the branchlets; pedicels hardly perpendicular, one and a-half to
two lines long; cream coloured. June. _l._ obscurely spurred at the
base; false leaves three to eight-nate, flattened; linear-falcate
acute, 1/4in. to 3/8in. long, spreading. South Africa, 1862. A wide
climbing, copiously branched, slender greenhouse shrub, with very
numerous spreading or ascending branches and branchlets.
=A. scandens= (climbing).* _fl._ whitish, axillary on the ultimate
branchlets, succeeded by round orange-coloured berries. The annual,
much-branched, unarmed stems bear, usually in threes, numerous
small linear-pointed leaves, which on the ultimate branches spread
nearly in one plane. Cape of Good Hope, 1795. An elegant climbing
greenhouse perennial.
=A. virgatus= (twiggy).* A remarkably elegant feathery looking
plant, of shrubby habit. The stems, which issue from the crown of
the stout fleshy roots, are of a dark green colour, and bear at
the upper end a corymbose head of erect branches, of which the
lowest is the youngest or most recently developed. These branches
are again twice branched, the ultimate branchlets being furnished
with needle-shaped false leaves, 1/2in. long, which usually grow in
threes. South Africa, 1862.
=ASPARAGUS BEETLE= (_Crioceris asparagi_), or "Cross-bearer." This
beautiful little insect is blue-black or greenish; the thorax is red
with two black spots, and the wing-cases are yellow, with a black cross
on them; the legs and antennæ are black. The short grey larva is flat
underneath, arched on the back, and covered with hairs. The sides are
of an olive hue, and the little legs and head are black. It ejects a
drop of blackish fluid from the mouth when touched. When full grown,
which takes about a fortnight, the larva measures about two lines in
length; the average length of the perfect Beetle is about three lines.
Although this insect does not actually destroy the plants, it inflicts
much damage on the foliage, and checks the growth of the stems after
they have attained some size, in consequence of which the foliage
becomes much less in the next season. The eggs are fixed to the shoots,
and are small, dark, pointed bodies. The larvæ do the harm, as they
feed on the bark and tender portions of the plants. The mature Beetles
should be picked off by hand, and, by commencing early enough in the
season, their numbers will be greatly reduced. Syringing the plants
with water, heated to a temperature that will not injure the plants, is
found a useful method for removing the grubs.
_White Hellebore._ Freshly-ground White Hellebore, sprinkled over the
foliage while it is damp, and repeating the operation at intervals of
about eight days for a season, will generally effect a riddance; but
the following will usually be found better in such cases. Neither must
be applied until after cutting ceases, as they are very poisonous.
_Paris Green._ This, mixed and used as for Cherry Fly (_see_ =Black
Fly=), will generally got rid of the Beetle, if applied about thrice
each season for two years. It should, however, only be used in severe
cases.
_Soot_, applied in the same manner as White Hellebore, and in liberal
quantities, will, in a season or two, clear the beds. If a bushel of
salt be mixed with each twenty bushels of soot, it will enhance the
effect.
=ASPARAGUS KNIFE.= The Asparagus Knife consists of a strong blade
fixed in a handle. There are, or were, three kinds employed: In one
form, the blade was blunt on both sides, straight, with a sharp tip,
and not unlike a small chisel. Another had its blade slightly hooked,
and serrated at one end. But the best is that now almost universally
employed, and which is illustrated by Fig. 162.
[Illustration: FIG. 162. ASPARAGUS KNIFE.]
=ASPASIA= (from _aspazomai_, I embrace; the column embraced by the
labellum). ORD. _Orchidaceæ_. A genus of elegant stove Epidendrum-like
epiphytal orchids, with the lip united to the column, and broad, thin
pseudo-bulbs. The name Aspasia is now and then met with attached to a
totally different genus. Salisbury gave it to a liliaceous plant which
is now referred to _Ornithogalum_. For culture and propagation, _see_
=Stanhopea=.
=A. epidendroides= (Epidendrum-like).* _fl._ whitish yellow; sepals
linear oblong, acute; petals obtuse, concave, lateral lobes of
lip roundish, entire, middle lobe crenated emarginate. February.
