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[Illustration: ARISTOLOCHIA ELEGANS.]
THE
ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,
A PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
_Encyclopædia + of + Horticulture_
FOR
GARDENERS AND BOTANISTS.
EDITED BY
GEORGE NICHOLSON,
_Of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew_.
ASSISTED BY PROFESSOR J. W. H. TRAIL, A.M., M.D., F.L.S., IN THE
PARTS RELATING TO INSECTS AND FUNGI; AND J. GARRETT IN THE FRUIT,
VEGETABLE, AND GENERAL GARDEN WORK PORTIONS.
DIVISION I.--A TO CAR.
PUBLISHED BY
L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA,
JAMES PENMAN, NEW YORK.
1887.
LONDON: PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND.
PREFACE.
THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF GARDENING aims at being the best and
most complete Work on Gardening and Garden Plants hitherto published.
The aim is, indeed, a high one; but the Publisher, whose taste for
Flowers has rendered the production a labour of love, has, on his part,
spared no expense that the Typography and Illustrations should be of
a very high class. It is to be hoped that earnest efforts to attain
accuracy, by consulting the best Authorities, combined with no small
amount of original research, have contributed to render the _matter_
of the Work not unworthy of the _form_ in which it is presented to the
reader. The large number of Illustrations is an important feature;
and it is believed that the figures quoted, and the references given
to various works--in which more detailed information is contained
than is desirable, or, indeed, possible, in these pages, on account
of space--will greatly add to the interest and value of the work.
Considerable trouble has been taken in revising the tangled synonymy of
many genera, and clearing up, as much as possible, the confusion that
exists in garden literature in connection with so many plants, popular
and otherwise. In the matter of generic names, Bentham and Hooker's
recently-completed "Genera Plantarum" has, with few exceptions, been
followed; that work being the one which will, for a long time to
come, undoubtedly remain the standard authority on all that relates
to generic limitation. With regard to the nomenclature of species, I
have endeavoured to consult the latest and most trustworthy Monographs
and Floras, and to adopt the names in accordance with them. Now and
then, certain plants are described under their common garden names; but
they will, in such cases, be also found mentioned under the genus to
which they really belong. A case in point may be cited: _Anœctochilus
Lowii_ is given under _Anœctochilus_, but the name it must now bear is
_Dossinia_, and a reference to that genus will explain matters pretty
fully, as far as the present state of knowledge goes.
I am greatly indebted to Professor J. W. H. TRAIL, M.D., F.L.S.,
&c., for his valuable contributions on Insects, Fungi, and Diseases
of Plants, branches of science in which he has long been specially
interested, and in which he is an undoubted authority.
Mr. J. GARRETT, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, late of the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, is responsible for Fruit and
Vegetable Culture, for most of what appertains to Florists' Flowers,
and for General Gardening Work. For information on many special
subjects--Begonias may be cited as an example--I am obliged for much
assistance to Mr. W. WATSON, also of the Royal Gardens, Kew; in fact,
the article _Begonia_, in its entirety, was written by him. Mr. W. B.
HEMSLEY, A.L.S., has, throughout, given me aid and advice; and I have
to acknowledge constant help from several other colleagues.
The Rev. PERCY W. MYLES, M.A., has taken no little trouble in working
out the correct derivations of very many of the Generic Names;
unfortunately, in a number of instances, lack of time prevented me from
obtaining the benefit of his knowledge. I have to record my gratitude
for help in so difficult a task, this special study being one to which
Mr. MYLES has paid much attention.
GEORGE NICHOLSON.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
[Illustration]
REFERENCE TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS OTHER THAN THOSE FIGURED IN THIS
WORK.
It has been suggested, by an eminent Authority, that many readers
would be glad to be informed where reliable Illustrations could be
found of those Plants which are not figured in this Work. To meet
this want, references to the figures in Standard Authorities have
been given, the titles of the Works referred to being, for economy
of space, abbreviated as follows:
A. B. R. Andrews (H. C.). Botanist's Repository. London,
1799-1811. 10 vols. 4to.
A. E. Andrews (H. C.). Coloured Engravings of Heaths.
London, 1802-30. 4 vols. 4to.
A. F. B. Loudon (J. C.). Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum....
London, 1838. 8 vols. 8vo.
A. F. P. Allioni (C.). Flora pedemontana. Aug. Taur., 1785.
3 vols. Fol.
A. G. Aublet (J. B. C. F.). Histoire des plantes de la
Guiane Française. Londres, 1775. 4 vols. 4to.
A. H. Andrews (H. C.). The Heathery. London, 1804-12.
4 vols. 4to.
B. Maund (B.). The Botanist.... London, 1839.
8 vols. 4to.
B. F. F. Brandis (D.). Forest Flora of ... India. London,
1876, 8vo. Atlas, 4to.
B. F. S. Beddome (R. H.). Flora sylvatica. Madras
[1869-73]. 2 vols. 4to.
B. H. La Belgique Horticole.... Ghent, 1850, &c.*
B. M. Botanical Magazine. London, 1787, &c. 8vo.*
B. M. Pl. Bentley (R.) and Trimen (H.). Medicinal Plants.
London, 1875-80. 8vo.
B. O. Bateman (James). A Monograph of Odontoglossum.
London, 1874. Fol.
B. R. Botanical Register. London, 1815-47. 33 vols. 8vo.
B. Z. Botanische Zeitung. Berlin, vols. i.-xiii. (1843-55).
8vo. Leipzig, vol. xiv. (1856).*
C. H. P. Cathcart's Illustrations of Himalayan Plants. London,
1855. Fol.
Enc. T. & S. Loudon (J. C.). Encyclopædia of Trees and Shrubs....
London, 1842. 8vo.
E. T. S. M. _See_ T. S. M.
F. A. O. Fitzgerald (R. D.). Australian Orchids. Sydney,
1876. Fol.*
F. D. Flora Danica--usually quoted as the title of the
work, Icones plantarum ... Daniæ et Norvegiæ....
Havniæ. 1761 to 1883. Fol.
F. d. S. La Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe.
1845-82. 23 vols. 8vo.
Fl. Ment. Moggridge (J. T.). Contributions to the Flora of
Mentone.... London, 1864-8.
Flora Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung. 1818-42.
25 vols. 8vo. [New Series] 1843, &c.*
F. M. Floral Magazine. London, 1861-71, 8vo. 1872-81, 4to.
F. & P. Florist and Pomologist. London, 1868-84. 8vo.
G. C. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette.
London, 1841-65. Fol.
