========+===========+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+==============+===+===+===+===+========
| No. | S.1 | S.2 | S.3 | S.4 | S.5 | S.6 | S.7 | S.8 | S.9 | S.10 | | | | | Ratio
Date | of | | | | | | | | | | 1.2.3.4 | R | W | R | W | of
| trials | 5.63 | 1.2.3.4 | 6.7.8.9 | 2.3.4.5 | 3.4.5.6.7 | 1.2.3 | 5.6.7.8 | 1.2 | 2.3.4.5.6 | 5.6.7 | | | | | R to W
--------+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+---+---+---+---+--------
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
August | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
20 | 1- 10 | 6 | 3.4 | 6.7.8.9 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 3 | 7.8 | 2 | 5.5.6 | 6.7 | 3 | 7 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
" | 11- 20 | 5.6 | 3.4 | {7.8.7.8 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 2.3 | {7.6.7.7 | 2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 1 | 9 | 4 |16 | 1: 4.00
| | | | {8.7.8.9 | | | | {6.7.7.8 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
21 | 21- 30 | 5.6 | 3.4 | {7.8.7.6 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 2 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 1 | 9 | | |
| | | | {8.7.9 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
" | 31- 40 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 7.7.6.8.9 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 3 | 6.7.8 | 2 | 6 | 6.7 | 3 | 7 | 4 |16 | 1: 4.00
23 | 41- 50 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 7.8.9 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 2.3 | 6.7.8 | 2 | 5.6 | 5.6.7 | 1 | 9 | | |
" | 51- 60 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 7.8.9 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 1 | 9 | 2 |18 | 1: 9.00
24 | 61- 70 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 6.8.9 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 6.7.8 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 0 |10 | | |
" | 71- 80 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 6.7.8.9 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 5.7.8 | 2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 1 | 9 | 1 |19 | 1:19.00
25 | 81- 90 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 6.7.8.9 | 5 | 5.6.7 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 4.5.6.7 | 1 | 9 | | |
" | 91-100 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 6.7.8.9 | 3.4.5 | 6.6.7 | 2.3 | 6.7.8 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 0 |10 | 1 |19 | 1:19.00
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
26 | 101-110 | 5.6 | 3.4 | {6.7.8.8 | 3.5 | 5.6.7 | 2.3 | 5.6.7.6.7.8 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 0 |10 | | |
| | | | {6.7.6.9 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | {6.7.8.8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
" | 111-120 | 5.6 | 2.3.4 | {6.7.8.7 | 3.4.5 | 5.6.7 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 4.5.6.7 | 0 |10 | 0 |20 | 0:20.00
| | | | {6.7.9* | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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[Footnote *: Aided by experimenter.]
The evidence suggests that in this young orang utan ideational learning
tended to replace the simpler mode of problem solution by trial and
error. Seemingly incapable of solving his problems by the lower grade
process, he strove persistently, and often vainly, to gain insight. He
used ideas ineffectively. Animals far lower in intelligence (e.g., the
pig), surpass him in ability to solve these relational problems because
they use the method of elimination by trial consistently and
effectively. Julius, in these experiments, made a poor showing because
his substitute for trial and error is only slightly developed. Would he
have succeeded better with the same problems if mentally mature?
There are many important features of the results which, for lack of
space, have not been indicated or discussed. They can be developed from
later comparative studies of the data, for in the tables appear all of
the essential facts of response apart from those mentioned in the text.