Pseudo-bulbs oblong, two-edged. _h._ 1ft. Panama, 1833.
=A. lunata= (crescent-marked).* _fl._ green, white, and brown,
solitary; sepals and petals linear obtuse, spreading; lip
three-lobed, lateral lobes short, middle one flat, nearly square,
wavy. February. Pseudo-bulbs oblong, two-edged. _h._ 1ft. Rio
Janeiro, 1843.
=A. papilionacea= (butterfly-like).* _fl._, sepals and petals
yellowish, mottled with brown lines on their internal inferior
halves; lip fiddle-shape, its back very great, elliptic, apiculate;
an orange-coloured area stands at its base, a wide violet disc
before and around it. _h._ 9in. Costa Rica, 1876. Distinguished
from _A. lunata_ in having thirteen keels at the base of the lip,
which is higher inserted, and in the echinulate anther. It is a
beautiful but rare novelty.
=A. psittacina= (parrot-like).* _fl._, sepals and petals light
green, with brown transverse bars, which sometimes consist
of separate stripes, at other times of confluent ones; the
fiddle-shaped lip shows two keels and a few purplish dots over its
top; the column is brown at its top, then violet, and white at the
base. Ecuador, 1878. It has a raceme of several flowers, usually
one-sided, bent over.
=A. variegata= (variegated).* _fl._ green, spotted with yellowish
red; sepals linear oblong; petals somewhat rhomboid, acute; lateral
lobes of lip recurved, middle one fleshy, serrated. February. _h._
9in. Panama, 1836. Deliciously sweet-scented in the morning.
=ASPEN.= _See_ =Populus tremula=.
=ASPERA.= Rough, with hairs or points.
=ASPERULA= (from _asper_, rough; in allusion to the leaves). Woodruff.
ORD. _Rubiaceæ_. Hardy herbs, rarely small shrubs. Flowers terminal
and axillary, in fascicles. Leaves opposite, with one, two, or three
stipulas on each side; they are therefore called four to eight in a
whorl, but between the uppermost leaves there are no stipulas. Stems
and branches usually tetragonal. Most of the species are very pretty
when in flower, and are, therefore, well adapted for borders, rockwork,
and shady places, in almost any garden soil. Propagated by divisions of
the roots during spring and early summer. Herbaceous perennials, except
where otherwise stated.
=A. azurea-setosa= (blue-bristly). A synonym of _A. orientalis_.
=A. calabrica= (Calabrian). A synonym of _Putoria calabrica_.
=A. cynanchica= (Cynanche-like). _fl._ on erect branches, forming a
fastigiate corymb, white or bluish-coloured, elegantly marked with
red lines, or sometimes pure white. Summer. _l._ four in a whorl;
floral ones lanceolate-linear, acuminately awned; lower ones small,
oblong, upper ones opposite. Plant glabrous, erectish. _h._ 9in. to
12in. England.
=A. hirta= (hairy). _fl._ white at first, changing to pink, with
oblong divisions. July and August. _l._ usually six in a whorl,
four towards the upper part, linear, hairy, deep green. _h._ 3in.
Pyrenees, 1817. A charming but rare little alpine, thriving best in
a rather damp position on the rockery.
=A. longiflora= (long-flowered).* _fl._ whitish, yellowish inside,
and reddish outside; tube of corolla elongated; fascicles terminal,
pedunculate; bracteas small, subulate. Summer. _l._ four in a
whorl, linear; lower ones small, obovate; upper ones opposite.
Stems weak, numerous, from the same neck, erectish, glabrous. _h._
6in. Hungary, 1821.
=A. montana= (mountain).* _fl._, corollas pink, four-cleft,
scabrous externally; in fascicles. June, July. _l._ linear; lower
ones six in a whorl; middle ones four; upper ones opposite; floral
leaves linear. Stem weak, glabrous. _h._ 6in. to 8in. Hungary, 1801.
=A. odorata= (sweet-scented).* Sweet Woodruff. _fl._ snowy white;
corymbs terminal, pedunculate, usually trifid, each division
bearing about four flowers. May, June. _l._ eight in a whorl,
lanceolate, smooth, with serrulately scabrous edges. Stems
tetragonal, simple, erect, or ascending. _h._ 6in. to 12in.