G. C. n. s. The Gardeners' Chronicle. New Series, 1866, &c.
Fol.*
G. G. Gray (A.). Genera floræ Americæ.... Boston,
1848-9. 2 vols. 8vo.
G. M. The Gardeners' Magazine. Conducted by Shirley
Hibberd. London.
G. M. B. The Gardeners' Magazine of Botany.... London,
1850-1. 3 vols. 8vo.
Gn. The Garden. London, 1871, &c. 4to.*
G. W. F. A. Goodale (G. L.). Wild Flowers of America. Boston,
1877. 4to.
H. B. F. Hooker (W. J.). The British Ferns.
H. E. F. Hooker (W. J.). Exotic Flora. Edinburgh, 1823-7.
3 vols. 8vo.
H. F. B. A. Hooker (W. J.). Flora boreali-americana.... London,
1833-40. 2 vols. 4to.
H. F. T. Hooker (J. D.). Flora Tasmaniæ. London, 1860.
2 vols. 4to. This is Part 3 of "The Botany of
the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships
_Erebus_ and _Terror_, in the years 1839-43."
H. G. F. Hooker (W. J.). Garden Ferns. London, 1862. 8vo.
H. S. F. Hooker (W. J.). Species Filicum.
I. H. L'Illustration horticole. Gand, 1850, &c. 8vo.*
I. H. Pl. _See_ C. H. P.
J. B. Journal of Botany.... London, 1863. 8vo.*
J. F. A. Jacquin (N. J.). Floræ austriacæ.... icones....
Viennæ, 1773-8. 5 vols. Fol.
J. H. Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener.
Conducted by Dr. Robert Hogg. London.
J. H. S. Journal of the Horticultural Society. London, 1846.
8vo.*
K. E. E. Kotschy. Die Eiche Europas und des Orients.
L. B. C. Loddiges (C.). Botanical Cabinet. London, 1812-33.
20 vols. 4to.
L. C. B. Lindley (J.). Collectanea botanica.... London,
1821. Fol.
L. E. M. La Marck (J. B. P. A. de M. de). Encyclopédie
methodique ... Botanique. Paris, 1783-1817.
13 vols. 4to.
L. J. F. Lemaire (C.). Le Jardin fleuriste. Gand, 1851-4.
4 vols. 8vo.
L. R. Lindley (J.). Rosarum Monographia. London,
1820. 8vo.
L. S. O. Lindley (J.). Sertum Orchidaceum.... London,
1838. Fol.
L. & P. F. G. Lindley (J.) and Paxton (J.). Flower Garden....
London.... 1851-3. 3 vols. 4to.
M. A. S. Salm-Dyck. Monographia generum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi.
Bonnæ, 1836-63. 4to.
N. Burbidge (F. W.). The Narcissus: Its History and
Culture. With a Scientific Review of the
Genus by J. G. Baker, F.L.S. London, 1875. 8vo.
N. S. Nuttall (T.). North American Sylva.... Philadelphia,
1865. 3 vols. 8vo.
P. F. G. _See_ L. & P. F. G.
P. M. B. Paxton (J). Magazine of Botany. London, 1834-49.
16 vols. 8vo.
Ref. B. Saunders (W. W.) Refugium botanicum....
London, 1869-72. 8vo.
R. G. Regel (E.). Gartenflora. 1852, &c.*
R. H. Revue Horticole.... Paris, 1852.*
R. S. H. Hooker (J. D.). The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya.
London, 1849-51. Fol.
R. X. O. Reichenbach, _fil._ (H. G.). Xenia orchidacea. Leipzig,
1858. 4to.*
S. B. F. G. Sweet (R.). British Flower Garden. London,
1823-9. 3 vols. 8vo.
Second Series. London, 1831-8. 4 vols. 8vo.
S. C. Sweet (R.). Cistineæ. London, 1825-30. 8vo.
S. E. B. Smith (J. E.). Exotic Botany.... London, 1804-5.
2 vols. 8vo.
S. F. A. Sweet (R.). Flora australasica.... London, 1827-8.
8vo.
S. F. d. J. Siebold (P. F. de) and Vriese (W. H. de). Flore des
Jardins du Royaume des Pays-Bas. Leide,
1858-62. 5 vols. 8vo.
S. F. G. Sibthorp (J.). Flora græca.... London, 1806-40.
10 vols. Fol.
S. H. Ivy Hibberd (Shirley). The Ivy: a Monograph. London,
1872. 8vo.
Sw. Ger. Sweet (Robert). Geraniaceæ, the natural order of
Gerania. 1828-1830.
Sy. En. B. Syme (J. T. B.), _now_ Boswell. English Botany....
Ed. 3. London, 1863-85. 12 vols. 8vo.
S. Z. F. J. Siebold (P. F. von) and Zuccarini (J. G.). Flora
Japonica.... Lugd. Bat., 1835-44. Fol.
T. H. S. Transactions of the Horticultural Society. London,
1805-29. 7 vols. 4to.
T. L. S. Transactions of the Linnæan Society. London,
1791-1875. 30 vols. 4to.*
T. S. M. Emerson (G. B.). Trees and Shrubs ... of Massachusetts.
Boston, Ed. 2, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo.
W. D. B. Watson (P. W.). Dendrologia Britannica. London.
1825. 2 vols. 8vo.
W. F. A. _See_ G. W. F. A.
W. O. A. Warner (R.) and Williams (B. S.). The Orchid
Album. London, 1882. 4to.*
W. S. O. Warner (R.). Select Orchidaceous Plants. London,
Series i, 1862-65. Fol.
Series ii, 1865-75. Fol.
W. & F. Woods and Forests. 1883-4. 1 vol. 4to.
* Is still in course of publication.
THE
DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,
An Encyclopædia of Horticulture.
The following are the Abbreviations used:--_fl._ flowers; _fr._
fruit; _l._ leaves; _h._ height; _deg._ degrees; _rhiz._ rhizomes;
_cau._ caudex; _sti._ stipes.
The Asterisks (*) indicate plants that are especially good or
distinct.
=A.= In compound words from the Greek the initial _a_ has usually a
privative meaning; as _aphyllus_, without leaves; _acaulis_, without a
stem, &c.
=AARON'S BEARD.= _See_ =Hypericum calycinum= and =Saxifraga sarmentosa=.
=AARON'S ROD.= _See_ =Verbascum Thapsus=.
