbellata= (umbellate). _fl._, peduncles solitary, erect,
bearing at the top several umbellate pedicels. _l._ obovate-oblong,
mucronate, entire, glaucous beneath; spines three-parted, long,
equal. _h._ 6ft. Nepaul, 1842. (P. F. G. 2, 181.)
=B. vulgaris= (common).* Common Barberry. _fl._, racemes
many-flowered, pendulous. Spring. _l._ somewhat obovate,
ciliately-serrated; spines three-parted. _h._ 8ft. to 20ft.
Britain, &c. There are yellow, violet, purple, black, and white
fruited, and purple-leaved forms. (Sy. En. B. 51.)