Britain. This very pretty little plant is scentless when fresh,
but, when dried, it diffuses an odour like that of spring grass;
and when kept among clothes, it not only imparts an agreeable
perfume to them, but preserves them from insects.
=A. orientalis= (Oriental).* _fl._ sky blue, in terminal heads;
bracts of involucre shorter than the flowers. Summer. _l._
lanceolate, bristly, about eight in a whorl. _h._ 1ft. Caucasus,
1867. A charming little, profuse blooming, hardy annual, bearing
clusters of fragrant flowers, admirably adapted for bouquet making.
SYN. _A. azurea-setosa_. See Fig. 163.
[Illustration: FIG. 163. ASPERULA ORIENTALIS, showing Habit and Portion
of Inflorescence.]
=A. taurina= (bull). _fl._, corollas white, elongated; corymbs
pedunculate, axillary, fasciculately umbellate, involucrated;
bracteas ciliated. April to June. _l._ four in a whorl,
ovate-lanceolate, three-nerved, with finely ciliated margins. Plant
smoothish, erect. _h._ 1ft. South Europe, 1739.
=A. tinctoria= (Dyers'). _fl._ white, reddish on the outside;
usually trifid. June. _l._ linear; lower ones six in a whorl;
middle ones four; and the uppermost ones opposite; floral leaves
ovate. Plant procumbent, unless supported. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. long,
purplish. Europe, 1764.
=ASPHALT.= Artificial Asphalt is now generally used in England for
footpaths, &c. The recipes are various, one of the best being the
following: Lime rubbish two parts, coal ashes one part (both must be
very dry), sifted very fine; mix them, and leave a hole in the middle
of the heap, wherein pour boiling hot coal tar; mix well together. When
as stiff as mortar, lay it down, 3in. thick, on a dry and previously
well-levelled surface. A boy should follow with dry, finely-sifted
sand, distributing just enough to prevent his boots sticking to the
tar. Two men should be employed for the tarring, whilst another should
attend to the boiling operation. Only just enough tar to last ten
minutes must be taken from the furnace at one time, as, if it be not
boiling, the walks will become soft under the action of very hot sun.
This may be repeated every three years. It is imperative that the
surface, lime, coal ashes and sand be perfectly dry, and that the days
selected for the operation be very fine, the hotter the better. Another
excellent plan is that of using gas lime and coal ashes. There must
be a firm foundation and smooth surface. Spread the gas lime to about
1-1/2in. deep, and level with the back of a spade. Over this place a
thin layer of coal dust, and well roll. The work is then complete.
=ASPHODEL.= _See_ =Asphodelus=.
=ASPHODELINE.= ORD. _Liliaceæ_. A genus of plants allied to
_Asphodelus_, but distinguished from it by having erect leafy stems.
They thrive in any ordinary garden soil. Propagated by division.
=A. brevicaulis= (short-stemmed). _fl._ in lax, often panicled
racemes, yellow, veined with green. _l._ subulate, ascending, lower
ones 4in. to 6in. long. Stem slender, often flexuose. Orient.
=A. damascena= (Damascene). _fl._ white, in dense generally simple
racemes, 6in. to 12in. long. _l._ in dense rosette, 6in. to 9in.
long, subulate. Stem simple, erect. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. Asia
Minor.
=A. liburnica= (Liburnian). _fl._ yellow, striped with green, in
generally simple lax racemes, 6in. to 9in. long. Stem simple,
erect, strict, 1ft. to 2ft. high, upper half naked. South Europe.
=A. lutea= (yellow). _fl._ yellow, fragrant, in a dense, very long,
straight, simple raceme, in the axils of buff-coloured bracts,
which are nearly as long as the flowers. Summer. _l._ numerous,
awl-shaped, triangular, furrowed, smooth, dark green, marked with
lines of a paler tint; root leaves tufted. Stem 3ft. or 4ft.
high. Sicily, 1596. The best known and handsomest species. SYN.
_Asphodelus luteus_.
=A. l. fl.-pl.= This resembles the species, but the flowers are
double, and last much longer than those of the typical form; it is
a very pretty plant.