=ABELE TREE.= White Poplar. _See_ =Populus alba=.
=ABELIA= (named after Dr. Clarke Abel, Physician to Lord Amherst's
Embassy to China, in 1817, and author of a "Narrative of a Journey
to China" (1818); died 1826). ORD. _Caprifoliaceæ_. Very ornamental
shrubs. Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, five-lobed. Leaves petiolate,
dentately crenated. Well suited for the cold greenhouse, either as
trellis or pot plants; free-flowering when well grown, and of easy
culture. May be treated in sheltered and warm climates as hardy; and
can be grown out of doors during summer in less favoured spots. They
thrive in a compost of peat and loam in equal parts, to which a small
quantity of silver sand may be added. Increased by cuttings in summer,
and by layers in spring, under a frame. Only two species, _floribunda_
and _rupestris_, are much grown in England.
=A. floribunda= (many-flowered).* _fl._ rosy-purple, about 2in.
long, in axillary clusters. March. _l._ opposite, oblong. _h._ 3ft.
Mexico, 1842. The best and freest flowering evergreen species.
=A. rupestris= (rock).* _fl._ sweet-scented, small, pink, in
pairs at the ends of the branches; sepals of leafy texture, with
a reddish tinge. September. _l._ small, oblong. _h._ 5ft. China,
1844. A deciduous, branching, hairy shrub.
=A. serrata= (serrate-leaved). _fl._ pretty pale red,
sweet-scented, very large, in one-flowered terminal peduncles;
sepals leafy. March. _h._ 3ft. China, 1844. A fine evergreen
species.
=A. triflora= (three-flowered).* _fl._ pale yellow, tinged with
pink, small, arranged in threes at the ends of the branches; sepals
long and linear, clothed with long hairs. September. _l._ small,
lanceolate. _h._ 5ft. Hindostan, 1847. A small evergreen branching
shrub.
=ABERRANT.= Deviating from the natural or direct way; applied, in
natural history, to species or genera that deviate from the usual
characters of their allies.
=ABIES= (from _abeo_, to rise; alluding to the aspiring habit of
growth of the tree; or, according to some, from _apios_, a Pear-tree,
in allusion to the form of the fruit). Spruce Fir. The synonymy of
this genus is much confused, plants belonging to several genera being
frequently referred to _Abies_ in nurserymen's catalogues and gardening
periodicals. ORD. _Coniferæ_. A genus of about twenty-five species,
widely distributed over the mountainous regions of the Northern
hemisphere. Cones cylindrical, or but slightly tapering, erect; catkins
generally solitary; the carpels not thickened at the tip; and the
leaves solitary, partially scattered in insertion, and more or less
two-ranked in direction. Scales deciduous, falling off as soon as
the seed is ripe, leaving the axis on the tree. All the species bear
seeds at a comparatively early age; most are hardy. For culture, _see_
=Pinus=.
=A. amabilis= (lovely).* _shoots_ rather rigid, furrowed with
elongated cushions, covered with numerous small dark hairs.
_l._ scattered, crowded, 1-1/2in. to 2in. long; linear obtuse,
dark green above, silvery beneath. The cones are described as
cylindrical, and about 6in. long. _h._ 180ft. California, 1831. A
magnificent conifer, very massive in appearance.
=A. baborensis.=* _l._ linear, dark green, silvery on the under
surface, very numerous, those of the larger branches shortly
pointed, and those of the branchlets more obtuse and pointless,
1/2in. to 1in. long. _cones_ erect, cylindrical, usually in
clusters of four or five, 5in. to 8in. long, and about 2in. in
diameter; scales reniform, greyish-brown, inclosing a thin, dry,
and shrivelled bract. _h._ 40ft. to 60ft. Algiers, 1864. This is a
very beautiful medium-sized tree. SYN. _A. Numidica_.
=A. balsamea= (Balm of Gilead or Balsam Fir).* _l._ silvery
beneath, apex emarginate or entire, somewhat recurved and
spreading, 3/4in. long. _cones_ cylindrical, violet-coloured,
pointing upwards, 4in. to 5in. long, and 1/2in. broad; scales
3/4in. broad, and the same in length. _h._ 40ft. to 60ft. United
States and Canada, &c., 1696. A medium-sized slender tree.
=A. bifida= (bifid). Identical with _A. firma_.
=A. brachyphylla= (short-leaved).* _l._ linear, spirally inserted
round the branchlets, but pointing laterally in two directions,
3/4in. to 1-1/2in. in length; lower ones longest, obtusely pointed
or emarginate, bright green above, with two silvery lines beneath.
_cones_ 3in. to 4in. long, purple. _h._ 120ft. Japan, 1870. A
recently introduced magnificent fir, with an erect stem, regularly
whorled horizontal branches.
=A. bracteata= (bracted).* _l._ rigid, linear, flat, distichous,
2in. to 3in. long, bright glossy green above, and glaucous beneath.
_cones_ about 4in. long, with the bracts developed into long rigid
leaf-like linear spines, 2in. long, and slightly curved inwards.
_h._ 25ft. Southern California, 1853. A very handsome tall slender
tree, but, owing to its very early growth of new shoots, it is much
injured by the spring frosts.
=A. Brunoniana= (Brown's). Synonymous with _Tsuga Brunoniana_.
=A. canadensis= (Canadian). A synonym of _Tsuga canadensis_.
=A. cephalonica= (Cephalonian).* _l._ subulate, flat, dark green
above, and silvery beneath, acute. _cones_ erect, cylindrical,
green when young, afterwards reddish, and brown when ripe, 5in. to
6in. in length, and about 1-1/2in. in diameter; scales broad, thin,
and rounded, shorter than the bracts. _h._ 50ft. to 60ft. Mountains
of Greece, 1824. A very desirable tree for growing in exposed
situations.
=A. cilicica= (Cilician). _l._ linear, slightly curved or straight,
1in. to 1-1/2in. long, dark green above, and glaucous beneath,
crowded, in two ranks. _cones_ cylindrical, 6in. to 8in. long;
scales broad, thin, entire, coriaceous. _h._ 40ft. to 60ft. Mount
Taurus, in Asia Minor. This species seldom produces a good specimen
tree in England, and cannot, therefore, be recommended for general
cultivation.
=A. concolor= (one-coloured).* _l._ linear, flat, obtuse, glaucous
green, distichously arranged in double rows, those in the lower
rows 2in. to 3in. long, upper ones shorter, channelled above.
_cones_ cylindrical, obtuse both at base and top, 3in. to 5in.
long, 2in. to 2-1/2in. in diameter; scales numerous, imbricated,
larger than the bracts. _h._ 80ft. to 150ft. California, &c., 1851.
A very beautiful species, with yellow bark on the young branches.
SYNS. _A. lasiocarpa_ and _A. Parsonii_.
=A. Douglasii= (Douglas'). A synonym of _Pseudotsuga Douglasii_.
=A. dumosa= (short-leaved). Synonymous with _Tsuga Brunoniana_.
=A. excelsa= (tall). A synonym of _Picea excelsa_.
=A. firma= (solid).* _l._ rigid, coriaceous, spirally arranged
around the branchlets, but point laterally in two directions, 1in.
to 1-1/4in. long, very variable in young and old trees. _cones_
cylindrical, obtuse at both ends, 3in. to 6in. long; scales
imbricated, bearing protruding keeled bracts. _h._ 100ft. Japan,
1861. An erect tree, of great beauty.
=A. Fortunei= (Fortune's). It is said that in its native country,
its aspect is peculiar rather than handsome, and that but one
living representative is believed to be in existence in this
country--at Veitch's Nursery. SYN. _Keteleeria Fortunei_.
=A. Fraseri= (Fraser's). Double Balsam Spruce Fir. _l._ linear,
emarginate, silvery beneath. _cones_ oblong, squarrose, somewhat
leafy, obcordate, mucronate, half exserted, reflexed. _h._ 30ft.
to 40ft. North Carolina, 1811. This species closely resembles _A.
balsamea_, from which it differs in having shorter and more erect
leaves, and smaller cones.
=A. grandis= (splendid).* _l._ in double rows, on each side of the
branchlets, flat, obtuse, emarginate, pectinate, silvery beneath,
from 3/4in. to 1in. long. _cones_ lateral, solitary, cylindrical,
obtuse at base and apex, 4in. to. 5in. long, 2in. wide; bracts
ovate, acuminate, irregularly dentate, very short. _h._ 100ft.
California, 1831. A handsome tree of symmetrical habit, and rapid
growth.
=A. lasiocarpa= (woolly-coned). Synonymous with _A. concolor_.
=A. magnifica= (magnificent).* _l._ densely crowded, two-rowed,
1in. to nearly 2in. long, olive green, very glaucous on the upper
surface when young, becoming duller with age, and marked with
two silvery lines beneath. _cones_ 6in. to 7in. long, 2-1/2in.
to 3in. in diameter; scales, outer edge incurved. _h._ 200ft.
North California, 1851. A very tall and stately species, with, at
successive intervals, whorls of horizontal branches.
=A. Mariesii= (Maries'). _l._ erect, evenly disposed around the
stem, linear-oblong, obtuse; apex notched, 1/3in. to not quite 1in.
long; bracts ovate, oblong, retuse. _cones_ erect, cylindrical,
3-1/2in. to 5-1/2in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. wide, narrowed at the
base and apex, blackish purple; scales entire, nearly 1in. wide,
not quite so long as wide. Japan, 1879. A tall, pyramidal tree.
=A. Mertensiana= (Merten's). Synonymous with _Tsuga Mertensiana_.
=A. miniata= (vermilion). Synonymous with _Picea eremita_.
=A. Morinda= (Morinda). Synonymous with _Picea Morinda_.
=A. nobilis= (noble).* _l._ linear, mostly on one side of the
branches, falcate, short, acute, silvery beneath, 1-3/4in. long.
_cones_ cylindrical, erect, sessile, 6-1/2in. long, 2-3/4in. broad,
brownish; scales triangular, without the bractea, 1-1/4in. long,
and the same in breadth; bractea spathulate, imbricated backwards,
5/8in. long. _h._ 200ft. to 300ft. California, 1831. A majestic
tree.
=A. Nordmanniana= (Nordmann's).* _l._ linear, rigid, flat, and
minutely bifid at the apex, on young trees spreading in two rows,
with a half-twist at the base, 1in. long. _cones_ erect, slightly
ovoid, pedunculate, 4in. to 6in. long, and 2-1/4in. to 2-3/4in.
wide; bracts large, coriaceous, three-lobed, fringed, greatly
exceeding the scales. _h._ 80ft. to 100ft. Crimea, &c., 1848. A
magnificent and stately tree, of regular growth.
=A. Numidica= (Numidian). Synonymous with _A. baborensis_.
=A. obovata= (reversed-egg-coned). A synonym of _Picea obovata_.
=A. orientalis= (eastern). Synonymous with _Picea orientalis_.
=A. Parsonii= (Parson's). Synonymous with _A. concolor_.
=A. pectinata= (comb-like).* _l._ linear, solitary, flat, obtuse,
stiff, turned-up at the points, two-ranked, 1/2in. to 1in. long,
shining green above, with two lines of silvery white on each side
of the midrib beneath. _cones_ axillary, cylindrical, erect, 6in.
to 8in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, when ripe, brown; scales with
a long dorsal bractea, 1/6in. to 1-1/4in. long, and 1-1/4in. broad.
_h._ 80ft. to 100ft. A very noble silver fir, of slow growth when
young only. Central Europe, 1603. There are several unimportant
varieties of this splendid species.
=A. Pindrow= (Pindrow). In its native home, the Himalayas, this
is a very beautiful tree, attaining the height of 150ft., but
it has generally failed in England, in consequence of our late
spring frosts destroying the young growth. It comes very near _A.
Webbiana_, but is readily distinguished by its longer and more
acutely bidented leaves, and smaller cones.
=A. Pinsapo= (Pinsapo).* The Spanish Silver Fir. _l._ linear,
disposed around the branches, nearly terete, and entire at the
apex, not quite 1/2in. long, bright green, with faint silvery
lines on the inner side. _cones_ sessile, oval, or oblong, 4in.
to 5-1/2in. long, about 2in. wide; bracts short, concealed by the
broad rounded scales. _h._ 60ft. to 80ft. South Spain, 1839. A very
magnificent species, very regular and symmetrical in habit. The one
or two varieties offered for sale are not desirable.
=A. polita= (neat).* _l._ arranged spirally, short, erect, rigid,
falcate, acute at the apex, tetragonal, but compressed. _cones_
ellipsoid, 3in. to 4in. long; scales light brown, coriaceous,
minutely notched at the edge. Island of Nippon, 1861. This is a
beautiful species, admirably adapted as a specimen tree for lawns.