=A. taurica= (Taurian). _fl._ white, striped with green, in
generally simple dense racemes, 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in.
wide. Stem simple, erect, 1ft. to 2ft. high, densely leafy at base
of raceme. Asia Minor, &c. SYN. _Asphodelus tauricus_.
=A. tenuior= (slenderer). _fl._ yellow, in simple lax-flowered
racemes, 3in. to 4in. long, 2in. wide. Stem simple lower half leaf,
upper naked, 1ft. Orient. SYN. _Asphodelus tenuior_.
=ASPHODELUS= (from _a_, not, and _sphallo_, to supplant; in allusion
to the beauty of the flowers). Asphodel. ORD. _Liliaceæ_. Very pretty
hardy herbaceous perennials, with fleshy fasciculated roots. Perianth
white or yellow, of six equal spreading segments; stamens six,
hypogynous, alternately long and short. Leaves usually radical, tufted,
narrow, or triquetrous. All the species enumerated thrive in good
deep sandy loam, and are very suitable for borders and shrubberies.
Propagated by division of the root, which is best done in early spring.
=A. æstivus= (summer). _fl._ white. Summer. _h._ 2ft. Spain, 1820.
=A. albus= (white).* _fl._ white; peduncles clustered the length of
the bracts. May. _l._ linear, keeled, smooth. Stem naked, simple.
_h._ 2ft. South Europe, 1596.
=A. creticus= (Cretan).* _fl._ yellow. July. _l._ filiform,
striated, toothed, ciliated. Stem leafy, naked above, branched.
_h._ 2ft. Crete, 1821.
=A. fistulosus= (pipe-stalked). _fl._ white. July, August. _l._
upright, striated, subulate, fistular. Stem naked. _h._ 18in. South
Europe, 1596.
=A. luteus= (yellow). A synonym of _Asphodeline lutea_.
=A. ramosus= (branchy). _fl._ large, white, with a reddish-brown
line in the middle of each segment, springing from the axils of
ovate-lanceolate bracts, and in very long dense racemes. Summer.
_l._ sword-shaped, stiff, sharply keeled below, channelled above.
Stem much branched. _h._ 4ft. to 5ft. South Europe, 1829.
[Illustration: FIG. 164. ASPHODELUS VILLARSII, showing Habit and
Flower.]
=A. Villarsii= (Villars'). _fl._ white; raceme dense, elongated;
bracts dark brown. Stem simple or rarely branched. _h._ 1ft. to
2ft. Eastern France. See Fig. 164.
=ASPIDISTRA= (from _aspidiseon_, a little round shield; in reference
to the form of the flower). SYN. _Porpax_ (of Salisbury). Including
_Plectogyne_. ORD. _Liliaceæ_. Hardy, or nearly hardy, evergreen,
foliage plants. Flowers insignificant, produced close to the ground,
remarkable for the curious mushroom-like stigma, by which this genus is
characterised. They thrive in almost any ordinary garden soil, but are
best grown in rich loam, leaf soil, and sand; plenty of moisture being
allowed. Propagated by suckers.
=A. elatior= (taller).* _l._ oblong, large, on long petioles,
leathery; plant stemless. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. Japan, 1835. This
very easily cultivated and quite hardy foliage plant is much grown
for window gardening and other decorative purposes, for which it is
well suited.
=A. e. variegata= (variegated).* A fine variety with
alternately-striped green and white leaves.
[Illustration: FIG. 165. ASPIDISTRA LURIDA.]
=A. lurida= (lurid). _fl._ purple. July. _l._ oblong-lanceolate, on
long petioles. _h._ 1ft. to 1-1/2ft. China, 1822. A very graceful
species, with long evergreen leaves. It is an effective plant for
the outdoor garden during summer, and is nearly, if not quite,
hardy. See Fig. 165.
=A. punctata= (dotted). _l._ lanceolate, on long stalks. _h._ 1ft.
China. This is very closely allied to _A. elatior_, but of inferior
value.