=A. religiosa= (sacred). _l._ linear, acute, quite entire, 1-1/2in.
long. _cones_ roundish-oval, 2-3/4in. long, and 2-1/2in. broad;
scales trapezoided-cordate; bracts the length of the scapes,
spathulate-oblong. _h._ 100ft. to 150ft. Mexico, 1839. A very
handsome species, but not hardy in this country.
=A. sachalinensis= (Sachalin). _l._ in many rows, 1in. or very
slightly more long, 1/12in. broad, twisted to one side, rigid,
linear, obtuse. _cones_ sessile, erect, cylindrical, bluntly
rounded at the apex, 3in. long, 1in. wide; scales transversely
oblong, reniform; margin inflexed, denticulate; bracts 1/2in. wide,
1/4in. long, obovate, serrulate, terminating in a reflexed angular
point, exceeding the scale. Japan, 1879. A tall pyramidal robust
species.
=A. Schrenkiana= (Schrenk's). Synonymous with _Picea Schrenkiana_.
=A. sibirica= (Siberian). Like the last, this species is not
recommended; its growth is very slow, even under the most
favourable circumstances. Siberia.
=A. Smithiana= (Smith's). A synonym of _Picea Morinda_.
=A. subalpina= (sub-alpine).* On the high mountains of Colorado,
&c., a tree 60ft. to 100ft. in height. Has not been long enough
in English gardens for any decided opinion to be formed as to its
merits as an ornamental tree.
=A. Tsuga= (Tsugan). A synonym of _Tsuga Sieboldi_.
=A. Veitchii= (Veitch's).* _l._ crowded, lateral ones spreading
in a distichous manner, those on the upper side much shorter and
pointing forwards, 1/2in. to 1in. long, linear, flat, glaucous
above, silvery beneath; emarginate on the sterile branches,
entire on the fertile ones. _cones_ erect, sub-cylindrical,
purplish-brown, 2in. to 2-1/2in. long, 3/4in. to nearly 1in. wide;
scales horizontal, reniform, densely packed, each enclosing a
short, wedge-shaped bract as long as the scale. _h._ 120ft. to
140ft. Japan, 1860, and again in 1879. Described as a beautiful and
interesting tree, as well as perfectly hardy; it should be planted
on elevated spots open to the south or south-east.
=A. Webbiana= (Webb's).* _l._ two-rowed, linear, flat, obtusely
emarginate, silvery beneath, 1-1/2in. to 2-1/2in. long. _cones_
cylindrical, 6-1/2in. to 7in. long, 2in. or more broad, deep
purple; scales kidney-shaped, roundish, closely compressed,
imbricated, about 1in. long, and 1-1/4in. broad; bracts oblong,
apiculate. _h._ 70ft. to 90ft. Himalayan Mountains, 1822. A
large handsome pyramidal tree, with numerous branches spreading
horizontally, much divided, and densely clothed.
=A. Williamsoni= (Williamson's). A synonym of _Tsuga Pattoniana_.
=ABOBRA= (its Brazilian name). ORD. _Cucurbitaceæ_. A genus of stove
or greenhouse plants, having solitary axillary diœcious flowers, and
finely divided leaves. The only species in cultivation is a very pretty
half-hardy climbing perennial, having a fleshy root about 1ft. or more
beneath the surface of the soil. It thrives well in warm sunny spots,
and in a light soil; seeds may be sown in pots or pans of light soil
early in April; the young plants can be planted out about the middle
of June. The fleshy tuberous roots may be stored during winter in a
greenhouse or frame. _See_ also =Gourds=.
=A. viridiflora= (green-flowered). _fl._ pale green, fragrant;
females succeeded by small oval scarlet fruits, which are about
as large as a filbert. _l._ dark green, glossy, much divided into
narrow segments. South America. A rapid growing plant, admirably
adapted for training over arbours or trellis-work. It is a very
pretty form of ornamental gourd.
=ABORTION.= An imperfect formation, or the non-formation of an organ;
any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which
fails in its progress before it is matured, frequently from a defect in
the male or female flowers.
=ABRAXAS GROSSULARIATA.= _See_ =Gooseberry or Magpie Moth=.
=ABRICOCK.= A former mode of writing Apricot.
=ABROMA= (from _a_, not, and _broma_, food; from its unwholesomeness).
ORD. _Sterculiaceæ_. Handsome, free-flowering evergreen trees, with
hairy lobed leaves, and extra axillary or terminal few-flowered
peduncles. Of easy culture, in a stove temperature, in loam and peat
soil. Propagated by seeds or cuttings, the former sown in March, the
latter made in April from half-ripened wood, and placed under a bell
glass.
=A. augusta= (smooth-stalked).* _fl._ dingy purple, drooping.
August. _l._ lower, cordate, three to five lobed; upper,
ovate-lanceolate, undivided. _h._ 10ft. East India, 1770.
=A. fastuosa= (prickly-stalked). _fl._ dark purple. June. _l._
lower, cordate, acutely five lobed; upper, ovate, entire. _h._
10ft. New Holland, 1800.
=ABRONIA= (from _abros_, delicate; referring to its involucrum).
Sand Verbena. ORD. _Nyctaginaceæ_. A small genus of seven species,
mostly natives of California, four of which only are known in general
cultivation. They are of a dwarf trailing habit, producing showy
blossoms in dense verbena-like clusters. Corolla funnel-shaped; limb
spreading. They succeed best in light sandy soil, in a position fully
exposed; if well drained, the rockery is perhaps the best place.
Increased by seeds, the outer skin of which should be peeled off before
sowing; sow during autumn in pots of sandy soil, and keep in a frame
until the following spring, when they may be placed in their flowering
quarters; or by young cuttings, set in spring, and also in sandy soil.
[Illustration: FIG. 1. ABRONIA UMBELLATA, showing Flower and Habit.]
=A. arenaria= (sand-loving).* _fl._ lemon-yellow, about 1/2in.
long, in dense clusters, with a honey-like fragrance. July. _l._
broadly ovate, or reniform, on short, thick petioles. _h._ 9in. to
18in. 1865. Half-hardy perennial. SYN. _A. latifolia_.
=A. fragrans= (fragrant).* _fl._ pure white, in terminal and
axillary clusters, very delicately perfumed, expanding in the
evening. May. 1865. A perennial, more or less erect in growth,
forming large branching tufts from 1ft. to 2ft. high. Imported
seeds only of this species will grow.
=A. latifolia= (broad-leaved). A synonym of _A. arenaria_.
=A. pulchella= (pretty). _fl._ pink. July. _h._ 6in. 1848.
=A. rosea= (rose-coloured). _fl._ rose-coloured. June. _h._ 6in.
1847. An unimportant species.
=A. umbellata= (umbel-flowered).* _fl._ rosy pink, in dense
terminal clusters, slightly scented. April. _l._ oval or oblong.
_h._ 6in. to 24in. 1823. An elegant prostrate half-hardy annual;
but under greenhouse culture it is a perennial. SYN. _Tricratus
admirabilis_. See Fig 1.
=ABRUPT.= Suddenly terminating, as abruptly pinnate; when pinnate
leaves are without a terminal or odd leaflet.
=ABRUS= (from _abros_, soft, in reference to the extreme softness of
the leaves). ORD. _Leguminosæ_. A very ornamental and delicate much
branched deciduous stove climber, whose roots have the virtues of
the common liquorice. Leaves abruptly pinnate, bearing many pairs of
leaflets. Requires a strong heat to keep it in a growing, healthy
condition, and to flower it well; and thrives best in sandy loam.
Increased by cuttings under a hand glass, in sand, or seeds raised in
heat.
=A. precatorius= (prayer). _fl._ pale purple, butterfly-shaped,
disposed in axillary clusters. Seeds bright scarlet, with a black
spot at the base, used by the Buddhists for making rosaries, whence
the specific name. March to May. _l._ leaflets ligulate, oblong.
_h._ 12ft. East Indies, 1680. Varieties are now and then met with
having rose coloured or white flowers.
=ABSORPTION.= The action by which liquids and gases become incorporated
with various bodies, through molecular or other invisible means, to
which function all parts of a growing plant contribute, the roots more
especially.
=ABUTA= (native name). ORD. _Menispermaceæ_. A strong growing
ornamental stove evergreen climber. Used medicinally in Cayenne.
Flowers diœcious, fascicled, males racemosely panicled; females loose
and simply racemose. It grows freely in a mixture of loam and peat.
Cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand
glass placed over them, in heat. About half-a-dozen species are known.
=A. rufescens= (rusty-coloured). _fl._ grey-velvety on the outside,
dark purple on the inside. March. _l._ ovate; under surface
brownish. _h._ 10ft. Cayenne, 1820.
=ABUTILON= (Arabic name for a plant analogous to the Marsh Mallow).
ORD. _Malvaceæ_. Very showy, decorative, and free-growing shrubs,
both for the greenhouse and outside culture. Calyx naked, five-cleft,
usually angular; style multifid at apex. The many beautiful hybrids
(of which Fig. 2 represents a group) now in cultivation, far supersede
the true species. Cultivation: Few plants are more easily grown and
worthy of liberal treatment than these. The best soil for them is equal
parts turfy loam, peat, and leaf mould, with some gritty sand. They
may either be grown in pots, or planted out; but in all cases thorough
drainage is indispensable, as they require an abundance of water,
and stagnancy must be guarded against. At the end of May they may be
planted outside, when they will flower profusely through the summer. In
a free growing and flowering state they enjoy weak manure water. From
the latter part of autumn till early spring they may be kept almost
dry without injury, though in a warm conservatory some of the later
struck plants will go on flowering throughout the greater part of the
winter; or plants may be specially prepared for winter flowering. They
are admirably adapted for forming standards of various heights, from
2ft. to 6ft. Some of the taller sorts are very useful for training
under roof rafters. As pillar plants, too, very loosely trained, so
as to allow the upper and side branches to droop to a considerable
distance from the pillar, they are very effective. Propagation: They
strike readily from cuttings made of the young wood, at almost any
season; the best time, however, is early spring and September. Inserted
in pots, in a compost of equal parts peat, leaf mould, loam, and
sand, and placed in a temperature of from 65deg. to 70deg., they will
then quickly root, and form good plants. Seeds may be sown in pans
filled with soil as recommended for cuttings, and placed in a similar
temperature. Those followed by a dagger (†) are the best for training
to pillars, roofs, &c.
=A. Bedfordianum= (Bedford's). _fl._ yellow and red. November. _l._
deeply-lobed. _h._ 15ft. Brazil, 1838.
=A. Darwini= (Darwin's).†* _fl._ bright orange, with darker
veinings, fine cupped form. April. _l._ large, broad. _h._ 4ft.
Brazil, 1871. A handsome species, of good habit, equally suitable
as a stove or greenhouse plant during winter, and for outdoor
culture during summer months. There are a great number of garden
hybrids from this.
=A. globiflorum= (globe-flowered). _fl._ solitary, large, globose,
cream-coloured. November. _l._ on long stalks, cordate, serrate.
_h._ 4ft. to 5ft. Mauritius, 1825.
=A. igneum= (bright). Synonymous with _A. insigne_.
=A. insigne= (handsome-flowered).* _fl._ large, purplish crimson,
with dark venation, in axillary pendulous racemes; petals short,
broad, much reflexed. Winter. _l._ large, cordate, thick, rugose.
Stem deep green, with short brown hairs. _h._ 6ft. New Grenada,
1851. SYN. _A. igneum_. See Fig. 3.
=A. megapotamicum= (big river).†* _fl._ small, bell-shaped,
singularly beautiful, the sepals being dark red, petals pale
yellow, and stamens dark brown. Autumn and winter. _l._ small,
pointed. _h._ 3ft. Rio Grande, 1864. A free-flowering species, with
a graceful drooping habit; the shoots should be well pressed in
during spring. SYN. _A. vexillarium_.
=A. pæoniflorum= (pæony-flowered). _fl._ pink, smaller than those
of _A. insigne_, but very distinct. January. _l._ large, ovate.
_h._ 6ft. Brazil, 1845.
=A. pulchellum= (pretty).†* _fl._ white, on few-flowered axillary
racemes. July. _l._ cordate, unequally crenated, downy beneath.
_h._ 8ft. Habit very branching. New Holland, 1824.
=A. striatum= (striped).* _fl._ orange yellow, with a thick
veining of blood-red, on long curving stalks. _l._ large, lobed,
on long slender petioles. Brazil, 1837. A free grower, and makes
an excellent greenhouse plant. In sheltered positions, in the
south-west of England, this species proves to be almost hardy. It
requires to be freely pinched. A very continuous bloomer.