=ASPIDIUM= (from _aspidion_, a little buckler; in allusion to the form
of the involucre). Shield Fern. ORD. _Filices_. Including _Cyclodium_,
_Cyclopeltis_, _Cyrtomium_, _Phanerophlebia_, and _Polystichum_. Stove,
greenhouse, or hardy ferns. Sori sub-globose, dorsal or terminal on the
veinlets; involucre orbicular, fixed by the centre. They thrive in a
compost of sandy peat with a little loam. Several species are admirably
adapted for the indoor fernery. The hardy species are best grown in the
shade; a little sandstone should be incorporated with the soil. For
general culture, _see_ =Ferns=.
[Illustration: FIG. 166. ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM.]
=A. acrostichoides= (Acrostichum-like).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in.
long, densely scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 2in. to
6in. broad; pinnæ of the lower half barren, 2in. to 3in. long,
1/4in. broad, spinoso-serrated throughout, auricled at the base
above; the pinnæ of the upper half fertile, much smaller. _sori_
occupying the whole under side. North America. SYN. _Polystichum
acrostichoides_. Hardy.
=A. a. grandiceps= (large-crested).* A very handsome fern, having
the apices of the fronds and pinnæ heavily crested; equally
desirable for the hardy or temperate fernery. Of garden origin.
=A. a. incisum= (incised).* A variety with the pinnules deeply cut
and acutely pointed.
=A. aculeatum= (sharp-pointed).* The Hard Shield Fern. _sti._
tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, more or less scaly. _fronds_ 1ft. to
3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, ovate-lanceolate; lower pinnæ
close, lanceolate, 4in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad;
pinnules ovate-rhomboidal, unequal sided, auricled on the upper
base; teeth aristate. sori nearer the midrib than the edge. A
variable and hardy species, common throughout the world. SYN.
_Polystichum aculeatum_. _A. a. proliferum_ is a proliferous
Australian form. _A. a. vestitum_ has the rachis densely clothed to
the point, both with reddish-brown fibrillose and large lanceolate
dark brown scales. See Fig. 166.
=A. amabile= (lovely). _sti._ scattered, 6in. to 12in. long,
slightly scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft. or more long, 6in. to 12in.
broad, with a lanceolate terminal pinna, and three to six
lateral ones on each side, which are 3in. to 6in. long, 1in.
to 1-1/2in. broad, the lowest sometimes divided at the base;
segments sub-rhomboidal, with at least half the lower side cut
away, the upper side and part of the lower lobed and sharply
spinuloso-serrated. sori sub-marginal. Ceylon. Stove species. SYN.
_Polystichum amabile_.
=A. angulare= (angular). The Soft Shield Fern. Botanically this
is only a variety of _A. aculeatum_; but, to the cultivator, it
is abundantly distinct. The fronds are not so tapered at the
base, the pinnules are more equal in size, and the lower ones
distinctly stalked, while the texture is much less rigid than in
_A. aculeatum_, the caudex has a tendency to elongate. Almost
cosmopolitan in its distribution. SYN. _Polystichum angulare_.
There are an enormous number of varieties, many of which are
not under cultivation. Amongst the best found in gardens are
_alatum_, _Bayliæ_, _concinnum_, _corymbiferum_, _cristatum_,
_curtum_, _dissimile_, _grandiceps_, _imbricatum_, _Kitsoniæ_,
_lineare_, _parvissimum_, _plumosum_, _polydactylon_, _proliferum_,
_rotundatum_, _Wakeleyanum_, _Woollastoni_.
[Illustration: FIG. 167. ASPIDIUM ANGULARE GRANDICEPS.]
=A. a. grandiceps= (large-crested). This is a narrow fronded
variety, having the apices of the fronds branched and crested,
ultimately producing a broad tasselled head. A very handsome fern.
See Fig. 167.
=A. anomalum= (anomalous). _sti._ tufted, 1ft. to 2ft. long,
densely scaly below. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 1ft. or more
broad; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; pinnules
lanceolate, cut down in the lower part into oblong segments; teeth
blunt or slightly mucronate. _sori_ placed near the sinuses of the
pinnules. Ceylon. Stove species. SYN. _Polystichum anomalum_.