=A. Thompsoni= (Thompson's). _fl._ striated yellow, large. Summer.
_l._ small, vine-like, richly mottled with yellow and dark green.
_h._ 3ft. or 4ft. Habit very neat and erect.
=A. venosum= (veined).†* _fl._ orange, with red veins, very
large, bell shaped, 3in. long; pedicels nearly 12in. long. July.
_l._ large, deeply palmate. _h._ 10ft. This splendid species is
distinguished by its unusually large flowers.
=A. vexillarium= (standard). Synonymous with _A. megapotamicum_.
=A. vitifolium= (vine-leaved).* _fl._ porcelain blue, large,
cupped. May. _l._ cordate, five to seven lobed, assuming, towards
the autumn, a fine golden hue. _h._ 30ft. Chili, 1837. This fine
shrub, or tree, is hardy in Ireland and the south of England, but
should have a protection from frost. It is not a fast grower.
The following are some of the best varieties, which, although they
do not include all the newest sorts, yet afford a good selection of
first-rate kinds, which will give general satisfaction. They are
arranged according to their respective colours. Those marked with a
dagger (†) are best for roofs and pillars.
=Orange-flowered.= AUREUM GLOBOSUM,* flowers deep orange, heavily
red shaded, of medium size, with good form and substance; DARWINI
MAJUS,* bright orange, deeply veined, extremely free, and of good
form and size; FLEUR D'OR,† light orange, veined pale red, very
free and dwarf; GRANDIFLORUM,* deep orange, red shaded, deeply
veined with red, a robust, large-flowered variety; LEO, flowers
pale below, deeper above, red-veined, of medium size; PRINCE OF
ORANGE,†* a strong grower, and very free.
=Ornamental-foliaged.= DARWINI TESSELATUM,†* foliage mottled
with yellow, invaluable for sub-tropical bedding; SELLOWIANUM
MARMORATUM,* very large maple-like foliage, heavily mottled with
bright yellow, a most effective variety; THOMPSONI, leaves very
freely blotched with yellow; VEXILLARIUM IGNEUM,†* very free,
of good habit, prettily blotched. All these ornamental-foliaged
varieties are invaluable for bedding purposes.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. GROUP OF ABUTILONS.]
=Purple-coloured.= EMPEROR,* flowers large, rich purple magenta
shaded, habit vigorous; LOUIS VAN HOUTTE, very free, rosy purple;
PURPUREA,* deep purple shaded lake, very attractive; SOUVENIR DE
ST. MAURICE, flowers medium size, very profuse; VIOLET QUEEN,*
bright violet purple, very distinct and free.
=Red and Crimson-flowered.= BRILLIANT,* flowers of good form and
substance, brilliant red inside, rather paler outside, dwarf and
free; CRIMSON BANNER,* rich crimson, dwarf, very floriferous; FIRE
KING,* bright red, orange shaded, veined with crimson; LUSTROUS,*
brilliant red crimson, large, most profusely produced, habit dwarf;
NE PLUS ULTRA,* intense crimson, of excellent form; SCARLET GEM,*
flowers medium sized, brilliant scarlet, habit dwarf and free.
=Rose-coloured.= ADMIRATION, light pink, shaded salmon, of good
form and shape; ANNA CROZY,* deep pink, lilac shade, veined white,
very showy; CLOCHETTE,* deep rosy pink, with crimson veins,
very dwarf and free; DELICATUM, pale salmon rose, with deeper
vein, flowers very large; KING OF THE ROSES,* rich deep rose,
of good size and substance, habit dwarf and very free; LADY OF
THE LAKE,* flowers medium sized, rich pink; LOUIS MARIGNAC, pale
pink, veined white, splendid habit, a charming variety; PRINCESS
MARIE,†* flowers rich rosy lake, very profuse, of excellent form;
ROSÆFLORUM,†* pale salmon rose, veined with crimson.
=White-flowered.= BOULE DE NIEGE,†* very fine pure white flowers,
the best in its class; PURITY,* very free, of good habit, and pure
white; SERAPH,* dwarf, and very floriferous.
[Illustration: FIG. 3. FLOWER OF ABUTILON INSIGNE.]
=Yellow-flowered.= CANARY BIRD,†* similar in habit to Boule de
Niege, bright primrose, very lovely; COURONNE D'OR,* bright yellow,
of the finest form and substance, very bold foliage; GOLDEN GEM,
rich canary yellow, extremely free, of dwarf habit; LEMOINEI,† very
fine, pale yellow, good size; QUEEN OF THE YELLOWS,* very large,
lemon yellow, good substance; YELLOW PRINCE,* rich golden yellow,
of medium size, very profuse.
=ABYSSINIAN PRIMROSE.= A common name for =Primula Boveana= (which
_see_).
=ACACIA= (from _ac_, a point, in Celtic; or from _akazo_, to sharpen;
many of the species are furnished with spines). _See_ also _Albizzia_.
ORD. _Leguminosæ_. Shrubs or trees, very variable in habit and leaves.
Flowers yellow, white, rarely red, disposed in globular heads or
spikes, decandrous or polyandrous. Spines stipular, scattered, or
wanting. This is a very polymorphous genus, and the majority of species
described are known in this country only from herbarium specimens. It
is very doubtful whether the entire genus is represented in our gardens
by more than about fifty species, many of which are only to be found
in botanic gardens; but this number is, without doubt, sufficiently
characteristic. The number of species is close upon 400, and the genus
one of the largest known. In our enumeration, we have strictly confined
ourselves to describing such as are unquestionably in cultivation,
and to this end we have adopted the only accurate method of deciding
which are and which are not grown, viz., by consulting the trade lists
of nurserymen, both in this country and on the Continent. Such lists,
however, are not always correct, from a scientific point of view, in
the matter of nomenclature. The species best deserving of cultivation
are all natives of Australia, New South Wales, or other temperate
regions, and are among the hardiest and most easily cultivated of all
greenhouse plants. They are very floriferous. The greenhouse species
are sufficiently hardy to withstand the winter in a temperature very
little higher than freezing point. Cultivation: Some have a tendency
to make long straight shoots; these should be selected for training
upon rafters or pillars, on which they thrive well and form splendid
ornaments in spring; whilst the more shrubby kinds will be equally
at home in pots in the form of bushes. Roots and tops grow with
great rapidity, and an abundance of water is required at all times.
Immediately after flowering (usually about May) is the best time to
prune Acacias; they may then be placed in the open air, and fully
exposed to the sun, until October. They make a far healthier, cleaner
growth, and ripen their wood much better outside than under glass; all
they require is copious waterings, never allowing them to become dry,
and keeping clear of weeds. In the first week in October house the
plants, and winter in a temperature of 40deg. to 50deg. They delight in
a light rich compost of equal parts turfy loam and leaf mould, freely
intermixed with sand, or peat may be used instead of the leaf mould.
Propagation: Cuttings of the half-ripened wood, put in with a heel,
root readily during the summer. They do not bear heat well, nor do
they require it. The soil should be equal parts peat and sand, covered
with pure sand, thoroughly consolidated. Insert the cuttings as soon
as made; water home, and leave them in the shade till dry. Then place
the bell glasses over them, shade and water so as to prevent flagging.
Pot off as soon as rooted, and keep in a close pit or house until the
plants are thoroughly established. Seeds should be sown as soon as
ripe, in sandy peat; about 1/4in. deep, or a little more, for large
seeds. A temperature of 55deg. to 60deg. suits them well. Pot off when
large enough to handle, and place in a cool close pit or house until
quite established. The culture and propagation of the stove species
are the same as for the greenhouse sorts, but the former require, of
course, greater heat. Their flowers, however, are much less frequently
produced than their more temperate congeners, consequently they are not
so much grown.
=A. affinis.=* _fl._ yellow. May. _h._ 5ft. New Holland, 1822.
Greenhouse species.
=A. albicans= (whitish).* _fl._ white; heads, two to five,
aggregate, rising in racemes from the axils to the leaves. _l._
with eight to nine pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing nineteen to
twenty-two pairs of oblong linear-leaflets. _h._ 5ft. Swan River.
=A. amœna= (pleasing). This closely resembles _A. heterophylla_.
=A. angustifolia= (narrow-leaved). _fl._ yellow, in heads two to
four together, pedunculate. April. _l._ with fifteen to twenty
pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing thirty to forty pairs of
linear-acute, ciliated leaflets. _h._ 4ft. New South Wales, 1816.
One of the numerous varieties of _A. longifolia_.
=A. arabica= (Arabian).* Gum Arabic. _fl._ white; heads
pedunculate, axillary, usually in threes. _l._ with four to
six pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing ten to twenty pairs of
oblong-linear leaflets. _h._ 20ft. Arabia, East Indies, &c., 1820.
Greenhouse species. See Fig. 4.
=A. argyrophylla= (silver-leaved). A synonym of _A. brachybotrya_.
=A. armata= (armed, simple leaved).* _fl._ yellow, in solitary
globular heads. April. _l._ phyllodia obliquely ovate-oblong, quite
entire, one-nerved. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. Australia, 1803.
=A. Benthami= (Bentham's). A synonym of _A. cochlearis_.
=A. brachybotrya= (short-bunched).* _fl._ yellow, in axillary
stalked globular heads. April. _l._ phyllodia silvery silky,
obliquely obovate, or oblong. _h._ 8ft. Swan River. SYN. _A.
argyrophylla_.
=A. Catechu= (catechu). _fl._ yellow; spikes cylindrical, solitary,
twin, or tern, axillary. March. _l._ with ten pairs of pinnæ, each
of which bears forty to fifty pairs of linear pubescent leaflets.
_h._ 20ft. to 40ft. East Indies, 1790.
=A. cavenia= (Cavenia).* _fl._ yellow, disposed in globose heads,
peduncles, axillary, aggregate. _l._ with usually about five pairs
of pinnæ, each of which bears nine to ten pairs of linear-oblong
leaflets, clothed with scabrous pubescence. _h._ 20ft. Chili.
Greenhouse species.
=A. cochlearis= (spoon-leaved). _fl._ yellow, in solitary globular
heads. April. _l._ phyllodia linear lanceolate, many-nerved at the
base, quite entire, mucronate. _h._ 4ft. West Australia, 1818. SYN.
_A. Benthami_.
=A. cultriformis= (knife-formed).* _fl._ yellow, in crowded heads,
disposed in either axillary or terminal racemes. April. _l._
phyllodia eight to ten lines long, four lines broad, cultriform,
ending in an acute hooked point, which bears to one side. _h._ 4ft.
New South Wales, 1820.
=A. cuneata= (wedge-shaped).* _fl._ yellow. April. Swan River,
1837. Greenhouse species.
=A. cyanophylla= (blue-leaved). _fl._ yellow; racemes axillary;
heads globose. March. _l._ phyllodia lanceolate, often 1ft. long,
glaucous green, almost blue; branches drooping. _h._ 18ft. Swan
River, 1838. Arboreous.
=A. dealbata= (whitened).* The Silver Wattle. _fl._ yellow, in
pedicellate heads, disposed in racemes along the axillary branches.
July. _l._ from ten to twenty pairs of pinnæ, each of which bears
thirty to thirty-five pairs of linear, much crowded pubescent
leaflets. _h._ 10ft. to 20ft. Australia and Tasmania, 1820.
=A. diffusa= (spreading). _fl._ yellow, in globular heads, which
are usually twin. May. _l._ phyllodia linear, one-nerved, ending
in an oblique acumen; branches diffusely procumbent, angular. _h._
2ft. Victoria and Tasmania, 1814.
=A. Drummondi= (Drummond's).* _fl._ pale lemon; spikes axillary,
drooping, cylindrical, simple. April. _l._ with two pairs of pinnæ,
each pinna bearing two to three pairs of linear obtuse leaflets.
Plant unarmed, silky. _h._ 10ft. Swan River. Very handsome and one
of the best grown, forming a somewhat dwarf shrub.
[Illustration: FIG. 4. ACACIA ARABICA (_a_) Flowering Branch, (_b_)
Seed-pod.]
=A. Farnesiana= (Farnesian). _fl._ yellow, sweet-scented, disposed
in axillary, usually twin, unequally pedunculate heads. July. _l._
with five to eight pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing from fifteen
to twenty pairs of linear glabrous leaflets. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. St.
Domingo, 1656. Greenhouse species.
=A. glauca= (milky white).* _fl._ white; spikes globose, stalked,
axillary, usually twin. July. _l._ with four to six pairs of
pinnæ, each pinna bearing about twelve to fifteen pairs of linear,
distant, acute leaflets, which are glaucous beneath. _h._ 5ft. to
10ft. South America, 1690.