=A. aristatum= (awned).* _rhiz._ creeping. _sti._ scattered, 9in.
to 18in. long, very scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 9in.
to 12in. broad, ovate-deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; lower
pinnæ largest, 4in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; lowest
pinnules much the largest, lanceolate-deltoid; teeth copious
aristate. _sori_ small, principally in two rows near the midrib.
Japan, Himalayas, New South Wales, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN.
_Polystichum aristatum_.
=A. a. coniifolium= (Conium-leaved).* _fronds_ more finely divided;
segments copiously toothed, with lower lobes distinct.
=A. a. variegatum= (variegated).* A handsome variety, with a broad
band of green running through the bases of the pinnules along the
course of the rachis.
=A. auriculatum= (eared).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 6in. long,
scaly below or throughout. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to
4in. broad; pinnæ numerous, sub-sessile, usually close, 1in. to
2in. long, about 1/2in. broad, ovate-rhomboidal, falcate, acute,
spinoso-serrated, the upper base auricled, the lower one truncate.
_sori_ in two rows. India, widely distributed. Stove species. SYNS.
_A. ocellatum_, _Polystichum auriculatum_.
=A. a. lentum= (pliant). Pinnæ cut into oblong mucronate lobes
about half-way down to the rachis, the auricle sometimes quite free.
=A. a. marginatum= (margined).* A variety with more coriaceous
texture; upper edge of the pinnæ slightly lobed.
=A. capense= (Cape).* _sti._ scattered, 1ft. to 2ft. long, densely
scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 18in. broad,
sub-deltoid; lowest pinnæ the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to
4in. broad; pinnules and segments lanceolate, the latter bluntly
lobed. _sori_ very large and copious. South America, New Zealand,
Cape Colony, Natal, &c. Greenhouse species. SYNS. _A. coriaceum_,
_Polystichum capense_.
=A. confertum= (compressed). Synonymous with _A. meniscioides_.
=A. coriaceum= (leathery). Synonymous with _A. capense_.
=A. falcatum= (hooked).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, densely
scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, simply
pinnate; pinnæ numerous, the lower stalked, ovate-acuminate,
falcate, 3in. to 5in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad; edge entire or
slightly undulated, the upper side narrowed suddenly, sometimes
auricled, the lower rounded or obliquely truncate at the base.
_sori_ small, copious, scattered. Japan, China, Himalayas, &c. SYN.
_Cyrtomium falcatum_.
=A. f. caryotideum= (Caryota-like) has pinnæ sometimes larger,
sharply toothed, slightly lobed, sometimes auricled on both sides.
SYN. _Cyrtomium caryotideum_.
=A. f. Fortunei= (Fortune's).* This differs from the type in having
pinnæ narrower and more opaque. All are most useful house ferns,
and quite hardy in many parts of the country. SYN. _Cyrtomium
Fortunei_.
=A. falcinellum= (finely-hooked).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in.
long, densely scaly. _fronds_ 9in. to 18in. long, 3in. to 6in.
broad; central pinnæ 2in. to 3in. long, 1/4in. broad; point acute;
edge finely serrated; the upper side bluntly auricled, the lower
obliquely truncate at the base. _sori_ in two long rows. Madeira.
Greenhouse species. SYN. _Polystichum falcinellum_.
=A. flexum= (bending). _rhiz._ stout, wide-creeping. _sti._
scattered, 1ft. long, scaly. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to
12in. broad; lower pinnæ lanceolate-deltoid, 4in. to 6in. long,
2in. to 4in. broad; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the
rachis below into oblong bluntly-lobed segments. _sori_ large, in
two rows, copious. Juan Fernandez. Stove species. SYN. _Polystichum
flexum_.
=A. fœniculaceum= (Fennel-leaved).* _rhiz._ creeping. _sti._
scattered, 6in. to 12in. long, densely scaly below. _fronds_ 1ft.
to 2ft. long, and 9in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid, four to
five pinnatifid; lower pinnæ 6in. to 8in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad;
ultimate divisions linear, awned, with a firm texture. _sori_
solitary. Greenhouse species. Sikkim, 7,000ft. to 10,000ft. SYN.
_Polystichum fœniculaceum_.